JP2014158342A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dynamo-electric machine which is made compact while maintaining the cooling efficiency.SOLUTION: In a dynamo-electric machine where enclosed space areas 10a, 10b are formed on both sides in the stretching direction of a rotating shaft while holding a stator 3 and a rotor 4 in a housing 1, a plurality of air holes 14 are provided in the nonconductor part of the rotor 4 across the circumferential direction. The plurality of air holes 14 includes an air hole having a blade 15a at the aperture of one enclosed space area 10a, and an air hole having a blade 15b at the aperture of the other enclosed space area 10b, and air circulation is promoted between both areas 10a, 10b, by arranging these air holes mixedly.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine.

  The configurations of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are known as background art related to cooling of a rotating electrical machine. Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which air is circulated by an internal fan arranged in an electric motor. Patent Document 2 discloses a structure in which air is circulated using inclined blades provided on an end face of a rotor.

  Patent Document 3 discloses an invention relating to an armature of a starter. This patent document discloses a configuration in which a ventilation hole is formed in a core, and a plurality of blades are formed on a core plate provided at both ends of the core.

WO05 / 124971 JP 2012-200067 A JP-A-2-219447

  Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a cooling system in a rotating electrical machine. The rotary electric machine of Patent Document 1 is provided with an internal fan for cooling the rotor by circulating air in the sealed machine. In such a rotating electrical machine, for example, the flow of wind generated by the end ring blades of the rotor is generated in a direction that becomes resistance to the ventilation path for cooling in the machine. It has a shape that serves as a guide for guiding the cooling air, and tends to cause an increase in the size of the inner fan and the entire rotating electric machine.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 provides a rotating electrical machine that improves the cooling efficiency of the rotor by providing blades on the rotor end face to increase the amount of air that passes through the air hole portion of the rotor, thereby improving the cooling efficiency. A configuration that achieves both improvement and downsizing is disclosed. However, as in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide a special structure for air circulation, such as requiring a ventilation path in the housing, and it has not been considered to cope with further downsizing.

  In order to reduce the size, for example, in the above Patent Documents 1 and 2, a special structure for air circulation (in Patent Document 1, the external air holes 10a and 10b provided in the frame 10 and in Patent Document 2) If the ventilation path 2) provided in the housing 1 does not exist, a path through which air flows between the two regions separated by the rotor and the stator in the sealed space cannot be obtained. Therefore, compared to the space on the side where the external fan is arranged (the left region in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1 and FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2), the space on the side where the external fan is not disposed (region on the right side) is cooled. There was a problem that would become insufficient.

  In Patent Document 3, as in Patent Document 2, blades are provided to allow air to flow through the ventilation holes formed in the core, thereby cooling the bag space. However, in a so-called fully-closed rotating electrical machine, it is high even if a structure that guides the air whose temperature has risen through the ventilation holes in the core to the adjacent ventilation holes as shown in FIG. The cooling effect cannot be obtained.

  In such a configuration, if the air circulation path is increased in order to increase the cooling performance, as shown in FIG. 8 of Patent Document 3, the outer stator side (permanent magnet 2 in Patent Document 3) is also used. A special structure such as providing a ventilation path is required.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine that is further reduced in size while maintaining cooling efficiency.

  In order to achieve the above object, for example, the configuration described in the claims is adopted.

The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems. For example, a housing, a stator attached to the housing, a rotor rotating by a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, and the rotation A rotating shaft that rotates with the rotation of the rotor and has one end projecting from the housing to serve as an output shaft, and a sealed space on both sides of the rotating shaft in the extending direction across the stator and the rotor in the housing The rotating electrical machine in which the region is formed has the following configuration.
(1) Provided with a plurality of air holes provided in the circumferential direction in the non-conductor portion of the rotor. (2) The plurality of air holes have an air hole having a blade at an opening portion in one sealed space and the other sealed space. And including an air hole having a blade in the opening of the region.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the rotary electric machine which achieved further size reduction can be provided, maintaining cooling efficiency.

  Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a transparent perspective view of the rotor according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the comparative example of a rotary electric machine. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine of Example 2. FIG. 6 is a transparent perspective view of a rotor according to Embodiment 2. FIG. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a rotating electrical machine according to a third embodiment.

  In an embodiment of the present invention, a stator that is attached to a housing and a space that is divided into an output shaft side and a non-output shaft side by a rotor that is attached to a rotary shaft are communicated with each other through an air hole provided in the rotor. At the same time, by providing a fan on the rotor end face, air circulation is promoted between the divided regions, and the cooling efficiency of the rotor is improved. Hereinafter, examples will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a rotating electrical machine according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of the upper half of the rotating electrical machine, but the lower half has the same configuration unless otherwise specified. The same applies to the other cross-sectional views (FIGS. 3, 4, and 6).

  The housing 1 of the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment constitutes the outer casing of the rotating electrical machine by cast iron, aluminum, thin steel plate, etc. formed in a cylindrical shape. The rotating electrical machine according to the present embodiment is a rotating electrical machine having a fully-closed type and a jacket cooling structure in which the inside is substantially sealed by the housing 1 and the end brackets 2a and 2b, and the outside air and the inside air are separated.

  In the present application, the housing 1 and the end brackets 2a and 2b constituting the sealed space may be collectively referred to simply as a housing. In addition, a portion where the rotating shaft (reference numeral 5, which will be described later) protrudes from the end bracket 2a is an output shaft, and in the following description, a portion where the member having the same action exists on the output shaft side in the extending direction of the rotating shaft includes: The subscript “a” is used as in the output shaft side end bracket 2a, and the subscript “b” is used in the portion existing on the side opposite to the output shaft as in the counter output shaft side end bracket 2b.

  In the sealed space, a stator 3 and a rotor 4 serving as heating elements are arranged. The stator 3 includes a stator core 3a and a stator coil 3b. The stator 3 is fixed to the inner periphery of the housing 1. The stator core 3a is configured by laminating a plurality of thin electromagnetic steel plates, and the stator coil 3b is wound around a plurality of slots formed in the stator core 3a.

  The rotor 4 includes a rotor core 4a, a rotor conductor bar 4b, an end ring 4c integrally formed with the conductor bar 4b, and blades 4d formed radially in the end ring 4c, and includes a rotating shaft 5. It is fixed to the outer peripheral part. The rotor core 4a is configured by laminating a plurality of thin electromagnetic steel plates.

  The rotor 4 is rotated by a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. Both ends of the rotating shaft 5 are rotatably held with respect to the end brackets 2a and 2b via bearings 6a and 6b, respectively. Further, one end portion of the rotating shaft 5 is inserted through the end bracket 2a and protrudes to the outside to serve as an output shaft. The other end of the rotating shaft 5 is inserted through the end bracket 2b and the outer fan 7 is attached.

  Since the external fan 7 is fixed to the rotating shaft 5, it rotates in synchronization with the rotating shaft 5. The outer fan 7 is made of cast iron, aluminum alloy, resin or the like and is covered with an end cover 9. Therefore, the external fan 7 is attached to the outside area 8 of the sealed space formed by the end bracket 2b and the end cover 9 outside the housing.

  In the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, cooling is performed in each space of the sealed space outer region 8 and the sealed space inner regions 10a and 10b. The cooling configuration and operation in each space will be described below.

  The area 8 outside the sealed space is a space outside the sealed space covered with the housing 1 and the end brackets 2a and 2b, and the external fan 8 is placed in the space. An end cover 9 is provided so as to cover the outer fan fan 8, and an opening 11 provided opposite to the outer fan fan 7 and an outlet 12 for discharging air to the outer peripheral surface of the housing 1 are provided in the end cover 9. It is a space that communicates with the outside air.

  For this reason, outside air is taken in from the opening part 11 of the end cover 9 by rotating the external fan 7 fixed to the rotating shaft 5 in the area 8 outside the sealed space. The taken-in outside air is blown from the discharge port 12 of the end cover 9 toward the outer periphery of the housing 1 and the output shaft side, and cools the heat generated inside the rotating electrical machine. At this time, the heat dissipation fins 13 are provided in the housing 1 to promote heat dissipation of the device.

  The sealed space inner regions 10a and 10b are sealed spaces that do not communicate with the outside air covered by the housing 1 and the end brackets 2a and 2b. In this sealed space, a stator 3 and a rotor 4 serving as heating elements are installed, and the stator 3 and the rotor 4 form two regions 10a and 10b. The rotating shaft 5 is also placed in the sealed space regions 10a and 10b.

  As shown in the figure, the two regions 10 a and 10 b are separated by the stator 3 and the rotor 4 and are substantially independent spaces in the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 5. There is a minute gap between the rotor 3 and the stator 4, but it is not large enough to circulate air. In the present embodiment, a plurality of air holes 14 provided in the circumferential direction of the rotor 4 are provided, and these communicate with the sealed space regions 10a and 10b. That is, both the regions 10a and 10b communicate with each other through a plurality of air holes 14.

  Next, the cooling path having the above structure will be described. The heat generated by the stator coil 3b is radiated to the sealed space inner regions 10a and 10b and is radiated to the outside through the housing 1 by the cooling air blown by the external fan 7. Further, heat generated in the rotor 4 is radiated to the sealed space inner regions 10a and 10b and is radiated to the outside through the rotary shaft 5, the bearings 6a and 6b, and the end brackets 2a and 2b. Thus, heat generated from the stator 3 and the rotor 4 is radiated.

  By the way, in general, the heat generated from the rotor 4 is the highest in the rotating electrical machine, and therefore cooling the rotor 4 is important in improving the cooling performance of the rotating electrical machine. If this cooling is not sufficient, the temperature in the sealed space 10 becomes high, and there is a concern that the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine is reduced. In particular, cooling on the output shaft side where the external fan 7 is not disposed is important.

  On the other hand, if a special structure as in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is provided as an air circulation path between the output shaft side and the non-output shaft side, there is a problem that the rotating electrical machine becomes large.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the blades 15a and 15b are arranged on the end face of the rotor 4 when cooling the machine. For example, the blades 15a and 15b are formed by processing a thin steel plate at the end face of the rotor 4 into a blade shape. Alternatively, a blade-shaped member corresponding to the blades 15 a and 15 b is attached to the air hole 14.

  FIG. 2 is a transparent perspective view showing an example of the shape of the rotor 4 of the present embodiment. As already described, a plurality of air holes 14 are formed in the end surface of the rotor 4 in the circumferential direction. The air holes 14 are provided in the non-conductor portion of the rotor 4, and the blades 15a and 15b are air holes. An axial fan is provided with an inclination so as to ventilate every other direction.

  That is, when attention is paid to a certain air hole 14, the blade 15a is present on one opening portion, for example, the output shaft side, and the blade is not provided on the other opening portion (counter output shaft side). Yes. When attention is paid to another air hole 14 adjacent to this, there is no blade on the output shaft side, and a blade 15b is present on the opening portion on the opposite output shaft side. Cooling can be promoted by mixing both types of air holes.

  The advantages of this configuration are as follows. First, half of the plurality of air holes 14 (eight in the example of FIG. 2) flow from the sealed space region 10a to 10b, and the other half flows in the opposite direction, that is, the sealed space region 10b. Acts to allow air to flow from 10 to 10a. Therefore, the temperature can be equalized between the sealed space regions 10a and 10b, and the sealed space region 10a on the output shaft side can be cooled.

  In this embodiment, in all of the plurality of air holes, the blades 15 are provided in at least one of the openings. However, it is not necessary to provide them in all, and the air holes 14 in which the blades 15a are provided and the air holes 14 in which the blades 15b are provided. As long as they exist. For example, even when there is only one air hole 14 provided with the blades 15a and one air hole 14 provided with the blades 15b, there is no problem as long as the air circulation between both the regions 10a and 10b is sufficient.

  As described above, the air flow is generated between the sealed space inner region 10a and the sealed space inner region 10b by the blades 15a and 15b, thereby realizing cooling in the apparatus.

  The shape of the blade 15 of this embodiment will be supplemented. As described above, the blade 15 may be any shape that promotes the air flow between the two regions 10a and 10b in the sealed space, and therefore has no particular shape. Therefore, a method of attaching as a separate member may be used, and it may be a shape that is raised to one side in the circumferential direction of rotation as in the example shown in FIG. It can be realized by various shapes that encourage air blowing.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the cutting and raising direction of the plurality of blades 15 (15a on the output shaft side) formed on one side of the closed space region is the same direction in which the slope is an uphill in the counterclockwise direction. The plurality of blades 15 (opposite output shaft side 15b) formed on the other side are also in the same direction. This is intended to promote air circulation when the rotating electrical machine rotates in a specific rotation direction.

  However, if the rotating direction of the rotating electrical machine is opposite, it may be assumed that air circulation is not sufficient even when the rotor 4 rotates. In the case of providing a rotating electrical machine that is driven by bidirectional rotation, it is possible to cope by mixing blades 15 in different cutting and raising directions.

  FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a rotating electrical machine of a comparative example having a general in-machine cooling system represented by Patent Documents 1 and 2 and the like. Often, in a rotating electrical machine, forced convection cooling inside the rotating electrical machine is performed by blowing air in the order of the sealed space inner region 10a, the ventilation path 17, the sealed space region 10b, and the air hole 14 by an internal fan 16 fixed on the side opposite to the output shaft. Then, the rotor 4 is cooled. At this time, the inner fan 16 has a tendency to increase in size in order to have a function as a guide, and there is a case where the in-machine space of the housing 1 cannot be effectively used.

  Further, when the coil end portion of the stator 3 is large or when a heater used for preventing condensation in the machine is installed, it becomes a resistance that prevents ventilation to the ventilation path 16, so that many conventional cooling systems in the machine It is difficult to respond universally to rotating electrical machines that have specifications.

  In this embodiment, the ventilation path 16 of the housing 1 is abolished. By providing a simple structure instead of this, the design freedom of the rotating electrical machine is increased while maintaining the cooling performance, and the versatility is improved. It is possible to provide a rotating electrical machine that can be highly miniaturized.

  In the second embodiment, an example of a rotating electrical machine in which the shape of the end ring portion blade 4d is changed with respect to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is an example of a configuration diagram of the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a transparent perspective view of the rotor. In the following, with respect to the present embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and description of the other will be omitted.

  In this embodiment, the end ring blade 4d is extended in the inner diameter direction. Specifically, it is preferable to extend the blade 4d to a portion between the adjacent air holes 14. As a result, the blades 4d are positioned between the adjacent air holes 14, and the blades 4d can have a function as a guide. That is, it is possible to avoid a so-called short circuit path in which the wind passing through the air hole 14 is directly guided to the adjacent air hole 14. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the air from being recirculated to the air hole 14 without being diffused into the sealed space regions 10a and 10b and in a state where heat dissipation is insufficient, thereby improving the cooling performance.

  Further, since the rotor conductor bar 4b and the end ring 4c have an integral structure, the end ring blade 4d also has a function as a cooling fin. Further improvement of the cooling performance can be realized by increasing the surface area by extending the blade 4d in the inner diameter direction.

  In the present embodiment, an example of a rotating electrical machine in which guides 18a and 18b for ventilation are installed between the end face of the rotor 4 and the bearings 6a and 6b will be described with respect to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is an example of a configuration diagram of the rotating electrical machine of the present embodiment. In the following, with respect to the present embodiment, differences from the other embodiments will be mainly described, and description of the other will be omitted.

  In this embodiment, the blades 15a and 15b on the rotor end face, the end ring blade 4d, and the ventilation guides 18a and 18b are used in combination. In the sealed space regions 10a and 10b, guides 18a and 18b for ventilation are installed between the end of the rotor 4 and the bearings 6a and 6b. By installing the guides 18a and 18b of the present embodiment, it is possible to guide the flow of wind to the bearing portions 6a and 6b, so that not only the rotor 4 but also the cooling performance of the bearings 6a and 6b can be improved.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. It is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Housing, 2a ... Output shaft side end bracket, 2b ... Opposite output shaft side end bracket, 3 ... Stator, 3a ... Stator core, 3b ... Stator coil, 4 ... Rotor, 4a ... Rotor core, 4b ... Rotor conductor bar, 4c ... End ring, 4d ... End ring blade, 5 ... Rotating shaft, 6a ... Output shaft side bearing, 6b ... Non-output shaft side bearing, 7 ... Outer fan fan, 8 ... Outer space area , 9 ... End cover, 10a ... Output shaft side sealed space region, 10b ... Non-output shaft side sealed space region, 11 ... End cover opening, 12 ... Discharge port, 13 ... Radiation fin, 14 ... Air hole, 15 ... blades, 15a ... output shaft side blades, 15b ... counter output shaft side blades, 16 ... inner fan fan, 17 ... ventilation path, 18a ... output shaft side ventilation guide, 18b ... counter output shaft side ventilation guide.

Claims (8)

A housing, a stator attached to the housing, a rotor that rotates by a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, and a rotating shaft that rotates with the rotation of the rotor and has one end protruding from the housing and serving as an output shaft And in the rotating electrical machine in which a sealed space region is formed on both sides in the extending direction of the rotating shaft across the stator and the rotor in the housing,
Provided with a plurality of air holes provided in the circumferential direction in the non-conductor portion of the rotor,
The plurality of air holes include an air hole having blades at an opening portion in one sealed space region and an air hole having blades at an opening portion in the other sealed space region.   A half of the plurality of air holes is an air hole having a blade at an opening portion in one sealed space area, and the other half is an air hole having a blade at an opening portion in the other sealed space area. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, further comprising end rings on both sides of the rotor, and end ring blades radially formed on the end rings.   4. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein the end ring blades are positioned between adjacent air holes among a plurality of air holes provided. 5.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the blade is formed in a shape that is raised to one side in a circumferential direction of rotation. In the plurality of air holes, the blades at the opening of the region in one sealed space are configured to promote air circulation when the rotating electrical machine rotates in a specific rotation direction,
2. The rotation according to claim 1, wherein in the plurality of air holes, the blades provided in the opening of the other sealed space region are configured to promote air flow when rotating in the specific rotation direction. Electric.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, further comprising an outer fan provided outside the housing.   The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, further comprising a guide for guiding an air flow to the bearing between the bearing supporting the rotating shaft and the rotor.

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