JP2014526893A - 新規殺虫性組成物のハイスループット同定のための統合された方法およびその用途 - Google Patents
新規殺虫性組成物のハイスループット同定のための統合された方法およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8286—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for insect resistance
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Abstract
Description
添付の配列表中の物質は、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。添付のファイル(ファイル名「SGI1530−1WO_ST25.txt」)は、2012年8月17日に作成されたものであり、836Kbである。前記ファイルには、Window OSを使用するコンピュータ上で、Microsoft Wordを利用してアクセスすることができる。
本発明は全体として分子生物学分野に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、生体毒素をコードする遺伝子配列の同定およびその用途に関する。
多くの微生物種、特に土壌に生息する芽胞形成性グラム陽性菌種および他の複合的生態群集は、自身の生存能および増殖能を増加させる幅広いタンパク質性毒素を産生する。そのような細菌の多くは、しばしば、種々の遺伝子を含み得るプラスミドおよびエピソーム等の染色体外遺伝因子を保有している。多くの場合、これらのプラスミドにコードされる遺伝子およびエピソームにコードされる遺伝子は、所与の菌種に重要な特徴を与える。例えば、最も広く使用されている生物致死性殺虫剤の一つは、バチルス・チューリンゲンシス(Bacillus thuringiensis:Bt)の亜種および菌株の染色体外遺伝物質にコードされるタンパク質のCrystal(Cry)である。現在まで、種々様々なバチルス・チューリンゲンシス(Bacillus thuringiensis:Bt)菌株およびBt由来化合物が殺微生物剤として使用されている。Btの芽胞は結晶を含有し、その結晶は主に一つまたは複数のCryおよび/またはCytタンパク質(β内毒素としても知られている)を含んでおり、種々の鱗翅目害虫に対する強力で特異的な殺虫活性を有する。Bt毒素は作物保護のための局所的な殺虫剤として使用されており、より最近では、該タンパク質は病虫害抵抗性を付与するために遺伝子導入植物において発現されている。これらの菌種による殺虫性タンパク質の産生に関与する遺伝子は染色体外DNAにコードされている。
本発明は、生物、特に植物または植物細胞における病虫害抵抗性を調節するのに有用な組成物および方法に関する。新規生体毒素をコードする遺伝子配列を迅速且つ効率的に同定する方法が提供される。特に、目的の新規配列について、微生物の染色体外遺伝物質を迅速にサンプリングおよびスクリーニングする方法が記載される。新規生体毒素をコードする単離された核酸分子およびそのような核酸分子を含有する組成物が本開示において提供される。さらに、細菌、植物、植物細胞、組織、および種子に殺虫活性を付与するための組成物および方法も提供される。さらに、前記ポリヌクレオチドに対応するアミノ酸配列も包含され、それらのアミノ酸配列に特異的に結合する抗体も提供される。
細菌集団内に存在する多様性の多くは、染色体外DNA含有物(例えばプラスミドおよびエピソーム)上に存在する。プラスミド含有物による菌株変異は、バシラス属菌株、特にバチルス・チューリンゲンシス(Bacillus thuringiensis)(「Bt」)において、よく知られている。主に巨大染色体外DNA分子上に存在するバチルス・チューリンゲンシス(Bacillus thuringiensis)δ−内毒素遺伝子等の殺虫性タンパク質は、本発明の方法を用いることにより迅速に発見することができる。さらに、多くのクロストリジウム属菌株が巨大染色体外プラスミドを有していることも知られており、これらのうちいくつかは毒性因子およびι毒素等の毒素を含有することが知られている(例えば、Perelle et al., Infect. Immun., 61:5147-5156, 1993;およびそこで引用される参考文献を参照)。さらに、クロストリジウム属菌株の変異性の大部分がプラスミド含有物により生じているように思われることが示されている(例えば、Katayam et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 250:17-28, 1996参照)。従って、複数のクロストリジウム属菌株の染色体外DNA含有物の解読によって、膨大な遺伝的多様性が迅速に捉えられる。さらに、クロストリジウム属内に存在するδ−内毒素遺伝子の相同体に関する報告がなされている(Barloy et al., J. Bacteriol. 178:3099-3105, 1996)。
本開示は、有用な遺伝子を迅速且つ効率的に同定および単離するための統合されたアプローチを提供する。本発明の一態様は、微生物において生体毒素をコードする遺伝子配列を迅速且つ高効率に同定する方法を提供する。特に、本方法は、目的の新規配列についての、微生物の染色体外遺伝物質の迅速且つ効率的なサンプリングおよびスクリーニングを可能にする。本方法は、分離菌株の集合から得られた染色体外DNA分子の混合群の迅速な配列決定および特徴付けを含む。本方法は、染色体外DNAを標的とし、宿主染色体の繰り返しのクローニングおよび配列決定を回避させ、それにより、染色体外DNAにコードされる遺伝子(例えば生体毒素)への集中を可能にする。本方法は、染色体外DNA分子の混合群に由来するヌクレオチド配列を含むメタゲノムデータセットを構築し、処理し、メタゲノムデータセットの注釈づけされた配列を既知の配列に対し比較して、新規のヌクレオチド配列を同定することを含む。本発明のいくつかの好ましい態様では、処理されたDNA配列は6つ全てのフレームで翻訳され得、得られたアミノ酸配列は既知のタンパク質配列に対して比較され得る。特に重要な微生物には、限定はされないが、細菌、真菌、藻類等が含まれる。
メタゲノミクスは現在最も発展が速い研究領域の一つである。前記用語は、メタアナリシス(個別分析を統計的に組み合わせる過程)およびゲノミクス(生物の遺伝物質の総合的解析)の統計的概念に由来する。今日までのところ、従来のメタゲノミクスはしばしば、環境試料または一連の関連試料から直接得られたDNAに対する、ハイスループット配列決定の適用と定義されている。ある程度、従来のメタゲノミクスは微生物ゲノミクスの派生であるが、重要な違いは、メタゲノミクスが配列決定用の純粋な培養物を入手する必要性を回避することにある。さらに、試料は単離された個体群からではなく、混合群(community)から入手される。原則的に、環境内微生物混合群のメタゲノミクス解析は主に2つのアプローチ、メタゲノムライブラリーの機能に基づくスクリーニングおよび配列に基づくスクリーニングに分類され得る。両スクリーニング技術は、環境DNAの単離、および小インサートまたは大インサートのライブラリーの構築を含む(例えばSimon and Daniel, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:1153-1161, 2011参照)。
染色体外核酸分子の配列は、種々の技術、具体的には大量並列配列決定技術と称される場合もある次世代ハイスループット配列決定技術を用いることにより、決定することができる。これらのハイスループット配列決定技術は周知であり、技術文献および科学文献、例えば、Lin et al. (Recent patents on Biomedical Engineering, 1:60-67, 2008)によるレビューおよびその中で引用される参考文献に記述されている。
本発明が開示するスクリーニング法によって微生物が選択された後、それらを分類学的に同定することはしばしば有益である。微生物分離菌株の分類学による分類を種々の技術、例えば、限定はされないが、(1)前記分離菌株の核酸分子への核酸プローブのハイブリダイゼーション;(2)前記分離菌株の核酸分子の増幅;(3)前記分離菌株の分子の免疫検出;(4)前記分離菌株由来の核酸分子の配列決定;またはこれらの技術のうちの2つ以上の組み合わせ、によって決定することができることは、当業者により理解される。
本発明の別の態様では、本開示は、新規の単離された核酸分子、これらの核酸分子に干渉する核酸分子、これらの核酸分子とハイブリダイズする核酸分子、およびDNAコードの縮重により同じタンパク質をコードする単離された核酸分子を提供する。本出願のさらなる実施形態は、本発明の単離された核酸分子にコードされるポリペプチドをさらに含む。
毒素のDNA配列を種々の方法により改変できること、およびこれらの改変により、本発明の毒素によりコードされるアミノ酸配列と異なるアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質をコードするDNA配列をもたらされ得ることが企図される。このタンパク質は、配列表に記載される配列の一つまたは複数のアミノ酸のアミノ酸置換、欠失、切断、および挿入、例えば、最大で、約2、約3、約4、約5、約6、約7、約8、約9、約10、約15、約20、約25、約30、約35、約40、約45、約50、約55、約60、約65、約70、約75、約80、約85、約90、約100、約105、約110、約115、約120、約125、約130またはそれ以上のアミノ酸置換、欠失または挿入を含む種々の方法において、改変され得る。
本明細書にはPatentln Version 3.5プログラムを用いて作成されたヌクレオチドおよびポリペプチドの配列情報が含まれる。配列表中に提供される生体毒素配列は注釈づけされ、それぞれの配列の1つまたはいくつかの既知の相同体を示している。いくつかの配列は特定用途を示す「pfam」ドメインを含有する。具体的なpfamドメインは、「www.sanger.ac.uk」または「pfam.janelia.org」等の様々なソースによってより詳細に記述される。従って、配列表中の生体毒素配列の種々の実際の適用は、既知配列に対するそれらの類似性に基づいて、当業者には直ちに明らかとなる。
本明細書に記載の方法は、商業的価値を有する遺伝子配列を含む巨大なメタゲノム配列データセットを作成するのに有用である。細菌に特異的な染色体外核酸の単離および配列決定は、現在の遺伝子同定法に対していくつかの利点を有する。第一に、遺伝子がDNA配列により同定されるため、この方法は、ハイブリダイゼーションにより容易に達成され得るよりも、既知遺伝子に対しより低いDNA類似性を有する遺伝子を同定する可能性が高い。第二に、微生物菌株の染色体外ゲノムは全ゲノムサイズの一部分(1〜20%)であるため、多くの関連または非関連細菌の染色体外ゲノムを迅速にサンプリングし、興味深い遺伝子を直ちに同定することができる。第三に、染色体外遺伝物質における差異により存在する菌株間の多様性が大きいため;この方法は、細菌群における主な多様性、差異を捉える際に非常に効率的である。さらに、既存の配列データセットの規模が増すごとに、本方法の効率も増す。いかなる所与の微生物に関しても、検出される新規クローンの割合は50%から1%まで低下し得るため、本明細書で開示される方法の効率は、ゲノム全体の配列決定(15kbのインサートサイズに対する)に対して3倍〜16倍に増加し得る。
本発明の一態様では、目的のポリヌクレオチド配列に隣接したDNA配列を特定するために、多くの既知の方法のうちの1つが使用され得る。例えば、微生物細胞における新規ポリヌクレオチド配列を天然に囲むゲノム領域をさらに同定することができる。ハイブリダイゼーションプローブを作製し、既存の染色体外DNAライブラリーをスクリーングすることにより、これを達成することができる。あるいは、より大きなインサート(例えばコスミドライブラリー)のライブラリーを作製し、目的の新規ポリヌクレオチド配列に隣接したDNAを含有していそうなクローンをスクリーニングすることができる。例えば、逆PCR(SambrookおよびRussell、上記)により、既知のDNAに隣接する領域をクローン化し配列決定することができる。別のそのような方法は、配列既知のリンカーを制限酵素で消化された染色体外DNAに連結し、次に、オリゴリンカーに相同なオリゴヌクレオチド、および目的領域に相同なオリゴ(例えば本発明の新規ポリヌクレオチド配列の末端配列)を用いてPCR産物を生成することを含む。この方法を実行するためのキット(GENOMEWALKER(商標)、クローンテック社)は、市販されている。
本発明の別の態様では、殺虫活性を有する毒素を発現する遺伝子導入生物、特に遺伝子導入植物を作製するための方法が提供され、該方法は典型的には核酸構築体を生物に導入することを含む。例えば、「導入」とは、構築体が植物細胞の内側へのアクセスを得るように、植物に核酸構築体を与えることを意味する。本発明の方法では、ヌクレオチド構築体を植物に導入するための特定の方法を使用することを必要とせず、構築体が植物の少なくとも1つの細胞の内側へのアクセスを得るだけでよい。例として以下で詳細に記載される方法を使用して遺伝子導入植物を作製することができるが、遺伝子導入植物細胞を作製する方法は、本発明にとってそれほど重要ではない。
本発明の核酸分子にコードされるポリペプチドまたはその断片の1つまたは複数を、形質転換細胞または形質転換生物内で発現させることができる。例えば、本発明の配列、またはそれらの組み合わせ、またはそれらの一部および/もしくは変異体(mutant)および/もしくは融合物および/もしくはバリアント(variant)を使用するために、ベクター内に挿入された本発明のポリヌクレオチド配列を含み、植物細胞の形質転換に適した組換え核酸構築体を調製することができる。構築体は、標準的な組換えDNA技術を用いて作製することができ、アグロバクテリウム属が介在する性形質転換によって、または下記で言及される他の形質転換法によって、目的の種に導入することができる。さらに、本発明の微生物毒素配列を改変またはコドン最適化して、宿主細胞(例えば植物細胞)内での対応するポリペプチドの発現を達成または増強することができる。典型的に、そのような毒素ポリペプチドを発現する構築体は、その遺伝子の転写を駆動するためのプロモーター、および転写終結およびポリアデニル化のための3'非翻訳領域を含有しているであろう。そのような構築体の構成は当該技術分野において周知である。いくつかの場合では、得られるペプチドが分泌されるか、あるいは植物細胞内で標的化されるように、遺伝子を操作することが有用であり得る。例えば、遺伝子を操作することで、小胞体へのペプチドの移動を促進するためのシグナルペプチドを含有させることができる。イントロンのmRNAプロセシングが発現に必要となるように、植物発現カセットを操作してイントロンを含ませることも、好ましい場合がある。
本発明の核酸分子を、種々の技術により、適切な宿主植物のゲノムまたは細胞内に導入することができる。形質転換技術、およびヌクレオチド配列を植物に導入するためのプロトコルは、形質転換の標的とされる植物または植物細胞の種類(すなわち、単子葉類または双子葉類)に応じて異なり得る。種々様々な高等植物種を形質転換させることができるこれらの技術は、周知であり、技術文献および科学文献に記載されている。遺伝子導入植物または遺伝子導入植物細胞の作製は、いくつかの方法のうちの1つにより行うことができ、例えば、限定はされないが、DNAの注入、マイクロインジェクション、エレクトロポレーションによる植物細胞の形質転換、細胞またはプロトプラストの融合、PEGを介した形質転換、微粒子銃の使用、およびアグロバクテリウム・ツメファシエンス(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)またはアグロバクテリウム・リゾゲネス(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)または他の細菌宿主等を用いT−DNAを介して等である。
異種外来DNAを植物細胞に導入した後、植物ゲノムにおける異種遺伝子の形質転換または組込みを、組み込まれた遺伝子に関連する核酸、タンパク質および代謝産物の解析等の種々の方法によって、行うことができる。
有害生物駆除においてまたは他の微生物の操作において、本発明による核酸もしくはポリペプチド配列またはその変異体を含む微生物菌株を殺虫性薬剤として使用するための一般的な方法は、当該技術分野において既知である。例えば、米国特許第7,129,212号;同第7,056,888号;同第5,308,760号;および同第5,039,523号を参照されたい。
本発明のポリペプチドは、通常、組成物の形態で散布され、処理されるべき作物地帯または植物に、同時にまたは連続的に、他の化合物および組成物と共に散布され得る。これらの化合物および組成物は、凍結保護剤、洗浄剤、休眠期間中用油剤(dormant oil)、肥料、殺虫性石けん(pesticidal soap)、高分子、界面活性剤、除草剤、および/または製剤を1回散布した後に標的地帯の長期間の薬剤供給を可能にする持続放出型もしくは生分解性担体製剤であってもよい。また、これらの化合物および組成物は、所望であれば、さらに、製剤の分野において通例使用される農業的に許容し得る担体、界面活性剤または散布促進アジュバントを一緒に含む、選択的な化学的殺菌剤、殺虫剤、除草剤、殺真菌剤、殺細菌剤、殺アメーバ剤、農有害生物剤、抗線虫薬、殺軟体動物剤、抗ウイルス剤、またはこれらの調製のうちのいくつかの混合物であってもよい。適切な担体およびアジュバントは、固体または液体であってよく、製剤技術において通常使用される物質(例えば天然または再生ミネラル分散剤、物質、溶媒、粘着付与剤、湿潤剤、結合剤、または肥料)に一致していてもよい。同様に、標的有害生物による殺虫性製剤の摂食または経口摂取を可能にするために、製剤を可食「餌」に調製してもよいし、有害生物「トラップ」を形成させてもよい。
第一単離:微生物試料を米国内のいくつかの試料採取場所から採取した。各試料採取場所における混合微生物試料を、個々の根圏試料から作製した。個々の試料から2グラムの根圏土壌を採取し、50mLファルコンチューブ中で混合することにより、混合試料を作製した。混合後に土壌をホモジナイズした。
細胞懸濁液の20μl分量を、20μlの2×溶解緩衝液(100mM トリスHCL(pH8.0)、2mM EDTA(pH8.0)、1%SDS、400μg/ml プロテイナーゼK)を含む96ウェルPCRプレートに移した。溶解条件は以下の通りであった:55℃で30分間、94℃で4分間。一定分量の溶解産物をPCR増幅用の鋳型DNA源として使用した。16S rRNA配列を、M13−27F(SEQ ID NO:207)および1492R M13付加(M13-tailed)(SEQ ID NO:208)プライマーを用いるPCRで増幅した。
細菌細胞溶解用の改良された方法を開発し、以下の通りに最適化した。
染色体外DNAからゲノムDNAを除去する目的で、QIAGENのlarge construct kitを使用して、Bt分離菌株から染色体外DNAを抽出した。2つのアプローチを試みた;(1)製造業者に推奨される通りのQIAGEN(登録商標)プロトコルに従った:(2)グラム陽性バシラス属細胞の溶解を促進するよう改変された細胞溶解法を開発した(元のQIAGEN(登録商標)プロトコルはグラム陰性細菌である大腸菌用に開発されているため)。
国際公開第WO2010115156A2号に記載される方法を使用して、200のバシラス属分離菌株から精製された染色体外核酸のプールをショットガン配列決定にかけ、アセンブリし、注釈づけした。鋳型DNAを、製造業者が推奨する条件に従うIllumina Genome Analyzer IIx(GAIIx)プラットフォームの単一レーンにかけた。およそ2Gbpの75bpペアードエンドリード(paired-end reads)を生成した。インサートの平均的サイズは約200bpであった。次に、初期パラメータを使用するCLC Genomics Workbench de-novoアセンブラ(CLC Bio社)を用いて配列アセンブリを行った。18.3Mbpの全長および702bpのN50値を有する合計28,098のコンティグがアセンブリされた。
次に、実施例3に記載のアセンブリおよび注釈づけプロセスから得られたコンティグを、BLASTXアルゴリズムを用いて既知の内毒素から成るデータベースに対して配列比較することにより、新規内毒素をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列の存在について試験した。アセンブリおよび注釈づけされた配列の解析により、Cry、VIPおよびCyt遺伝子を含む、Bt毒素の多くの主要なクラスに属するいくつかの遺伝子が同定された。合計で47の完全長新規毒素遺伝子および56の部分新規毒素遺伝子が、以前に発見されていた多くの毒素遺伝子と共に同定された。
(表1) 本発明の方法により同定された生体毒素コード配列
それぞれのアミノ酸配列について、GenomeQuest(商標)ソフトウェアを初期設定で用いて配列同一性を決定した。各ポリペプチドの例示的な機能相同体を記載する。それぞれの配列の他の既知の相同体も添付の配列表に記載する。
いくつかの実験において、合成毒素配列を作製する。これらの合成配列は、親毒素配列と比較して変化したDNA配列を有する場合があり、対応する親毒素タンパク質と同一線上にある(collinear)が、所望により多くのδ内毒素タンパク質内に存在するC末端「結晶ドメイン」を欠くタンパク質をコードしている場合がある。
いくつかの実験において、本明細書に記載の配列を有する生体毒素を合成し、既知のクローニング方法を用いて、バシラス属またはシュードモナス属に適したベクター内にクローン化する。形質転換に関して、バシラス属またはシュードモナス属培養物を、当該技術分野において既知の形質転換法に従って適切に準備する。毒素遺伝子を有するベクターを含有する、得られたバシラス属またはシュードモナス属組換え菌株を、CYS培地(10g/l Bacto−casitone;3g/l 酵母抽出物;6g/l KH2PO4;14g/l K2HPO4;0.5mM MgSO4;0.05mM MnCl2;0.05mM FeSO4)等の従来の増殖培地上で、顕微鏡検査により芽胞形成が明らかとなるまでそれぞれ培養する。試料を調製し、バイオアッセイにおいて活性を試験する。
本出願で開示される毒素または予測毒素ドメインをコードするDNA分子を、選択可能な抗生物質抵抗性マーカーを含有する適切な大腸菌発現ベクターに別々にクローン化し、それぞれのプラスミドを含む大腸菌コンピテント細胞の形質転換を行う。各コンストラクトについて、単一コロニーを抗生物質を添加したLB培地に播種し、37℃で一晩増殖させる。次の日、一晩培養したものの1%を新鮮な培地に播種し、37℃で対数増殖期まで増殖させる。各細胞ペレットを、プロテアーゼ阻害剤を含有するトリス緩衝液(20mM トリス−Cl緩衝液、pH7.4、200mM NaC1、1mM DTT)中に懸濁し、超音波処理する。毒素タンパク質の発現をSDS−PAGE解析で確認する。次に毒素タンパク質を当該技術分野において既知の技術により精製する(例えば、上記SambrookおよびRussell, 2001参照)。精製したタンパク質を、適切な対照と共に、昆虫アッセイで試験する。プレートの5日目の読み取り値は、毒素タンパク質がコナガおよび南西部アワノメイガ有害生物に対して殺虫活性を有することを示している。
有害生物に対して殺虫剤として作用する殺虫性タンパク質の能力は多くの場合いくつかの方法において評価される。当該技術分野において周知の1つの方法は、摂食アッセイを行うことである。そのような摂食アッセイでは、有害生物は試験対象の毒素/化合物を含有する試料または対照試料に暴露される。多くの場合、これは、試験対象の物質または係る物質の適切な希釈物を、人工飼料等の有害生物が経口摂取する物質上に配置することにより行われる。試験対象の物質は液体、固体、またはスラリーから成り得る。試験対象の物質を表面上に配置した後に乾燥せてもよい。あるいは、試験対象の物質を溶けた人工飼料と混合した後にアッセイチャンバ中に分配してもよい。アッセイチャンバは、例えば、カップ、ディッシュ、またはマイクロタイタープレートのウェルであってよい。
ベクター構築: 本発明の遺伝子の各コード領域を植物内発現用の適切なプロモーターおよび転写終結配列に独立に連結させる。そのような配列は当該技術分野において周知であり、ウイルス性CaMV35Sプロモーター、単子葉類内発現用のイネのアクチンプロモーターまたはトウモロコシのユビキチンプロモーター、双子葉類内発現用のアラビドプシス属のUBQ3プロモーター、およびNOSまたはOCSターミネーターが含まれ得る。プロモーター−遺伝子−ターミネーターコンストラクトを作製し確認する技術も当該技術分野において周知である。以下の例は限定のためではなく説明のために記載される。
上記の完全長または切断型の生体毒素タンパク質を含む発現カセットを、CaMV35Sプロモーター(HowellおよびHull、Virology 1978)およびユビキチンプロモーター(Christensen et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 1992)を用いて、通例の方法で適切なシャトルベクター内に作製する。いくつかの場合において、宿主植物内での生体毒素タンパク質の発現効率を最適化するため、オープンリーディングフレームのコドン使用頻度を宿主植物のコドン使用頻度に適合させ、同じタンパク質をコードする一方で別のコドンが使用されるようにする。そのような変化された配列はReverse Translateソフトウェアで作製するが、これはワールドワイドウェブのbioinformatics.org/sms2/rev_trans.htmlで見つけることができるコドン最適化ソフトウェアである。次に、例えばオオムギ、コムギ、ライコムギ、トウモロコシ、ワタ、およびイネの細胞を含む植物細胞を、得られた組換えベクターで形質転換する。
8〜12DAPの穂からトウモロコシ胚を単離し、サイズが0.8〜1.5mmである胚を形質転換に使用する。胚を、胚盤側を上にして、適切なインキュベーション培地上に播き、所望により25℃暗所で一晩インキュベートする。次に胚を5〜10分間のTiプラスミド介在性遺伝子導入に適したベクターを含むアグロバクテリウム属菌株と接触させた後、共培養培地上に3日間(暗所25℃)播く。共培養後、外植体を回復期培地に5日間(暗所25℃)移す。外植体を適切な選択培地中で、利用する各選択の性質および特徴に応じて最長8週間、インキュベートする。選択期間後、得られたカルスを、成熟体細胞胚の形成が観察されるまで、胚成熟培地に移す。次に、得られた成熟体細胞胚を微光下に置き、当該技術分野において既知の通りに再分化プロセスを開始する。得られたシュートを発根培地に根付かせ、得られた植物を苗床鉢に移し、遺伝子導入植物として生育させる。
8〜12DAPの穂からトウモロコシ胚を単離し、サイズが0.8〜1.5mmである胚を形質転換に使用する。胚を、胚盤側を上にして、DN62A5S培地(3.98g/L N6塩;1mL/Lの1000×ストックN6ビタミン;800mg/L L−アスパラギン;100mg/L ミオイノシトール;1.4g/L L−プロリン;100mg/L カザミノ酸;50g/L スクロース;1mL/Lの1mg/mLストック2,4−D)等の適切なインキュベーション培地上に播き、25℃暗所で一晩インキュベートする。得られた外植体をメッシュスクエア(mesh square)(1プレート当たり30〜40個)に移し、次に30〜45分間浸透圧培地に移し、その後ビーミングプレート(beaming plate)に移す(例えば、PCT出願WO200138514および米国特許第5,240,842号参照)。
Claims (20)
- 複数種の分離菌株から染色体外DNA分子の混合群を作出する段階;
該染色体外DNA分子の混合群由来の核酸配列を含むメタゲノム配列データセットを構築する段階;
該メタゲノム配列データセットの配列データを処理して、少なくとも1つの核酸配列コンティグを定義する段階;および
段階(c)で得られた少なくとも1つの核酸配列コンティグと、既知の生体毒素配列とを比較することによって、生体毒素をコードする核酸配列を同定する段階、
を含む、生体毒素をコードする核酸配列を同定する方法。 - 前記分離菌株の分類学的分類を決定する段階をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記複数種の分離菌株が、少なくとも1種の生体毒素を産生する能力について予備選択されている、請求項1記載の方法。
- 段階(d)から同定された前記核酸配列が新規生体毒素をコードしているかどうかを決定する段階をさらに含み、同定された新規毒素の核酸配列がいかなる既知の生体毒素配列とも30%未満の配列同一性しか共有していない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記複数種の分離菌株が少なくとも12種の分離菌株を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記分離菌株のうちの少なくとも1種が細菌である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記細菌が、バシラス属、ブレビバシラス属、クロストリジウム属、パエニバシラス属、フォトラブダス属、シュードモナス属、セラチア属、ストレプトマイセス属、およびゼノラブダス属からなる群から選択される属の細菌である、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記メタゲノム配列データセットが、分子クローニングを除く直接配列決定法によって作成される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の方法によって同定された核酸配列を含む、単離された核酸分子。
- 高度にストリンジェントな条件下で、配列表中のヌクレオチド配列のうちのいずれか1つ、その相補体、もしくはそのいずれかの断片にハイブリダイズする、核酸配列;または
配列表中のヌクレオチド配列のうちのいずれか1つ、その相補体、もしくはそのいずれかの断片に対し70%以上の配列同一性を示す、核酸配列;または
配列表中のアミノ酸配列のうちのいずれか1つに対し50%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列をコードする、核酸配列
を含む、単離された核酸分子。 - 異種核酸に機能的に連結されている請求項10記載の核酸分子を含む、核酸構築体。
- 請求項11記載の核酸構築体を含む、宿主細胞。
- 植物細胞または微生物細胞である、請求項12記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項12記載の宿主細胞を含む、宿主生物。
- 請求項14記載の宿主生物に由来する、生物試料または子孫。
- 請求項10記載の核酸分子を生物に導入する段階を含み、該核酸分子が転写されることにより、該生物の有害生物に対する抵抗性が対照生物と比較して上昇する、生物に殺虫活性を付与するための方法。
- 高度にストリンジェントな条件下で、配列表中のヌクレオチド配列のうちのいずれか1つ、その相補体、もしくはそのいずれかの断片とハイブリダイズする、核酸配列;または
配列表中のヌクレオチド配列のうちのいずれか1つ、その相補体、もしくはそのいずれかの断片に対し70%以上の配列同一性を示す、核酸配列;または
配列表中のアミノ酸配列のうちのいずれか1つに対し50%以上の配列同一性を示すアミノ酸配列をコードする、核酸配列
を含む核酸分子によってコードされる、単離されたポリペプチド。 - 殺虫活性を有する、請求項17記載のポリペプチド。
- 請求項18記載のポリペプチドを含む、組成物。
- 有害生物に、殺虫有効量の請求項18記載のポリペプチドを接触または摂食させる段階を含む、有害生物を制御するための方法。
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CN103946393A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
EP2744920A2 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
WO2013028563A3 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
US20130227743A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
WO2013028563A2 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
MX2014002027A (es) | 2014-11-10 |
EP2744920A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
JP6230125B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
AU2018200012A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
CA2844913A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
EA201490480A1 (ru) | 2014-06-30 |
BR112014003911A2 (pt) | 2017-03-14 |
AU2018200012A8 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
EA025208B1 (ru) | 2016-11-30 |
AU2012299142A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
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