JP2014218321A - Elevator device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a traction-type elevator device which improves the lifetime of a traction rope or a pulley wound with the traction rope by reducing uneven abrasion of a rope groove of the pulley.SOLUTION: A pulley wound with a traction rope is supported by a universal joint capable of changing the angle of the pulley in a tensile direction of the traction rope without a hitch. By changing the angle of the pulley, wound with the traction rope, in the tensile direction of the traction rope without a hitch, the tension of the traction rope wound on a plurality of rope grooves formed in the pulley can be properly adjusted. Consequently, the lifetime of the traction rope or pulley can be improved.

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator apparatus that places a car in a hoistway provided in a building and transports a user to a predetermined level, and in particular, connects a car and a counterweight with a rope via an intermediate pulley. The present invention relates to a traction type elevator apparatus.

  In general, many elevator devices called a traction system are widely used. In this traction system, a car and a counterweight are suspended by a traction rope, and the car and the counterweight are moved up and down in the opposite direction by winding the traction rope with a hoist. Moreover, the latest elevator apparatus is mainly a machine room-less type elevator apparatus, which is characterized in that a hoisting machine, a counterweight and a control panel are arranged in a hoistway.

  For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-331264 (Patent Document 1) discloses an elevator apparatus having a configuration in which a hoisting machine is placed in a gap between hoistway walls and a car. In this elevator device, an intermediate pulley fixed to the hoistway is arranged between the car and the counterweight, and the pulley provided on the car and the counterweight is used as a moving pulley, so that the traction rope can be wound by the hoisting machine. A so-called two-to-one roping configuration is adopted in which the amount is twice the moving amount of the car. According to this, the force required for winding the hoisting machine can be reduced by utilizing the principle of the moving pulley. According to this configuration, since the torque required for winding is less than that of one-to-one roping where the winding amount of the traction rope by the hoisting machine is equal to the moving amount of the car, the hoisting composed of an electric motor or the like is required. The machine can be miniaturized.

JP 2004-331264 A

  By the way, in such a traction type elevator device, a hoisting machine, a counterweight, a car, etc. are accommodated in the hoistway, so that there are many such as the upper part of the hoistway, the lower part of the car, the upper part of the counterweight, etc. A pulley that guides the traction rope through the location is provided. And in order to arrange a car, a hoisting machine, a counterweight, etc. in a narrow hoistway, the traction rope in the hoistway needs to be set appropriately in the traveling direction and its angle. The travel direction and its angle are adjusted appropriately. For this reason, depending on the installation conditions of the hoisting machine, the counterweight, the car, etc. and the location where the pulley is used, the pulley may receive a combined load from multiple directions due to the tension of the traction rope.

  In particular, an intermediate pulley (hereinafter referred to as a top pulley) fixed and installed on the upper part of the hoistway is fixed to the ceiling of the hoistway so that the angle cannot be adjusted. For this reason, when the car is operated for a long time in a state of receiving the composite load, a difference in wear amount (uneven wear) occurs in the plurality of rope grooves of the top pulley. For example, if there are a plurality of rope grooves on the top pulley, when the traction rope passes through the combined load with an angle with respect to the rope groove, the rope groove located on the outside is caused by the difference in tension. There is a phenomenon that the rope groove located inside is worn excessively. Of course, the reverse phenomenon may occur.

  For this reason, the difference in wear amount (uneven wear) between the plurality of rope grooves causes the tension of the traction rope passing through each rope groove of the top pulley to become more uneven, thereby causing the traction rope to loosen. And vibration is likely to occur. As a result, the traction ropes come into contact with each other due to the slackness of the traction ropes and the service life is shortened, or a new problem peculiar to the elevator apparatus occurs such that the service life of the bearing provided on the top pulley is reduced.

  In addition, although the above-mentioned description is a subject about a top pulley, the same thing can be said also about the pulley provided in the counterweight.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a traction type elevator apparatus that reduces the uneven wear of a rope groove of a pulley through which a traction rope passes to improve the life of the traction rope or pulley.

  The feature of the present invention is that the pulley is supported by a universal joint that can change the angle of the pulley through which the traction rope passes along the tension direction of the traction rope without any trouble.

  Here, the universal joint includes not only the structures described in the following embodiments but also universal joints having other structures. In short, it is only necessary to have a function that can change the angle of the pulley along the tension direction of the traction rope without any trouble.

  According to the present invention, by appropriately changing the angle of the pulley through which the traction rope passes along the tension direction of the traction rope, the tension of the plurality of traction ropes passing through the plurality of rope grooves formed in the pulley can be appropriately adjusted. You can adjust it. As a result, the life of the traction rope or pulley can be improved.

It is a block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the traction type elevator apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the pulley which showed the concept of the universal joint which becomes one Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the ball joint which actualized the concept of the universal joint shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the thrust self-aligning roller bearing which actualized the concept of the universal joint shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the universal joint which actualized the concept of the universal joint shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the pulley which showed the concept of the universal joint which becomes the other Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications and application examples are included in the technical concept of the present invention. It is included in the range.

  Hereinafter, an elevator apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Before that, a general configuration of a machine room-less elevator apparatus will be described. As is well known, the elevator apparatus is housed inside a hoistway provided in a building.

  In FIG. 1, in an elevator apparatus, a hoisting machine 10 is generally placed on a floor portion of a hoistway and is fixed to a floor surface by a fixing means such as a bolt. Although not shown in detail in FIG. 1, the hoisting machine 10 has a sheave 18 for suspending a plurality of traction ropes 11. The traction rope 11 has both ends TA and TB fixed to the ceiling of the hoistway, and a plurality of traction ropes 11 are generally used in parallel. For this reason, each pulley which will be described later is provided with a plurality of rope grooves around which the plurality of traction ropes 11 are wound. A counterweight pulley 13 is fixed to the upper portion of the counterweight 12, and the end portion TB of the traction rope 11 is fixed to the ceiling wall of the hoistway via the counterweight pulley 13.

  There are two top pulleys (intermediate pulleys) fixed to the ceiling wall of the hoistway, the top pulley A14 and the top pulley B15, and each is fixed to the ceiling wall by a fixing means such as a bolt. Two car lower pulleys 17 for raising and lowering the car 16 up and down are installed at the lower part of the car 17 where passengers get on and off.

  The traction rope 11 passes from the end TB on the counterweight 12 side to the other end TA via the counterweight pulley 13, the top pulley B15, the sheave 18 of the hoisting machine 10, the top pulley A14, and the car lower pulley 17. And is fixed to the ceiling wall of the hoistway.

  Next, the movement of each part during operation of the elevator apparatus will be described. When the hoisting machine 10 is operated and the sheave 18 rotates in the rotation direction indicated by the arrow AR1, the traction rope 11 suspended on the sheave 18 by the friction between the traction rope 11 and the sheave 18 at that time is indicated by the arrow AR2. Move along the rope travel direction shown.

  The top pulley A14, the top pulley B15, the car lower pulley 17, and the counterweight pulley 13 also rotate as the traction rope 11 travels, and the counterweight 12 and the car 16 are moved up and down by the movement of the traction rope 11. The Although not shown in FIG. 1, in order to make the car 16 move up and down smoothly, an actual elevator apparatus is configured to guide the side surface of the car 16 with a guide component called a guide rail.

  In such an elevator apparatus, an operation command is given to an electric motor, a braking mechanism, and the like of the hoisting machine 10 by a controller (not shown), and the car 16 moves up and down toward a predetermined level of the building by the operation command. Is.

  And the cross-sectional area of the hoistway in an actual elevator apparatus is a grade one size larger than the cross-sectional area of the passenger car 16. For this reason, the car lower pulley 17 and the top pulley A14 are installed in a state where they are twisted by 90 degrees at the maximum, and the traveling angle of the traction rope 11 may be changed in an oblique direction. At this time, the top pulley A <b> 14 receives a combined load inclined by the traction rope 11 due to the inclination of the traction rope 11. In addition, this inclination is not uniform, and may vary depending on changes in the position of the car at that time.

  Therefore, when the car 16 is operated for a long time in a state of receiving the composite load, a difference in wear amount (uneven wear) occurs in the plurality of rope grooves of the top pulley A14. That is, when the traction rope 11 is inclined in a certain predetermined direction with an angle due to the combined load and passes through the rope groove, the rope groove located on the outside is excessively worn against the rope groove located on the inside due to the difference in tension. Alternatively, a phenomenon occurs in which the rope groove located on the inner side is excessively worn against the rope groove located on the outer side.

  For this reason, when a difference in wear amount (uneven wear) occurs between the plurality of rope grooves, the tension of the traction rope 11 passing through each rope groove of the top pulley A14 becomes further non-uniform so that the traction rope 11 is liable to occur. As a result, the traction ropes come into contact with each other due to the slackness of the traction ropes and the service life is shortened, or a new problem peculiar to the elevator device is generated such that the service life of the bearing provided on the top pulley A14 is reduced. Similarly, this phenomenon may occur between the counterweight pulley 13 and the top pulley B15.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, a configuration is adopted in which a universal joint that automatically adjusts the angle of the top pulley A14 in the tension direction of the traction rope 11 is provided on the top pulley A14. Here, although the top pulley A14 has been described in the present embodiment, the same configuration can be adopted for the top pulley B15 and the counterweight pulley 13 as a matter of course. Hereinafter, the configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5, and the pulley described in these drawings relates to the top pulley A <b> 14.

  In FIG. 2, the top pulley A <b> 14 includes a pulley body 20 through which the traction rope 11 passes, a bearing portion 21 formed at the center of the pulley body 20, and the pulley body 20 passing through the bearing portion 21. A supporting shaft 22 is provided. Although not illustrated in the pulley body 20, at least a plurality of rope grooves are formed over the entire circumference, and the traction rope 11 passes through the rope grooves. Therefore, when the traction rope 11 travels in the rope groove, the pulley main body 20 can rotate about the support shaft 22 in the rotation direction indicated by the arrow AR3 due to friction at that time. The type of the bearing 21 is not particularly shown, but a deep groove ball bearing, an angular ball bearing, a cylindrical roller bearing, a self-aligning roller bearing, a tapered roller bearing, or the like can be used.

  The top pulley A14 is connected to a support portion 23 that supports the support shaft 22 from both ends to support the pulley body 20, a pulley support shaft 24 that fixes the support portion 23, and the pulley support shaft 24. A universal joint 25 that automatically adjusts the angle of the top pulley A14 in the tension direction of the traction rope 11 is provided. Moreover, the universal joint 25 is being fixed to arbitrary fixed surfaces 26, such as a ceiling wall of a hoistway, a floor surface, and a fixed beam.

  The universal joint 25 is rotatable in the rotational direction of the pulley support shaft 24 indicated by an arrow AR4 with respect to the fixed surface 26, and is also the vertical direction of the pulley main body 1 indicated by the arrow AR5 and the pulley main body 1 indicated by the arrow AR6. It is configured as a joint that can swing freely in the left-right direction. That is, the direction of the pulley body 20 can be adjusted in any direction with respect to the fixed surface 26. For this reason, when the direction of the tension of the traction rope 11 passing through the rope groove changes, the angle of the pulley body 20 can be automatically adjusted in accordance with the change in the direction of action of the tension.

  Therefore, as described above, the top pulley A14 receives a combined load inclined by the traction rope 11 due to the inclination of the traction rope 11, and the pulley main body 20 is moved in the direction of the tension of the traction rope 11 by the combined load. The position is automatically adjusted by the action of the universal joint 25. As a result, the tension of the individual traction ropes 11 acting on the rope grooves formed on the pulley body 20 is appropriately adjusted, and the uneven tension due to the difference in the wear amount of the rope grooves can be reduced.

  For this reason, the difference in wear amount (uneven wear) between the plurality of rope grooves causes the tension of the traction rope 11 wound around each rope groove of the top pulley A14 to become more uneven. Occurrence of a phenomenon that the traction rope 11 is likely to be loosened or vibrated can be suppressed.

  The top pulley A14 and the top pulley B15 according to the present example were employed and the actual operation was performed for 15,000 hours, and the uneven wear of the rope grooves of the top pulley A14 and the top pulley B15 and the damage of the traction rope 11 were investigated. As a result, in the top pulley A14 and the top pulley B15 adopting this embodiment, the amount of uneven wear and the degree of damage are significantly improved with respect to the partial wear and damage to the traction rope 11 as compared with the conventional top pulley. I was able to confirm.

  Next, three specific representative examples of the universal joint 25 will be described. Representative examples are (1) a ball joint, (2) a thrust spherical roller bearing, and (3) a universal joint.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the ball joint 30. The ball joint 30 includes a ball portion 31 that is integral with the pulley support portion shaft 24 or connected to the pulley support shaft 24 by an appropriate fixing means, and a housing portion 32 that encloses the ball portion 31. Although not shown, a dustproof and waterproof cover is attached between the ball portion 31 and the housing portion 32, and the inside is filled with lubricating grease.

  The ball portion 31 can rotate in the rotation direction of the pulley support shaft 24 inside the housing portion 32, and functions as a joint that can swing freely in the vertical direction of the pulley body 1 and in the left-right direction of the pulley body 1. . Therefore, the direction of the pulley body 20 can be adjusted in any direction with respect to the fixed surface 26. For this reason, when the direction of the tension of the traction rope 11 passing through the rope groove changes, the ball portion 31 is displaced corresponding to the change in the direction of the action of the tension to automatically adjust the angle of the pulley body 20. It is something that can be done.

  FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of the thrust self-aligning roller bearing 40. The thrust self-aligning roller bearing 40 is formed on the front side of the small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the small-diameter shaft portion 41 that is integrated with the pulley support-portion shaft 24 or connected to the pulley support shaft 24 by an appropriate fixing means. A large-diameter shaft portion 42 is provided. An inner ring 43 is fixed between the small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the large-diameter shaft portion 42, and an outer ring 44 is fixed to the fixed surface 26. A plurality of barrel-shaped rotating bodies 45 are arranged between the inner ring 43 and the outer ring 44 in a circumferential shape. Therefore, the small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the large-diameter shaft portion 42 can swing by the barrel-shaped rotating body 45, and the small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the large-diameter shaft portion 42 rotate with respect to the fixed surface 26. Is possible.

  The small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the large-diameter shaft portion 42 can be rotated in the rotation direction of the pulley support shaft 24 by the rotating body 45, and also rotate in the vertical direction of the pulley body 1 and the left-right direction of the pulley body 1. The body 45 functions as a swing-free joint. Therefore, the direction of the pulley body 20 can be adjusted in any direction with respect to the fixed surface 26. For this reason, when the direction of the tension of the traction rope 11 passing through the rope groove changes, the small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the large-diameter shaft portion 42 are displaced via the rotating body 45 in response to the change in the direction of the tension action. Thus, the angle of the pulley body 20 can be automatically adjusted.

  Further, FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration of the universal joint 50. The universal joint 50 is integrated with the pulley support portion shaft 24 or a first shaft portion 51 connected to the pulley support shaft 24 by an appropriate fixing means, a second shaft portion 52 fixed to the fixing surface 26, and a space therebetween. And a cross-shaped cross spider 53 interposed therebetween. The end portion of the first shaft portion 51 is rotatably supported on one shaft portion of the cross spider 53, and the end portion of the second shaft portion 52 is connected to the other shaft portion orthogonal to the one shaft portion of the cross spider 53. It is pivotally supported so that it can rotate. The first shaft portion 51 and the second shaft portion 52 can rotate with each other. For example, the first shaft portion is rotatably attached to the pulley support shaft 24 or the second shaft portion 52 is fixed. It is attached to the surface 26 so as to be rotatable.

  The first shaft portion 51 or the second shaft portion 52 can rotate in the rotation direction of the pulley support shaft 24, and the vertical direction of the pulley main body 201 and the horizontal direction of the pulley main body 20 are swung by the cross spider 53. It functions as a movable joint. Therefore, the direction of the pulley body 20 can be adjusted in any direction with respect to the fixed surface 26. For this reason, when the direction of the tension of the traction rope 11 passing through the rope groove changes, the small-diameter shaft portion 41 and the large-diameter shaft portion 42 are displaced via the rotating body 45 in response to the change in the direction of the tension action. Thus, the angle of the pulley body 20 can be automatically adjusted.

  By the way, since this kind of elevator apparatus is provided in a building, it is always affected by an earthquake. In recent large earthquakes, it has been pointed out that long-period ground motion occurs in high-rise buildings in large cities far from the epicenter. In general, long-period ground motion is a low-frequency region with a period of several seconds, so the acceleration value of the building is low. However, this long-period ground motion has a feature that it continues for a long time even if the shaking acceleration of the building is small. For this reason, in particular, the amplitude of the high-rise building resonates with the natural frequency of the high-rise building, and the amplitude suddenly increases. In high-rise buildings, etc., the higher the floor, the stronger the shaking. .

  The traction rope 11 tends to sway greatly in resonance with the sway of the high-rise building. For this reason, in the top pulley A14, the top pulley B15, the counterweight pulley 13 and the like that are hung so that the traction rope 11 passes, when the tension of the traction rope 11 greatly changes due to a large amplitude, the universal joint 25 The support portion 23 and the pulley body 20 may rotate (swing) largely around the attached pulley support shaft 24. For this reason, the some traction rope 11 hung on the pulley main body 20 twists, and the malfunction that the driving | running | working of the traction rope 11 becomes impossible can be considered. Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, a swing angle limiting mechanism as shown in FIG. 6 is provided.

  In FIG. 6, the swing angle limiting mechanism includes a limiting member 60 that is fixed to a fixing portion 61 of the fixing surface 26 and a fixing portion 62 of the support portion 23, and is composed of a wire, a chain, a link, or the like that connects them. Yes. The limiting member 60 has a function of limiting the rotation angle of the support portion 23 to a predetermined angle. That is, the twist of the traction rope 11 based on the rotation of the pulley body 20 around the pulley support shaft 24 is limited to a predetermined angle. As a result, even if the amplitude of the traction rope 11 increases due to an earthquake and the support portion 23 tries to rotate around the pulley support shaft 24, the rotation is limited by a predetermined angle by the limiting member 60. As a result, the traction rope 11 is prevented from being twisted to a predetermined angle or more, and normal traveling is enabled. In addition, when adjusting a predetermined angle, if the length of a wire, a chain, a link, etc. is adjusted, an arbitrary angle can be obtained. The preferred angle should be such that it does not swing more than an angle of about ± 30 ° from the normal normal mounting state.

  Note that the configuration shown in FIG. 6 is merely one example, and other configurations may be adopted. For example, a mechanism for limiting the rotation angle of the pulley support shaft 23 can be provided inside the universal joint 25. Thus, the swing angle limiting mechanism only needs to have a function that prevents the pulley body 20 from rotating (swinging) more than a predetermined angle from the normal mounting angle.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the pulley is supported by the universal joint that can change the angle of the pulley through which the traction rope passes along the tension direction of the traction rope without any trouble.

  Therefore, by changing the angle of the pulley through which the traction rope passes along the tension direction of the traction rope without any trouble, the tension of the traction rope passing through the plurality of rope grooves formed in the pulley can be adjusted appropriately. As a result, the life of the traction rope or pulley can be improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Hoisting machine, 11 ... Traction rope, 12 ... Balance weight, 13 ... Balance weight pulley, 14 ... Top pulley A, 15 ... Top pulley B, 16 ... Ride car, 17 ... Car lower pulley, 18 ... Sheave, 20 ... pulley body, 21 ... bearing, 22 ... support shaft, 23 ... support portion, 24 ... pulley support shaft, 25 ... universal joint.

Claims (5)

A car equipped with a car lower pulley through which a traction rope fixed at one end to the hoistway passes; a counterweight with a counterweight pulley through which the traction rope fixed at the other end passes through the traction rope; An intermediate pulley fixed to the hoistway through which the traction rope passes between a lower car pulley and the counterweight pulley; a sheave around which the traction rope is wound between the counterweight and the car; and In an elevator apparatus provided with a hoisting machine composed of an electric motor that rotates a sheave,
An elevator apparatus characterized in that a universal joint capable of changing at least the angle of the intermediate pulley or the counterweight pulley along the tension direction of the traction rope is provided in the intermediate pulley or the counterweight pulley. In the elevator apparatus according to claim 1,
The intermediate pulley is provided with at least two, one connected to the counterweight pulley side via the traction rope, and the other connected to the car lower pulley side via the traction rope, the universal joint Is provided in one of the intermediate pulleys or both of the intermediate pulleys. In the elevator apparatus according to claim 2,
The universal joint is any one of a ball joint, a thrust spherical roller bearing and a universal joint. In the elevator apparatus according to claim 1,
The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate pulley provided with the universal joint or the counterweight pulley includes a swing angle limiting mechanism that limits the twist of the traction rope to a predetermined angle. In the elevator apparatus according to claim 4,
The intermediate pulley or the counterweight pulley has a pulley support shaft connected to the universal joint and a pulley body attached to the pulley support shaft, and the swing angle limiting mechanism includes the pulley body which is the pulley. An elevator apparatus that restricts rotation about a predetermined angle around a support shaft.

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