JP2014514924A - 二溶媒方法による中性脂質の抽出 - Google Patents
二溶媒方法による中性脂質の抽出 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、「バイオ燃料、クロロフィルおよびカロテノイドを産出する方法」(Methods of Producing Biofuels, Chlorohylls and Carotenoids)という表題の、2011年5月31日に出願された、2011年5月31日に申請された、米国特許出願第13/149,595号の、米国特許法121条に基づく利益を主張する。米国特許出願第13/149,595号は、「藻類からの栄養価のある産物を単離するための方法およびシステム」(Methods of and Systems for Isolating Nutraceutical Products from Algae)という表題の、2011年4月6日に申請された米国特許出願第13/081,221号の優先権を主張する一部継続出願であり、米国特許出願第13/081,221号は、「油性物質からの油およびタンパク質性物質の抽出および画分化」(Extraction with Fractionation of Oil andProteinaceous Material from Oleaginous Material)という表題の2010年4月6日に申請された米国特許仮出願第61/321,290号、および「油性物質からの油および副産物の画分化による抽出」(Extraction With Fractionation of Oil and Co−Products from Oleaginous Material)という表題の、2010年4月6日に申請された米国特許仮出願第61/321,286号に対する優先権を主張し、その全ての内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書で使用する「導管」という用語、または任意のその変形は、流体がそれを通って運ばれ得る任意の構造を含む。導管の非限定例には、パイプ、チューブ、チャンネルまたは他の封入構造を含む。
藻類からの油の溶媒抽出のために、最良のケースシナリオは、選択的にトリアセチルグリセロール(TAG)を抽出し、ワックス、ステロールのような、全ての極性脂質および非TAG中性脂質を、高回収にて藻類細胞中に残す溶媒である。第二の選択肢は、極性脂質を選択的に抽出し、ついで極性脂質を欠くより純粋な中性脂質を抽出して、高回収をもたらすことであろう。最後のオプションは、全ての脂質を抽出し、1または2段階で、非常に高収率が達成されることであろう。
40%w/w湿潤バイオマスに対して、IPAに対する湿潤バイオマスの比は(1−0.55)/0.6〜0.75である。
微小緑藻類であるイカダモ(Scendesmus dimorphus(SD))を、野外パネル光バイオリアクタ中で培養した。種々の液体含量のSD試料を採集した。遠心によるバルク水の除去後、藻類試料を3〜5cm藻類ケーキとして、使用まで−80℃にて保存した。湿潤藻類バイオマスの事前に計算した量(15グラム乾燥藻類重量等価物)と90mLのエタノール溶媒を、濃縮器、機械的攪拌機および熱電温度計を備える三首フラスコ内に加えた。1つの実験において、混合物をマイクロ波照射下、10分間かん流した。第二の実験では、混合物を電気加熱にて1時間、かん流した。その後、混合液を室温まで冷却し、濾過によって透析物と残余物に分離した。
藻類バイオマスからのタンパク質の抽出
(1)酸浸出:藻類バイオマスを、pH4.5にて1時間、水中に浸した。試料をついで3000rpmにて3分間遠心し、上清を除去した。残っている固体を、希釈酸(pH4.5)で3回洗浄し、凍結乾燥させた。
海水藻類バイオマスからのタンパク質の抽出
最初に海水中約1〜10%w/w固体からなる海水藻類培養物を、50℃まで熱し、この温度にて1時間維持した。得られたスラリーを遠心して、液体相を固体相から分離した。液体相が、グロブリンタンパク質が豊富であることを測定した(本来の藻類バイオマス中に存在する総タンパク質の約10%)。
エタノールによる藻類バイオマスの段階画分化と抽出
1000ポンド(約454kg)のナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis)バイオマス(Arizona State University,Laboratory for Algae Research and Biotechnology、ATCC寄託番号PTA−11048から得た、株202.0より培養した)を採集し、藻類が約35%w/wを含むまで脱水し、ついで最終的に凍結した。
エタノールによる、藻類バイオマスの脱水と抽出
採集時、藻類バイオマスは典型的に、約0.1〜0.5%(w/w)固体を含む。これは、膜濾過、遠心、加熱、沈降または浮選を含むが、限定はされない、藻類産業にて公知の任意の方法を用いて脱水することができる。凝集が、浮選または沈降いずれかにおいて補助可能である。そのような方法の典型的な結果は、約10%w/wの固体を含む藻類スラリーである。さらに脱水するために、他の脱水方法を使用して、残っている遊離水のいくらかを除去し、40%w/wに近い固体濃度を得ることができる。しかしながら、脱水のコストは、最初の脱水を実施した後、飛躍的に増加する。本明細書で開示するシステムおよび方法の利点は、たった一回の脱水ラウンドを実施した藻類質量の抽出および画分化を可能にすることである。
参考文献
以下の参考文献は、参照することにより、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
米国特許第7,148,366号明細書
Claims (15)
- 藻類からクロロフィルおよびオメガ−3が豊富な油を単離する方法であって、
a.流体媒体中に懸濁した実質的に無傷の藻類細胞を脱水して、藻類バイオマスを作製することと、
b.藻類バイオマスから中性脂質、カロテノイドおよびクロロフィルを含む実質的に液体の画分を抽出することであって、前記中性脂質がオメガ−3脂肪酸を含むことと、
c.カロテノイドおよびクロロフィルを前記中性脂質から分離することと、
を含む方法。 - 前記分離することが、吸収および膜透析濾過のうちの少なくとも1つによって実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに、アルコールの存在下で、触媒により前記中性脂質をエステル化することと、およびグリセリンを含む水溶性画分を燃料エステルを含む水不溶性画分から分離することと、を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分離することが、吸着物質による吸着によって実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記分離することが、粘土による吸着によって実施される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記粘土が、漂白土、ベントナイトおよびフラー土からなる以下の群より選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 藻類からクロロフィルおよびオメガ−3が豊富な油を単離する方法であって、
a.実質的に無傷の藻類細胞を脱水して、藻類バイオマスを作製することと、
b.重量で約一部の藻類バイオマスに対して約一部のエタノールの比で、藻類バイオマスに第一のエタノール画分を加えることと、
c.第一の実質的に固体のバイオマス画分をタンパク質を含む第一の実質的に液体の画分から分離することと、
d.重量で約1部の固体に対して約1部のエタノールの比で、前記第一の実質的に固体のバイオマス画分を、第二のエタノール画分と混合することと、
e.第二の実質的に固体のバイオマスを極性脂質を含む第二の実質的に液体の画分から分離することと、
f.重量で約1部の実質的に固体のバイオマスに対して約1部のエタノールの比で、前記第二の実質的に固体のバイオマス画分を、第三のエタノール溶媒画分と混合することと、
g.第三の実質的に固体のバイオマス画分をオメガ−3脂肪酸、カルテノイドおよびクロロフィルを含む、中性脂質を含む第三の実質的に液体の画分から分離することであって、前記第三の実質的に固体のバイオマス画分が炭水化物を含むことと、
h.カロテノイド、クロロフィルおよびオメガ−3脂肪酸のうちの少なくとも1つを前記第三の実質的に液体の画分から単離することと、
を含む方法。 - 前記第一、第二および第三溶媒組のうちの少なくとも1つがエタノールを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第一、第二および第三溶媒組のうちの少なくとも1つがアルコールを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- アルコールの存在下で、触媒により中性脂質をエステル化することと、およびグリセリンを含む水溶性画分を燃料エステルを含む水不溶性画分から分離することと、をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 真空下で、燃料エステルを蒸留して、C16またはより短い燃料エステル画分、C16またはより長い燃料エステル画分、およびオメガ−3脂肪酸を含む残余物を得ることをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ジェット燃料ブレンドストックを得るために、C16またはより短い燃料エステル画分および/またはディーゼルブレンドストックを得るために、C16またはより長い燃料画分を脱酸素化することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記単離することが、吸着物質による吸着によって実施される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記単離することが、粘土による吸着によって実施される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記粘土が、漂白土、ベントナイトおよびフラー土からなる以下の群より選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/081,221 US8084038B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2011-04-06 | Methods of and systems for isolating nutraceutical products from algae |
US13/081,221 | 2011-04-06 | ||
US13/149,595 US8115022B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2011-05-31 | Methods of producing biofuels, chlorophylls and carotenoids |
US13/149,595 | 2011-05-31 | ||
US13/274,201 US8242296B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-14 | Products from step-wise extraction of algal biomasses |
US13/274,201 | 2011-10-14 | ||
PCT/US2012/027537 WO2012138438A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2012-03-02 | Methods of producing biofuels, chlorophylls and carotenoids |
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AU (1) | AU2012240608A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112013025609A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2829481A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2013011520A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG193373A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012138438A1 (ja) |
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JP2021521882A (ja) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-08-30 | ナノ アルジー ソリューションズ アーゲー | エイコサペンタエン酸オイル組成物を提供するための新規なプロセス |
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US8273248B1 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2012-09-25 | Heliae Development, Llc | Extraction of neutral lipids by a two solvent method |
US8475660B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2013-07-02 | Heliae Development, Llc | Extraction of polar lipids by a two solvent method |
US8308951B1 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2012-11-13 | Heliae Development, Llc | Extraction of proteins by a two solvent method |
US8115022B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2012-02-14 | Heliae Development, Llc | Methods of producing biofuels, chlorophylls and carotenoids |
MX2012011558A (es) | 2010-04-06 | 2013-02-21 | Heliae Dev Llc | Metodos y sistemas para producir biocombustible. |
WO2013052598A1 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-11 | Heliae Development, Llc | Method of producing biofuels from algal cell culture |
WO2013075116A2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2013-05-23 | Heliae Development, Llc | Omega 7 rich compositions and methods of isolating omega 7 fatty acids |
US9243207B2 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2016-01-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Solvent extraction of products from algae |
CN103058462B (zh) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种双体系串联净化染料废水的方法 |
CN104628734B (zh) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-06-30 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | 一种微藻叶绿素的脱除方法 |
CN107874253A (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 国家开发投资公司 | 一种富含γ‑亚麻酸的螺旋藻糖脂制备方法 |
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- 2012-03-02 CN CN201280017432.2A patent/CN103492541A/zh active Pending
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JP2021521882A (ja) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-08-30 | ナノ アルジー ソリューションズ アーゲー | エイコサペンタエン酸オイル組成物を提供するための新規なプロセス |
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KR20140010972A (ko) | 2014-01-27 |
NZ615225A (en) | 2015-11-27 |
SG193373A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
MX2013011520A (es) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2675877A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
CN103492541A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
AU2012240608A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
CA2829481A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
WO2012138438A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
BR112013025609A2 (pt) | 2016-12-27 |
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