JP2014525646A - 貯水器を有する、冷却剤流れ場が密閉された燃料電池発電装置の制御装置 - Google Patents
貯水器を有する、冷却剤流れ場が密閉された燃料電池発電装置の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
制御装置は、膜電極アセンブリ(「MEA」)を含んだ少なくとも一つの燃料セルを含み、その膜電極アセンブリは、そのアノード触媒面とその反対側のカソード触媒面との間に配置されたプロトン交換膜(「PEM」)を有する。アノード流れ場がアノード触媒面および燃料入口管と流体連通するように画定されて、燃料入口管からの水素リッチの燃料反応物流れをアノード触媒面に近接して案内し、アノード排出管を通してその燃料反応物流れをアノード流れ場からアノード排出流として排出させるように案内する。カソード流れ場がカソード触媒面および酸化剤源と流体連通するように画定されて、酸化剤入口管からの酸化剤反応物流れをカソード触媒面に近接して案内し、カソード排出管を通してその酸化剤反応物流れをカソード流れ場からカソード排出流として排出させるように案内する。
反応物流れ16A,16Bの相対湿度が1.00を下回る場合は常に、貯水器18A,18Bから反応物流れ16A,16Bへの水14の移動を制御する。さらに、制御装置10は、反応物流れ16A,16Bの相対湿度を燃料セル20の電力出力と連係させる。特に、燃料セル20によって発生する電力が燃料セル20の最大電力出力の約80%〜約100%の間である場合は常に、水14を貯水器18A,18Bのうちの少なくとも一つから反応物流れ16A,16Bのうちの少なくとも一つへと移動させる。燃料セル20によって発生する電力が燃料セル20の最大電力出力の約75%を下回る場合は常に、水14を反応物流れ16A,16Bのうちの少なくとも一つから貯水器18A,18Bのうちの少なくとも一つへと移動させる。(ここでの目的上、用語「約」は、±5%を意味するものである。)好ましい実施例では、燃料セル20は、その運転時間の50%の間、好ましくはその運転時間の75%の間、水14を反応物流れ16A,16Bのうちの少なくとも一つから貯水器18A,18Bのうちの少なくとも一つへと移動させるように構成される。従って、制御装置10および燃料セル20は、燃料セル20の運転時間の50%の間、好ましくはその運転時間の75%の間、燃料セル20がその最大電力出力の約75%未満の電力出力を発生させるように構成される。
Claims (10)
- 酸化剤反応物流れ(16A)および水素リッチの燃料反応物流れ(16B)から電流を発生させる燃料電池発電装置(12)の制御装置(10)であって、
a.少なくとも一つの燃料セル(20)であって、プロトン交換膜(23)を有する膜電極アセンブリ(22)を含むとともに、該プロトン交換膜(23)は、該膜電極アセンブリ(22)のアノード触媒面(24)と、その反対側のカソード触媒面(26)と、の間に配置されており、アノード流れ場(28)が、前記アノード触媒面(24)と、燃料入口管(30)と、流体連通するように画定されて、前記燃料入口管(30)から前記水素リッチの燃料反応物流れ(16B)を前記アノード触媒面(24)に近接して案内するとともに、アノード排出管(34)を通して前記水素リッチの燃料反応物流れ(16B)をアノード排出流として該アノード流れ場(28)から排出するように案内し、カソード流れ場(36)が、前記カソード触媒面(26)と、前記酸化剤の供給源(38)と、流体連通するように画定されて、酸化剤入口管(40)から前記酸化剤反応物流れ(16A)を前記カソード触媒面(26)に近接して案内するとともに、カソード排出管(42)を通して前記酸化剤反応物流れ(16A)をカソード排出流として該カソード流れ場(36)から排出するように案内する、少なくとも一つの燃料セル(20)と、
b.密閉された冷却剤流れ場(44)であって、前記アノード流れ場(28)および前記カソード流れ場(36)の一つと熱交換関係に取り付けられて、冷却流体を、冷却剤ループ(48)の冷却剤入口(46)から前記冷却剤流れ場(44)を通して案内するとともに、該冷却剤ループ(48)の冷却剤出口(50)を通して案内し、前記冷却剤ループ(48)が、前記冷却剤流れ場(44)内の前記冷却流体の温度を調節するように構成された、密閉された冷却剤流れ場(44)と、
c.少なくとも一つの貯水器(18A,18B)であって、前記アノード流れ場(28)および前記カソード流れ場(36)のうち少なくとも一つと流体連通するように取り付けられるとともに、前記密閉された冷却剤流れ場(44)から流体的に分離されるように取付けられて、水を前記貯水器(18A,18B)から、前記アノード流れ場および前記カソード流れ場(28,36)の少なくとも一つにある前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)へと移動させ、かつ、水(14)を前記アノード流れ場および前記カソード流れ場(28,36)の少なくとも一つにある前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)から、該少なくとも一つの貯水器(18A,18B)へと移動させるように構成された、少なくとも一つの貯水器(18A,18B)と、
d.相対湿度コントローラ(62)であって、前記燃料セル(20)によって発生する電力が該燃料セル(20)の所定の最大電力出力の約80%〜約100%の間である場合は常に、水(14)を前記貯水器(18A,18B)から前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)へと移動させ、かつ、前記燃料セル(20)によって発生する電力が該燃料セル(20)の所定の最大電力出力の約75%を下回る場合は常に、水(14)を前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)から前記貯水器(18A,18B)へと移動させるべく、前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)の圧力と、前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)の流量と、前記密閉された冷却剤流れ場(44)の前記冷却流体の温度と、のうち少なくとも一つを選択的に制御するために、前記燃料電池発電装置(12)と連通するように取り付けられた相対湿度コントローラ(62)と、
を備えた制御装置(10)。 - 相対湿度センサ(60)手段であって、前記アノード流れ場(28)および前記カソード流れ場(36)のうちの少なくとも一つを通流する前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)と連通するように取り付けられるとともに、感知した前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)の相対湿度に関する情報を前記相対湿度コントローラ(62)に伝達するように、該相対湿度コントローラ(62)と連通するように取り付けられた、相対湿度センサ(60)手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の制御装置(10)。
- 前記相対湿度センサ(60)手段が、前記カソード排出管(42)と連通するように取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の制御装置(10)。
- 前記相対湿度コントローラ(62)が、前記燃料入口管(30)に取り付けられた燃料入口弁(68)と、前記酸化剤入口管(40)に取り付けられた酸化剤入口弁(72)と、前記酸化剤入口管(40)に取り付けられた酸化剤ブロワ(76)と、前記アノード排出管(34)に取り付けられたアノード排出弁(86)と、前記カソード排出管(42)に取り付けられたカソード排出弁(82)と、前記冷却剤ループ(48)と、のうち少なくとも一つと連通するように取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の制御装置(10)。
- 前記貯水器(18A,18B)が、前記膜電極アセンブリ(22)の前記カソード触媒面(26)と流体連通するように取り付けられたカソード多孔質体(92)と、前記膜電極アセンブリ(22)の前記アノード触媒面(24)と流体連通するように取り付けられたアノード多孔質体(90)と、のうち少なくとも一つに画定された複数の細孔をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の制御装置(10)。
- 前記貯水器(18A,18B)は、前記燃料セル(20)の電力出力が該燃料セル(20)の所定の最大電力出力の約80%〜約100%の間にある所定の継続時間の間、前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)の前記相対湿度を約1.00に維持するように十分な体積の水(14)を保持する大きさにされた、水保持容積を画定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の制御装置(10)。
- 前記貯水器(18A,18B)は、前記燃料セル(20)の電力出力が該燃料セル(20)の所定の最大電力出力の約80%〜約100%の間にある前記所定の継続時間が、5分であるときは常に、前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)の前記相対湿度を約1.00に維持するように適切な水保持容積を画定することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の制御装置(10)。
- 燃料セル(20)を通流する反応物流れ(16A,16B)の相対湿度量を制御するための、請求項1に記載の密閉された冷却剤流れ場を備えた燃料電池発電装置(12)の運転方法であって、
a.アノード流れ場(28)およびカソード流れ場(36)の少なくとも一つの反応物流れ(16A,16B)の圧力と、アノード流れ場(28)およびカソード流れ場(36)の少なくとも一つを通流する反応物流れ(16A,16B)の流量と、密閉された冷却剤流れ場(44)を通流する冷却流体の温度と、密閉された冷却剤流れ場(44)を通流する冷却流体の流量と、のうち少なくとも一つを制御し、それにより、
b.燃料セル(20)によって発生する電力が該燃料セル(20)の最大電力出力の約80%〜約100%の間である場合は常に、水(14)を貯水器(18A,18B)から反応物流れ(16A,16B)へと移動させ、かつ、燃料セル(20)によって発生する電力が該燃料セル(20)の最大電力出力の約75%を下回る場合は常に、水(14)を反応物流れ(16A,16B)から貯水器(18A,18B)へと移動させる、
ことを備えた燃料電池発電装置(12)の運転方法。 - 前記燃料セル(20)の電力出力が該燃料セル(20)の所定の最大電力出力の約80%〜約100%の間にある所定の継続時間の間、前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)の前記相対湿度を約1.00に維持するように、前記貯水器(18A,18B)内に適切な体積の水(14)を保持することをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の運転方法。
- 前記反応物流れ(16A,16B)から貯水器(18A,18B)へと水(14)を移動させるように制御することが、膜電極アセンブリ(22)のカソード触媒面(26)と流体連通するように取り付けられたカソード多孔質体(92)と、前記膜電極アセンブリ(22)のアノード触媒面(24)と流体連通するように取り付けられたアノード多孔質体(90)と、のうち少なくとも一つに画定された複数の細孔へと水を移動させるように制御することを備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の運転方法。
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