JP2014173062A - Tread rubber composition and pneumatic tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tread rubber composition which can improve fuel economy, wet grip performance and wear resistance in a balanced manner while considering the environmental aspect, and a pneumatic tire comprising a tread prepared using the same.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a tread rubber composition comprising a rubber component, an epoxidized palm oil with an oxirane oxygen content of 0.1-5.0 mass%, and a terpene resin.

Description

The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tread and a pneumatic tire having a tread produced using the rubber composition.

In recent years, from the viewpoints of exhaustion of petroleum resources, reduction of rolling resistance, consideration for the environment, and the like, it is desired to use non-oil resources (non-petroleum materials) such as natural rubber as tire materials. Therefore, rubber components, fillers, softeners, etc. of tread rubber, which have a particularly high tire occupancy ratio, have been tried to increase the usage ratio, for example, using only natural rubber as the rubber component. There is a problem that the wet grip performance is inferior to that of a tread rubber mainly composed of a conventional styrene butadiene rubber.

In order to solve this problem, it has been proposed to improve wet grip performance by using epoxidized natural rubber as a rubber component and silica as a filler. In comparison, the performance balance of rolling resistance, wet grip performance, and wear resistance is inferior.

Further, Patent Document 1 discloses a rubber composition having improved fuel efficiency and wet grip performance using epoxidized natural rubber, plant-derived oil, and the like. However, fuel efficiency, wet grip performance and wear resistance are disclosed. There is still room for improvement in gender performance balance.

JP 2011-089078 A

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, considers the environment, and improves the fuel economy, wet grip performance and wear resistance in a well-balanced manner, and a tread rubber produced using the same. An object is to provide a tire entering.

The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tread comprising a rubber component, an epoxidized palm oil having an oxysilane oxygen content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and a terpene resin.

The iodine value of the epoxidized palm oil is preferably less than 60.

The content of the epoxidized palm oil and the terpene resin with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass.

The present invention also relates to a pneumatic tire having a tread produced using the rubber composition.

According to the present invention, since it is a rubber composition for a tread containing a rubber component, an epoxidized palm oil having an oxysilane oxygen content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and a terpene resin, it is environmentally friendly. On the other hand, it is possible to provide a pneumatic tire with improved fuel economy, wet grip performance and wear resistance in a well-balanced manner.

The rubber composition for a tread of the present invention includes a rubber component, an epoxidized palm oil having an oxysilane oxygen content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and a terpene resin. By using a specific epoxidized palm oil and terpene resin as a softener, the fuel consumption, wet grip performance and wear resistance can be improved in a well-balanced manner while increasing the usage ratio of non-oil resources. Balance can be improved synergistically.

The rubber component is not particularly limited, and natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene isoprene butadiene rubber (SIBR), Examples include diene rubbers such as ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rubber (CR), and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Among them, NR and ENR are preferable, and ENR is particularly preferable in terms of depletion of petroleum resources, consideration for the environment, low fuel consumption, wear resistance, and wet grip performance.

The ENR is not particularly limited, and may be a commercially available epoxidized natural rubber or an epoxidized natural rubber (NR). The method for epoxidizing natural rubber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a chlorohydrin method, a direct oxidation method, a hydrogen peroxide method, an alkyl hydroperoxide method, and a peracid method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-26617, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 2). No. 110182, British Patent No. 2113692, etc.). Examples of the peracid method include a method of reacting an organic peracid such as peracetic acid or performic acid with natural rubber. In addition, epoxidized natural rubber having various epoxidation rates can be prepared by adjusting the amount of organic peracid and the reaction time.

The natural rubber to be epoxidized is not particularly limited, and, for example, SIR20, RSS # 3, TSR20, deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), etc., which are common in the tire industry can be used.

The epoxidation rate of ENR is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, and further preferably 20 mol% or more. The epoxidation rate is preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 50 mol% or less, and still more preferably 40 mol% or less. If it is less than 5 mol%, the wet grip performance may not be sufficiently improved. If it exceeds 60 mol%, vulcanization reversion occurs during vulcanization, and rubber physical properties may be deteriorated.

In the present invention, the epoxidation rate is the ratio (mol%) of the number of epoxidized double bonds to the total number of double bonds in the rubber before being epoxidized. It can be calculated from the ratio of the integral value h (ppm) of the carbon-carbon double bond part and the aliphatic part by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR (JNM-ECA series manufactured by JEOL Ltd.)) spectroscopic analysis.

The content of ENR is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more in 100% by mass of the rubber component, because a synergistic effect due to the combined use of a specific epoxidized palm oil and a terpene resin is remarkably obtained. Preferably, it may be 100% by mass.

The epoxidized palm oil used as the softening agent has an oxysilane oxygen content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass. When the amount is less than 0.1% by mass, when the amount exceeds 5.0% by mass, the performance balance may be lowered. The oxysilane oxygen content is preferably 0.3 to 4.0 mass%, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mass%.
In addition, oxysilane oxygen content can be measured by chemical titration by the hydrogen bromide method according to the standard oil and fat analysis test method (1) 2.3.7.1.

The epoxidized palm oil preferably has an iodine value of less than 60. If it is 60 or more, the double bond contained in the fatty acid of the epoxidized palm oil increases, and the vulcanizing agent is consumed in the vulcanization process, so that the rolling resistance tends to deteriorate. The iodine value of the epoxidized palm oil is preferably 55 or less, and more preferably 50 or less. Although the minimum of this iodine value is not specifically limited, 10 or more are preferable and 15 or more are more preferable.

In the present invention, the iodine value is a value obtained by converting the amount of halogen bonded to 100 grams of palm oil into grams of iodine and measured by potentiometric titration (JIS K0070: 1992). It is the value.

The epoxidized palm oil can be prepared by epoxidizing palm oil having an iodine value of less than 60 by a known method such as a method using hydrogen peroxide or a method using an organic peracid such as peracetic acid. Furthermore, a commercial item can also be used.

The content of the epoxidized palm oil having an oxysilane oxygen content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Moreover, this content becomes like this. Preferably it is 20 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 15 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 10 mass parts or less. If the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained. If the amount exceeds 20 parts by mass, the wear resistance may be reduced.

The terpene resin used as the softening agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include resins polymerized using a terpene compound as a monomer. The terpene compound is generally a polymer of isoprene (C ₅ H ₈ ), and is basically a terpene classified into monoterpene (C ₁₀ H ₁₆ ), sesquiterpene (C ₁₅ H ₂₄ ), diterpene (C ₂₀ H ₃₂ ) and the like. A compound having a skeleton, for example, α-pinene, β-pinene, dipentene, limonene, myrcene, alloocimene, ocimene, α-ferrandrene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, 1, 4-cineole, α-terpineol, β-terpineol, γ-terpineol and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the terpene resin include terpene resins (polyterpene resins) such as α-pinene resins, β-pinene resins, limonene resins, dipentene resins, β-pinene / limonene resins made from the above-mentioned terpene compounds; hydrogenated terpene resins And modified terpene resins such as aromatic modified terpene resins (such as terpene phenol resins). Of these, aromatic modified terpene resins are preferred in terms of wet grip performance.

Commercially available products can be used as the terpene resin, and examples thereof include YS resin TO-125, -115, -105, and -85 manufactured by Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd.

The softening point of the terpene resin is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher. The softening point is preferably 120 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower. In the case of the said range, the said performance balance can be improved effectively. The softening point is a temperature at which the sphere descends when the softening point specified in JIS K 6220 is measured with a ring and ball softening point measuring apparatus.

The solubility parameter (solubility parameter, SP value) of the terpene resin is preferably 8.4 or more, more preferably 8.5 or more. Moreover, this SP value becomes like this. Preferably it is 9.0 or less, More preferably, it is 8.9 or less. Within the above range, the affinity with the rubber component is increased, and the dispersibility of the filler such as silica is improved. The SP value of the present invention is calculated by the square root (ΔEv / v) ^1/2 of the value (cohesive energy density) obtained by dividing the molar evaporation energy (ΔEv) of the liquid by the molar volume (V).

The content of the terpene-based resin is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Moreover, this content becomes like this. Preferably it is 20 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 15 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 10 mass parts or less. If the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained. If the amount exceeds 20 parts by mass, the wear resistance may be reduced.

The blending ratio of the epoxidized palm oil and the terpene resin (content of the epoxidized palm oil / content of the terpene resin) is preferably 10/90 because the performance balance is remarkably improved. It is -90/10, More preferably, it is 30 / 70-70 / 30, More preferably, it is 40 / 60-60 / 40.

In this invention, you may mix | blend another softener other than the said epoxidized palm oil and terpene-type resin from the point of the said performance balance. Other softeners include process oils such as aroma oil, mineral oil, and naphthenic oil. Among these, from the viewpoint of the performance balance and the environmental aspect, a softening agent having a PCA (polycyclic aromatic compound) content of less than 3% by mass measured in accordance with IP346 / 92 is preferable, and TDAE (Treated Distillate Aromatic Extract) : Treated distillate aromatic extract) is particularly preferred.

The total content of the softening agent is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If the amount is less than 5 parts by mass, the effect of improving the performance balance may not be sufficiently obtained. The total content is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 50 parts by mass, the wear resistance may be reduced.

Moreover, from the viewpoint of effectively improving the performance balance, the total content of the epoxidized palm oil and the terpene resin in 100% by mass of the softening agent is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 30-70 mass%, More preferably, it is 40-60 mass%.

In the present invention, it is preferable to use silica as a filler. By blending the above-mentioned softener with silica-blended rubber, fuel efficiency, wet grip performance and wear resistance can be remarkably improved while increasing the use ratio of non-petroleum resources.

The silica is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dry process silica (anhydrous silicic acid), wet process silica (hydrous silicic acid) and the like. Silica may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of silica is preferably 45 m ² / g or more, more preferably 60 m ² / g or more, and still more preferably 100 m ² / g or more. The N ₂ SA is preferably 350 m ² / g or less, more preferably 300 m ² / g or less, and still more preferably 270 m ² / g or less. If it is less than 45 m ² / g, the abrasion resistance may be deteriorated, and if it exceeds 350 m ² / g, it is difficult to disperse the silica and the rolling resistance may also be deteriorated.
The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of silica is a value measured by the BET method according to ASTM D3037-81.

The content of silica is preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 45 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The content is preferably 150 parts by mass or less, more preferably 120 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 100 parts by mass or less. If the amount is less than 10 parts by mass, the effect of blending silica cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the wear resistance tends to decrease. If the amount exceeds 150 parts by mass, the silica is difficult to disperse, and the workability and wear resistance tend to deteriorate.

As fillers (materials blended in the rubber composition for the purpose of rubber reinforcement), fillers other than silica may be blended as appropriate within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Examples of other fillers include mica such as carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sericite, and white fillers such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, clay, talc, alumina, and titanium oxide.

The content of silica in 100% by mass of the filler is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and may be 100% by mass. If it is less than 80% by mass and carbon black is blended as the remaining filler, wet grip performance tends to deteriorate, and if a filler other than carbon black is blended, the wear resistance may deteriorate.

In the present invention, it is preferable to use a silane coupling agent in combination with silica. As the silane coupling agent, conventionally known ones can be used. For example, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-triethoxy) Silylpropyl) disulfide, sulfide type such as bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, mercapto type such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyl type such as vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, etc. Examples thereof include amino-based, glycidoxy-based such as γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, nitro-based such as 3-nitropropyltrimethoxysilane, and chloro-based such as 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane. Among these, from the viewpoint of reinforcing effect and the like, a sulfide system is preferable, and bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide and bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide are particularly preferable.

3 mass parts or more are preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of silica, and, as for content of a silane coupling agent, 5 mass parts or more are more preferable. The content is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 10 parts by mass or less. If the amount is less than 3 parts by mass, the coupling effect is insufficient and high silica dispersion may not be obtained. If it exceeds 15 parts by mass, the workability and fracture characteristics may be reduced.

In addition to the above-mentioned components, the rubber composition of the present invention includes compounding agents conventionally used in the rubber industry, such as anti-aging agents, vulcanizing agents such as zinc oxide, stearic acid, wax, sulfur, and vulcanization accelerators. A processing aid or the like can be appropriately blended.

Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include thiazole vulcanization accelerators such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and dibenzothiazyl disulfide; thiuram vulcanization accelerators such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide; N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulf Sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerators such as phenamide and Nt-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide; guanidine-based vulcanization accelerators such as diphenylguanidine, and the content thereof is a rubber component. 0.1-5 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts, and 0.2-3 mass parts is more preferable.

The rubber composition of the present invention may contain a wax. Thereby, excellent ozone resistance is obtained. Although it does not specifically limit as wax, Paraffin wax is preferable from the point that discoloration can be suppressed and the outstanding ozone resistance and wet grip performance are obtained.

The content of the wax is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The content is preferably 3.5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2.5 parts by mass or less. If the amount is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the effect of blending the wax tends to be insufficient. If it exceeds 3.5 parts by mass, the tread surface may be discolored by the precipitation of wax.

From the viewpoint of the environment and the like, the non-petroleum resource ratio (content ratio of raw materials derived from non-petroleum resources) in the rubber composition (100% by mass) of the present invention is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass. As mentioned above, More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more.

The rubber composition of the present invention is produced by a general method. That is, it can be produced by a method of kneading the above components with a Banbury mixer, a kneader, an open roll or the like and then vulcanizing.

The rubber composition of the present invention can be suitably used for a tread of a pneumatic tire.

The pneumatic tire of the present invention can be produced by a usual method using the rubber composition. That is, the rubber composition is extruded to match the shape of the tread at the unvulcanized stage, molded by a normal method on a tire molding machine, and bonded together with other tire members to form an unvulcanized tire To do. This unvulcanized tire can be heated and pressurized in a vulcanizer to produce a tire.

The use of the pneumatic tire of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can be suitably used as a tire for high-performance tires (low flat tires), high-load vehicles (high torque by batteries) such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.

The present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Hereinafter, various chemicals used in Examples and Comparative Examples will be described together.
ENR: ENR25 (epoxidation rate: 25 mol%, non-petroleum resources) manufactured by Klarumpulan
Silica: Ultrasil VN3 manufactured by Evonik Degussa Japan Co., Ltd. (N ₂ SA: 175 m ² / g, non-oil resources)
Silane coupling agent: Si69 (bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, non-petroleum resource) manufactured by Evonik Degussa Japan
Oil 1: X-140 (TDAE, petroleum resource) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy
Oil 2: ROVPRO (palm oil, non-oil resources) manufactured by ROVSKI
Oil 3: ROVPRO5301 manufactured by ROVSKI (epoxidized palm oil, iodine value: maximum 50, oxysilane oxygen content: 0.5% by mass, resources other than petroleum)
Oil 4: ROVPRO5300 manufactured by ROVSKI (epoxidized palm oil, iodine value: maximum 28, oxysilane oxygen content: 2.0 mass%, non-petroleum resources)
Terpene resin: YS resin TO-85 manufactured by Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd. (aromatic modified terpene resin, softening point: 85 ° C., SP value: 8.7, petroleum resource)
Wax: Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd. Ozoace 0355 (paraffin wax, petroleum resources)
Anti-aging agent: Antigen 6C (petroleum resource) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
Stearic acid: Stearic acid “椿” manufactured by NOF Corporation (resources other than petroleum)
Zinc oxide: 2 types of zinc oxide manufactured by Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. (resources other than petroleum)
Sulfur: Powdered sulfur manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd. (resources other than petroleum)
Vulcanization accelerator: Noxeller NS (petroleum resources) manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

<Examples and Comparative Examples>
In accordance with the formulation shown in Table 1, materials other than sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were kneaded for 5 minutes at 150 ° C. using a 1.7 L Banbury mixer to obtain a kneaded product. Next, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were added to the obtained kneaded product, and kneaded for 5 minutes at 80 ° C. using a biaxial open roll to obtain an unvulcanized rubber composition.
The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was vulcanized at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a vulcanized rubber composition.

Further, the obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was molded into a tread shape, bonded to another tire member, and vulcanized under conditions of 25 kgf at 150 ° C. for 35 minutes to obtain a test tire (tire size: 195 / 65R15).

The following evaluation was performed about the obtained vulcanized rubber composition and the tire for a test. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Abrasion resistance (Lambourn abrasion test))
In accordance with JIS K6264-2, using a modified lambourne abrasion tester manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho Co., Ltd., surface speed of test piece (vulcanized rubber composition) 40 m / min, slip rate 10%, additional force 4 kN, dusting agent The abrasion resistance of the vulcanized rubber composition was evaluated under the condition of 20 g / min. The abrasion resistance index of Comparative Example 1 was set to 100, and the index was displayed. It shows that it is excellent in abrasion resistance (especially abrasion resistance in driving | running | working with high severity), so that an index | exponent is large.

(Wet grip performance (braking test))
The wet grip performance was evaluated based on the braking performance obtained by the anti-lock brake system (ABS) evaluation test. Specifically, test tires are mounted on a passenger car equipped with 1800cc class ABS, and the vehicle is driven on an asphalt road surface (wet road surface condition, skid number of about 50) and brakes are applied at a speed of 100 km / h. The distance (stop distance) until the passenger car stopped was measured, and the index was displayed with Comparative Example 1 as 100. The larger the index, the better the braking performance on the wet road surface and the better the wet grip performance.

(Low fuel consumption (rolling resistance test))
A test piece for measurement was cut out from the vulcanized rubber composition, and the temperature was 50 ° C., initial strain 10%, dynamic strain 2%, and frequency 10 Hz using a viscoelastic spectrometer VES (manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). The tan δ of each vulcanized rubber composition was measured and indicated as an index, with Comparative Example 1 being 100. The smaller the index, the lower the rolling resistance and the better the rolling resistance characteristics.

From Table 1, in the example where a specific epoxidized palm oil and terpene resin were used in combination as a softener, the performance balance of wear resistance, wet grip performance and fuel efficiency was improved synergistically while increasing the ratio of non-oil resources. It became clear that we could do it.

Claims (4)

A rubber composition for a tread comprising a rubber component, an epoxidized palm oil having an oxysilane oxygen content of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and a terpene resin. The rubber composition for a tread according to claim 1, wherein the iodine value of the epoxidized palm oil is less than 60. The rubber composition for a tread according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the epoxidized palm oil and the terpene resin with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component is 1 to 20 parts by mass. A pneumatic tire having a tread produced using the rubber composition according to claim 1.