JP2014224552A - Washer unit and washer unit installing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a washer unit capable of preventing positional deviation by improving shearing resistance.SOLUTION: A washer unit 10 used when fastening a pair of plate-like members 2, 3 comprises: a lower washer 11 fixed to or integrated with the plate-like members 2, 3, and an upper washer 12 paired with the lower washer 11. Engagement part having an uneven shape are formed on faces of the lower and upper washers opposed to each other. This improves shearing resistance, and prevents positional deviation of the pair of plate-like members 2, 3. Also, an insertion hole 14 is formed on the upper washer 11, so that a center line of an insertion hole of the upper washer 11 is arranged at a position deviated from a center line of an upper washer protrusion part 17 with an uneven shape, and at a position deviated from a centerline of a recess part 18 between adjacent upper washer protrusion parts 17. Thereby, by rotating the upper washer 12 by 180 degrees around a center line of the insertion hole 14 as a center, a relative position of the upper and lower washer protrusion parts 15, 17 is varied, and therefore, a pair of washer members can be engaged with each other while improving positional accuracy.

Description

  The present invention relates to a washer unit that is used by being pressed against a plate-like member when at least two plate-like members are overlapped and fastened using a rod-like fastening member, and a method for installing the washer unit.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when connecting a plurality of unit bodies, there is a technique in which a plate-like connector body is spanned from one unit body to the other unit body and adjacent unit bodies are connected to each other (for example, see Patent Document 1). . The connecting device described in Patent Document 1 is used, for example, when connecting concrete unit bodies. For example, embedded nuts are provided on both side surfaces of the unit body as means for fixing the connector main body to the unit body. It has been.

  In the connector main body, two bolt holes adapted to the interval between the embedded nuts provided in the adjacent unit bodies are arranged in parallel, and at least one of these two bolt holes is arranged in parallel with the bolt holes. It is formed as a long hole extending in the first direction. Moreover, the uneven | corrugated shape regularly arranged in the 1st direction as the engaging part for preventing the position shift with respect to the 1st direction is formed in the outer surface of the plate | board thickness direction of a connector main body.

  Similarly, the surface of the washer that is pressed against the outer surface of the connector main body is formed with an uneven shape that can be engaged with the uneven shape of the connector main body, and the washer and the connector main body engage with each other. Possible configuration. The bolt for fixing the connector body to the unit body is inserted into the bolt hole formed in the washer and the bolt hole of the connector body, tightened with the embedded nut, and washer pressed against the connector body. By engaging the uneven shape of the connector body with the uneven shape of the connector main body, positional deviation between adjacent unit bodies is prevented.

Japanese Patent No. 2530586

  When stacking a plurality of plate-shaped members in the plate thickness direction and tightening the plate-shaped members with bolts and nuts, there is a possibility that the positions of the bolt holes of the plurality of plate-shaped members to be tightened may not match due to an error. It is considered that the error can be absorbed by providing an allowance by using a bolt hole as a single circular expansion hole or a long hole.

  A long hole is more effective for absorbing a large amount of error than an enlarged hole of a single circle, but when a plate-like member having such a long hole is to be fastened, the plate-like member is longer than the long hole. In the above-mentioned conventional technology, the concave and convex shapes having a triangular cross section of the convex portion are provided on the facing surfaces of the connector main body and the washer and meshed with each other, thereby generating a shear resistance and causing a positional shift. It is preventing.

  In the above prior art, since the concave and convex shape having a triangular cross section is formed at a fine pitch in the direction to prevent the positional deviation, the followability to the positional deviation is relatively good and the position adjustment is easy. In such an uneven shape, high shear resistance cannot be generated.For example, when fixing a leg portion of a heavy structure such as a tower of a mobile girder construction machine used in special railway construction, Even a temporary structure requires high earthquake resistance, so high shear resistance is required. In addition, there is concern about the possibility of construction without fitting the concave and convex shapes having a triangular cross section to the back, and an improvement in shear resistance is required. If the shear resistance is low, the connector body may break if the magnitude of the earthquake becomes extremely large.

  In addition, when it is required to align the plate member with high accuracy with respect to a reference that is difficult to move, a pair of washers with concavo-convex shapes on the opposing surfaces is applied. The lower washer as one washer is fixed to one plate-like member by welding or the like, the upper washer as the other washer is engaged with the lower washer, and the upper washer and the lower washer are combined into a plurality of plate-like members. It is conceivable to restrain the positions of each other by pressing. In order to restrain the position by engaging the upper washer with the lower washer fixed to the plate-like member that requires high positional accuracy and cannot be moved, the relative positions of the bolt hole and the uneven shape are different. It is necessary to prepare various types of washers, and it is required to suppress the number of upper washers to be prepared, arrange them with high accuracy and tighten them, and satisfy the required earthquake resistance.

  The present invention provides a pair of washer units and a pair of washer units capable of improving shear resistance and preventing misalignment when a plurality of plate-like members are fastened using a stick-like fastening member. It aims to provide a method. In addition, by rotating the upper washer 180 degrees around the center line of the insertion hole through which the rod-like tightening member is inserted, the uneven position and the relative position of the bolt hole are changed, and the upper washer is engaged with the lower washer. An object of the present invention is to provide a washer unit that can be used.

  The washer unit of the present invention is used to bind at least two or more plate-like members having insertion holes through which a rod-like fastening member is inserted, in the extending direction of the rod-like fastening member using the rod-like fastening member, A washer unit disposed between an end of a rod-like fastening member and a plate-like member and pressed against the plate-like member, and a lower washer fixed to the plate-like member or integrated with the plate-like member, and a lower washer And an upper washer disposed on the end side of the rod-like fastening member, and the lower washer is formed with a long hole extending in a first direction, which is a direction that requires position adjustment, and the lower washer A first engaging portion in which a plurality of lower washer convex portions extending in a second direction that is a direction intersecting the first direction is arranged at an equal pitch is formed on the outer surface, and is in contact with the lower washer of the upper washer. A second engaging portion having an upper washer recess that can be engaged with the lower washer convex portion is formed on the surface, An insertion hole through which the rod-like fastening member is inserted is formed at the center of the washer in the first direction. When viewed from the second direction, the center line of the insertion hole of the upper washer is between adjacent upper washer recesses. The upper washer convex portion which is the portion of the upper washer is located at a position shifted from the center in the first direction, and is located at a position shifted from the center of the upper washer concave portion in the first direction.

  This washer unit is a washer member that is used when a plate-like member is fastened using a rod-like fastening member that penetrates a plurality of plate-like members, and is fixed to the plate-like member (for example, fixed by welding or the like) or a plate-like member And an upper washer paired with the lower washer. The opposing surfaces of these lower and upper washers are provided with first and second engaging portions that have an uneven shape and engage with each other, so that the position of one plate-like member is restrained. By engaging the washer and the upper washer that restrains the position of the other plate-like member via the rod-like fastening member, it is possible to prevent the displacement of the plurality of plate-like members and improve the earthquake resistance.

  Further, the center line extending in the plate thickness direction of the upper washer passing through the center of the insertion hole of the upper washer overlaps with the center of the upper washer projection in the first direction when viewed from the second direction. It does not overlap with the center of the upper washer recess in the first direction. In other words, by rotating the upper washer by 180 degrees around the center line of the insertion hole, the relative position between the insertion hole of the upper washer and the upper washer convex portion can be changed in the first direction. Thus, the amount of deviation of the uneven shape of the upper washer relative to the uneven shape of the lower washer can be changed by simply rotating the upper washer 180 degrees around the center line of the insertion hole. Without changing the position of the rod-like binding member, the uneven shapes of the upper and lower washers are securely meshed to improve the shear resistance and prevent misalignment of multiple plate-like members. it can.

  Also, in the washer unit, the upper washer can be engaged with the lower washer with or without rotating the upper washer 180 degrees, so the number of prepared upper washers can be reduced and positioning can be performed accurately. To improve earthquake resistance. By using one upper washer, it is possible to cope with two states in which the amounts of deviation between opposing concave and convex shapes are different.

  Further, when viewed from the second direction, the center line of the insertion hole of the upper washer overlaps with the first imaginary line that passes through the end portion of the upper washer convex portion in the first direction and extends in the plate thickness direction. Even if the width of the upper washer convex portion is less than twice the length of the play allowance that is a gap in the first direction with the peripheral edge of the insertion hole of the upper washer, the outer peripheral surface of the rod-like fastening member, and Good.

According to the washer unit having this configuration, when viewed from the second direction, the center line of the insertion hole of the upper washer coincides with the first imaginary line passing through the end of the upper washer convex portion in the first direction. As a result, when the upper washer is rotated 180 degrees around the center line of the insertion hole of the upper washer, the amount of change in the relative position of the concave and convex shapes of the upper washer and the lower washer is maximized before and after the rotation of the upper washer. It can be made. Further, the width of the upper washer projection is set to be less than twice the play allowance in the first direction between the upper washer insertion hole and the rod-like fastening member, and the upper washer is rotated 180 degrees as described above. By shifting the washer in the first direction, the positions of the upper washer insertion hole and the lower washer insertion hole can be aligned. As a result, regardless of the position of the rod-like fastening member in the long hole that is the insertion hole for the lower washer, the upper washer and the lower washer are securely engaged and the rod-like fastening member is inserted. Can do. That is, even when the position of the rod-like binding member cannot be changed, the plate-like member can be fastened and the displacement can be prevented.
For example, an oval planar shape in which the corners of the upper washer are eliminated may be used so that the peripheral member (projection or the like) of the bolt hole does not contact the upper washer when the upper washer is rotated 180 degrees. The outer shape of the upper washer may be a large single circle or rectangle in order to ensure a large shear resistance.

  The washer unit further includes an additional washer disposed on the end side of the rod-like binding member relative to the upper washer and in contact with the upper washer, and the additional washer has an insertion hole through which the rod-like fastening member is inserted. A third engaging portion in which a plurality of second washer convex portions extending in the first direction are arranged at an equal pitch is formed on the surface in contact with the additional washer, and the surface in contact with the upper washer on the additional washer The fourth engaging portion having an additional washer recess that can be engaged with the upper washer second protrusion may be formed.

The washer unit includes an additional washer that engages the surface opposite the lower washer of the upper washer. 3rd and 4th engagement which has the uneven | corrugated shape extended in the direction which cross | intersects the uneven | corrugated shape formed in the opposing surface of a lower washer and an upper washer in the surface which an upper washer and an additional washer oppose, and mutually engages Since the portion is formed, the additional washer can be meshed with the upper washer to prevent the positional displacement between the additional washer and the upper washer, and the earthquake resistance can be improved.
That is, since the third and fourth engaging portions are configured to include a plurality of convex portions and concave portions extending in the first direction, shear resistance is generated in the second direction to prevent misalignment. it can. According to this washer unit, it is possible to prevent displacement in the first and second directions orthogonal to each other and to further improve the earthquake resistance.

  Further, when viewed from the first direction, the center line of the third insertion hole of the additional washer is a position shifted from the center in the second direction of the additional washer convex portion which is a portion between the adjacent additional washer concave portions. It exists, and exists in the position shifted | deviated from the center in the 2nd direction of an additional washer recessed part. In other words, by rotating the additional washer 180 degrees about the center line of the insertion hole of the additional washer, the relative position between the insertion hole of the additional washer and the additional washer convex portion can be changed in the second direction. Accordingly, the concave and convex shape of the additional washer (fourth engaging portion) with respect to the concave and convex shape of the upper washer (third engaging portion) can be obtained simply by rotating the additional washer 180 degrees about the center line of the insertion hole of the additional washer. ) Can be changed, so that the positions of the insertion holes of the upper washer and the additional washer are aligned, and the concave and convex shapes of the upper washer and additional washer are securely meshed without changing the position of the rod-like fastening member. It is possible to improve the shear resistance along the direction 2 and to prevent misalignment of the plurality of plate-like members.

  Since the additional washer can be engaged with the upper washer with or without rotating the additional washer 180 degrees, the number of additional washers to be prepared is suppressed, positioning is performed accurately, and earthquake resistance is improved. Can be improved. By using one additional washer, it is possible to cope with two states in which the amounts of deviation between the opposing concavo-convex shapes are different.

  The insertion hole for the additional washer may be a long hole extending in the second direction. Accordingly, the relative position of the fourth engagement portion with respect to the third engagement portion can be changed by shifting the additional washer in the second direction.

  Further, according to the present invention, when the engaging portions of the upper washer and the lower washer face each other in the plate thickness direction, and the upper washer convex portion is parallel to the lower washer convex portion when viewed from the plate thickness direction. The upper washer is placed as the position of the first and the upper washer is engaged with the lower washer in the first position, or the upper washer is rotated 180 degrees around the center line from the first position. It has the selection process which selects whether it engages with a lower washer as 2 attitude | positions, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Moreover, you may perform the upper washer position adjustment process of moving an upper washer in the 1st direction within the range of the allowance of an insertion hole after a selection process, and adjusting a position.

  For example, when the insertion holes of the upper washer and the lower washer are made to coincide with each other, the convex portions may overlap in the first direction, and the upper washer and the lower washer may not be engaged. In such a case, the upper washer and the lower washer are adjusted by rotating the upper washer 180 degrees around the center line of the insertion hole and shifting the position of the upper washer in the first direction within the range of allowance. Can be reliably engaged and brought into close contact with each other, the shear resistance between the plate-like members can be improved, and misalignment can be prevented.

  Moreover, when viewed from the second direction, an upper washer for preparing a plurality of types of upper washers having different displacement widths in the first direction between the center line of the insertion hole and the center line of the upper washer protrusion. Further comprising a preparation step, and selecting a corresponding upper washer from a plurality of types of upper washer according to the overlapping length in the first direction of the upper washer convex portion and the lower washer convex portion in the first posture; The selected upper washer may face the lower washer and be arranged as the first posture. In this method, when the upper washer cannot be rotated 180 degrees due to interference with peripheral members (projections, etc.) of the bolt hole (insertion hole of the upper washer), the bolt hole and the concavo-convex shape are formed more than when the upper washer is rotated 180 degrees. This is effective when it is easier to replace with a new washer having a different width.

  Further, when extremely high positional accuracy is required, and when it is not desired to provide a play allowance in the first direction between the insertion hole of the upper washer and the rod-like fastening member, the plurality of upper washers are selected. By selecting the corresponding upper washer, the upper washer and the lower washer can be reliably engaged. According to this method, the number of top washers to be prepared can be suppressed.

  Further, in the upper washer preparation step, the integer value is calculated by subtracting the remainder of the division from the value obtained by dividing the width of the upper washer convex portion in the first direction by the allowable error, and based on the calculated integer value. Alternatively, the number of upper washers having different deviation widths may be determined, and the determined number of upper washers having different deviation widths may be prepared.

  According to the present invention, the relative position of the concave and convex shapes of the upper and lower washers can be changed by rotating the upper washer 180 degrees around the center line, and the upper and lower washers can be reliably engaged. Shear resistance can be improved and misalignment can be prevented.

It is sectional drawing which shows the binding part in which a pair of washer member of 1st Embodiment of this invention was installed. It is a top view which shows the lower washer in FIG. It is a top view which shows the upper washer in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members, and is sectional drawing which shows the state after rotating the top washer 180 degrees and the state which convex parts have overlapped 5 mm in the 1st direction. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members, and is sectional drawing which shows the state after rotating the top washer 180 degree | times, and the state which convex parts have overlapped 4 mm in the 1st direction. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members, and is sectional drawing which shows the state after rotating the convex part 3mm in the 1st direction, and the upper washer 180 degree | times. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members by which 0 mm type upper washer was employ | adopted, and is a cross section which shows the state after rotating the upper washer 180 degree | times, and the state which the convex parts have overlapped 5 mm in the 1st direction FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members by which 1 mm type | mold upper washer was employ | adopted, and is a cross section which shows the state after rotating the upper washer 180 degrees in the state which the convex parts overlapped 3 mm in the 1st direction FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members by which the 1.5mm type | mold upper washer was employ | adopted, and the state after rotating the upper washer 180 degree | times and the state which convex parts have overlapped 2 mm in the 1st direction It is sectional drawing shown. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members by which the 0.5mm type | mold upper washer was employ | adopted, and the state after rotating the top washer 180 degree | times and the state in which convex parts overlap 4 mm in the 1st direction It is sectional drawing shown. It is sectional drawing which shows arrangement | positioning of a pair of washer members by which 2 mm type | mold upper washer was employ | adopted, and is sectional drawing which shows the state which the convex parts overlapped 1 mm in a 1st direction, and the state which rotated the upper washer 180 degree | times. is there. It is sectional drawing which shows a pair of washer members, and is a figure which shows the play space between the width | variety of a convex part, and a convex part. It is a figure which shows the procedure of the design method which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows a pair of washer members. It is a perspective view which shows the washer unit which concerns on 4th Embodiment. It is a top view which shows the lower washer in FIG. It is a top view which shows the bottom face of the upper washer in FIG. It is a top view which shows the top | upper surface of the washer in FIG. It is a top view which shows the additional washer in FIG. It is a top view which shows the lower washer of the washer unit which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is a top view which shows the upper washer of the washer unit which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows a pair of washer members, and is sectional drawing which shows the modified example of uneven | corrugated shape.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, portions having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  (First embodiment)

A case will be described in which the allowance d14 is provided in the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12, and the upper washer 12 is rotated 180 degrees around the center line of the bolt hole 14 to adjust the position.
As shown in FIG. 1, the fastening device 1 provided with a pair of washer members 10 is configured to overlap a plurality of plate-like members 2 and 3 in the plate thickness direction Z and fasten them together. 3 is provided with a bolt 4 that is a rod-like fastening member penetrating 3, a nut 5 that is screwed to the bolt 4, and a pair of washer members 10 that are pressed against the plate-like members 2 and 3 by the nut 5. The binding device 1 may use a pair of washer members 10 to bind two or more plate-like members in the extending direction of the rod-like fastening members.

  The first plate-like member 2 is, for example, a steel frame member (for example, a cross beam) that can support a heavy structure, and the second plate-like member 3 is formed laterally from the lower end of the leg portion of the heavy structure. This is the overhanging part. The binding device 1 firmly fixes the heavy structure by binding the plate-like members 2 and 3 together.

  Bolt holes 7 and 8 through which the bolts 4 are inserted are respectively drilled in the plate-like members 2 and 3, and the bolts 4 are fixed to the first plate-like member 2. Specifically, the head 4 a formed at one end in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 4 is fixed to the first plate member 2. The bolt 4 passes through the bolt holes 7 and 8 of the plate-like members 2 and 3 and extends in the plate thickness direction Z, and the other end 4 b in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 4 is exposed to the outside of the plate-like member 3. ing. In the present embodiment, for example, M56 (outer diameter 56 mm) is used as the bolt 4.

(Washing member)
The pair of washer members 10 includes a lower washer 11 and an upper washer 12 that are stacked in the plate thickness direction Z, and the lower washer 11 is opposite to the first plate-like member 2 of the second plate-like member 3. It is arrange | positioned on the outer surface 3a. The lower washer 11 and the upper washer 12 are respectively formed with bolt holes 13 and 14 through which the bolts 4 are inserted, and the bolts 4 are inserted into the bolt holes 13 and 14 so as to be outside the upper washer 12. It protrudes. The screw part 4b formed at the other end in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 4 is exposed to the outside of the upper washer 12, and the nut 5 is screwed into the screw part 4b. The nut 5 screwed into the bolt 4 presses the pair of washer members 10 against the second plate-like member 3, and the plurality of plate-like members 2, 3 sandwiched between the head 4 a of the bolt 4 and the nut 5. Tight in the thickness direction Z.

(Lower washer)
As shown in FIG. 2, the lower washer 11 has, for example, a rectangular plate shape, the bolt hole 13 is formed as a long hole, and the inner diameter D _13X of the longer long hole has a direction that requires position adjustment. It is formed along the first direction X. The direction requiring position adjustment is a direction in which the relative positional relationship between the plurality of plate-like members 2 and 3 to be tightened can be adjusted. For example, when there is a difference between the design arrangement position and the position where it can actually be arranged, it may be required to adjust the relative positions of the plate-like members 2 and 3. In the present embodiment, the first direction X is the horizontal direction in the figure, and is the longitudinal direction of the lower washer 11.

The length L _X in the longitudinal direction of the lower washer 11 is, for example, 215 mm, and the width L _Y in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction is, for example, 120 mm. Longer inner diameter _{D 13X} of bolt holes 13 are long holes, for example, 124 mm, shorter inner diameter _{D 13Y} of the bolt hole 13 is, for example, 62 mm.

  A bottom surface 11 a, which is a surface facing the second plate member 3 of the lower washer 11, is formed as a flat surface and is in contact with the top surface 3 a of the second plate member 3. The top surface 11 b, which is the surface of the lower washer 11 opposite to the second plate-like member 3, is a surface in contact with the upper washer 12, and the top surface 11 b has an engaging portion that engages with the upper washer 12. An uneven shape is formed. This uneven shape is formed by a plurality of convex portions 15 and concave portions 16, and the concave portions 16 are formed between the convex portions 15 adjacent in the first direction X.

  The plurality of convex portions 15 extend in a second direction Y orthogonal to the first direction X, and are regularly arranged at equal intervals in the first direction X. The cross section orthogonal to the second direction Y of the convex portion 15 is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the convex portions 15 and the concave portions 16 are alternately arranged in the first direction X.

The width W _{15 in} the first direction X of the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 is, for example, 5 mm, and the width W ₁₆ of the concave portion 16 that is the interval between the convex portions 15 adjacent to each other in the first direction X is, for example, 5 mm. It is.

  The lower washer 11 is fixed to the top surface 3a of the plate-like member 3 by welding or the like, for example. The lower washer 11 may be configured integrally with the plate-like member 3.

(Upper washer)
The upper washer 12 has a plate shape, and has, for example, an elliptical shape as viewed in the plate thickness direction Z, as shown in FIG. The bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 is formed in a circular shape, and the inner diameter D14 of the bolt hole ₁₄ is, for example, 62 mm. Since the outer diameter of the bolt 4 is 56 mm, a play allowance d _{14 of} 3 mm on one side in the radial direction of the bolt hole ₁₄ is provided. In FIG. 3, the outer shape corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the bolt 4 is indicated by a virtual line. The bolt hole 14 is formed in the central portion of the upper washer 12 in the first direction X.

  The top surface 12 a that is one surface in the plate thickness direction Z of the upper washer 12 is a surface that is formed as a flat surface and is in contact with the nut 5. The bottom surface 12 b, which is the other surface in the plate thickness direction Z of the upper washer 12, is a surface in contact with the lower washer 11, and an uneven shape is formed on the bottom surface 12 b as an engaging portion that engages with the lower washer 11. . This uneven shape is constituted by a plurality of convex portions 17 and concave portions 18.

  The plurality of convex portions 17 extend in the second direction Y, and are regularly arranged in the first direction X at equal intervals. The cross section orthogonal to the second direction Y of the convex portion 17 is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the convex portions 17 and the concave portions 18 are alternately arranged in the first direction X.

The width W _{17 in} the first direction X of the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 is, for example, 5 mm, and the width W ₁₈ of the concave portion 18 that is the interval between the convex portions 17 adjacent in the first direction X is, for example, 5 mm. It is. The width W _{17 in} the first direction X of the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 is less than twice the length (6 mm) of the play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14.

The center O ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 exists on an imaginary line L 1 that passes through the boundary between the convex portion 17 and the concave portion 18 and extends in the second direction Y.

(Arrangement of a pair of washer members: pattern A1)
The arrangement of the pair of washer members 10 will be described. For example, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), when viewed from the second direction, the center line L2 extending mainly O ₁₄ the street plate thickness direction Z of the bolt hole 14 of the upper seat foot 12, lower seat gold 11 and the center line L3 extending the center O ₁₃ of the bolt hole 13 as thickness direction Z is coincident, and the projection 15 of the projecting portion 17 and the lower seat gold 11 of upper seat foot 12, the first direction X If the upper washer 12 is brought close to the lower washer 11 as it is, the convex portions 15 and 17 will hit each other, and the upper washer 12 will be placed under the lower washer. 11 cannot be engaged. When viewed from above, the protrusions 15 and 17 are arranged in parallel, and in the first direction X, the position of the upper washer 12 in a state where a part or all of the protrusions 15 and 17 overlap each other is “first The state of the upper washer 12 after being rotated 180 degrees around the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 from the first posture is referred to as a “second posture”.

When only the upper washer 12 is shifted in the first direction X by 5 mm from the state shown in FIG. 4A, the convex portions 15 and 17 do not overlap with each other in the first direction X. 11, but the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 is shifted by 5 mm, so that it is necessary to shift the bolt 4 from the installation position. Since play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14 of the upper seat foot 12 is on one side 3 mm, unless, it is impossible for inserting the bolt 4 into the bolt holes 14 displaced 2mm from the installation position at least bolts 4. However, when a heavy structure or the like is installed, the installation position of the bolt 4 cannot be changed in many cases because it takes a lot of labor and time to change the installation position. Therefore, since the bolt 4 cannot be disposed with a displacement of 2 mm or more from the installation position, the bolt 4 cannot be tightened.

  As described above, when there is an installation limitation that the bolt 4 cannot be displaced by 2 mm or more in the first direction X, the upper washer 12 in the first posture is bolted as shown in FIG. The second posture is set by rotating 180 degrees around the center line L2 of the hole 14. Thereby, in the first direction X, the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the concave portion 16 of the lower washer 11 are matched, and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 and the concave portion 18 of the upper washer 12 are matched. The washer 12 can be engaged with the lower washer 11. After engaging the upper washer 12 with the lower washer 11, the nut 5 is tightened to the bolt 4 to engage the lower washer 11 and the upper washer 12, and the pair of washer members 10 are paired with the pair of plate-like members 2, 2. 3, and the pair of plate-like members 2 and 3 are fastened together. Since the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 can be made coincident with the installation position of the bolt 4, the bolt 4 can be inserted and fastened without shifting the bolt 4 from the installation position. This eliminates the need to move the work, so that construction work can be saved and extension of the construction period can be prevented.

(Arrangement of a pair of washer members: pattern A2)
For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 and the center line L3 of the bolt hole 13 of the lower washer 11 are shifted by 1 mm in the first direction X, and the upper washer When the convex part 17 of 12 and the convex part 15 of the lower washer 11 are arranged so as to overlap 4 mm in the first direction X (overlap P2 = 4 mm), the upper washer 12 remains as it is close to the lower washer 11 Even if it makes it, the convex parts 15 and 17 will contact | abut and the upper washer 12 cannot be engaged with the lower washer 11. FIG.

When only the upper washer 12 is shifted 4 mm to the left in the first direction X from the state shown in FIG. 5A, the convex portions 15 and 17 do not overlap with each other in the first direction X. Although it can be engaged with the lower washer 11, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 is shifted by 4 mm, so that it is necessary to shift the bolt 4 from the installation position. Since play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14 of the upper seat foot 12 is on one side 3 mm, unless, it is impossible for inserting the bolt 4 into the bolt hole 14 shifted 1mm from the installation position at least bolts 4. Due to installation restrictions, the bolts cannot be displaced from the installation position by 1 mm or more, and therefore cannot be tightened using the bolts 4.

When there is an installation restriction that the bolt 4 cannot be displaced by 1 mm or more, the upper washer 12 in the first posture is 180 degrees around the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 as shown in FIG. Rotate to the second posture. At this time, since the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 are arranged so as to overlap each other in the first direction X (overlap P3 = 1 mm), the upper washer 12 is placed in the first direction X. By shifting 1 mm within the range of the play allowance d ₁₄ of the 3 mm bolt hole 14 on one side to the right side of the figure, the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the concave portion 16 of the lower washer 11 are made to coincide with each other. 15 and the recess 18 of the upper washer 12 can be made to coincide with each other, and the upper washer 12 can be engaged with the lower washer 11. The bolt 4 can be inserted and tightened without shifting the bolt 4 from the installation position.

(Arrangement of a pair of washer members: pattern A3)
For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 and the center line L3 of the bolt hole 13 of the lower washer 11 are shifted by 2 mm in the first direction X, and the upper washer When the convex portion 17 of 12 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 are arranged so as to overlap 3 mm in the first direction X (overlap P4 = 3 mm), the upper washer 12 approaches the lower washer 11 as it is. Even if it makes it, the convex parts 15 and 17 will contact and the upper washer 12 cannot be engaged with the lower washer 11. FIG.

When only the upper washer 12 is shifted 3 mm to the left in the first direction X from the state shown in FIG. 6A, the convex portions 15 and 17 do not overlap with each other in the first direction X. Although it can be engaged with the lower washer 11, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 is shifted by 3 mm, so that it is necessary to shift the bolt 4 from the installation position. Since play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14 of the upper seat foot 12 is on one side 3 mm, in the case may be able to insert the bolt 4 without shifting the bolts 4 from the installation position, the machining error is present, the bolt If 4 is not shifted, bolt 4 may not be inserted. If the bolts 4 cannot be displaced from the installation position due to installation restrictions, the bolts 4 cannot be used for fastening.

If there is an installation restriction that the bolt 4 cannot be displaced, the first washer 12 is rotated 180 degrees around the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 as shown in FIG. To the second posture. At this time, the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 are arranged so as to overlap each other by 2 mm in the first direction X (overlap P5 = 2 mm). 1 to the right side in the direction X of, by shifting 2mm within the play allowance _{d 14} of the bolt hole 14 of one side 3 mm, is matched with the concave portion 16 of the convex portion 17 and the lower seat gold 11 of upper seat foot 12, lower seat gold Thus, the upper washer 12 can be brought into close contact with the lower washer 11 so that the convex portions 15 of the eleven and the concave portion 16 of the upper washer 12 are made to coincide with each other. The bolt 4 can be inserted and tightened without shifting the bolt 4 from the installation position.

In the washer member 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the play allowance d ₁₄ in the bolt hole 14 of the upper seat foot 12 is provided, it is possible to reduce the constraints on the construction, the washer member 10, rectangular cross section Are formed, and the side surfaces orthogonal to the first direction X of the convex portions 15 and 17 are in close contact with each other, so that shear resistance is improved and positional deviation is reliably prevented.

  Further, by rotating the upper washer 12 in the first posture 180 degrees about the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 to be in the second posture, the overlap P1 between the convex portions 15 and 17 in the first direction X is achieved. Since the length of P5 can be changed, the positions of the bolt holes 13 and 14 of the upper washer 12 and the lower washer 11 can be matched, and the upper washer 12 and the lower washer 11 can be securely meshed and sheared. The resistance can be improved, the positional displacement of the upper washer 12 and the lower washer 11 can be prevented, and the earthquake resistance can be improved. Since the lower washer 11 is fixed to the second plate member 3 and the upper washer 12 is pressed by the nut 5 screwed to the bolt 4 fixed to the first plate member 2, the position is restricted. By preventing misalignment between the washer 11 and the upper washer 12, misalignment of the plurality of plate-like members 2 and 3 is prevented.

When brought into facing the upper seat foot 12 in the lower seat gold 11, when the protrusions 15 and 17 to each other by shifting within the play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt holes 14 do not overlap in the first direction X is directly engaged it is sufficient to, protrusions 15 and 17 to each other be shifted within the play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14 are overlapped in a first direction X, if it is not possible to engage it engagement, the first After the upper washer 12 is rotated 180 degrees around the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 to the second position, the upper washer 12 is engaged with the lower washer 11. Therefore, only by preparing one upper washer 12, even if there is an error in the position of the bolt 4 serving as a reference, for example, the upper washer 12 can be reliably engaged with the lower washer 11.

  In the pair of washer members 10, when viewed from the second direction Y, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12 and the end portion 17a in the first direction of the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 match. Since the bolt hole 14 is formed at the position where the upper washer 12 is rotated 180 degrees around the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the upper washer 12, the concave and convex shapes of the upper washer 12 and the lower washer 11 are formed. The amount of change in the relative position can be maximized.

  (Second Embodiment)

  A method for selecting an appropriate washer member 10 and a method for installing the washer member 10 in order to increase the accuracy of the relative position of the plate-like members 2 and 3 in the first direction X will be described. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, in the first direction X, a plurality of types of top washers 21 to 25 having different relative positions of the bolt holes 14 and the convex portions 17 are prepared, and the plurality of types One appropriate upper washer 21 to 25 is selected from the upper washer 21 to 25, and the selected upper washer 21 to 25 is used to increase the accuracy of the relative position of the plate-like members 2 and 3 and tighten them. The case will be described.

Here, it is required to accurately installing the upper seat gold 21-25 and the lower seat gold 11, when there are construction constraints that play allowance d ₁₄ of the bolt hole 14 of the upper seat gold 21-25 less than 1mm Suppose.

(0mm type washer: 5mm overlap between convex parts)
For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the upper washer 21 having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment described above has a width W17 of the convex portion 17 of 5 mm and a width W18 of the concave portion 18 of 5 mm. Of the plurality of convex portions 17, the convex portion 17 located closest to the center line L <b> 2 in the first direction X is defined as a convex portion 17 a. When viewed from the second direction Y, the upper washer 21 is formed so that the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 overlaps the end portion 17b of the convex portion 17a in the first direction X. Thus, in the first direction X, the upper washer 21 in which the distance between the central axis L2 and the end 17b of the convex portion 17a is 0 mm is referred to as a “0 mm type upper washer”. In the first direction X, the 0 mm type upper washer 21 has a center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 and a virtual line L4 extending in the plate thickness direction Z through the center 17c of the convex portion 17 of the 0 mm type upper washer 21. distance _{d 21} is 2.5 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 7A, when the center line L3 of the bolt hole 13 of the lower washer 11 and the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 0 mm type upper washer 21 are matched, the convexity of the 0 mm type upper washer 21 is obtained. The overlap P11 in the first direction X between the portion 17 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 is 5 mm. At this time, with the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 0 mm type upper washer 21 as a reference, the 0 mm type upper washer 21 in the first position is rotated 180 degrees to the second position, thereby FIG. As shown, the positions of the convex part 17 of the 0 mm type upper washer 21 and the concave part 16 of the lower washer 11 are aligned, and the positions of the convex part 15 of the lower washer 11 and the concave part 18 of the 0 mm type upper washer 12 are aligned. Can do. The overlap between the convex portions 15 and 17 can be set to 0 mm, and the 0 mm type upper washer 21 can be engaged with the lower washer 11 to prevent displacement in the first direction X.

(1mm type top washer: 3mm overlap between convex parts)
As shown in FIG. 8, when viewed from the second direction Y, the upper washer 22 is bolted to a position shifted by a distance d ₃₂ (= 1 mm) from the end 17b of the convex portion 17a toward the center 17c. A center line L2 of the hole 14 is formed. In the first direction X, the upper washer 22 whose distance d ₃₂ between the center line L2 and the end 17b of the convex portion 17a is 1 mm is referred to as a “1 mm type upper washer”. 1mm type Theravada gold 22, in the first direction X, with the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14, the distance _{d 22} between the imaginary line L4 passing through the center 17c of the convex portion 17a is 1.5 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, the overlap P12 in the first direction X between the convex portion 17 of the 1 mm type upper washer 22 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 is 3 mm. At this time, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 1 mm type upper washer 22 projects the convex portion 15 closest to the center line L2 in the first direction X among the plurality of convex portions 15 of the lower washer 11. If it is the part 15a, it exists in the 1 mm right side from the edge 15b of the convex part 15a. Here, with the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 1 mm type upper washer 22 as a reference, the 1 mm type upper washer 22 in the first position is rotated 180 degrees to the second position, so that FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the positions of the convex portion 17 of the 1 mm type upper washer 22 and the concave portion 16 of the lower washer 11 are aligned, and the positions of the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 and the concave portion 18 of the 1 mm type upper washer 21 are aligned. Can do. The overlap between the convex portions 15 and 17 can be set to 0 mm, and the 1 mm type upper washer 22 can be engaged with the lower washer 11 to prevent displacement in the first direction X.

(1.5 mm top washer: 2 mm overlap between protrusions)
As shown in FIG. 9, when the upper washer 23 is viewed from the second direction Y, the position is shifted by the distance d ₃₃ (= 1.5 mm) from the end 17b of the convex portion 17a toward the center 17c. A center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 is formed. In a first direction X, the upper washer 23 a distance _{d 33} between the end portion 17b of the center line L2 and the convex portion 17a is 1.5mm referred to as "1.5mm type upper seat gold". 1.5mm type Theravada gold 23, in the first direction X, with the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14, the distance _{d 23} between the imaginary line L4 passing through the center 17b of the convex portion 17A is 1 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, the overlap P13 in the first direction between the convex portion 17 of the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 is 2 mm. At this time, the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 exists to the right of 1.5 mm from the end 15 b of the convex portion 15 a of the lower washer 11. Here, with the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 as a reference, the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 in the first position is rotated 180 degrees to be in the second position. 9 (b), the positions of the convex portion 17 of the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 and the concave portion 16 of the lower washer 11 are aligned, and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 and the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 are The position with the recess 18 can be adjusted. The overlap between the convex portions 15 and 17 can be set to 0 mm, and the 1.5-inch mm upper washer 23 can be engaged with the lower washer 11 to prevent displacement in the first direction X.

  Thus, in the washer member 10 and the installation method of the washer member 10 of the present embodiment, when the overlap P11 of the convex portions 15 and 17 is 5 mm, the 0 mm type upper washer 21 may be applied. The 1 mm type upper washer 22 may be applied when the overlap P12 is 3 mm, and the 1.5 mm type upper washer 23 may be applied when the overlap P13 of the convex portions 15 and 17 is 2 mm.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 10, when the overlap P14 of the convex portions 15 and 17 of 4mm, the distance _{d 34} between the center line L2 of the end portion 17a and the bolt hole 14 of the protrusion 17A is 0.5mm The 0.5 mm type upper washer 24 may be applied, and the 0.5 mm type upper washer 24 in the first posture is rotated 180 degrees with respect to the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 0.5 mm type upper washer 24. By making the second posture, the overlap between the convex portions 15 and 17 can be set to 0 mm, and the 0.5 mm type upper washer 24 is engaged with the lower washer 11 so as to be in the first direction X. Misalignment can be prevented.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 11, when the overlap P15 of the protrusions 15 and 17 is 1 mm, the distance d ₃₅ between the end 17b of the protrusion 17a and the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 is 2 mm. The 2 mm type upper washer 25 may be applied, and the 2 mm type upper washer 25 in the first posture is rotated 180 degrees to the second posture with reference to the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 of the 2 mm type upper washer 25. Thus, the overlap between the convex portions 15 and 17 can be set to 0 mm, and the 2 mm type upper washer 25 can be engaged with the lower washer 11 to prevent the positional deviation in the first direction X.

Here, when the bolt 4 is shifted from the installation position by 1 mm in the first direction X, if the five types of upper washers 21 to 25 shown in Table 1 shown below are prepared, the bolt 4 and the upper washers 21 to 21 are prepared. No matter how the relative position of the 25 bolt holes 14 to the center line L2 is deviated, the upper washers 21 to 25 and the lower washers 11 are engaged with the upper washers 21 to 25 having a width of the convex portion 17 of 5 mm. Can be combined. In addition, in FIGS. 7-11, the centerline L2 of the bolt hole 14 and the centerline of the volt | bolt 4 have shown the state which corresponds.

  Thus, if a plurality of types of upper washers 21 to 25 having different relative positions of the bolt hole 14 and the convex portion 17 are prepared, the position of the bolt 4 relative to the bolt hole (long hole) 13 of the lower washer 11 is determined. Even if it will be arrange | positioned in this, the upper washer 21-25 and the lower washer 11 can be reliably engaged.

  Assuming that the width of the convex portion 17 is W (mm) and the allowable error is A (mm), a plurality of types of relative positions of the bolt hole 14 and the convex portion 17 differ by the number of W / A (rounded up). If the upper washers 21 to 25 are prepared, the relative position shift between the bolt holes 14 of the upper washers 21 to 25 and the bolt holes 13 of the lower washer 11 can be kept within an allowable error Amm. Thereby, while suppressing the number of the upper washers 21 to 25 to be prepared, the accuracy of the relative positions of the plate members 2 and 3 is increased, and the upper washers 21 to 25 are engaged with the lower washer 11 to thereby obtain the plate members. 2 and 3 can be tied together.

  For example, when the width W of the convex portion 17 is 5 mm and the allowable error A is 1 mm, W / A = 5 upper washers 21 to 25 may be prepared. If W / A is not an integer, the remainder of the division is subtracted from the divided value to obtain an integer value. Specifically, as shown in Table 1 above, five types of upper washers (0 mm type upper washers 21, 0.5 mm) in which the distance between the center line L2 of the bolt hole 14 and the end portion 17b of the convex portion 17a are different. If a mold upper washer 24, a 1 mm type upper washer 22, a 1.5 mm type upper washer 23, and a 2 mm type upper washer 25) are prepared, the error can be accommodated within 1 mm. The error here is a difference between the position of the designed bolt 4 and the position of the bolt 4 that is actually constructed.

(Third embodiment: Method for designing a washer member)

  The width W of the convex portions 15 and 17 of the pair of washer members 10 in the above embodiment is given a play space s which is a gap between the convex portions 15 and 17 determined from the required shearing force and construction accuracy required in the design. Design as. Here, “necessary shear force F”, “play space s between the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11”, “allowable washer length La”, and “washer conversion width b” described later. The design method of the washer member 10 for calculating the width W of the convex portions 15 and 17 will be specifically described based on FIG.

  The concave portion 18 formed between the convex portions 17 adjacent to each other in the first direction X requires a certain play space s as shown in FIG. 12, but the unit is reduced when the width W of the convex portion 17 is reduced. Play space per length increases. That is, when the lengths of the pair of washers 10 in the first direction X are the same, the width W of one convex portion 17 is smaller when the width W of one convex portion 17 is smaller and the number of convex portions 17 is larger. The shear resistance is smaller than when the number of convex portions 17 is small and the number is large.

  The relationship of the width W of one convex part 15 and 17 with respect to the unit length l of the pair of washer members 10 has the following relation, and the greater the width W of the convex parts 15 and 17, the larger the width of the washer member 10. The total play space (the sum of s) with respect to the unit length l decreases, the shear resistance increases, and the width W of the convex portions 15 and 17 decreases, so that the total length of the washer member 10 with respect to the unit length l increases. The play space increases and the shear resistance decreases.

  Therefore, when designing the washer member 10 in which the convex portions 15 and 17 and the concave portions 16 and 18 are formed, the play space s that can be tolerated according to construction restrictions and construction accuracy of the application location is satisfied as a performance. It is necessary to consider the width W of the convex portions 15 and 17 determined from the necessary shear force F to be performed.

Next, a method for designing a washer member for determining the width W of the convex portions 15 and 17 based on the required shear force F will be described. As shown in FIG. 13, in step S <b> 1, based on the necessary shearing force F determined from the design conditions and the allowable shear stress τa of the steel material that is the material of the washer member 10, the plurality of convex portions 17 of the upper washer 12 are formed. the total and is convex width required length L _w of the width W, is calculated using the following equation (1).

At this time, the washer-converted width b takes into account only the width of the fitting portion, so that a single hole (bolt hole) in the upper washer and a defect due to the R portion at the end (in the case of an oval shape) and a long hole in the lower washer It is the conversion required width converted into a rectangle in consideration of the area of the missing part due to. The washer-converted width b may be temporarily set to L _Y (see FIG. 2), and then the required protrusion width required length L _W may be obtained in consideration of the missing portion (in order to consider the missing portion, L _Y > b. ). The area where the convex part and the concave part are not fitted is considered as a missing part, and the convex part width required length _Lw is calculated assuming a rectangular washer which is equal to the area of the area where the convex part and the concave part are actually fitted. To do.

In addition, there exists a relationship of following formula (2) among the convex part width required length _LW , the width W of the convex part 17, and the number n of the convex parts 17. FIG.

凸部１７の幅Ｗとしては、例えば、製造上、取扱いが容易な幅を設定する。 In the subsequent step S2, a play space s (between the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11 determined from the width W (variable) of one convex portion 17, construction restrictions, construction accuracy, etc. The required minimum length Ln of the upper washer 12 in the first direction X is calculated based on the following equation (3).

As the width W of the convex portion 17, for example, a width that is easy to handle in manufacturing is set.

  Next, in step S3, the width W of one protrusion 17 is set as large as possible within a range where the required length Ln of the upper washer 12 is equal to or less than the allowable length La that can be secured as a washer. The allowable length La is determined based on the size of the space where the upper washer 12 can be placed. When the required length Ln exceeds the allowable length La, the upper washer 12 cannot be disposed. If the required length Ln is less than or equal to the allowable length La, the required length Ln is determined, the width W of the convex portion set in step 2 is adopted as a design value, and the specifications of the washer member 10 are determined. . When the required length Ln exceeds the allowable length La, the process returns to step 2 to reset the width W of the convex portions 17 and the number n of the convex portions 17.

  In addition, when both the width W of one convex part 17 and the play space s are given as design conditions, the washer length which becomes the required minimum length Ln is determined using the above formula (3). be able to.

(Fourth embodiment)

  As shown in FIG. 15, the washer unit 70 includes three washers, and generates shear resistance in two orthogonal directions. In addition, the same description as said embodiment is abbreviate | omitted.

(Washer unit)
The washer unit 70 has a lower washer 71, an upper washer 72, and an additional washer 73 stacked in the plate thickness direction Z. The lower washer 71 is the first plate-like member 2 of the second plate-like member 3. It arrange | positions on the outer surface 3a of the other side. Bolt holes 74, 75, and 76, which are insertion holes through which the bolts 4 are inserted, are formed in the lower washer 71, the upper washer 72, and the additional washer 73, respectively. The bolts 4 are inserted into the bolt holes 74, 75, and 76, respectively. Projecting to the outside of the additional washer 73. The screw part 4b formed at the other end in the longitudinal direction of the bolt 4 is exposed to the outside of the upper washer 71, and the nut 5 is screwed into the screw part 4b. The nut 5 screwed to the bolt 4 presses the washer unit 70 against the second plate-like member 3 and fastens the plurality of plate-like members 2 and 3 in the plate thickness direction Z.

(Lower washer)
As shown in FIG. 16, the lower washer 71 has, for example, a rectangular plate shape, the bolt hole 74 is formed as a long hole, and the longer inner diameter of the long hole is along the first direction X. Is formed.

  A bottom surface 71 a, which is a surface facing the second plate member 3 of the lower washer 71, is formed as a flat surface and is in contact with the top surface 3 a of the second plate member 3. A top surface 71 b, which is a surface of the lower washer 71 opposite to the second plate-like member 3, is a surface in contact with the upper washer 72. The top surface 71 b has an engaging portion that engages with the upper washer 72. An uneven shape is formed. This uneven shape is formed by a plurality of convex portions 77 and concave portions 78, and a concave portion 16 is formed between the convex portions 15 adjacent in the first direction X.

  The plurality of convex portions 77 extend in a second direction Y orthogonal to the first direction X, and are regularly arranged at equal intervals in the first direction X. The cross section orthogonal to the second direction Y of the convex portion 77 is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the convex portions 77 and the concave portions 78 are alternately arranged in the first direction X.

  The lower washer 71 is fixed to the top surface 3a of the plate-like member 3 by welding or the like, for example. The lower washer 71 may be configured integrally with the plate-like member 3.

(Upper washer)
As shown in FIG. 17, the upper washer 72 has a rectangular plate shape, for example, and the bolt hole 75 of the upper washer 72 is formed in a circular shape, and an allowance is provided in the radial direction of the bolt hole 75. . In FIG. 17, the outer shape corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the bolt 4 is indicated by an imaginary line. The bolt hole 75 is formed in the central portion of the upper washer 72 in the first direction X.

  A bottom surface 72 a in the plate thickness direction of the upper washer 72 is a surface in contact with the lower washer 71, and an uneven shape is formed on the bottom surface 72 a as an engaging portion that engages with the lower washer 71. This uneven shape is constituted by a plurality of convex portions 79 and concave portions 80.

  The plurality of convex portions 79 extend in the second direction Y, and are regularly arranged in the first direction X at equal intervals. The cross section of the convex portion 79 orthogonal to the second direction Y is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the convex portions 79 and the concave portions 80 are alternately arranged in the first direction X.

  The width of the convex portion 79 of the upper washer 72 in the first direction X is, for example, 5 mm, and the width of the concave portion 80 that is the interval between the convex portions 79 adjacent to each other in the first direction X is, for example, 5 mm. The width of the convex portion 79 of the upper washer 72 in the first direction X is less than twice the length (6 mm) of the play allowance of the bolt hole 75.

The center O ₇₅ of the bolt hole 75 of the upper washer 72 exists on an imaginary line L21 that passes through the boundary between the convex portion 79 and the concave portion 80 and extends in the second direction Y.

  The top surface 72b in the plate thickness direction of the upper washer 72 is a surface in contact with the additional washer 73. As shown in FIG. 18, the top surface 72b has an engaging portion (third engagement) that engages with the additional washer 73. A concave-convex shape is formed as a portion. This uneven shape is constituted by a plurality of convex portions (upper washer second convex portion) 81 and concave portions (upper washer second concave portion) 82.

  The plurality of convex portions 81 extend in the first direction X, and are regularly arranged in the second direction Y at equal intervals. The cross section of the convex portion 81 orthogonal to the first direction X is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the convex portions 81 and the concave portions 82 are alternately arranged in the second direction Y.

  The width of the convex portion 81 of the upper washer 72 in the first direction X is, for example, 5 mm, and the width of the concave portion 80 that is the interval between the convex portions 79 adjacent to each other in the first direction X is, for example, 5 mm. The width of the convex portion 79 of the upper washer 72 in the first direction X is less than twice the length (6 mm) of the play allowance of the bolt hole 75.

(Additional washer)
As shown in FIG. 19, the additional washer 73 has a rectangular plate shape, for example, and the bolt hole (additional washer insertion hole) 76 of the additional washer 73 is formed as a long hole. The inner diameter is formed along the second direction Y. In FIG. 19, the outer shape corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the bolt 4 is indicated by a virtual line.

  The top surface 73 a that is one surface in the plate thickness direction Z of the additional washer 73 is a surface that is formed as a flat surface and is in contact with the nut 5. The bottom surface 73b which is the other surface in the plate thickness direction Z of the additional washer 73 is a surface in contact with the upper washer 72, and the bottom surface 73b is an engagement portion (fourth engagement portion) that engages with the upper washer 72. An uneven shape is formed. This uneven shape is constituted by a plurality of convex portions (additional washer convex portions) 83 and concave portions (additional washer concave portions) 84.

  The plurality of convex portions 83 extend in the first direction X, and are regularly arranged in the second direction Y at equal intervals. The cross section of the convex portion 83 orthogonal to the first direction X is, for example, a rectangular shape, and the convex portions 83 and the concave portions 84 are alternately arranged in the second direction Y.

  The width of the convex portion 83 of the additional washer 73 in the second direction Y is, for example, 5 mm, and the width of the concave portion 84 that is the interval between the convex portions 83 adjacent to each other in the second direction Y is, for example, 5 mm. The width of the convex portion 83 of the additional washer 73 in the second direction Y is less than twice the length (6 mm) of the allowance for the bolt hole 75.

It is preferable that the center O ₇₆ of the bolt hole 76 of the additional washer 73 exists on an imaginary line L22 that passes through the boundary between the convex portion 83 and the concave portion 84 and extends in the first direction X.

  In the washer unit 70 configured as described above, the top surface 71b of the lower washer 71 and the bottom surface 72a of the upper washer 72 face each other and are in close contact with each other. Specifically, the bolt 4 protruding upward in the bolt hole 74 of the lower washer 71 is inserted into the bolt hole 75 of the upper washer 72. When the upper washer 72 is brought close to the lower washer 71 and the concave and convex shapes are arranged to engage with each other, the lower washer 71 and the upper washer 72 are brought into close contact with each other.

  When the lower washer 71 and the upper washer 72 face each other, if the convex portions 77 and 79 touch each other, the upper washer 72 is moved in the first direction X within the range of play allowance to adjust the position. Do. Further, the position adjustment may be performed by rotating the upper washer 72 by 180 degrees around the center line of the bolt hole 75. By performing the position adjustment in this way, the convex portions 77 and the concave portions 80 face each other, the concave portions 78 and the convex portions 79 face each other, and the concave and convex shapes of the lower washer 71 and the upper washer 72 are engaged with each other.

  After the upper washer 72 is brought into close contact with the lower washer 71, the top surface 72b of the upper washer 72 and the bottom surface 73b of the additional washer 73 are brought into contact with each other and brought into close contact. Specifically, the bolt 4 protruding upward in the bolt hole 75 of the upper washer 72 is inserted into the bolt hole 76 of the additional washer 73. When the additional washer 73 is brought close to the upper washer 72 and arranged so that the concavo-convex shapes are engaged with each other, the additional washer 73 is brought into close contact with the upper washer 72 as it is, and then the nut 5 is bolted. 4 to fasten the pair of plate-like members.

  When the upper washer 72 and the additional washer 73 face each other, when the convex portions 81 and 83 contact each other, the additional washer 73 is moved in the second direction Y within the range of the allowance to adjust the position. . Further, the position adjustment may be performed by rotating the additional washer 73 around the center line of the bolt hole 76 by 180 degrees. By performing the position adjustment in this manner, the convex portions 81 and the concave portions 84 face each other, the concave portions 82 and the convex portions 83 face each other, and the concave and convex shapes of the upper washer 72 and the additional washer 73 are engaged with each other.

  According to such a washer unit 70, the lower washer 71, the upper washer 72, and the additional washer 73 are brought into close contact with each other, so that shear resistance can be generated in the first direction X and the second direction Y, and the positional shift can be prevented. It can prevent and improve seismic performance.

  (Fifth embodiment)

  As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the pair of washer members 90 includes a lower washer 91 and an upper washer 92, and generates shear resistance in two orthogonal directions. The pair of washers 90 is different from the pair of washers 10 shown in FIG. 1 in that a lower washer 91 is provided instead of the lower washer 11 and an upper washer 92 is provided instead of the upper washer 12. . In addition, the same description as said embodiment is abbreviate | omitted.

(Lower washer)
As shown in FIG. 20, the lower washer 91 has a rectangular plate shape, for example, and a bolt hole 93 through which the bolt 4 is inserted is provided at the center. The bolt hole 93 is an enlarged hole having an inner diameter that is twice the outer diameter of the bolt 4. In FIG. 20, the bolt 4 and the bolt hole 94 of the upper washer 92 are indicated by phantom lines.

  On the top surface 91a, which is a surface in contact with the upper washer 92 of the lower washer 91, an uneven shape is formed as an engaging portion that engages with the upper washer 92. This uneven shape is constituted by a plurality of convex portions 95 and concave portions 96. The convex portion 95 and the concave portion 96 form a rectangle having the same shape when viewed in the plate thickness direction Z. The convex portions 95 and the concave portions 96 are regularly arranged at regular intervals in the first direction X, and are regularly arranged at regular intervals in the second direction Y. The convex portions 95 and the concave portions 96 are alternately arranged in the first direction X and are alternately arranged in the second direction Y. The convex portion 95 and the concave portion 96 may be square or rectangular when viewed from the thickness direction.

(Upper washer)
As shown in FIG. 21, the upper washer 92 has, for example, a rectangular plate shape, and a bolt hole 94 through which the bolt 4 is inserted is provided at the center. A play allowance is provided in the bolt hole 94. In FIG. 21, the bolt 4 is indicated by a virtual line.

  On the bottom surface 92 a, which is a surface in contact with the lower washer 91 of the upper washer 92, an uneven shape is formed as an engaging portion that engages with the lower washer 91. This uneven shape is constituted by a plurality of convex portions 97 and concave portions 98. The convex portion 97 and the concave portion 98 form a rectangle having the same shape when viewed from the plate thickness direction Z. The convex portions 97 and the concave portions 98 are regularly arranged in the first direction X at regular intervals, and are regularly arranged in the second direction Y at regular intervals. The convex portions 97 and the concave portions 98 are alternately arranged in the first direction X and are alternately arranged in the second direction Y. The convex portion 97 and the concave portion 98 may be square or rectangular when viewed from the thickness direction.

  In the pair of washer members 90 configured as described above, the top surface 91a of the lower washer 91 and the bottom surface 92a of the upper washer 92 are brought into contact with each other and are in close contact with each other. Specifically, the bolt 4 protruding upward in the bolt hole 93 of the lower washer 91 is inserted into the bolt hole 94 of the upper washer 92. When the upper washer 92 is brought close to the lower washer 91 and the concave and convex shapes are arranged to engage with each other, the lower washer 91 and the upper washer 92 are brought into close contact with each other, and then the nut is fastened to the bolt 4. Then, the pair of plate members are fastened together.

  Further, when the lower washer 91 and the upper washer 92 face each other, when the convex portions 95 and 97 come into contact with each other, the upper washer 92 is moved in the first direction X or the second direction within the range of play allowance. Move to Y to adjust position. Further, the position adjustment may be performed by rotating the upper washer 92 by 180 degrees around the center line of the bolt hole 94. By performing the position adjustment in this manner, the convex portions 95 and the concave portions 98 face each other, the concave portions 96 and the convex portions 97 face each other, and the concave and convex shapes of the lower washer 91 and the upper washer 92 are engaged with each other.

  According to such a pair of washer members 90, the lower washer 91 and the upper washer 92 are brought into close contact with each other, and shear resistance can be generated in the first direction X and the second direction Y, thereby preventing misalignment. Seismic performance can be improved.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the convex cross-sectional shape of the washer member may be trapezoidal. Moreover, a pair of washer members 41-44 as shown in FIG. 22 may be sufficient. Overhangs 47 projecting on both sides in the first direction X are provided on the protrusions 46 of the upper washer 45 of the pair of washer members 41 shown in FIG. The overhang portion 47 extends in the second direction Y and overhangs in the first direction X from the lower end of the convex portion 46. The overhanging portion 47 is formed in a rectangular shape when viewed from the second direction Y.

  The convex portion 49 of the lower washer 48 of the pair of washer members 41 is provided with a receiving portion 50 that receives the protruding portion 47, and the receiving portion 50 is formed to correspond to the protruding portion 47 of the convex portion 46. ing. Further, a recess 51 is formed between the protrusions 46 adjacent to each other in the first direction X of the upper washer 45, and between the protrusions 49 adjacent to each other in the first direction X of the lower washer 48, A recess 52 is formed.

  When such an upper washer 45 is engaged with the lower washer 48, the upper washer 45 and the lower washer 48 face each other, and then the upper washer 45 in the first posture is rotated 180 degrees around the center line L2. As a 2nd attitude | position, the mutual uneven | corrugated shape of the upper washer 45 and the lower washer 48 is made to correspond. Thereafter, the upper washer 45 is moved closer to the lower washer 48 from the outside in the second direction Y, and the convex portion 51 is slid into the concave portion 52, whereby the convex portion 49 is inserted into the concave portion 51, and the receiving portion 50. The overhang portions 47 are respectively inserted into the insides. Thereby, the upper washer 45 and the lower washer 48 can be engaged.

  Through holes 57 and 58 penetrating in the first direction X are formed in the convex portion 54 of the upper washer 53 and the convex portion 56 of the lower washer 55 shown in FIG. A shaft body 59 is inserted through the through holes 57 and 58. Thereby, the movement of the upper washer 53 in the second direction Y can be prevented.

  The protruding portions 61 of the upper washer 60 of the pair of washer members 43 shown in FIG. 22C are provided with overhang portions 62 on both sides in the first direction X. The overhang portion 62 is formed in a triangle when viewed from the second direction Y. The projecting portion 62 has a shape having an oblique side that inclines toward the center of the convex portion 61 as it goes downward.

  The convex portion 64 of the lower washer 63 of the pair of washer members 43 is provided with a receiving portion 65 that receives the protruding portion 62, and the receiving portion 65 is formed to correspond to the protruding portion 62 of the convex portion 61. ing. The protruding portion 62 of the convex portion 61 of the upper washer 60 enters the receiving portion 65 of the convex portion 64 of the lower washer 63. Such a pair of washer members 43 may be used.

  In the pair of washer members 44 shown in FIG. 22 (d), plate-like gap adjusting members 66 are inserted into gaps on both sides in the first direction X of the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12. In the first direction X, the gap adjusting member 66 is sandwiched between the convex portion 17 of the upper washer 12 and the convex portion 15 of the lower washer 11. In such a pair of washer members 44, the movement of the upper washer 12 in the first direction X can be reliably restrained by inserting the gap adjusting member 66.

  In the above embodiment, the lower washer 11 is fixed to the plate member 3 by welding, but the lower washer 11 may be fixed to the plate member 3 by other methods. For example, a fixing projection shape may be provided on the outer periphery of the lower washer 11, and the lower washer 11 may be fixed by concave and convex fitting. Moreover, you may fix the lower washer 11 by providing a twist uneven | corrugated type removal | desorption type | mold hole. Moreover, the structure provided with a mortise slide mechanism may be sufficient. Moreover, the structure provided with the insertion mechanism with a spring stopper which urges | biases the lower washer 11 with a spring may be sufficient. Further, hard rubber may be provided on the outer periphery of the lower washer 11. The lower washer 11 is fixed by pushing the lower washer 11 into a recess or the like.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the cross-sectional shape of the convex parts 15 and 17 is made into the rectangular shape, other shapes, such as trapezoid shape, may be sufficient as the cross-sectional shape of the convex parts 15 and 17, for example.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the volt | bolt is mentioned as a rod-shaped fastening member, a rod-like fastening member is not limited to a volt | bolt, Other rod-shaped intensity | strength members may be sufficient.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tightening apparatus 2 ... 1st plate-shaped member 3 ... 2nd plate-shaped member 4 ... Bolt (bar-shaped binding member)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 ... Nut 7 ... Bolt hole of 1st plate-shaped member 8 ... Bolt hole of 2nd plate-shaped member 10, 41-44 ... A pair of washer members 11, 48, 55, 63, 71 ... Lower washer 12, 45 53, 60, 72 ... upper washer 13, 74 ... lower washer bolt hole 14, 75 ... upper washer bolt hole 15, 49, 56, 64 ... lower washer convex part 16, 52 ... lower washer concave part 17, 46, 54, 61, 79 ... convex part of upper washer 18, 51, 80 ... concave part of upper washer 21 ... 0mm type upper washer 22 ... 1mm type upper washer 23 ... 1.5mm type upper washer 24 ... 0.5mm above Washer 25 ... 2 mm type upper washer 47, 62 ... Overhang part 50, 65 ... Receiving part 57, 58 ... Through hole 66 ... Gap adjusting member 70 ... Washer unit 73 ... Additional washer 76 ... Bolt hole for additional washer Insertion hole)
81 ... convex portion of the upper washer (upper washer second convex portion)
82 ... concave part of the upper washer (second washer second concave part)
83 ... Projection of additional washer (additional washer projection)
84 ... Recessed additional washer (additional washer recessed)
d ₁₄ ... allowance for bolt hole of upper washer L2 ... center line of bolt hole of upper washer L3 ... center line of bolt hole of lower washer X ... first direction Y ... second direction Z ... plate thickness direction

Claims (9)

When the rod-shaped fastening member is used to fasten at least two or more plate-like members having a through-hole through which the rod-like fastening member is inserted, in the extending direction of the rod-like fastening member, A washer unit disposed between an end and the plate member and pressed against the plate member;
A lower washer fixed to the plate member or integrated with the plate member;
An upper washer that forms a pair with the lower washer and is disposed on the end side of the rod-like fastening member,
The lower washer is formed with a long hole extending in the first direction, which is a direction that requires position adjustment,
On the outer surface of the lower washer, a first engaging portion is formed in which a plurality of lower washer convex portions extending in a second direction that is a direction intersecting the first direction are arranged at an equal pitch,
On the surface of the upper washer that comes into contact with the lower washer, a second engaging portion having an upper washer recess that can be engaged with the lower washer convex portion is formed.
In the central portion of the upper washer in the first direction, an insertion hole for inserting the rod-like fastening member is formed,
When viewed from the second direction, the center line of the insertion hole of the upper washer is shifted from the center in the first direction of the upper washer convex portion which is a portion between the adjacent upper washer concave portions. And the washer unit is located at a position shifted from the center of the upper washer recess in the first direction. When viewed from the second direction, the center line of the insertion hole of the upper washer passes through the end of the upper washer convex portion in the first direction and extends in the plate thickness direction of the upper washer. Arranged so as to overlap the first imaginary line,
The width of the convex part of the upper washer is less than twice the length of the play allowance which is a gap in the first direction with the peripheral edge of the insertion hole of the upper washer, the outer peripheral surface of the rod-like fastening member. The washer unit according to claim 1. An additional washer disposed on the end side of the rod-like fastening member with respect to the upper washer and in contact with the upper washer;
The additional washer has an insertion hole through which the rod-like fastening member is inserted,
A surface of the upper washer that contacts the additional washer is formed with a third engaging portion in which a plurality of upper washer second protrusions extending in the first direction are arranged at an equal pitch,
The surface of the additional washer in contact with the upper washer is formed with a fourth engaging portion having an additional washer recess that can be engaged with the upper washer second convex portion. 2. A washer unit according to 2.   When viewed from the first direction, the center line of the insertion hole of the additional washer is at a position shifted from the center in the second direction of the additional washer convex portion that is a portion between the adjacent additional washer concave portions. 4. The washer unit according to claim 3, wherein the washer unit is located at a position shifted from a center of the additional washer recess in the second direction. 5.   The washer unit according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the insertion hole of the additional washer is a long hole extending in the second direction. A method of installing the washer unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The engaging portions of the upper washer and the lower washer face each other in the plate thickness direction, and the upper washer projection is parallel to the lower washer projection when viewed from the plate thickness direction. The upper washer is disposed as the posture, and the upper washer is engaged with the lower washer in the first posture, or the upper washer is 180 degrees around the center line from the first posture. A method for installing a washer unit, comprising: a selection step of selecting whether to engage with the lower washer as the second posture after being rotated.   7. The upper washer position adjusting step of adjusting the position by moving the upper washer in the first direction within a range of play allowance of the insertion hole after the selecting step. How to install the washer unit. When viewed from the second direction, the plurality of types of the top washers having different displacement widths in the first direction between the center line of the insertion hole and the center line of the top washer projection. Further comprising an upper washer preparation step to prepare,
The corresponding upper washer is selected from the plurality of types of the upper washer according to the overlapping length of the upper washer convex portion and the lower washer convex portion in the first posture in the first direction. The installation method of the washer unit according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the selected upper washer faces the lower washer and is arranged in the first posture.   In the upper washer preparation step, an integer value is calculated by subtracting the remainder of the division from a value obtained by dividing the width in the first direction of the upper washer convex portion by an allowable error, and the calculated integer value is calculated. 9. The method of installing a washer unit according to claim 8, wherein the number of the upper washers having the different shift widths is determined based on the determined number of the upper washers having the different shift widths. .

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