JP2014510934A - 光透過を制御するための層配列 - Google Patents
光透過を制御するための層配列 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/06—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles using polarising effect
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/132—Thermal activation of liquid crystals exhibiting a thermo-optic effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/281—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements
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- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
先行技術は、ここでは透明状態からより透明でない状態へ、たとえば、電圧が加えられたときに、不透明または実質的に非透明な状態へ可逆的に切替えることができる、コーティングを開示する。
さらに、US 7,042,615およびUS 7,099,062ではエレクトロクロミックコーティングが記載され、透明状態および非透明状態間のスイッチングが電圧の印加およびそれによってもたらされるイオン移動に影響される。
さらに、先行技術で知られている電気的に制御可能なコーティングは、電界が加えられたときに液晶媒体の分子の整列に基づくものである。そのようなコーティングは、US 4,268,126、US 4,641,922およびUS 5,940,150にとりわけ、開示されており、液晶媒体の動的光散乱効果にとりわけ基づく(動的光散乱)。
しかし、言及したコーティングは、放射エネルギーの流れを調整することを可能にするにもかかわらず、電気的に制御しなければならないという欠点を有する。たとえば、ウィンドウに電力供給デバイスおよび制御デバイスなどの電気的コンポーネントを導入することで、ウィンドウを製造するのにさらなるコストを伴い、このタイプのコーティングの欠陥および低い耐久性を受けやすくなる危険を引き起こす。さらに多くの場合、ウィンドウの電気的接続を得るために、著しい建設努力が必要となる。
本発明をもたらした研究により、このタイプの層配列によって達成することができる入射光への影響は、とくに温暖で暖かい気候帯において通常生ずるすべての要件を満たすことができないことがここで示された。
−第一の偏光層、
−温度に応じて光の偏光特性に影響を与えるスイッチング層、
−第二の偏光層
−および、さらに少なくとも1つのNIR透過防止層
を有する層配列を提供する本発明に従って達成される。
特に好ましい態様では、層配列のスイッチング層がねじれネマチック液晶層である。さらに直線的に光を偏光する偏光層が好ましい。
さらに好ましい態様によれば、デバイスが完全に温度で制御され、電気的に切り替え可能なものではないものである。この好ましい態様によれば、デバイスは、いかなる電気的接続、電極および/または導線も有さない。
さらに、本発明の発想の態様によれば、NIR透過防止層が色素を含む少なくとも1つの層を有することが提供される。色素含有層は、好ましくは、とくにNIR領域の光を吸収することができる、1または2以上の色素を含む。
NIR透過防止層は、薄膜法または印刷法を活用して適用することができる。
層の構造および組成に応じて、層がスパッタリングまたは熱分解スプレーにより適用されたものが有利であり得る。スパッタリングまたは熱分解スプレーによって金属または金属酸化物含有層を適用することは、ほかの用途の分野、たとえば、断熱ガラス窓ガラスの生産においてすでに知られている。
NIR透過防止層が熱蒸着により適用されたものであることは、同様に本発明の好ましい態様に相当する。
図1および図2は、本発明の層配列(1)の可能な態様について図示および例として示す。
偏光層(3a)および(3b)およびスイッチング層(2)に加えて、図1および2に例として示された層配列(1)はNIR透過防止層(4)を有する。NIR透過防止層(4)は、好ましくは、2つの示された例示的態様では、いずれも偏光層(3a)、スイッチング層(2)および偏光層(3b)の層配列の外側に配されるが、時には、層配列(1)内にもまた位置することもできる。
Claims (15)
- 入射光の透過をその温度に応じて変化させる層配列であって、該層配列が、第一の偏光層(3a)、前記温度に応じて光の偏光特性に影響を与えるスイッチング層(2)および第二の偏光層(3b)を有し、前記層配列(1)が、少なくとも1つのNIR透過防止層(4)をさらに有することを特徴とする、前記層配列。
- スイッチング層が、第一の温度範囲でネマチック相を形成し、かつ第二の温度範囲で等方相を形成する液晶媒体を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の層配列。
- 層配列のスイッチング層が、ねじれネマチック液晶層であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の層配列。
- NIR領域での層配列(1)による透明状態の透過の減少が、VIS領域での透過の減少よりも2倍、好ましくは2.08倍、特に好ましくは2.2倍および極めて特に好ましくは2.3倍より大きいことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、コレステリック液晶材料を含む少なくとも1つの層を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、セラミック材料を含む少なくとも1つの層を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、金属材料を含む少なくとも1つの層を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、交互に配置された3〜5つの金属酸化物層および金属層の一連からなることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、色素を含む少なくとも1つの層を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、金属材料を含む層と色素を含む層との組合せを有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、多層構造を有するNIR反射膜またはホイルからなり、その個々の層が、典型的には、異なる屈折率を有する少なくとも2つの材料からなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、薄膜法または印刷法を活用して適用されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、スパッタリングまたは熱分解スプレーにより適用されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- NIR透過防止層(4)が、熱蒸着により適用されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
- 層配列(1)が、基板層(5)として、ガラスシートまたはアクリルガラスシートに適用されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の層配列。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011009690 | 2011-01-28 | ||
DE102011009690.6 | 2011-01-28 | ||
US201161443453P | 2011-02-16 | 2011-02-16 | |
US61/443,453 | 2011-02-16 | ||
GB1103723.1 | 2011-03-04 | ||
GB1103723.1A GB2488765B (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | Layer arrangement for the regulation of light transmission |
PCT/EP2012/000024 WO2012100902A1 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-04 | Layer arrangement for the regulation of light transmission |
Publications (2)
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JP2014510934A true JP2014510934A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
JP6076261B2 JP6076261B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
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JP2013550796A Expired - Fee Related JP6076261B2 (ja) | 2011-01-28 | 2012-01-04 | 光透過を制御するための層配列 |
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US (1) | US9239476B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6076261B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103299018B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102012006231B4 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI589960B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012100902A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108490626A (zh) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-04 | 苏州大学 | 一种偏振分束元件和装置 |
WO2021070673A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-15 | ニッタ株式会社 | 遮光部材 |
KR20210054831A (ko) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | 김영석 | 테두리가 세라믹 코팅 처리된 복층 유리 |
WO2022209550A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | ニッタ株式会社 | 遮光部材 |
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DE102012006231A1 (de) | 2012-08-02 |
CN103299018B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
TW201237514A (en) | 2012-09-16 |
WO2012100902A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
US9239476B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
JP6076261B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
TWI589960B (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
CN103299018A (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
US20130308069A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
DE102012006231B4 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
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