JP2014518862A - 薬物送達用ポリマーナノ粒子 - Google Patents
薬物送達用ポリマーナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014518862A JP2014518862A JP2014509876A JP2014509876A JP2014518862A JP 2014518862 A JP2014518862 A JP 2014518862A JP 2014509876 A JP2014509876 A JP 2014509876A JP 2014509876 A JP2014509876 A JP 2014509876A JP 2014518862 A JP2014518862 A JP 2014518862A
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- nanoparticles
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Abstract
Description
(i)ブロックコポリマーはブロックA及びDを含み;
(ii)ブロックAはモノマー単位B及びCを含む第一のポリマーからなり、ここでBは炭素原子の総数が≦30の脂肪族ジカルボン酸であり、そしてCはジヒドロキシ又はジアミノモノマーであり;そして
(iii)ブロックDは、エステル又はエーテル結合を含有し、ヒドロキシル価≧10を有する炭化水素鎖を含む第二のポリマーからなる。
(i)ブロックコポリマーはブロックA及びDを含み;
(ii)ブロックAはモノマー単位B及びCを含む第一のポリマーからなり、ここでBは炭素原子の総数が≦30の脂肪族ジカルボン酸であり、そしてCはジヒドロキシ又はジアミノモノマーであり;
(iii)ブロックDは、エステル又はエーテル結合を含有し、ヒドロキシル価≧10を有する炭化水素鎖を含む第二のポリマーからなり;そして
(iv)組成物は任意にビヒクルをさらに含む。
i)ブロックコポリマーと活性薬剤(単数又は複数)(存在する場合)を拡散媒に溶解して第一の溶液を形成し;
ii)前記第一の溶液を分散媒と混合して、前記ブロックコポリマーと前記活性薬剤(単数又は複数)(存在する場合)を含む沈殿ナノ粒子、及び拡散媒と分散媒を含む液相を形成させ;そして
iii)ナノ粒子を液相から分離する
ことを含み、
ここで、拡散媒は、ブロックコポリマーと活性薬剤(単数又は複数)(存在する場合)が可溶性である溶媒を含み、分散媒は、ブロックコポリマーと活性薬剤(単数又は複数)(存在する場合)が不溶性である溶媒を含み、そして拡散媒と分散媒は混和性である。
iv)ナノ粒子をビヒクル中に再懸濁させる
工程を含む。
i)ブロックコポリマーを水非混和性溶媒中に溶解し;
ii)活性薬剤(存在する場合)を水混和性溶媒中に溶解し;
iii)油中水エマルションを形成させ;そして
iv)第一の溶媒を蒸発させてナノ粒子を形成させる
ことを含む。ここで、水非混和性溶媒と水混和性溶媒は非混和性である。
i)ブロックコポリマーを水非混和性溶媒中に溶解し;
ii)活性薬剤(存在する場合)を水混和性溶媒中に溶解し;
iii)油中水エマルションを形成させ;
iv)前記油中水エマルションを、ポリマー性界面活性剤を含有する水混和性溶媒中に分散させ;
v)水中油中水エマルションを形成させ;そして
vi)水中油中水エマルションをろ過してナノ粒子を得る
ことを含む。ここで、水非混和性溶媒と水混和性溶媒(単数又は複数)は非混和性である。
ii)活性薬剤(存在する場合)を水混和性溶媒中に溶解し;
iii)水中油エマルションを形成させ;
iv)前記水中油エマルションを、ポリマー性界面活性剤を含有する水非混和性溶媒中に分散させ;
v)油中水中油エマルションを形成させ;そして
vi)油中水中油エマルションをろ過してナノ粒子を得る。
ここで、水非混和性溶媒と水混和性溶媒(単数又は複数)は非混和性である。
ii)前記ナノ粒子を活性薬剤の濃縮溶液とインキュベートし;そして
iii)前記活性薬剤を含むナノ粒子を液相から分離する。
ii)前記ナノ粒子を活性薬剤の濃縮溶液とインキュベートし;
iii)前記活性薬剤を含むナノ粒子を液相から分離し;そして
iv)ナノ粒子をビヒクル中に再懸濁させる。
12gのグルタル酸(0.09モル)と11.1gの1,8−オクタンジオール(0.08モル)を電子レンジ(マイクロ波オーブン)(Discovery CEM)中で出力100Wで1時間反応させる。作業は真空下(100mbar)で実施され、圧縮空気による系の冷却によって温度を一定の120℃に維持する。こうして硬質ブロックが生成する。
拡散媒はアセトンで、その中に実施例1のブロックコポリマーを10、20及び50mg/mlの濃度で、そしてパクリタキセルをブロックコポリマーの3重量%の量で溶解した。分散媒は、Milli−Q水、メタノール又はエタノールを含んでいた。
実施例2で製造されたナノ粒子のサイズ及び多分散性を、動的光散乱により、Zetasizer(Malvern Instruments,UK)を用い、散乱角90°及び温度25℃で、ろ過水で適切に希釈されたサンプルを用いて分析した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例2.6で製造されたナノ粒子のゼータ電位を、電気泳動移動度からゼータ電位値を得るために、Smoluchowsky定数1.5を用い、電気泳動分析装置にて分析した。ゼータ電位は−35〜−40mVの範囲であることが分かった。
実施例2で製造されたナノ粒子の、活性薬剤封入効率、活性薬剤取込み、活性薬剤放出プロフィール及び動力学的分解プロフィールを、HPLC分析により、逆相C−18カラムを用い、アセトニトリル/水(70/30 v/v)で定組成溶離して決定した。流速は1ml/分に固定し、検出は227nmにおけるUV検出によって得た。表3に、活性薬剤封入効率及び活性薬剤取込みデータを示す。
グリオーマ細胞株に対する装飾パクリタキセル担持ナノ粒子の毒性を、パクリタキセル及び空のナノ粒子のそれと比較して観察するためにクローン原性アッセイ(clonogenic assay)を実施し、長期作用(2〜3週間の増殖)におけるIC50値を決定した。表面改質剤(配列番号5)あり又はなしのナノ粒子を、実施例2の方法に従い、パクリタキセルを含めて又は含めずに形成した。
表面改質剤を含むパクリタキセル担持ナノ粒子の健常脳細胞株に対する細胞毒性を、パクリタキセル及び空のナノ粒子のそれと比較して決定するためにATP−liteアッセイを48〜72時間にわたって実施し、IC50値を決定した。
結果を図7に示す。空のナノ粒子は試験した全濃度範囲で無毒であり、従ってIC50>500nMである。パクリタキセル及び装飾パクリタキセル担持ナノ粒子は、同様の毒性を示し、IC50値は約100nMである。50μMではエトポシドで処理された細胞の12%しか生存しなかった。
結果を図8に示す。ここでも空のナノ粒子は試験範囲全体を通して無毒であった。パクリタキセル担持ナノ粒子は、濃度と共に毒性が増大するわずかな傾向を示したが、IC50>500nMを示した。DMSO:生理食塩水に溶解したパクリタキセルは100〜500nMのIC50を示し、生理食塩水では>500nMを示した。エトポシドは、アストロサイトでの試験と同様に挙動し、50μMで21%の生存率を示した。
結果を図9に示す。ここでも空のナノ粒子は試験された全範囲を通して無毒であった。パクリタキセル担持ナノ粒子は、濃度と共に毒性が増大する一定の傾向を示し、IC50はおよそ500nMであった。DMSO:生理食塩水に溶解したパクリタキセルは約2nM、生理食塩水では57nMのIC50を示した。エトポシドは、50μMで3%の生存率を示した。
試験材料
ラットを体重に基づいて無作為化した(4群、3匹/群、合計12匹)。活性薬剤担持ナノ粒子組成物を5、10及び20mg/kg/注射で調製した。試験に使用されたナノ粒子は、凍結乾燥されたもので、等張であり、0.45ミクロンメッシュを通して難なくろ過できる。
ラットを体重に基づいて無作為化した(4群、3匹/群、合計12匹)。試験される活性薬剤担持ナノ粒子組成物を3つの用量で調製する。
U−87MGヒトグリオーマ細胞株をインビトロで増幅する。44匹の雌ヌードラットに放射線照射する。次に、ラット脳内へのU−87MGヒトグリオーマ細胞の同所注射を実施する。Gd−DTPA造影剤を麻酔下で全ラットの尾静脈に1つの時点で静脈内注射した後、腫瘍形態を評価するためにMRI分析を実施する(44匹、44スキャン)。得られた画像を分析して腫瘍容積を決定する。ラットを体重及び腫瘍容積に基づいて無作為化する(5群、8匹/群、40匹)。試験物質は3つの用量で調製し、テモゾロミドは50mg/kg/注射で調製する。
38匹のヌードラットを個体の体重に従って3匹の1群と5匹の7群に無作為化した。各群の平均体重は他と違わない(分散分析)。ラットのモニターは上記のように実施する。
本発明の代表的ナノ粒子の放出プロフィールを決定した。実施例2に従い、3wt%のパクリタキセル含有量を用いて製造された、0.1Mリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)及び10%のエタノールの溶液(2ml)中ナノ粒子を、透析バッグ(8〜10kDa)に導入した。透析バッグを、37℃、4mlの0.1M PBS中に150rpmで撹拌しながら沈めた。放出されたパクリタキセルのパーセンテージを一連の時点で測定した。結果を表11及び図10に示す。
Claims (26)
- ブロックコポリマーと、任意に一つ又は複数の活性薬剤とを含むナノ粒子であって、
(i)ブロックコポリマーはブロックA及びDを含み;
(ii)ブロックAはモノマー単位B及びCを含む第一のポリマーからなり、ここでBは炭素原子の総数が≦30の脂肪族ジカルボン酸であり、そしてCはジヒドロキシ又はジアミノモノマーであり;
(iii)ブロックDは、エステル又はエーテル結合を含有し、ヒドロキシル価≧10を有する炭化水素鎖を含む第二のポリマーからなる
ナノ粒子。 - Aが、式−[(B−C)n−B]−を有し、式中、nは各ブロックAのために独立に選ばれる少なくとも1の数的添字である、請求項1に記載のナノ粒子。
- Cが、4〜10個の炭素原子を含む直鎖脂肪族ジオールである、請求項1又は2に記載のナノ粒子。
- Cが1,8−オクタンジオールである、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- Bが4〜10個の炭素原子を含む、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- Bが5〜10個の炭素原子を含む、請求項5に記載のナノ粒子。
- Dが、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリアミドアミン、ポリアミン、ポリオール及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選ばれる、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- ナノ粒子が少なくとも一つの活性薬剤を組み込んでいる、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- 少なくとも一つの活性薬剤が、−1.0〜+5.6のlogP値を有する、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- 少なくとも一つの活性薬剤が、ドセタキセル及びパクリタキセルを含む群から選ばれる、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- ナノ粒子が、一つ又は複数の表面改質剤を前記ナノ粒子に共有結合させるのに適切な一つ又は複数のカップリング剤を含む、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- ナノ粒子が、少なくとも一つの表面改質剤を結合又は組み込んでいる、前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記少なくとも一つの表面改質剤が、診断薬、標的化剤、イメージング剤、及び治療薬からなる群から選ばれる、請求項11に記載のナノ粒子。
- 少なくとも一つの表面改質剤が、チオール化ポリマー、蛍光色素分子、BBBシグナルペプチド及びRGDSを含む群から選ばれる、請求項11又は12に記載のナノ粒子。
- 少なくとも一つの表面改質剤が、配列番号1、2、3又は4を含むペプチドである、請求項11、12又は13に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記請求項のいずれかに記載のナノ粒子及びビヒクルを含む組成物。
- 前記ビヒクルが製薬学的に許容可能な希釈剤又は賦形剤である医薬組成物である、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- ビヒクルが極性液体である、請求項17又は18に記載の組成物。
- ビヒクルが生体液である、請求項17〜19のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜16に記載のナノ粒子の製造法であって、
i)ブロックコポリマーと活性薬剤(存在する場合)を拡散媒に溶解して第一の溶液を形成し;
ii)前記第一の溶液を分散媒と混合して、前記ブロックコポリマーと前記活性薬剤(存在する場合)を含む沈殿ナノ粒子、及び拡散媒と分散媒を含む液相を形成させ;そして
iii)ナノ粒子を液相から分離する
ことを含み、
ここで、拡散媒は、ブロックコポリマーと活性薬剤(存在する場合)が可溶性である溶媒を含み、分散媒は、ブロックコポリマーと活性薬剤(存在する場合)が不溶性である溶媒を含み、そして拡散媒と分散媒は混和性である
製造法。 - 請求項21に記載の工程を含み、さらに、
iv)ナノ粒子をビヒクル中に再懸濁させる
工程を含む、請求項17〜20のいずれかに記載の組成物の製造法。 - 請求項1〜20に記載の活性薬剤含有ナノ粒子及び組成物の製造法であって、方法は、活性薬剤を含む少なくとも一つの液体媒体の使用を含み、活性薬剤は液体媒体中に溶解されている製造法。
- 請求項1〜16に記載の活性薬剤含有ナノ粒子の製造法であって、前記方法は、
i)ナノ粒子を製造し;
ii)前記ナノ粒子を活性薬剤の濃縮溶液とインキュベートし;そして
iii)前記活性薬剤を含むナノ粒子を液相から分離する
工程を含む方法。 - 請求項17〜20のいずれかに記載の活性薬剤含有組成物の製造法であって、前記方法は、請求項24に記載の工程を含み、さらに
iv)ナノ粒子をビヒクル中に再懸濁させる
工程を含む方法。
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