JP2014194234A - Braking device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a braking device that can restrain variations in natural frequencies of a disk rotor.SOLUTION: The braking device comprises: a cylindrical drum part 1 including a fixed part 4 fixed to a wheel; a disk rotor 2 connected to the outer peripheral side of the drum part; shoes 31 arranged on the inner peripheral side of the drum part; and an actuator 32 for pressing the shoes against an inner peripheral surface 3a of the drum part at the time of braking. The number of the shoes is a multiple of 4, and the shoes are arranged at regular intervals in a circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface.

Description

  The present invention relates to a braking device.

  Conventionally, there is a technique for measuring the natural frequency of a brake disk. For example, in Patent Document 1, any of vibration in the radial direction with respect to the outer peripheral side surface of the disk main body portion, vibration in the radial direction with respect to the hat portion, and vibration in the rotation axis direction with respect to the mounting flange portion is provided. To detect the response wave during vibration with a sensor such as a microphone, and analyze the frequency of the detected response wave to determine the natural frequency of the brake disk in the in-plane vibration mode. A technique for number measurement is disclosed.

JP 2004-19715 A

  Here, when the disk rotor is used while being attached to a vehicle, the natural frequency of the disk rotor changes with respect to a single natural frequency in the manufacturing stage due to the influence of the material and shape of the hub and the disk wheel. As a result, a brake squeal may occur at a frequency that is not assumed in the manufacturing stage.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a braking device that can suppress variations in the natural frequency of a disk rotor.

  The braking device of the present invention includes a cylindrical drum portion having a fixing portion fixed to a wheel, a disc rotor connected to the outer peripheral side with respect to the drum portion, and an inner peripheral side with respect to the drum portion. And an actuator that presses the shoe toward the inner peripheral surface of the drum portion during braking, the number of shoes is a multiple of four, and the shoe is It is characterized by being arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the surface.

  In the braking device, it is preferable that a total contact range between the shoe and the inner peripheral surface is 180 degrees or more.

  In the braking device, it is preferable that the contact areas of the shoes and the inner peripheral surface are equal.

  The braking device further includes a detection device that detects contact between each shoe and the inner peripheral surface, and the detection device is disposed at the center of the contact surface between the shoe and the inner peripheral surface. It is preferable.

  A braking device according to the present invention includes a cylindrical drum portion having a fixed portion fixed to a wheel, a disk rotor connected to the outer peripheral side with respect to the drum portion, and an inner peripheral side with respect to the drum portion. And an actuator that presses the shoe toward the inner peripheral surface of the drum portion during braking, the number of shoes is a multiple of four, and the shoes are circumferential with respect to the inner peripheral surface. Are arranged at equal intervals. According to the braking device of the present invention, there is an effect that variation in the natural frequency of the disk rotor can be suppressed.

FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view showing a main part of a braking device according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the braking device according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the axial direction showing the parking brake portion. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the axial direction showing the rigidity improving mechanism according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in the axial direction illustrating the operation of the rigidity improving mechanism according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the vibration detection result of the disk rotor when the rigidity improving mechanism is not operated during braking. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the vibration detection result of the disk rotor when the rigidity improving mechanism is operated during braking.

  Hereinafter, a braking device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this embodiment. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

[Embodiment]
The embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7. The present embodiment relates to a braking device. FIG. 1 is a sectional view in the axial direction showing the main part of the braking device according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the braking device according to the embodiment, and FIG. 3 is an axial direction showing the parking brake portion. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the axial direction showing the rigidity improving mechanism according to the embodiment, and FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view showing when the rigidity improving mechanism according to the embodiment is operating. .

  As shown in FIG. 1, the braking device 1-1 according to the embodiment includes a drum unit 1, a disk rotor 2, a shoe 31, and an actuator 32. Further, the braking device 1-1 includes a parking brake shoe 21 and a parking brake actuator 22.

  The braking device 1-1 is a so-called drum-in disc brake, and includes a disc brake unit 10 and a parking brake unit 20. The disc brake unit 10 includes a disc rotor 2, a brake pad 11, a caliper 12, and a piston 13. The disk rotor 2 is connected to the outer peripheral side with respect to the drum portion 1. The drum portion 1 has a cylindrical shape, and a fixed portion 4 is provided at one end of the cylindrical portion 3 in the axial direction. The fixing part 4 has a disk shape and closes one end of the cylindrical part 3. The disk rotor 2 is a flange-shaped part connected to the end of the cylindrical part 3 opposite to the fixed part 4 side.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the drum portion 1 is fixed to the hub 5. The hub 5 has a plurality of male screw portions 6. A plurality of through holes 4 a corresponding to the male screw portion 6 are formed in the fixed portion 4 of the drum portion 1. The drum portion 1 is fixed to the hub 5 by fastening a nut (not shown) to the male screw portion 6 inserted into the through hole 4a. In addition to the through hole 4a of the drum part 1, the fixing part of the drum part 1 is secured by inserting the male screw part 6 into a through hole formed in a wheel (disc wheel) of a wheel (not shown) and then fastening the nut. 4 and the wheel can be fixed to the hub 5 integrally. Accordingly, the drum unit 1 is fixed to the wheel and rotates integrally with the wheel.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the brake pad 11 regulates the rotation of the disk rotor 2 by making frictional contact with the disk rotor 2. The pair of brake pads 11 and 11 are opposed to each other in the axial direction with the disc rotor 2 interposed therebetween, and are supported by the caliper 12. One brake pad 11 is driven to be pressed by a piston 13. The piston 13 is disposed in a cylinder 12 a formed in the caliper 12, moves in the axial direction by hydraulic pressure supplied from the master cylinder, and presses the brake pad 11 toward the disc rotor 2. The brake pedaling force by the driver is converted into hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder and supplied to the cylinder 12a. A hydraulic control device may be interposed between the master cylinder and the cylinder 12a. When the pair of brake pads 11 and 11 sandwich and press the disk rotor 2 by the hydraulic pressure at the time of braking, the rotation of the disk rotor 2 is restricted by the frictional force, and a braking force is generated.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the parking brake unit 20 is disposed inside the drum unit 1. FIG. 3 shows an AA cross section of FIG. The parking brake unit 20 includes a parking brake shoe 21, a parking brake actuator 22, and a holding unit 23. One end of the pair of parking brake shoes 21 and 21 is held by the holding portion 23, and the other end is connected to the parking brake actuator 22. The parking brake actuator 22 and the holding part 23 are provided on the back plate 7 shown in FIG. The back plate 7 is fixed to the vehicle body side and cannot rotate.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the parking brake actuator 22 moves the parking brake shoes 21, 21 toward the outside in the radial direction as indicated by an arrow Y <b> 1, and moves the parking brake shoes 21, 21, i.e., the inner peripheral surface of the drum portion 1, i.e. It contacts with the inner peripheral surface 3a of the cylindrical part 3 shown in FIG. 1, and it presses toward the inner peripheral surface 3a. Thereby, the rotation of the drum unit 1 is restricted, and a braking force that restricts the rotation of the wheel is generated. The parking brake unit 20 functions as a parking brake for parking.

  The parking brake actuator 22 presses the parking brake shoes 21 and 21 toward the inner peripheral surface 3a when an operation input for operating the parking brake is made. The parking brake actuator 22 may be a wheel cylinder, for example. In this case, when an operation input for operating the parking brake is made, hydraulic pressure is supplied to the parking brake actuator 22, and the parking brake shoes 21, 21 are driven radially outward by the hydraulic pressure.

  Further, when an operation input for releasing the parking brake is made, the supply of hydraulic pressure to the parking brake actuator 22 is stopped. As a result, the parking brake shoes 21 and 21 are pulled back inward in the radial direction by a return spring (not shown) and separated from the inner peripheral surface 3 a of the drum portion 1.

  Here, it is desired that the brake squeal can be suppressed when braking by the disc brake unit 10 is performed. The squealing of the brake occurs when the frequency of vibration due to friction during braking matches the in-plane eigenvalue of the disk rotor 2. The in-plane eigenvalue is a natural frequency or a natural frequency of in-plane vibration that is vibration in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the disk rotor 2. It is conceivable to manufacture the disk rotor 2 so that the in-plane eigenvalue of the disk rotor 2 is set to a desired value so that vibration during braking can be suppressed.

  However, the actual in-plane eigenvalue of the disk rotor 2 changes with respect to a single eigenvalue due to the influence of the material and shape of the hub 5 and the disk wheel when mounted on the vehicle. As a result, a squeal may occur at a frequency that was not assumed. There are various types of disc wheels and hubs 5 on the market, and it is difficult to build the disc rotor 2 so that squealing can be suppressed for all combinations.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment includes a rigidity improving mechanism 30 that improves the rigidity of the drum unit 1. The rigidity improving mechanism 30 improves the rigidity of the drum unit 1 and suppresses variations in the eigenvalues of the disk rotor 2 due to changes in rigidity of the hub 5 and the mounting surface of the disk wheel. That is, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 can suppress variations in the natural frequency of the disc rotor 2 when mounted on a vehicle and used. Therefore, according to the braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment, the squealing of the brake can be suppressed / reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 is disposed inside the drum unit 1. The rigidity improving mechanism 30 is disposed outside the vehicle in the axial direction with respect to the parking brake unit 20. That is, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 is located closer to the fixed part 4 than the parking brake part 20. The stiffness improving mechanism 30 is provided on the back plate 7 shown in FIG.

  4 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. The rigidity improving mechanism 30 includes a shoe 31 (31A, 31B, 31C, 31D), an actuator 32, a holding portion 33, base members 34, 35, and a touch sensor 36 (36A, 36B, 36C, 36D). It consists of

  The rigidity improving mechanism 30 includes a first shoe 31A, a second shoe 31B, a third shoe 31C, and a fourth shoe 31D as shoes 31. Each shoe 31 </ b> A, 31 </ b> B, 31 </ b> C, 31 </ b> D is a plate-like member curved in an arc shape, and is disposed on the inner peripheral side with respect to the tubular portion 3 of the drum portion 1. The curvature of the outer peripheral surface of each shoe 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D is the same as the curvature of the inner peripheral surface 3a of the cylindrical portion 3. The first shoe 31A and the second shoe 31B are attached to the first base member 34 and face the inner peripheral surface 3a in the radial direction. The third shoe 31C and the fourth shoe 31D are attached to the second base member 35, and oppose each other in the radial direction with respect to the inner peripheral surface 3a. One end of each of the first base member 34 and the second base member 35 is held by the holding portion 33, and the other end is connected to the actuator 32.

  The actuator 32 presses the shoe 31 toward the inner peripheral surface 3a of the drum portion 1 during braking. The actuator 32 is a linear actuator, and extends by a driving force generated. The actuator 32 extends as shown by an arrow Y2 in FIG. 4 by a driving force generated by an electromagnetic force, for example, and drives the base members 34 and 35 outward in the radial direction. The driving force of the actuator 32 moves the base members 34 and 35 outward in the radial direction against the urging force of the return spring. Thereby, each shoe 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D contacts the inner peripheral surface 3a and is pressed toward the inner peripheral surface 3a (see FIG. 5). In the first shoe 31A, when the first base member 34 is driven outward in the radial direction, the center 37 in the circumferential direction becomes the center of the contact area with the inner peripheral surface 3a. Similarly, in the second shoe 31B, when the first base member 34 is driven outward in the radial direction, the center 38 in the circumferential direction becomes the center of the contact area with the inner peripheral surface 3a. Similarly, in the third shoe 31C and the fourth shoe 31D, when the second base member 35 is driven outward in the radial direction, the centers 39 and 40 in the circumferential direction are in contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a, respectively. The center of the area.

  When the shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D are pressed against the inner peripheral surface 3a, the rigidity of the drum portion 1, for example, the rigidity of the cylindrical portion 3 is improved. As a result, the influence of the material and shape of the hub 5 and the disk wheel on the eigenvalue of the disk rotor 2 is suppressed / reduced. By improving the rigidity of the cylindrical portion 3 that connects the fixing portion 4 having the attachment surface to the hub 5 and the disc wheel and the disc rotor 2, variations in eigenvalues due to changes in the rigidity of the attachment surface are suppressed. Therefore, according to the braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment, the squealing of the brake is suppressed.

  In the braking device 1-1 of the present embodiment, the actuator 32 is controlled by the brake ECU 50 shown in FIG. The brake ECU 50 is an electronic control unit having a computer, and has a function of integrally controlling the braking device 1-1. The brake ECU 50 is connected to the brake operation amount sensor 51 and acquires a signal indicating the detection result of the brake operation amount sensor 51. The brake operation amount sensor 51 detects an operation amount with respect to a brake operator by a driver, and detects, for example, a stroke amount of a brake pedal and a hydraulic pressure of a master cylinder.

  When braking by the disc brake unit 10 is performed, the brake ECU 50 operates the actuator 32 when the brake operation amount detected by the brake operation amount sensor 51 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, for example. Press against the inner peripheral surface 3a. Therefore, the shoe 31 is pressed against the drum portion 1 to improve the rigidity of the drum portion 1 at the time of braking when the brake pads 11 and 11 come into contact with the disc rotor 2 to restrict the rotation of the disc rotor 2. Thus, according to the braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment, the rigidity of the drum unit 1 can be improved during braking by the disc brake unit 10, so that the rigidity of the drum unit 1 itself is made small. Thus, the weight and size of the drum unit 1 can be reduced.

  The rigidity improving mechanism 30 according to the present embodiment can generate a braking force by restricting the rotation of the drum unit 1. In the present embodiment, a friction member is disposed on at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3 a of the drum portion 1. Therefore, the rotation of the drum portion 1 is restricted when the shoe 31 contacts the inner peripheral surface 3a. The brake ECU 50 determines the sum of the braking force (braking torque) generated by the disc brake unit 10 and the braking force (braking torque) generated by the rigidity improving mechanism 30 as the braking force (braking torque) required for the vehicle. Thus, it is preferable to cooperatively control the disc brake unit 10 and the rigidity improving mechanism 30.

  Moreover, in the braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment, the number of the shoes 31 is a multiple of 4, and the shoes 31 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the inner peripheral surface 3a. Thereby, the bias | inclination of the rigidity of the drum part 1 is suppressed. As shown in FIG. 4, the circumferential center 37 of the first shoe 31A and the circumferential center 39 of the third shoe 31C are located on a straight line L1 orthogonal to the central axis X. The center axis X is the center axis of the inner peripheral surface 3 a and also the center of rotation of the hub 5. The first shoe 31A and the third shoe 31C are equidistant from the central axis X and are opposed to each other in the radial direction with the central axis X in between.

  The circumferential center 38 of the second shoe 31B and the circumferential center 40 of the fourth shoe 31D are located on a straight line L2 orthogonal to the central axis X. The second shoe 31B and the fourth shoe 31D are equidistant from the central axis X and are opposed to each other in the radial direction across the central axis X. The straight line L1 and the straight line L2 are orthogonal to each other. Further, the circumferential lengths of the shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D are equal. Thus, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 can improve the rigidity of the drum unit 1 in a well-balanced manner by arranging the four shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, and 31D at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

  Moreover, in the braking device 1-1 of this embodiment, the sum total of the contact range of the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a is 180 degrees or more. Here, the contact range between the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a is the sum of the central angles of the arcs of the shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D centered on the central axis X. For example, the contact range between the first shoe 31A and the inner peripheral surface 3a is the central angle θ1 of the arc of the first shoe 31A centered on the central axis X. In other words, the contact range between the first shoe 31A and the inner peripheral surface 3a is an imaginary line L3 connecting one circumferential end of the first shoe 31A and the central axis X, and the other circumferential end of the first shoe 31A. And an imaginary line L4 connecting the central axis X and the angle θ1. The contact range is preferably a value when each shoe 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a.

  In the present embodiment, the contact ranges of the shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D and the inner peripheral surface 3a are equal to each other and 45 degrees or more, respectively. Therefore, the total contact range between the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a is 180 degrees or more. As described above, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 has a large contact range between the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a, thereby appropriately improving the rigidity of the drum section 1 and balancing the rigidity of the drum section 1. It can be improved well. From the viewpoint of improving the rigidity of the drum portion 1, it is preferable that the total contact range between the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a is large. The total contact range may be, for example, the entire circumference (360 degrees) or a value near 360 degrees.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the contact area of each shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a is equal. As described above, the contact ranges of the shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D and the inner peripheral surface 3a are equal to each other. The widths of the shoes 31A, 31B, 31C, 31D, that is, the lengths in the axial direction are equal to each other. Therefore, the contact area between the first shoe 31A and the inner peripheral surface 3a, the contact area between the second shoe 31B and the inner peripheral surface 3a, the contact area between the third shoe 31C and the inner peripheral surface 3a, and the fourth shoe The contact area between 31D and the inner peripheral surface 3a is equal to each other. Thereby, the rigidity improvement mechanism 30 can improve the rigidity of the drum part 1 with sufficient balance.

  The braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment includes a touch sensor 36 (36A, 36B, 36C, 36D) as a detection device that detects contact between each shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a. The touch sensor 36 is disposed at the center of the contact surface between the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a. Specifically, the first touch sensor 36A detects contact between the first shoe 31A and the inner peripheral surface 3a. The first shoe 31A is configured such that when the actuator 32 is pressed and driven toward the inner peripheral surface 3a by the actuator 32, the entire outer peripheral surface thereof contacts the inner peripheral surface 3a. The first touch sensor 36A is disposed at the center in the circumferential direction of the first shoe 31A. That is, the first touch sensor 36A is disposed at the center of the contact surface between the first shoe 31A and the inner peripheral surface 3a.

  Similarly, the second touch sensor 36B is arranged at the center of the contact surface between the second shoe 31B and the inner peripheral surface 3a, and the third touch sensor 36C is a contact surface between the third shoe 31C and the inner peripheral surface 3a. The fourth touch sensor 36D is disposed at the center of the contact surface between the fourth shoe 31D and the inner peripheral surface 3a. As described above, since the touch sensor 36 is arranged at the center of the contact surface between the shoe 31 and the inner peripheral surface 3a, the touch sensor 36 accurately determines whether the shoe 31 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a. Can be detected.

  The brake ECU 50 can control the actuator 32 based on the detection result of the touch sensor 36. For example, the brake ECU 50 controls the driving force by the actuator 32 so that all the touch sensors 36A, 36B, 36C, and 36D are in contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a. Thereby, it is possible to realize a state in which each touch sensor 36A, 36B, 36C, 36D is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a during braking, and the rigidity of the drum portion 1 can be improved during braking.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vibration detection result of the disc rotor 2 when the rigidity improving mechanism 30 is not operated during braking in the braking device 1-1 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a braking device according to the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the vibration detection result of the disc rotor 2 at the time of operating the rigidity improvement mechanism 30 at the time of braking in 1-1.

  When the rigidity improving mechanism 30 is not operated, that is, when the shoe 31 is not brought into contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a of the drum portion 1, two peaks appear in the vicinity of 12,000 Hz as indicated by reference numeral C1 in FIG. On the other hand, when the rigidity improving mechanism 30 is operated, that is, when the shoe 31 is brought into contact with the inner peripheral surface 3a of the drum portion 1, as shown by reference numeral C2 in FIG. Is one. That is, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 suppresses variations in the in-plane eigenvalues of the disk rotor 2 and suppresses brake noise.

[Modification of Embodiment]
A modification of the embodiment will be described. In the above embodiment, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 has the four shoes 31, but is not limited to this. The number of shoes 31 included in the rigidity improving mechanism 30 can be determined as appropriate. If the number of the shoes 31 is a multiple of 4, it is advantageous in that the rigidity of the drum portion 1 can be improved in a balanced manner.

  In the above embodiment, the number of the actuators 32 is 1, but instead, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 may have a plurality of actuators. In the present embodiment, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 is provided separately from the parking brake part 20, but instead, the rigidity improving mechanism 30 may also function as the parking brake part 20.

  The contents disclosed in the above embodiments can be executed in appropriate combination.

1-1 Braking device 1 Drum part 2 Disc rotor 3 Cylindrical part 3a Inner peripheral surface 4 Fixed part 5 Hub 10 Disc brake part 20 Parking brake part 30 Stiffness improving mechanism 31 Shoe 31A First shoe 31B Second shoe 31C Third shoe 31D Fourth shoe 32 Actuator 36 Touch sensor 50 Brake ECU

Claims (4)

A cylindrical drum portion having a fixed portion fixed to the wheel;
A disc rotor connected to the outer peripheral side with respect to the drum portion;
A shoe disposed on the inner peripheral side with respect to the drum portion;
An actuator that presses the shoe toward the inner peripheral surface of the drum portion during braking;
And the number of the shoes is a multiple of four, and the shoes are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the inner peripheral surface. The braking device according to claim 1, wherein a total contact range between the shoe and the inner peripheral surface is 180 degrees or more. The braking device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a contact area between each shoe and the inner peripheral surface is equal. Furthermore, a detection device that detects contact between each shoe and the inner peripheral surface,
The braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the detection device is disposed at a center of a contact surface between the shoe and the inner peripheral surface.

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