JP2015013779A - Compost, and method for manufacturing the compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compost with excellent conservation and mechanical fertilization characteristics by utilizing the characteristic that organic waste inherently has as a fertilizer, and a manufacturing method of the compost.SOLUTION: A compost is manufactured by granulating an organic material which is obtained by fermenting and drying a compost material using a hermetic type fermentation and drying apparatus. In the organic material, when a value of ignition loss of the compost material before fermentation and drying is A mass% and a value of the ignition loss after fermentation and drying is B mass%, a value of [A-B] exceeds 5 mass% and is 30 mass% or less. The hermetic type fermentation and drying apparatus has a plurality of stirring blades, and vent holes for introducing external air are provided for blade portions of the stirring blades.

Description

  The present invention relates to compost and a method for producing the compost. In particular, the present invention relates to a compost made from livestock excrement discharged from a livestock management body, food waste discharged from a food industry establishment, or the like, and a method for producing the compost.

  The types and discharges of livestock excreta discharged from livestock management bodies and food waste discharged from food industry establishments have increased in recent years, and their disposal has become a major social issue. A method of composting and recycling organic waste such as livestock excrement and food waste is known, but these composts are not easy to handle for agricultural producers. For example, compost using conventional organic waste as a raw material usually has a low fertilizer component, and when it is used for composting, it is necessary to apply about 3 tons per 10 ares, and the labor burden is large. Moreover, since the compost component balance also varies, the base balance in the soil is easily broken. Further, since conventional compost has a coarse powder shape and high moisture content, there are problems in quality such as how to deal with the stock location and the tendency for mold to occur, and there are various problems in use.

  In the formation of granules for odorless fermentation of organic sludge, food residue, livestock excrement, etc., the process of reducing the degradation resistance of lignin, etc., which becomes a barrier to degradation by chipping or scrapping wood chips, and infiltrating microbial active liquid A granulated material forming method is disclosed in which a carbon source subjected to a process and a nitrogen source such as organic sludge, food residue, and livestock excrement are kneaded with a microbial material by a granulation processing apparatus and granulated into a ball shape by adhesive force (See Patent Document 1).

  In addition, for the purpose of providing sludge granules for recycling that are satisfactory in terms of handleability, odor, fertilizer effect, decay due to anaerobic bacteria, etc., carbonized particulates obtained by carbonizing organic sludge are coated with organic sludge. Further, a sludge granular material for recycling is disclosed (see Patent Document 2).

  In addition, when the soil reaches the acidic side of the predetermined hydrogen ion index, which adversely affects the growth of the plant, it will be detected and neutralize naturally and promote the activation and reproduction of microorganisms, improving the plant As a fertilizer that allows the soil quality of a simple growing environment to be realized, an intermediate layer portion composed of nutrient components for microorganisms is formed on the surface of the aggregate core material portion composed of a fertilizer component and a soil neutralizing component, and then the intermediate layer A soil acidification-sensitive fertilizer formed by coating the surface of the part with a soil acidification-sensitive layer is disclosed (see Patent Document 3).

  Also, as a food residue fermentation treatment apparatus with excellent air permeability, food residues and aerobic microorganisms are mixed in an airtight container, and the food is produced by the action of aerobic microorganisms while agitating the inside of the container. An apparatus for fermentation treatment of food residues for fermenting residues is disclosed (see Patent Document 4). Furthermore, after anaerobic fermentation of organic waste in a fermenter, an organic waste treatment apparatus for obtaining biogas that can be subjected to anaerobic fermentation treatment of the fermentation residue after anaerobic fermentation is disclosed ( (See Patent Document 5).

  However, there is no known compost that uses organic waste as a raw material and has both basic fertilizer and topdressing effects and excellent storage stability and mechanical fertilization characteristics.

JP 2009-106828 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-309600 JP 2000-44376 A JP 2010-69477 A JP 2011-121042 A

  The present invention has been made in order to cope with such problems, and provides a compost excellent in preservability and mechanical fertilization characteristics and a method for producing the same by taking advantage of the characteristics of organic waste as an inherent fertilizer. To aim.

  The compost of the present invention is compost formed by granulating an organic material obtained by fermenting and drying a compost raw material using a closed fermentation drying apparatus. When the value of the ignition loss of the compost raw material before fermentation and drying is A mass% and the value of the ignition loss after fermentation and drying is B mass%, the organic material has a value of [AB]. It is more than 5 mass% and 30 mass% or less.

  The closed-type fermentation and drying apparatus used when manufacturing the compost of the present invention has a plurality of stirring blades, and the blade portions of the stirring blades have vent holes for introducing outside air.

  Moreover, the compost raw material used as the raw material for compost is an organic waste having an ignition loss value of 70% by mass or more. This organic waste is a livestock excrement, food waste, sewage sludge, septic tank sludge, and human waste. It is at least one selected from treated sludge.

The compost of the present invention is produced in the following process, and the organic material taken out from the closed fermentation drying apparatus has an ignition loss value of A mass% of the compost raw material before fermentation and drying, and the same after fermentation and drying. When the ignition loss value is B mass%, the value of [AB] is more than 5 mass% and 30 mass% or less.
(1) A step of putting a compost raw material into the above-mentioned closed-type fermentation and drying apparatus, leaving a space of 10 to 20% with respect to the internal volume of the apparatus,
(2) a step of fermenting and drying the compost raw material under predetermined conditions;
(3) A step of taking out a part of the fermented and dried organic material from the sealed fermentation drying apparatus,
(4) A process of fermenting and drying after putting a new compost raw material into the organic material remaining in the above-mentioned closed-type fermentation drying apparatus,
(5) The process of granulating the organic material taken out from the said closed type fermentation drying apparatus.

  Since the compost of the present invention is compost processed using a closed-type fermentation dryer so as to reduce the loss on ignition to a predetermined value, the amount of organic matter decomposition can be kept optimal, such as the germination rate of plants, etc. Excellent fertilizer effect.

It is a figure which shows the result of a Komatsuna germination rate. It is a figure which shows an example of a closed type fermentation drying apparatus.

  For the treatment of livestock excrement, food waste, etc., a method of fermenting and decomposing organic substances contained therein as much as possible is common. However, it has been found that the fertilizer effect is further improved by limiting the fermentation of organic matter to a predetermined range using a closed fermentation drying apparatus. The present invention is based on such knowledge.

The raw material to be compost of the present invention is an organic waste containing a large amount of organic components. Examples of organic waste include livestock excrement, food waste, sewage sludge, septic tank sludge, human waste sludge, or a mixture thereof.
The presence or absence of organic components in organic waste is represented by loss on ignition. The loss on ignition is a value measured by the 3.2.1 ignition ashing method of the fertilizer analysis method (Agricultural and Environmental Technology Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1992), and represents the content of organic matter. As a raw material in this invention, it is preferable that the ignition loss is at least 70 mass% or more, Preferably it is 75 mass% or more. If it is less than 70% by mass, the organic component is reduced and the fertilizer effect is reduced.

  If you list such compost materials, you can list livestock excrement such as chicken dung, pig dung, cow dung, horse dung, etc., as food waste, waste in food manufacturing / processing stage, unsold in distribution stage, consumption Examples include cooking waste and garbage at the stage, and sewage sludge, septic tank sludge, human waste sludge, and the like. Of these, chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure, which are easily composted using a closed fermentation drying apparatus, are preferable compost raw materials.

  As the closed-type fermentation drying apparatus that can be used in the present invention, any apparatus that can reduce the ignition loss of the input compost raw material by 5 to 30% to obtain an organic material can be used. Preferably, the apparatus is capable of decomposing organic matter contained in the compost raw material while simultaneously performing fermentation and drying. In order to perform fermentation and drying at the same time, it is particularly preferable to have a plurality of stirring blades and to provide a vent hole for introducing outside air in the blade portions of the stirring blades. The plurality of stirring blades are provided in multiple stages around the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft erected in the cylindrical fermenter that can be sealed, and the lowermost stirring blade is made hollow and then in the fermenter It is preferable that a vent hole for feeding air is provided.

  An example of such a closed fermentation drying apparatus (component) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the closed fermentation drying apparatus. As shown in FIG. 2, the closed-type fermentation drying apparatus 1 includes a vertical cylindrical fermenter 2, a rotary shaft 3 provided in the vertical direction in the fermenter 2, and a plurality of fixed around the rotary shaft 3. A single stirring blade 4 and an air supply means 6 for sending outside air into the fermenter 2 are provided. The lowermost hollow stirring blade has a vent hole 4a at the lower portion of the blade portion. The outside air sent from the air supply means 6 is introduced into the fermenter 2 through the vent 4a through the pipe 6a provided in the rotating shaft 3. In the fermenter 2, at least one stirring blade 4 is provided at each stage at a plurality of positions at a predetermined interval from the lower part to the upper part of the rotating shaft 3 in the fermenter 2. Moreover, the shape of the stirring blade 4 is a pitched paddle shape linearly extended from the rotating shaft 3 toward the inner wall side of the fermentation tank 2, and has an inclined surface on the front side in the rotation direction.

  The fermenter 2 is a heat-insulating container having a metal outer layer and a heat-insulating layer, and is an air-tight container that is unlikely to come into contact with outside air other than that introduced from the vent hole. Further, the fermenter 2 has a compost raw material inlet 2a and a gas outlet 2c at the top, and an organic material outlet 2b at the bottom. Each of these openings is provided with an openable / closable lid for ensuring the airtightness (sealing property) of the fermenter. A machine room 5 is provided below the fermenter 2, and a driving means 8 for the rotating shaft 3 and the above-described air supply means 6 are provided in the machine room. Further, a heater 7 is provided for heating the outside air sent from the air feeding means 6 as necessary.

  The compost raw material has a value of [AB] of 5% when the ignition loss value of the compost raw material before fermentation and drying is A mass% and the ignition loss value after fermentation and drying is B mass%. It contains more than 30% by mass, more than 5% by mass, preferably more than 5% by mass and not more than 20% by mass, more preferably more than 5% by mass and 15% by mass or less, by drying while fermenting. The amount of organic material is adjusted. By making the value of [A-B] more than 5 mass% and 30 mass% or less, the fertilizer effect can be improved, for example, the germination rate of Komatsuna can be improved.

  The organic material can be granulated into a compost by itself even if the organic material content is adjusted. In addition, the lack of the fertilizer effect by the difference in compost raw material can be compensated by mixing a chemical fertilizer with this organic material.

  The organic material is granulated after drying until the moisture content becomes 30 to 50% by mass. By setting the moisture content within this range, granulation with a granulator is facilitated. Examples of the granulation include a compression granulation method such as a tableting method and a roll press method, a rolling granulation method, and an extrusion granulation method.

  The granulated particles preferably have a diameter of 4 to 6 mm. By setting it as this range, the fertilization by a machine becomes possible without trouble.

  The granulated compost is adjusted to a moisture content of 5 to 15% by mass. The moisture adjustment can be performed using a dryer.

The compost can be produced by the following method.
(1) First, the compost raw material is put into the above-mentioned closed-type fermentation and drying apparatus, leaving a space of 10 to 20% with respect to the internal volume of the apparatus. By adding the compost raw material while leaving a space of 10 to 20%, the compost raw material is sufficiently stirred, so that fermentation and drying are efficiently performed.

(2) The compost raw material is fermented and dried under predetermined conditions.
There are two methods of operation of the closed-type fermentation drying apparatus: “batch operation” and “continuous operation”.
(A) In the case of “batch operation”, the compost raw material is put into a closed type fermentation drying apparatus, and is fermented and dried for about 5 days. There will be no removal or loading for the last 5 days. Thereafter, about 30% by mass of the fermented and dried organic material is left in the apparatus, and the remaining about 70% by mass of the organic material is taken out. The extracted organic material is granulated in the next step. The organic material left in the sealed fermentation drying apparatus is fermented and dried for about 5 days while stirring together with a new compost raw material to become an organic material.
(B) In the case of “continuous operation”, the compost raw material is put into a closed type fermentation drying apparatus, fermented and dried for 24 hours, and about 20% by mass of organic material is taken out 24 hours after the start of operation. After that, the portion taken out is input as compost raw material. In this way, the raw material input and the organic material removal are repeated in a 24-hour cycle.

  In addition, even in the case of “batch operation” or “continuous operation”, when the sealed fermentation drying apparatus is used for the first time, the previous organic material that has been fermented and taken out from this apparatus is used as 30 mass of compost raw material. It is preferable to add about% in advance. This is because acclimated fermentative bacteria are used.

In the sealed fermentation drying apparatus, stirring is performed while external air is introduced from the vent hole of the lowermost stirring blade. The rotation speed of the stirring blade is usually adjusted to 40 to 60 minutes per rotation so that the moisture content of the raw material is less than 35% by mass. Moreover, rotation and a stop are repeated as needed. When the rotation speed of the stirring blade is too slow or too early, the water content of the contents becomes 35% by mass or more, resulting in poor fermentation. Moreover, when it is 35 mass% or more, it becomes difficult to take out from a closed-type fermentation dryer. The amount of ventilation is usually about 0.15 m ³ / min per 1 m ^{3 of} container volume. The aeration is continued during the treatment period.

  Using a closed fermentation drying apparatus 1 as shown in FIG. 2, a compost raw material is introduced from an inlet 2 a at the top of the fermenter 2, and after fermentation and drying under the above operating conditions, an outlet 2 b at the bottom of the fermenter as an organic material. Take out from. Further, the outside air introduced into the fermenter from the vent hole 4a of the lowermost stirring blade flows upward while passing through the raw material, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 2c together with gas and water vapor generated from the raw material.

  When the organic material taken out from the enclosed fermentation drying apparatus is A mass% for the value of ignition loss of the compost raw material before fermentation and drying, and B mass% for the value of the ignition loss after fermentation and drying, The value of [AB] is more than 5% by mass and 30% by mass or less. Compost can be obtained by granulating the extracted organic materials.

  Since the compost of the present invention improves the nitrogen component amount and the fertilizer effect by adjusting the fermentation rate within the above range, it can be preferably applied to the use of raw fertilizer and additional fertilizer.

Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2
Egg-collecting chicken manure 4t was batch-fed into a vertical closed-type fermentation drying apparatus (see FIG. 2) having an internal volume of 18 m ³ . The rotation of the stirring blade is adjusted to 40 to 60 minutes per rotation, the aeration amount is operated at about 0.15 m ³ / min per 1 m ³ of the internal volume, and the contents are extracted from the closed-type fermentation dryer at regular intervals. The ignition loss was measured. As the fermentation time increased, the fermentation progressed and the loss on ignition decreased. The water content of the contents was less than 35% by mass. The organic material extracted from the closed fermentation drying apparatus was granulated into particles having a diameter of about 5 mm using an extrusion granulator to obtain compost. The obtained compost was evaluated by the Komatsuna germination rate by the following test. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.

Komatsuna germination rate test:
Using 1 / 10,000 Earl Neubauer pot, 20 seeds of Komatsuna were sown in one pot. The amount of compost applied was adjusted so that the test compost had the same nitrogen content (100 mg / pot). Since the growth inhibitory substance has an effect at an early stage after sowing, the germination rate on the second day after sowing 20 grains was measured.

Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Example 3
As composting materials, Example 6 prepared dairy cow dung, Example 7 prepared domestic pig dung, Example 8 prepared kitchen waste, Example 9 prepared septic tank sludge, and composted in the same manner as Example 1. Got. The moisture content of the compost raw material charged into the closed fermentation drying apparatus was less than 35% by mass. The obtained compost was evaluated by the Komatsuna germination rate in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. In addition, the comparative example 3 is an example using the advanced chemical fertilizer.

  As shown in Table 1, Table 2, and FIG. 1, Examples 1-9 are excellent in the germination rate of Komatsuna compared with Comparative Examples 1-2, and show the fertilization effect close to the advanced chemical fertilizer shown in Comparative Example 3. It was.

  Since the compost of the present invention uses, as a raw material, livestock excreta discharged from livestock management bodies or food waste discharged from food industry establishments, etc., the discharged waste can be reduced. Moreover, since it is excellent in fertilizer effects, such as a germination rate of a plant, it can be utilized for the agricultural field.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sealed fermentation drying apparatus 2 Fermenter 3 Rotating shaft 4 Stirring blade 5 Machine room 6 Air supply means 7 Heater 8 Drive means

Claims (5)

Compost produced by granulating organic materials obtained by fermenting and drying compost raw materials using a closed-type fermentation drying device,
The organic material has a value of [AB] where the value of loss on ignition of the compost raw material before fermentation and drying is A mass%, and the value of loss on ignition after fermentation and drying is B mass%. Compost characterized by being more than 5% by mass and not more than 30% by mass.   2. The compost according to claim 1, wherein the closed-type fermentation drying apparatus has a plurality of stirring blades, and a blade for introducing outside air is provided in a blade portion of the stirring blades.   The compost according to claim 1, wherein the compost raw material is an organic waste having at least 70% by mass of the ignition loss value.   The compost according to claim 3, wherein the organic waste is at least one selected from livestock excrement, food waste, sewage sludge, septic tank sludge, and human waste sludge. A method for producing compost according to claim 1,
In the closed-type fermentation and drying apparatus, leaving a space of 10 to 20% with respect to the internal volume of the apparatus, and introducing a compost raw material;
Fermenting and drying the compost raw material under predetermined conditions;
Removing a part of the fermented and dried organic material from the sealed fermentation drying apparatus;
A step of fermenting and drying after putting the compost raw material into the organic material remaining in the sealed fermentation drying apparatus;
A step of granulating the organic material taken out from the sealed fermentation drying apparatus,
[AB] When the organic material taken out is A mass% for the value of ignition loss of the compost raw material before fermentation and drying, and B mass% for the value of the ignition loss after fermentation and drying, [AB] The value of is more than 5 mass% and 30 mass% or less, The manufacturing method of the compost of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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