JP2015043333A - Sofcカソードのための異方性cteのlsm - Google Patents
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- 229910002075 lanthanum strontium manganite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002578 La0.2Sr0.8MnO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 238000012053 enzymatic serum creatinine assay Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100536354 Drosophila melanogaster tant gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910017135 Fe—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001483 high-temperature X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年12月31日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/335,085号明細書の利益を主張するものである。上記出願の教示はその全体を参照により本明細書に組込む。
他に断らない限り、サンプルはすべて約1280℃で約30分間空気中で焼結した。図6と下記の表7にその結果を示す、ホットプレスされた(HPed)サンプルに対して、約0.02MPaと約3MPaの間の範囲にある一定圧力を焼結工程の全体にわたって維持した。下記の表2は、いくつかのLSM材料の室温(RT)から900℃で測定されたCTE(ppmすなわち10−6℃−1での)を記載し、これらのLSM材料は、Praxair(Praxair、Woodinville、WA)La0.2Sr0.8MnO3(LSM20);0%、2%および5%のAサイト欠損を有するPraxair LSM20;自社内で、自由焼結されるか、ビスク焼成されるかのいずれかで製造されたLSM20(CREE LSM20);およびNexTech(NexTech Materials, Lewis Center, OH)LSM20からのものである。他に断らない限り、表2で記載したサンプルは、グリーン形成された、対応するLSM粉末を空気中で自由焼結することによって、製造した。
組A(箱型オーブン内でスペーサで覆って自由焼結した) −− 12〜12.2ppm
組B(ホットプレスオーブン内でスペーサで覆って自由焼結した) −− 11.9〜12.2ppm
組C(ホットプレスした) −− 11〜11.2ppm
微分CTEに関して、ホットプレスされたCREE LSM20粉末および自由焼結されたCREE LSM20粉末の比較を図2に示す。図2に示すように、ホットプレスされたLSM20のtangent CTEは、全温度範囲にわたって自由焼結されたLSM20のtangent CTEより低い。
ホットプレスされたCREE LSM20に、熱サイクル試験を受けさせ、サンプルは、約16時間の累積期間、900℃にさらした。サイクル試験の前(最初の加熱中に)と、この試験の後(最終のサイクル冷却中に)のCTEを、計算した。この2つのCTE値は、試験された3つの型のすべてのサンプルに対して同じだった(ホットプレスされたCREE LSM20に対して11〜11.2ppm、自由焼結されたPraxair LSM20および自由焼結されたCREE LSM20に対して11.9〜12.2ppm)。したがって、CTEの比較的に短期の安定性は900℃で実証された。
1組のホットプレスされたCREE LSM20を、膨張計において空気中で、900℃(4時間)、1200℃(4時間)、1280℃(6時間)および1380℃(2時間)でそれぞれ焼鈍した。焼鈍前後のCTEを測定した。焼鈍前のCTEは、焼鈍の加熱過程中に測定した。焼鈍後のCTEは、焼鈍の冷却過程中および少なくともそのすぐ後に1回の別個のCTE測定処理で測定した。結果を、下記の表4に示す。
ホットプレスされたLSM20のCTEを、図4に示す2つの直交する方向において、試験した。ホットプレスされたディスク厚さ(4mm)の制限により、試験サンプルは典型的な膨張計の試験サンプル長さ(25mm)よりはるかに短かった。異方性試験サンプルの寸法は、4mm×4mm×4mmだった。
上述の異方性結果は、圧力が低CTEの原因であることを強く示す。そこで、CREE LSM20の一連のサンプルをホットプレスしたが、異なったピーク圧力で行った。その圧力は、1MPa、0.1MPa、死荷重(約0.02MPa)、および、無圧力(ただしサファイアスペーサの覆いは有する)である。各圧力レベルに対して、少なくとも2つのサンプルを試験し、各試験は、異なった週に行われた少なくとも2回の繰り返しの試験から構成した。3MPaでホットプレスされたPraxair微細粉末LSM20も試験した。CTE結果を、表8に記載する。ホットプレスの後のサンプルディスクの直径膨張も、表8に記載する。これは変形が圧力によって引き起こされたかどうか示すためである。サンプルは焼結中に直径が収縮するはずであるが、変形(圧力誘起質量拡散)を引き起こすために十分な圧力が加えられた場合、ディスクの直径は拡大し得るであろう。
LSM20粉末(CREE LSM20またはPraxair LSM20)を2インチのディスクへ、ホットプレスまたは自由焼結した。次いで、ディスクから、棒を50mm×4mm×4mmの寸法に切り出した。次いで、棒を四点曲げ試験にかけて、荷重対変位カーブを測定した。結果を図7A〜図7Dに示す。CB0513はホットプレスしたPraxair LSM20(焙焼された粉末)(図7A)、CB0616は自由焼結したCREE LSM20(図7B)、および、CB0704はホットプレスしたCREE SLM20(図7C)であった。CB0616(自由焼結したCREE LSM20)は、四点曲げ試験において破損に至るまで線形の弾性の荷重−変位カーブを示したが、これは、小さい荷重の下、室温でのセラミックス材料の予想された挙動である。図7A〜図7Cは、それぞれの組成物の個々のサンプルに対する荷重−変位カーブを示す。CB0513(ホットプレスしたPraxair LSM20)とCB0704(ホットプレスしたCREE LSM20)の両方は、塑性降伏、すなわち、軟化であり、いくつかのペロブスカイトセラミックに対して報告された強弾性に似ている挙動である、非線形の荷重対変位カーブを明らかに示した。
上記に記載したすべての参考文献の教示は、その全体を参照により本明細書に組込む。
本発明についてそれらの例示実施形態を参照して具体的に示し、記述してきたが、当業者であれば、添付の特許請求の範囲により包含されている本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、形態および詳細の様々な変更をそこに実施し得ることを、理解するであろう。
Claims (15)
- 面外CTEと面内CTEによって定義され、前記面外CTEと前記面内CTEの間で少なくとも1×10−6℃−1の差を有する、異方性の熱膨張率(CTE)を有する焼結された層を含み、
前記焼結された層が、ランタンストロンチウムマンガナイト(LSM)から形成されるとともに、前記焼結された層が0.5mmと4mmの間の範囲にある厚さを有している固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。 - 前記面内CTEは、10.6×10−6℃−1と11.8×10−6℃−1の間の範囲にある請求項1に記載の固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。
- 前記面内CTEは、10.6×10−6℃−1と11.4×10−6℃−1の間の範囲にある請求項2に記載の固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。
- 前記面外CTEは、13.0×10−6℃−1であり、前記面内CTEは、12.0×10−6℃−1である請求項1に記載の固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。
- 前記面外CTEは、14.0×10−6℃−1であり、前記面内CTEは、10.6×10−6℃−1である請求項1に記載の固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。
- 前記カソードは、20℃と50℃の間の範囲にある温度で非線形の応力−歪み曲線を示す請求項1に記載の固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。
- 前記焼結された層は、接触せずに且つ別々に焼結された層である請求項1に記載の固体酸化物燃料電池のカソード。
- 請求項1に記載のカソードを含む固体燃料電池。
- 請求項8の固体燃料電池を複数含む固体燃料電池スタック。
- 固体酸化物燃料電池物品の一部を形成する方法であって、
a)カソードに圧力を加えながら焼結処理を行うことによって、
ランタンストロンチウムマンガナイト(LSM)から形成されたカソードを形成するステップと、
b)面外CTEと面内CTEによって定義され、少なくとも1×10−6℃−1の差を有する、カソードの熱膨張率(CTE)を有し、圧力を加えながら焼結処理を行った後に、前記カソードを焼鈍するステップと、を含む、方法。 - 0.5mmと4mmの間の範囲にある厚さを有している層を有する請求項10に記載の方法。
- 1200℃と1400℃の間の範囲にある温度で、15分と約3時間の間の範囲にある期間、焼結される層を有する請求項10に記載の方法。
- 1270℃と1290℃の間の範囲にある温度で、15分と約1時間の間の範囲にある期間、焼結される層を有する請求項10に記載の方法。
- カソードに加えられる圧力は、0.02MPaと20MPaの間の範囲である請求項10に記載の方法。
- カソードに加えられる圧力は、0.02MPaと12MPaの間の範囲である請求項14に記載の方法。
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| CN110085873B (zh) | 2018-01-26 | 2021-09-10 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 固态氧化物燃料电池的阴极层与膜电极组 |
| KR102261142B1 (ko) | 2018-10-31 | 2021-06-07 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 전기화학기법을 적용한 고체산화물연료전지 공기극 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN112736256A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 对称双阴极结构固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极组装方法与组装器具 |
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| KR100255902B1 (ko) * | 1997-10-15 | 2000-05-01 | 명호근 | 페롭스카이트형 금속산화물의 제조방법 |
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| KR101456045B1 (ko) | 2014-11-03 |
| CN102763261A (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
| KR20120105032A (ko) | 2012-09-24 |
| US8580461B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
| US20120009505A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
| US20110158880A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
| WO2011082326A3 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| JP2013516731A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
| EP2519991A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| EP2519991A2 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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