JP2014208379A - Hot forging metal mold and hot forging method - Google Patents
Hot forging metal mold and hot forging method Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014208379A JP2014208379A JP2014057558A JP2014057558A JP2014208379A JP 2014208379 A JP2014208379 A JP 2014208379A JP 2014057558 A JP2014057558 A JP 2014057558A JP 2014057558 A JP2014057558 A JP 2014057558A JP 2014208379 A JP2014208379 A JP 2014208379A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009497 press forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/02—Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
Abstract
Description
本発明は、熱間鍛造用金型及び熱間鍛造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hot forging die and a hot forging method.
近年、蒸気タービンの高効率化の要請により、蒸気タービンに用いられるタービンブレード（以下単に「ブレード」という。）も長尺化してきている。約１５００ｍｍを超える長尺のブレード素材を製造する場合では、素材を上型と下型の間に挟み込んで、大型のプレス鍛造でブレード素材に成形する方法が主流である。例えば、特開平４−４６６５１号公報（特許文献１）には三次元形状をした型彫り面を有する上金型および下金型の打撃面を互いに型合わせして構成された三次元形状に優れたキャビティーを用いて鍛造を行うブレードの製造方法の発明が開示されている。ここに開示されている上金型および下金型は、１つの金属材料で一体物で構成されている（例えば、特許文献１の図２および図４参照）。
また、特開平５−５０２３６号公報（特許文献２）には、母材の所要接合面を予め凹凸形状に形成しておき、少なくともその凹凸形状が埋るような厚さにステライト等の硬質材を肉盛溶接することを特徴とした硬化肉盛部の肉盛方法の発明がある。この特許文献２で開示される硬化肉盛部の肉盛方法は、主としてエンジンバルブ等の小物の肉盛溶接に従来から使用されているものである。
In recent years, turbine blades (hereinafter simply referred to as “blades”) used in steam turbines have become longer due to demands for higher efficiency of steam turbines. When manufacturing a long blade material exceeding about 1500 mm, the mainstream method is to insert the material between an upper die and a lower die and form the blade material by large-scale press forging. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-46651 (Patent Document 1) is excellent in a three-dimensional shape configured by matching the striking surfaces of an upper die and a lower die having a three-dimensional shaped engraved surface with each other. An invention of a method for manufacturing a blade for forging using a cavity is disclosed. The upper mold and the lower mold disclosed here are made of a single piece of metal material (see, for example, FIGS. 2 and 4 of Patent Document 1).
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-50236 (Patent Document 2), a required joining surface of a base material is formed in a concavo-convex shape in advance, and a hard material such as stellite is at least thick enough to fill the concavo-convex shape. There is an invention of a method for overlaying a hardened built-up portion, characterized by welding welding. The method of overlaying a hardened overlay portion disclosed in Patent Document 2 is conventionally used mainly for overlay welding of small items such as engine valves.
本発明者の検討によれば、上述した一体物の熱間鍛造用金型の打撃面に肉盛を行う際に、熱間鍛造用金型が大型であると、所望の箇所に任意の肉盛層を形成するのが困難であるという問題がある。すなわち、所望の箇所に任意の肉盛層を形成しようとすると、大型の熱間鍛造用金型の型彫り面の任意の箇所に任意の角度で溶接トーチを配置または移動することが可能な溶接装置および金型支持装置等を使用しなければならず、肉盛溶接を行うための装置が大型化するという問題がある。また、キャビティー（型彫り面）の形状が複雑である場合、そもそも溶接トーチを型彫り面の任意の箇所に任意の角度で配置させること自体が困難な場合もあるという問題がある。
また、一体物の熱間鍛造用金型の一部に割れ等の修復不能な欠陥が生じた場合、金型全体を廃棄処分しなければならず、経済的ではない。
本発明の目的は、肉盛溶接も任意の箇所に所望の肉盛層が形成可能で、経済的にも優れ、製品の大型化、高強度化にも適用可能な熱間鍛造用金型とその熱間鍛造用金型を用いた熱間鍛造方法を提供することである。
According to the study of the present inventor, when performing the overlaying on the striking surface of the above-mentioned hot forging die, the hot forging die has a large size and an arbitrary meat is formed at a desired location. There is a problem that it is difficult to form a raised layer. That is, when an arbitrary build-up layer is formed at a desired location, a welding torch can be arranged or moved at an arbitrary angle at an arbitrary location on the die-cut surface of a large hot forging die. An apparatus, a mold support apparatus, etc. must be used, and there exists a problem that the apparatus for overlay welding will enlarge. Further, when the shape of the cavity (the engraved surface) is complicated, there is a problem that it may be difficult to place the welding torch at an arbitrary angle at an arbitrary position on the engraved surface.
In addition, if a defect such as a crack occurs in a part of the one-piece hot forging die, the entire die must be disposed of, which is not economical.
The object of the present invention is to provide a hot forging die that can be formed into a desired build-up layer at any location, and is economically superior and applicable to an increase in product size and strength. It is to provide a hot forging method using the hot forging die.
本発明は上述した課題に鑑みてなされたものである。
すなわち本発明は、長尺材用の熱間鍛造用金型であって、前記熱間鍛造用金型は、複数個の熱間鍛造用金型片が長尺材の長手方向に一列に並べられた一体の組立て体である熱間鍛造用金型である。
好ましくは、前記長尺材の長手方向において、前記複数個の熱間鍛造用金型片の長さが不均等である熱間鍛造用金型である。
さらに好ましくは、前記熱間鍛造用金型は、４個以上の熱間鍛造用金型片の組立体である熱間鍛造用金型である。
さらに好ましくは、前記熱間鍛造用金型片の打撃面表面に、合金層が形成されている熱間鍛造用金型である。
更に本発明は、熱間鍛造用金型片の材質が、２つ以上の異なる金属材料である熱間鍛造用金型である。
また本発明は、前記複数個の金型片は、外枠に嵌め込むか、或いは、タイロッドにより固定されている熱間鍛造用金型である。
また本発明は、長尺材がブレード用素材である熱間鍛造用金型である。
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems.
That is, the present invention is a hot forging die for a long material, wherein the hot forging die has a plurality of hot forging die pieces arranged in a line in the longitudinal direction of the long material. This is a hot forging die which is a unitary assembly.
Preferably, in the longitudinal direction of the long material, a hot forging die in which the lengths of the plurality of hot forging die pieces are not uniform.
More preferably, the hot forging die is a hot forging die which is an assembly of four or more hot forging die pieces.
More preferably, it is a hot forging die in which an alloy layer is formed on the striking surface of the hot forging die piece.
Furthermore, the present invention is a hot forging die in which the material of the hot forging die piece is two or more different metal materials.
The present invention is also a hot forging die in which the plurality of die pieces are fitted into an outer frame or fixed by tie rods.
Moreover, this invention is a metal mold | die for hot forging whose long material is a raw material for blades.
また本発明は、長尺材の被鍛造素材を熱間鍛造用金型表面に載置する第１の工程と、
前記長尺材の被鍛造素材を熱間鍛造する第２の工程とを有し、
前記熱間鍛造用金型は、複数個の熱間鍛造用金型片の組立体でなり、前記複数個の熱間鍛造用金型片が長尺材の長手方向に一列に並べられて一体となっている熱間鍛造方法である。
The present invention also includes a first step of placing a long material to be forged on the surface of a hot forging die,
A second step of hot forging the long material to be forged,
The hot forging die is an assembly of a plurality of hot forging die pieces, and the plurality of hot forging die pieces are arranged in a line in the longitudinal direction of the long material and integrated. This is a hot forging method.
本発明の熱間鍛造用金型は肉盛溶接も任意の箇所に所望の肉盛層が形成可能で、経済的にも優れ、製品の大型化、高強度化にも適用可能である。 The hot forging die of the present invention can form a desired build-up layer at any location in overlay welding, is economically excellent, and can be applied to increase the size and strength of products.
本発明の熱間鍛造用金型について、図を用いて説明する。
図１は、本発明の熱間鍛造用金型の模式図であり、例えば、ブレードのような長尺材に対し用いるものである。なお、本発明でいう「熱間鍛造」には、恒温鍛造およびホットダイも含まれるものとする。
本発明の熱間鍛造用金型１は、複数個の金型片２を一列に並べて一体物の熱間鍛造用金型とする。これにより、個々の金型片２の大きさを小さくすることができる。そのため、特別な大型肉盛溶接機を新たに用意することなく、型掘り面に対して肉盛を行う際に、金属片２に対して個別に所望の箇所に任意の厚さや形状の肉盛層を形成することが容易となる。
また、もし、一部の金型片に割れが生じた場合でも、当該金型片のみを交換することも可能である。これにより、経済的にも有利な熱間鍛造用金型とすることができる。
なお、金型片の材質は、例えば、ＪＩＳで規定されるＳＫＤ６１、ＳＫＴ４等の熱間金型用鋼の他、例えば、金型を高強度化する場合には、Ａｌｌｏｙ７１８等のＮｉ基超耐熱合金、高速度工具鋼を選択することができる。また、本発明では、それぞれの金型片に加わる負荷の大きさに応じて異なる材質の金型片を組み合わせて熱間鍛造用金型を構成することや、熱間鍛造時の応力が集中する場所および肉盛溶接を容易とする目的で、型彫り面の隅部を分割して、各金型片に加わる応力を低減することも可能である。これらの組み合わせにより、熱間鍛造用金型の寿命を向上させることができる。
また、図１では熱間鍛造用金型の短辺側から見たときの形状が矩形となっているが、これを台形状としても良い。台形状とし、後述する、例えば、外枠で固定し、その熱間鍛造用金型を上型として用いたとき、熱間鍛造用金型の落下を防止することができる。
The hot forging die of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hot forging die according to the present invention, which is used for a long material such as a blade. The “hot forging” in the present invention includes constant temperature forging and hot die.
In the hot forging die 1 of the present invention, a plurality of die pieces 2 are arranged in a line to form an integral hot forging die. Thereby, the magnitude | size of each metal mold | die piece 2 can be made small. Therefore, when performing overlaying on the die digging surface without newly preparing a special large overlay welding machine, overlaying of any thickness or shape is individually performed on the metal piece 2 at a desired location. It becomes easy to form a layer.
Further, even if some of the mold pieces are cracked, it is possible to replace only the mold pieces. Thereby, it can be set as the die for hot forging advantageous economically.
The material of the mold piece is, for example, hot mold steel such as SKD61 and SKT4 specified by JIS, for example, Ni-based super heat resistant such as Alloy 718 when the mold is strengthened. Alloys and high-speed tool steel can be selected. Further, in the present invention, a die for hot forging is configured by combining die pieces of different materials according to the magnitude of the load applied to each die piece, and stress during hot forging is concentrated. In order to facilitate location and overlay welding, it is also possible to divide the corners of the mold engraving surface to reduce the stress applied to each mold piece. By combining these, the life of the hot forging die can be improved.
In addition, in FIG. 1, the shape when viewed from the short side of the hot forging die is rectangular, but it may be trapezoidal. When a trapezoidal shape is used and is fixed with an outer frame, which will be described later, and the hot forging die is used as the upper die, the hot forging die can be prevented from dropping.
また、本発明で用いる金型片２の長さ（長尺材の長手方向の長さ）は、不均等にしてもよい。これは、熱間鍛造中の被鍛造材には捻じりの作用が働くため、例えば、応力が高く加わる箇所の金型片２の長さを長くしたり、逆に、応力が低い箇所は金型片の長さを短くしたりすることで、金型片２の組立体としたときに、熱間鍛造用金型全体にかかる応力を分散することが可能となる。また、必要に応じて、各金型片の応力が加わる箇所を予めシミュレーションで検証し分割場所を決定することが好ましく、もし、応力が高く加わる場所であっても、やむお得ず分割する必要がある場合は、例えば、図１の右隅に示すように、金型片の高さ方向を更に斜めに分割して応力を緩和させることが有効である。
また、各金型片の長手方向の長さは、熱間鍛造用金型に加わる応力や金型片自体が有する材料強度を勘案して長さを決定するのが良い。特に、数万トン以上の熱間鍛造機を用いる際には、金型片に加わる応力も大きくなることから、過度に長さが短くなると金型片が破壊するおそれがあることから、最低でも１００ｍｍ以上の長さとすることが好ましい。
Moreover, you may make the length (length of the longitudinal direction of a elongate material) of the metal piece 2 used by this invention non-uniform | heterogenous. This is because the torsional action acts on the material to be forged during hot forging. For example, the length of the mold piece 2 where the stress is high is increased, or conversely, the portion where the stress is low is the gold By reducing the length of the mold piece, the stress applied to the entire hot forging mold can be dispersed when the mold piece 2 is assembled. Also, if necessary, it is preferable to verify the location where the stress of each mold piece is applied in advance by simulation to determine the division location, and even if it is a location where stress is high, it is necessary to divide it. If there is, for example, as shown in the right corner of FIG. 1, it is effective to relieve the stress by further dividing the height direction of the mold piece further obliquely.
The length in the longitudinal direction of each mold piece is preferably determined in consideration of the stress applied to the hot forging mold and the material strength of the mold piece itself. In particular, when using a hot forging machine of tens of thousands of tons or more, the stress applied to the mold piece also increases, so if the length is excessively short, the mold piece may be destroyed, so at least The length is preferably 100 mm or more.
また、本発明では熱間鍛造用金型１を４個以上の熱間鍛造用金型片の組立体とすることができる。上述したように、金型片の長さを不均一とすることで、応力の分散が可能となる。例えば、鍛造の初期段階から最終段階に移行する、各段階では組み立てた熱間鍛造用金型に加わる応力が各金型片に応じて異なるため、例えば、ブレードの場合では、根部付近、ボス部付近、カバー部付近を分割し、それを更に複数個の金型片に分割することで応力の分散をより確実に行うことができる。特に数万トン以上の熱間鍛造機を使用する際に、本発明の熱間鍛造用金型を用いる場合は、５個以上に分割すると良く、更に好ましくは７個以上とすると良い。
更に、本発明では熱間鍛造用金型１を４個以上の熱間鍛造用金型片とすると、１つの金型片の重量を小さくすることができる。従来のような一体化の金型を大型製品の熱間鍛造に使用しようとすると、どうしても焼入れ時の冷却速度が低下して、靱性を阻害するベイナイトのような金属組織があらわれて靱性が劣化する。これに対し、本発明では、例えば、上述のＪＩＳで規定されるＳＫＤ６１、ＳＫＴ４等の熱間金型用鋼を金型片として用いた場合であっても、特に、金型片の焼入れの際に冷却速度を速くすることが可能となる。その結果、ＳＫＤ６１、ＳＫＴ４等の熱間金型用鋼が有する、優れた高温強度と、高靱性を十分に発揮することが可能となり、高強度と高靱性を兼備する金型片とすることができる。そのため、熱間鍛造用金型片はその重量が小さくできるように、４個以上の熱間鍛造用金型片とするのが好ましい。
In the present invention, the hot forging die 1 can be an assembly of four or more hot forging die pieces. As described above, stress can be dispersed by making the length of the mold piece non-uniform. For example, since the stress applied to the hot forging die assembled in each stage varies from the initial stage of forging to the final stage, depending on each mold piece, for example, in the case of a blade, near the root, the boss By dividing the vicinity and the vicinity of the cover part, and further dividing it into a plurality of mold pieces, the stress can be more reliably dispersed. In particular, when using a hot forging machine of several tens of thousands tons or more, when using the hot forging die of the present invention, it may be divided into 5 or more, more preferably 7 or more.
Furthermore, in the present invention, when the hot forging die 1 is four or more hot forging die pieces, the weight of one die piece can be reduced. When trying to use a conventional integrated die for hot forging of large products, the cooling rate during quenching is inevitably lowered, and a metal structure such as bainite that inhibits toughness appears and the toughness deteriorates. . On the other hand, in the present invention, for example, even when a hot die steel such as SKD61, SKT4, etc. defined by the above-mentioned JIS is used as a die piece, particularly when the die piece is quenched. It is possible to increase the cooling rate. As a result, the high temperature strength and high toughness of hot mold steels such as SKD61 and SKT4 can be fully exhibited, and a mold piece having both high strength and high toughness can be obtained. it can. Therefore, it is preferable that the hot forging die pieces be four or more hot forging die pieces so that the weight thereof can be reduced.
また、本発明では、熱間鍛造用金型片の打撃面表面に、合金層を形成しても良い。
合金層は熱間鍛造時の負荷が大きく加わる箇所に、高強度化可能な材質のものを選定すると、金型片の寿命を高めることが可能となる。また、用いる合金層は、金型片の材質と比較して熱伝導率の低い材質を選定すると、熱間鍛造中に被鍛造材の温度低下を防止する効果も得られる。
上述した、高寿命化、温度低下防止効果の２つの効果を得るには、例えば、Ｎｉ基超耐熱合金製の合金層を形成するのが好ましく、中でも特に、質量％でＢ：０〜０．０２％、Ｃ：０．０１〜０．１５％、Ｍｇ：０〜０．０１％、Ａｌ：０．５〜２％、Ｓｉ：０〜１％、Ｍｎ：０〜１％、Ｔｉ：１〜３％、Ｃｒ：１５〜２２％、Ｃｏ：２〜１５％、Ｎｂ：０〜３％、Ｍｏ：３〜７％、Ｔａ：１〜７％、Ｗ：３〜７％、且つ、Ｔａ単独またはＴａ＋２Ｎｂの合計で１〜７％を含み、残部はＮｉ及び不純物でなる合金を用いるのが好ましい。
Moreover, in this invention, you may form an alloy layer in the striking surface surface of the metal piece for hot forging.
If the alloy layer is made of a material that can increase the strength at a location where a large load is applied during hot forging, the life of the mold piece can be increased. In addition, when the alloy layer to be used is selected from a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the mold piece, an effect of preventing a temperature drop of the material to be forged during hot forging can be obtained.
In order to obtain the above-described two effects of extending the life and preventing the temperature drop, for example, it is preferable to form an alloy layer made of a Ni-base superalloy, and in particular, B: 0 to 0. 02%, C: 0.01 to 0.15%, Mg: 0 to 0.01%, Al: 0.5 to 2%, Si: 0 to 1%, Mn: 0 to 1%, Ti: 1 to 1 3%, Cr: 15 to 22%, Co: 2 to 15%, Nb: 0 to 3%, Mo: 3 to 7%, Ta: 1 to 7%, W: 3 to 7%, and Ta alone or It is preferable to use an alloy containing 1 to 7% in total of Ta + 2Nb and the balance being Ni and impurities.
なお、肉盛層を形成する場合は、金型片と肉盛層との間に、肉盛層とは別の固溶強化型耐熱合金でなる合金層を肉盛溶接により形成し、溶接性を向上させ、金型片の母材と打撃面との間に発生する応力を緩和させることが好ましい。
本発明で言う固溶強化型耐熱合金とは、例えば、ＪＩＳ−Ｇ４９０１やＧ４９０２に示される組成を有する合金のうち、合金元素を固溶させて基地（マトリックス）を強化することが可能な組成を有する合金や、ＡＳＴＭ−Ａ４９４に記される合金で有ればよい。
典型的な成分範囲を示すと、質量％で、Ｃ：０．１５％以下、Ｃｒ：１５〜３０％、Ｃｏ：０〜３％、Ｍｏ：０〜３０％、Ｗ：０〜１０％、Ｎｂ：０〜４％、Ｔａ：０〜４％、Ｔｉ：０〜１％、Ａｌ：０〜２％、Ｆｅ：０〜２０％、Ｍｎ：０〜４％を含み、残部はＮｉ及び不純物でなる合金である。
In addition, when forming a build-up layer, an alloy layer made of a solid solution strengthening type heat-resistant alloy different from the build-up layer is formed between the mold piece and the build-up layer by build-up welding, and weldability It is preferable to reduce the stress generated between the base material of the mold piece and the striking surface.
The solid solution strengthened heat-resistant alloy referred to in the present invention is, for example, a composition capable of strengthening the matrix (matrix) by dissolving an alloy element in an alloy having a composition shown in JIS-G4901 or G4902. Or an alloy described in ASTM-A494.
A typical component range is represented by mass%, C: 0.15% or less, Cr: 15-30%, Co: 0-3%, Mo: 0-30%, W: 0-10%, Nb : 0 to 4%, Ta: 0 to 4%, Ti: 0 to 1%, Al: 0 to 2%, Fe: 0 to 20%, Mn: 0 to 4%, with the balance being Ni and impurities It is an alloy.
上述した本発明の熱間鍛造用金型の固定は、図２、図３に示すように、外枠３に嵌め込むか、或いは、タイロッド４により行うと良い。もちろん、タイロッドによる固定と、外枠に嵌め込む固定とを組み合わせても良い。
何れの固定方法を採用しても、本発明の熱間鍛造用金型片２の組立体でなる熱間鍛造用金型１を固定することができる。
以上、説明する本発明の熱間鍛造用金型は、長さが５００ｍｍ以上の長尺のブレードを鍛造する場合に適用すると良く、より好ましくは１０００ｍｍ以上、更に好ましくは１５００ｍｍ以上の長尺ブレードを鍛造する場合に最適である。
The above-described hot forging die of the present invention may be fixed to the outer frame 3 or using a tie rod 4 as shown in FIGS. Of course, fixing with a tie rod and fixing to be fitted into the outer frame may be combined.
Whichever fixing method is employed, the hot forging die 1 composed of the assembly of the hot forging die pieces 2 of the present invention can be fixed.
As described above, the hot forging die of the present invention to be described is preferably applied when forging a long blade having a length of 500 mm or more, more preferably a long blade having a length of 1000 mm or more, more preferably 1500 mm or more. Ideal for forging.
以下に具体的な実施形態を説明する。
この実施形態としては、長尺材として約１５５０ｍｍのタービンブレード用の熱間鍛造用金型について説明する。今回、説明する熱間鍛造用金型は、数万トンの荷重で熱間鍛造を行う熱間鍛造用金型である。
図１に示すような熱間鍛造用金型１は９個（図中では６個）の金型片２で構成される。金型片２の分割位置は、予め行ったシミュレーション結果によって確認された応力集中部と、肉盛溶接を容易とする位置で分割している。それぞれの金型片の長さは１００ｍｍを超えている。分割位置は、根部付近、ボス部付近、カバー部付近を含み、応力の分散を行っている。また、鍛造時の荷重が大きく加わる金型片２はその長さを長くし、且つ、高強度材の高速度工具鋼で作製している。その他の金型片は、ＪＩＳ−ＳＫＤ６１として、金型片２に加わる荷重の大きさによって、材質を変更している。
それぞれの金型片２のキャビティ（型彫面）には肉盛溶接によって形成されたＮｉ基超耐熱合金の合金層（図示せず）が形成されている。
これらの金型片２は図３に示すようにタイロッド４で固定した後、更に図２で示すように外枠３に組み込まれて熱間鍛造用金型となる。
Specific embodiments will be described below.
In this embodiment, a hot forging die for a turbine blade having a length of about 1550 mm as a long material will be described. The hot forging die described here is a hot forging die that performs hot forging under a load of tens of thousands of tons.
A hot forging die 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is composed of nine (six in the drawing) die pieces 2. The division | segmentation position of the metal mold | die piece 2 is divided | segmented in the position which makes the overlay welding easy, and the stress concentration part confirmed by the simulation result performed beforehand. The length of each mold piece is over 100 mm. The dividing positions include the vicinity of the root, the vicinity of the boss, and the vicinity of the cover, and the stress is distributed. Further, the mold piece 2 to which a large load during forging is applied is made long and made of high-speed tool steel of high strength material. The material of the other mold pieces is changed according to the magnitude of the load applied to the mold piece 2 as JIS-SKD61.
An alloy layer (not shown) of Ni-base superalloy formed by overlay welding is formed in the cavities (molded surfaces) of the respective mold pieces 2.
After these mold pieces 2 are fixed with tie rods 4 as shown in FIG. 3, they are further incorporated into the outer frame 3 as shown in FIG. 2 to form hot forging dies.
前述の図１に示す熱間鍛造用金型の製造方法としては、例えば、以下のような工程にて製造することができる。
先ず、各金型片毎に素材を用意し、後に一体化したときに金型片が一列に並ぶように、所望の寸法に機械加工を行う。このとき、例えば、図１に示すような、熱間鍛造用金型の短辺側から見たときの形状を矩形としたり、或いは、上型用に、台形状の形状とする。
次に、各金型片毎に機械加工により型彫り面形状に粗加工を行う。粗加工を行った型彫り面にＮｉ基超耐熱合金の合金層を肉盛溶接により形成する。このとき、予め肉盛溶接を容易とする位置で分割しているため、任意の箇所に任意の厚さの合金層の形成が可能となる。なお、肉盛溶接が困難な場所とは、例えば、型彫り面の隅部や型彫り面の深さが深い場所等である。
そして、肉盛溶接によって形成された合金層を有する粗加工した金型片を、一旦、熱間鍛造用金型とする所定の位置に並べ、タイボルト等により固定する。この状態で、仕上げの機械加工を行って、最終の型彫り面とする。
なお、各金型片の材質が有する、優れた高温強度と、高靱性を十分に発揮させる目的で熱処理を行うには、金型片の素材に対して行うか、或いは、肉盛溶接前の粗加工を行った金型片の中間材に対して、焼入れと焼戻しを行っておくのが良い。
そして、前述の最終型彫り面を形成した熱間鍛造用金型を、外枠に嵌め込む方法、タイロッドによる固定の方法、または、タイロッドによる固定と、外枠に嵌め込む固定とを組み合わせて熱間鍛造用金型とすることができる。
As a manufacturing method of the hot forging die shown in FIG. 1 described above, for example, it can be manufactured in the following steps.
First, a raw material is prepared for each mold piece, and machining is performed to a desired dimension so that the mold pieces are arranged in a line when they are integrated later. At this time, for example, the shape when viewed from the short side of the hot forging die as shown in FIG. 1 is rectangular, or a trapezoidal shape is used for the upper die.
Next, each mold piece is roughly machined into a carved surface shape by machining. An alloy layer of a Ni-base superalloy is formed on the roughened die-cut surface by overlay welding. At this time, since it is divided in advance at a position that facilitates overlay welding, an alloy layer having an arbitrary thickness can be formed at an arbitrary location. In addition, the place where build-up welding is difficult is, for example, a place where a corner of the die engraved surface or a depth of the die engraved surface is deep.
And the rough-processed metal mold | die piece which has the alloy layer formed by build-up welding is once arranged in the predetermined position used as the metal mold | die for hot forging, and it fixes with a tie bolt etc. In this state, finish machining is performed to obtain the final mold carved surface.
In addition, in order to perform the heat treatment for the purpose of fully exhibiting the excellent high-temperature strength and high toughness possessed by the material of each mold piece, it is performed on the material of the mold piece or before overlay welding It is preferable to quench and temper the intermediate material of the mold piece that has been subjected to roughing.
Then, the hot forging die having the final carved surface described above is heated by combining the method of fitting into the outer frame, the method of fixing with the tie rod, or the fixing with the tie rod and the fixing into the outer frame. It can be used as a forging die.
上述した熱間鍛造用金型を用いて、タービンブレードのような長尺材を熱間鍛造する場合は、所望の加熱温度に加熱した長尺材の被鍛造素材を熱間鍛造用金型表面に載置し、次に、前記長尺材の被鍛造素材を熱間鍛造する第２の工程により、熱間鍛造が行える。
以上、説明する本発明によれば、肉盛溶接も任意の箇所に所望の肉盛層が形成可能で、経済的にも優れ、製品の大型化、高強度化にも適用可能である。
When hot forging a long material such as a turbine blade using the hot forging die described above, the surface of the long forged material heated to a desired heating temperature is the surface of the hot forging die. Next, hot forging can be performed by the second step of hot forging the long material to be forged.
As described above, according to the present invention to be described, it is possible to form a desired build-up layer at any location, and it is economically superior, and can be applied to increase the size and strength of a product.
１ 熱間鍛造用金型
２ 金型片
３ 外枠
４ タイロッド
1 Hot forging die 2 Mold piece 3 Outer frame 4 Tie rod
Claims (9)
前記長尺材の被鍛造素材を熱間鍛造する第２の工程とを有し、
前記熱間鍛造用金型は、複数個の熱間鍛造用金型片の組立体でなり、前記複数個の熱間鍛造用金型片が長尺材の長手方向に一列に並べられて一体となっていることを特徴とする熱間鍛造方法。
A first step of placing the long material to be forged on the hot forging die surface;
A second step of hot forging the long material to be forged,
The hot forging die is an assembly of a plurality of hot forging die pieces, and the plurality of hot forging die pieces are arranged in a line in the longitudinal direction of the long material and integrated. The hot forging method characterized by becoming.
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