JP2014134336A - Solar heat collection device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar heat collection device capable of efficiently collecting solar heat.SOLUTION: In a solar heat collection device having a plurality of reflection lines and one or more light receiving lines, the plurality of reflection lines are disposed in parallel in the north-south direction, a plurality of sheets of reflection mirrors for reflecting solar light are disposed on the reflection lines of each row, the plurality of sheets of reflection mirrors are provided with a heliostat mechanism, and the heliostat mechanism has east-west angle adjustment means for individually adjusting east-west angles of reflection faces of the plurality of sheets of reflection mirrors, and north-south angle adjustment means for individually adjusting the angles in the north-south direction. The one or more light receiving lines are disposed at upper fixed positions orthogonal to the plurality of reflection lines, and one receiver is disposed to collect heat of reflection light of the solar light from the plurality of sheets of reflection mirrors.

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar heat collecting apparatus that collects heat by reflecting sunlight toward a receiver by a reflecting mirror.

In the past, energy has been obtained from fossil fuels such as petroleum. In recent years, however, these fossil fuels have been depleted, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide emitted from the use of these fossil fuels, and also for the purchase of fossil fuels. Cost (fuel cost) is a problem.
Therefore, sunlight that can be regenerated and does not require fuel costs has attracted attention as one of new energy sources.

  There are several types of solar heat collecting devices that use this sunlight as an energy source due to the difference in the sunlight condensing method (see Patent Document 1, etc.). Among these, for example, there are types of heat collecting devices called trough type, linear Fresnel type, and tower type.

Here, the trough-type heat collecting device reflects sunlight by using a bowl-shaped parabolic mirror, collects the reflected light on a receiver, and collects solar heat.
In addition, the linear Fresnel-type heat collector has a plurality of reflecting mirrors installed on a plurality of reflecting lines set in parallel in the north-south direction, and on a light receiving line set in the north-south direction above these reflecting mirrors. A receiver is installed, and sunlight is reflected by a reflecting mirror and condensed on the receiver to collect solar heat.
Further, the tower-type heat collecting device collects solar heat by collecting sunlight reflected by a plurality of reflecting mirrors arranged around the tower on a receiver provided on the tower.

JP 2012-63086 A

As described above, various concentrating methods are used in the solar heat collecting apparatus. However, it cannot be said that these methods can sufficiently collect heat from the sunlight, which is an energy source. There is a need for solar collectors that can be heated.
That is, in the above-described light condensing method such as a tower type, the aberration is large depending on the time zone (for example, the time zone other than 10 o'clock to 14 o'clock, such as 9 o'clock), and image blurring / distortion is generated. It is difficult to collect light efficiently. Therefore, it cannot be stably collected on the receiver during the day. As shown in FIG. 26, the light intensity is high in the vicinity of the center (the center of the condensed image), and the light is condensed in a divergent state with a low intensity outside the vicinity of the center. In places where the intensity is low, such as near the center, it is difficult to effectively use the light and heat energy collected there, resulting in substantial loss.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said problem, Comprising: It aims at providing the solar-heat collector which can collect solar heat efficiently.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a solar heat collecting apparatus having a plurality of reflection lines and one or more light receiving lines, wherein the plurality of reflection lines are set in parallel in the north-south direction. A plurality of reflecting mirrors that reflect sunlight are installed on the reflection lines in each row, and the plurality of reflecting mirrors adjust the angle of the reflecting surface by following the movement of the sun. The heliostat mechanism includes an east-west angle adjusting means capable of individually adjusting the angle of reflection surfaces of the plurality of reflectors in the east-west direction, and a north-south direction in which the angle can be adjusted individually in the north-south direction. An angle adjusting means, wherein the one or more light receiving lines are set at a fixed position above and perpendicular to the plurality of reflection lines, and one receiver is provided on each light receiving line. And the receiver is connected to the duplexer. Providing solar heat collector, characterized in that it is intended to heat collection heat of the reflected light of the sunlight from the reflection mirrors.

  In this way, first, since the above-described heliostat mechanism is provided and the reflection line and the light receiving line are the above-described cross linear type solar heat collecting apparatus, the solar collecting device can be used at any time of day. Aberrations can be reduced with respect to light. Since the blurring and distortion of the image formation can be suppressed, as shown in FIG. 25, the portion with high intensity is more extensive than the conventional condensing method in which the light intensity is increased only near the center as described above. Thus, uniform light collection is possible. It does not have a divergent shape as in the conventional method, and the degree of light collection is high even at locations other than the vicinity of the center, so that energy loss can be prevented and light can be collected stably and efficiently during the day.・ It is possible to collect heat.

  Furthermore, it has the east-west angle adjusting means and the north-south angle adjusting means as described above, and has a control structure for adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflector, which adjusts the angle in the east-west direction and in the north-south direction. They are divided into those that adjust the angle. In this way, the control can be simplified by dividing the angle into the east-west direction and the north-south direction, and the accuracy can be greatly increased. That is, the angle of the reflecting surface can be adjusted easily, at low cost, and with high accuracy. Therefore, sunlight is easily reflected toward the receiver at an appropriate angle, and the heat collection efficiency can be improved also from this point.

  In addition, the angle of the reflecting surfaces of multiple reflecting mirrors can be adjusted individually in both the east-west direction and the north-south direction, so when reflecting sunlight more accurately toward the receiver, It is possible to adjust the slight angle accordingly. For this reason, it can collect and collect heat with higher precision.

  As described above, the sunlight can be sufficiently collected and the heat collection efficiency is high, so that the range of the receiver and the reflecting mirror to be installed can be reduced as necessary. In this case, it is possible to reduce the cost of the solar heat collector and the land area required to install it, and it is relatively difficult to prepare a vast land for installing the solar heat collector. Can also be installed.

  At this time, the east-west angle adjusting means includes a rotating ring and a fine adjusting means, and the rotating ring is connected to the plurality of reflecting mirrors via a frame, and the frame is rotated by rotation of the rotating ring. The angle of the reflecting surfaces of the plurality of reflecting mirrors on one reflecting line is adjusted at the same time, and the fine adjustment means is arranged for each of the plurality of reflecting mirrors. The angle of the reflecting surfaces of the plurality of reflecting mirrors simultaneously adjusted by the rotation of the rotating ring is additionally finely adjusted individually according to the position of each reflecting mirror by the fine adjusting means, The north-south angle adjusting means has an actuator, the actuator is arranged for each of the reflecting mirrors, each actuator has an arm, and the arm and the reflecting mirror are connected to each other. Angle of the reflecting surface of the reflector by forward and backward movement can be made to be adjusted individually.

  Conventionally, the reflective surface is adjusted to an arbitrary angle using only the T bone, which makes the control complicated. However, the rotating ring, the fine adjustment means, and the actuator as described above are used to adjust the reflective surface. The angle adjustment can be performed more easily and accurately.

  In addition, with regard to the angle adjustment in the east-west direction, a rotating ring for simultaneously adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface with respect to a plurality of reflecting mirrors and a fine adjustment means for performing additional fine adjustment individually are provided. If it is such, it can prevent that a fine adjustment means enlarges for an individual adjustment, and it is easy to adjust an angle more accurately.

  And a connecting member that supports and connects the plurality of reflecting mirrors on the reflection line of each row, and the connecting member has one end relatively above the other end in the north-south direction. The plurality of reflecting mirrors supported by the connecting member are arranged so as to be positioned at a position where the reflecting mirror installed on the one end side is the reflecting mirror installed on the other end side. It can be located relatively above the mirror.

By arranging the connecting member as described above, in the north-south direction, the reflecting mirror installed on the one end side is positioned relatively higher than the reflecting mirror installed on the other end side. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the reflected light of the sunlight reflected by the reflecting mirror on the one end side from being blocked by the reflecting mirror on the other end side and reaching the receiver (blocking prevention). Therefore, solar heat can be collected more efficiently.
Further, for example, the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror can be arranged to be closer to the right angle with respect to sunlight as compared with a conventional device such as a trough type. That is, the reflection efficiency can be increased and efficient heat collection can be achieved.

  In addition, an imaging device that captures each of the plurality of reflecting mirrors to acquire a real image of each reflecting mirror, and each reflecting mirror when the reflecting surface is adjusted to an ideal angle to reflect sunlight to the receiver. An arithmetic processing device that obtains an ideal image by simulation from an actual sun position, an image processing device that compares an actual image of each reflector with an ideal image, and obtains an image shift, the imaging device, and the arithmetic processing And a central control device that controls the heliostat mechanism, and the heliostat mechanism is controlled by the central control device based on the image shift, and each of the reflecting mirrors is controlled by the central control device. The angle of the reflecting surface of each reflector is adjusted to the ideal angle, and the angle adjustment data of each reflector with respect to the calendar and the movement of the sun according to the true sun time is built-in. Based on the data, it can be made to adjust the angle of the reflecting surface of each reflecting mirror is adjusted to the ideal angle.

If this is the case, the conventional T-bone-equipped device required high-precision surveying and the like for the T-bone installation, but unlike that, the reflector can be installed simply and at low cost. In addition, the reflecting surface can be easily adjusted to an ideal angle at the start of heat collection. It is also possible to confirm the actual state of the reflecting surface by the imaging device.
Further, since the adjustment is performed based on the built-in angle adjustment data as described above at the time of collecting heat, it is not necessary to sequentially calculate from the position of the sun as in the conventional method. Since sequential calculation is not required, the angle of the reflecting surface can be adjusted with high accuracy and low cost without delaying the movement of the sun.
Therefore, efficient solar heat collection is possible.

  Further, the receiver is of a cavity type, and the cavity type receiver includes a hollow long box and one or more heat receiving pipes arranged in the long box, and the long box Encloses the one or more heat receiving pipes with an upper wall and a side wall connected to the upper wall and extending downward, and a side wall portion on the long side of the side walls is inclined inward. The long box body is narrowed toward the lower surface, and an opening is formed in the narrowed lower surface, so that the longitudinal direction of the long box body is parallel to the east-west direction. A long box is installed, and sunlight reflected from the plurality of reflecting mirrors is introduced into the long box through the opening and irradiated to the heat receiving tube to collect solar heat. be able to.

  Thus, since it is a cavity type receiver as described above, and an opening is formed on the constricted lower surface (that is, because it has a constricted opening), the inside of the long box is once formed from the opening. It is possible to suppress the reflected light of the sunlight introduced into the light from being further reflected on the inner wall of the long box body and dissipating from the opening to the outside of the long box body. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the heat of sunlight from escaping to the outside of the long box body, and it is possible to efficiently collect heat in the heat receiving pipe disposed inside.

  Further, the receiver is of a cavity type, and the cavity type receiver has a receiver body in which an opening for introducing reflected sunlight from the plurality of reflecting mirrors is formed, and the opening And a grid-like structure disposed in the section, and one or more heat receiving tubes are disposed in a space surrounded by the grid-like structure and the receiver body. And the reflected light of the sunlight is applied to the heat receiving tube through the lattice structure, and the heat medium in the heat receiving tube is heated to 550 ° C. or higher.

  If this is the case, it is effective by the lattice-like structure that the heat energy generated by the strong re-radiation from the heat receiving tube or the heat medium heated to 550 ° C. or higher is radiated to the outside and flows out. Can be prevented. Thermal energy can be retained in the receiver body, and heat collection efficiency can be improved.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is a cross linear type, and furthermore, the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror can be adjusted more easily and with higher accuracy than before, and heat is collected efficiently at a low cost. It is possible.

It is the schematic which shows an example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of this invention. It is the schematic which shows an example of a heliostat mechanism. It is the schematic which shows an example of the east-west angle adjustment means. (A) It is a top view of a rotation ring and a flame | frame. (B) It is a side view of a rotation ring and a flame | frame. (C) It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a fine adjustment means. (D) It is explanatory drawing which shows another example of a fine adjustment means. (E) It is explanatory drawing which shows another example of a fine adjustment means. It is the schematic which shows an example of the north-south angle adjustment means. (A) It is an A arrow view in FIG. (B) It is a B arrow line view in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of a connection member. It is explanatory drawing which shows the positional relationship of each reflecting mirror supported by the connection member. It is the schematic which shows another example of the solar thermal collector of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the schematic diagram of the real image of the reflective mirror by an imaging device. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ideal image of the reflective mirror by an arithmetic processing unit. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the image shift calculated | required with an image processing apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the heat collection method using a 2nd embodiment. It is the schematic which shows an example of a cavity type receiver. It is a cross-sectional view of a long box. (A) The angle formed by the upper wall and the south side wall is the same as the angle formed by the upper wall and the north side wall. (B) The angle formed between the upper wall and the south side wall portion is smaller than the angle formed between the upper wall and the north side wall portion. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the positional relationship of a some reflective mirror and a long box body. (A) A case where a light receiving line is set above the center of a row of a plurality of reflecting mirrors and a long box is installed. (B) This is a case where it is installed on the south side with respect to a plurality of reflecting mirrors. (C) It is another case where it is installed on the south side with respect to a plurality of reflecting mirrors. It is the schematic which shows an example of each part of a long box body. It is a bottom view which shows an example of the long box body of the aspect in which the some opening part is formed. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the positional relationship of a some reflection line and the some opening part of a long box. It is the schematic which shows an example of a heat receiving pipe. (A) A surface processing treatment is performed. (B) A coating treatment has been performed. It is the schematic which shows another example of a cavity type receiver. It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a receiver body. It is explanatory drawing which shows the mechanism which prevents the outflow of the thermal energy to the exterior by a grid | lattice-like structure. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the positional relationship of the sun, a receiver, and a reflective mirror regarding the principle of a cross linear type condensing system. It is explanatory drawing which shows another example of the positional relationship of the sun, a receiver, and a reflective mirror regarding the principle of a cross linear condensing method. It is explanatory drawing which shows another example of the positional relationship of the sun, a receiver, and a reflective mirror regarding the principle of a cross linear condensing method. It is a graph which shows intensity distribution of the condensed light in the condensing system of the present invention. It is a graph which shows intensity distribution of the condensed light in the conventional condensing system. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the conventional T-bone system heliostat mechanism. It is explanatory drawing which shows the position of the reflective mirror of the conventional apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As described above, in the conventional condensing method, the aberration is increased, and there is an inefficient aspect in collecting sunlight and collecting solar heat. Therefore, first, the present inventor has found that by using a cross linear type condensing method, aberration can be reduced and sunlight can be efficiently condensed.

  Moreover, since a solar heat collecting device generally requires a vast land for its installation, it is expensive. In order to minimize the land area required for such installation and reduce costs, it is necessary to further increase the light collection rate. Therefore, the present inventor conducted intensive research on a method for increasing the light collection rate in the cross linear type light collection method, and paid attention to angle adjustment of the reflecting mirror.

  First, the principle of the cross linear condensing method will be briefly described. FIG. 22 shows an example of the positional relationship between the sun, the receiver, and the reflector at the time of equinox. Sunlight is reflected toward the receiver by a single reflecting mirror located at the center O of the celestial sphere. On the projection surface, a path is projected on the celestial sphere where sunlight enters the reflecting mirror and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting mirror travels toward the receiver.

  In the cross linear type, a plurality of such reflecting mirrors are installed along the north-south direction. This is shown in FIG. FIG. 23 shows two reflecting mirrors. As shown in FIG. 23, since sunlight enters each reflecting mirror from the same direction in each celestial sphere, the light path on the projection plane has the same pattern for any reflecting mirror. However, the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror is considered to be smaller as the position is farther from the receiver.

However, as shown in FIG. 24, strictly speaking, the angle of the reflecting surface for reflection to the receiver (in the north-south direction and the east-west direction) varies slightly depending on the position of the reflecting mirror. That is, in order to reflect sunlight to the receiver R, the reflecting mirror M ₁ is angle-adjusted so that the reflecting surface is perpendicular to the straight line M ₁ P that bisects the ∠SM ₁ R. On the other hand, in the reflecting mirror M ₂ , the angle of the reflecting surface is adjusted to be perpendicular to a straight line M ₂ P ′ that bisects ∠SM ₂ R, and is different from the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror M ₁ .

Therefore, if you adjust the angle of multiple reflectors with different installation positions in the same direction, even if one reflector can reflect sunlight toward the receiver at the optimum angle, it is optimal for another reflector. The light is reflected at an angle slightly deviated from the angle.
Therefore, the present inventor has found that if the angle adjustment of the reflection surfaces in the east-west direction and the north-south direction can be individually adjusted, the light can be collected with higher accuracy and the heat collection efficiency can be further improved. Completed the invention.

<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 shows an example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.
First, the overall mechanism of the solar heat collecting apparatus 1 will be described. A plurality of reflection lines 2 and one or more light receiving lines 3 are set. A plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 are installed on each reflection line 2, and a receiver 5 is installed on the light receiving line 3. Sunlight is applied to the reflecting mirror 4 and reflected, and the reflected light is collected on the receiver 5 to collect solar heat.
The medium in the receiver heated by collecting solar heat is sent to a steam turbine or a gas turbine (not shown) to generate power.

Hereinafter, each part is explained in full detail.
The plurality of reflection lines 2 are set in parallel with each other along the north-south direction. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which four reflection lines 2A to 2D are set, the number of the reflection lines 2 may be a plurality, and is not particularly limited.

Each of the one or more light receiving lines 3 is set at a fixed position above the reflection line 2. Furthermore, it is set so as to be orthogonal to the reflection line 2 (that is, along the east-west direction).
Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which one light receiving line 3A is set, the number of light receiving lines 3A can be two or more, and can be determined as appropriate. For example, the reflecting mirror 4 and the receiver 5 shown in FIG. 1 can be a single unit, and a plurality of such units can be prepared and arranged in parallel.
Further, the distance in the vertical direction between the light receiving line 3 and the reflecting line 2 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined according to various conditions so as to easily collect sunlight, for example.

  As can be seen from the relationship between the reflection line and the light receiving line, the solar heat collecting apparatus 1 is of a cross linear type, and can efficiently collect solar heat at low cost.

Next, the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 will be described. The reflecting mirror 4 only needs to have a reflecting surface 6 capable of reflecting sunlight, and the shape of the reflecting mirror 4 is not particularly limited. For example, the sunlight reflecting surface 6 can be flat or concave. The size is not limited, and for example, the reflecting surface 6 can have an area of about 3 m × 1.5 m.
A plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 are installed on each row of the reflecting lines 2A to 2D. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which six sheets are installed in each row, the number is not limited to this. For example, it can be determined according to the size of the installation location.

The reflecting mirror 4 is provided with a heliostat mechanism 7. Here, an example of the heliostat mechanism 7 is shown in FIG.
The heliostat mechanism 7 adjusts the angle of the reflecting surface 6 by following the movement of the sun. With respect to the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4, it has means for adjusting the angle in the east-west direction (east-west angle adjusting means 8) and means for adjusting the angle in the north-south direction (north-south angle adjusting means 9). Although here is an example for the case of the reflecting mirror 4A ₁ to 4A ₆ on reflection line 2A, it is provided with these means also in other reflective line 2B-2D.
Conventionally, the angle of the reflecting surface is adjusted to an arbitrary angle by using only the T-bone as shown in FIG. 27. However, in the heliostat mechanism 7 according to the present invention, the adjusting means is based on the east-west angle and the north-south angle. Is different. These means can adjust the angle of each direction independently of each other. Therefore, the angle can be adjusted with high accuracy while the control is simple.

(About east-west angle adjustment means)
(Rotating ring)
First, the east / west angle adjusting means 8 will be described. FIG. 3 shows an example of the east / west angle adjusting means 8. 3A is a top view of the east-west angle adjusting means 8, and FIG. 3B is a side view thereof. Incidentally, one the installed reflector on a reflective line 2A of _{4 (4A} 1 _{~4A 6)} are also described together.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the east-west angle adjusting means 8 includes a rotating ring 10 and a frame 11 first.
Also, FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), the frame 11 is disposed so as to surround all of the reflecting mirror 4A ₁ to 4A ₆ arranged in series in the north-south direction, each of the reflecting mirrors 4A It is coupled with the east and west sides of ₁ to 4A _6. Here, the reflecting mirrors 4A _{1 to} 4A ₆ are connected at the center of the side surfaces thereof, and the reflecting mirrors 4A _{1 to} 4A ₆ are centered on an axis (dotted line in FIG. 3A) connecting the connecting parts. Can rotate in the north-south direction.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the rotating ring 10 is arranged at both ends and the center of the frame 11 so as to surround the frame 11 from the outside, for example, and is connected to the frame 11. That is, the rotating ring 10 and the reflecting mirrors 4A _{1 to} 4A ₆ are connected via the frame 11.
In addition, although the case where the number of the rotating rings 10 was three was mentioned here as an example, it is not limited to this, What is necessary is just one or more. For example, it may be arranged only at the center of the frame 11, but it is particularly preferable that there are a plurality of frames 11, and more can be arranged than in the case of FIG. 3.
The reflecting mirrors 4A _{1 to} 4A ₆ can be appropriately held and can be rotated at the same time, and the shape and size of the frame 11, the number and size of the rotating ring 10 can be appropriately determined. In consideration of the weight of the reflecting mirror and the like, the material and the like can be determined each time so that the frame 11 or the like is not bent.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, each rotary ring 10 is provided with a roller 12 for rotating the rotary ring 10 in the east-west direction. The means for rotating the rotating ring 10 is not particularly limited. However, with such a roller 12, the rotating ring 10 can be easily rotated, and the reflecting mirror 4 (4A ₁ ) connected via the frame 11 is used. to 4A ₆₎ it can be the to simultaneously rotate in the east-west direction.
Here, two rollers 12 are arranged for each rotating ring 10. The rotating ring 10 is rotatably supported by the roller 12 from below. The number and size of the rollers 12 are not particularly limited, and can be determined as appropriate.

A motor 13 is connected to the roller 12 in at least one of the rotating rings 10. The motor 13 can control the rotational drive of the roller 12 to rotate the roller 12 at a desired timing and number of rotations. Thereby, it is possible to accurately control the rotation of the rotating ring 10 with an accuracy of mR to several tens of mR.
The number of motors 13 to be arranged can be determined as appropriate.
Further, the degree of rotation (rotation range) is not particularly limited, but the reflecting mirror 4 can be rotated 90 ° per 12 hours so that the reflecting mirror 4 can reflect sunlight to the receiver 5 during the day. It is good to prepare the motor 13 and the roller 12 which are the same.

  Such an east / west angle adjusting means 8 is provided for each line of reflection lines. For this reason, it is possible to rotate all the reflecting mirrors installed on one reflection line simultaneously in the east-west direction, and to simultaneously adjust the angles in the east-west direction. Moreover, the angle of the reflecting mirror can be adjusted independently for each reflecting line.

(Fine adjustment means)
The east / west angle adjusting means further includes fine adjusting means. The fine adjustment means is provided in each of the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 that are simultaneously adjusted by the rotating ring 10 or the like as described above. Then, according to the position of each reflecting mirror, the angle in the east-west direction of the reflecting surface is additionally finely adjusted. The configuration of the fine adjustment means is not particularly limited as long as the angle of the reflection surface of the reflecting mirror 4 can be finely adjusted.

An example of the fine adjustment means 18 is shown in FIG.
Here, as shown in FIG. 3C, it is assumed that the rotating member 19, the rotating actuator 20, and the rotating shaft 21 are included.
A turning member 19 having a curved surface is connected to the frame 11 and is provided with a turning actuator 20. The rotating member 19 is provided with a long groove along the curved surface. One end of the pivot shaft 21 is fitted in the long groove, and the one end of the pivot shaft 21 is movable along the long groove. The other end of the pivot shaft 21 is connected to the frame 11. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and another rotation member can be provided on the other end side in the same manner, and the other end can be fitted into the long groove.

  Further, the pivot shaft 21 is connected to the reflecting mirror 4 along the dotted line in FIG. 3A, and the reflecting mirror 4 has the pivot shaft 21 as the central axis as described above. It can rotate in the north-south direction. Thus, the reflecting mirror 4 is connected to the frame 11 via the pivot shaft 21 and the pivot member 19.

Further, the tip of a turning arm 22 of the turning actuator 20 is attached to the turning shaft 21. By the forward and backward movement of the actuator 20, the pivot shaft 21 can be moved along the long groove. Thereby, the pivot shaft 21 can be rotated in the east-west direction together with the reflecting mirrors 4 connected thereto.
In addition, the range (stroke range) of the forward / backward movement of the turning arm 22 is not particularly limited. However, as described above, the angle of the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 can be roughly adjusted simultaneously using the rotating ring 10 or the like, so that a slight difference in angle caused by the difference in position of each reflecting mirror can be additionally adjusted. What is necessary is just to be able to move the pivot shaft 21 to the extent. For example, the angle of the reflecting surface can be adjusted in the range of about 3 ° in the east-west direction.

In the present invention, the east / west angle adjusting means 8 further includes a fine adjusting means 18 as shown in FIG. 3C. Therefore, after roughly adjusting the angle of a plurality of reflectors with a rotating ring, the fine adjusting means is further adjusted. 18, the angle can be additionally finely adjusted for each reflecting mirror. That is, the angle of the reflection surface in the east-west direction can be adjusted with higher accuracy and more simply than when the fine adjustment means 18 is not provided. Thereby, it is possible to more efficiently collect and collect heat.
Note that the fine adjustment means is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 3C, and other forms may be employed. For example, as shown in FIG. 3D, rails that can be moved up and down by an actuator or the like are arranged on both sides of the reflecting mirrors, and the pivot shafts of the reflecting mirrors connected to the rails by the vertical movement of each rail. The angle in the east-west direction of the reflector may be finely adjusted by moving the bar up and down.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3E, a mechanism is provided for vertically moving one end of the pivot shaft of the reflecting mirror, the one end is vertically moved, and the reflecting mirror is rotated with the other end as a fulcrum. It is also possible to make fine adjustments. The other end can be connected to the frame in an appropriate manner so that it can serve as a fulcrum.

  Of course, the east-west angle adjusting means 8 is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 3 (rotating ring and fine adjusting means), and one means is used to individually adjust the east-west angle of the reflecting surface of each reflecting mirror 4. It can also be possible. However, if it is attempted to finely adjust the angle of each reflector in the east-west direction with only one means, the means tends to be large-scale or control is complicated. By combining the rotary ring 10 (rough angle adjustment) and the fine adjustment means 18 (fine angle adjustment) as described above, it is possible to prevent unnecessary complexity and scale. Moreover, it is easy to adjust the angle with high accuracy.

(About north-south angle adjustment means)
Next, the north-south angle adjusting means 9 will be described. FIG. 4 shows an example of the north-south angle adjusting means 9. FIG. 4A is a view taken in the direction of the arrow A in FIG. 2, and also illustrates the rotating ring 10, the frame 11, and the reflecting mirror 4 so that the positional relationship of each can be easily grasped. FIG. 4B is a view taken in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2 and also shows the frame 11 and the reflecting mirror 4 together.
The north-south angle adjusting means 9 is individually provided for the reflecting mirror 4 and includes an actuator 15 having an arm 14. The actuator 15 moves the arm 14 forward and backward. The arm 14 is connected to the reflecting mirror 4.

  Here, the tip of the arm 14 is connected to the back surface of the reflecting mirror 4, and the back surface of the reflecting mirror 4 can be pushed and pulled by its forward / backward movement, whereby an axis connecting the connecting portions with the frame 11. The reflecting mirror 4 can be rotated in the north-south direction around the center. The angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 in the north-south direction can be adjusted by the distance of the arm 14 moving forward and backward.

  The forward / backward range (stroke range) of the arm 14 is not particularly limited as long as it can appropriately reflect sunlight toward the receiver throughout the year. Due to the inclination of the earth's axis, the altitude of the sun changes in a range of (23.4 ° × 2) throughout the year, so that the stroke range of the arm 14 is adjusted so that the angle of the reflecting surface 6 can be adjusted at least by that range. It is good to decide.

Further, the arm 14 rotates the reflecting mirror 4 by pushing or pulling the back surface of the reflecting mirror 4 as described above, and simultaneously supports the reflecting mirror 4 from the back surface side.
In the conventionally used T-bone method, the reflecting mirror is arbitrarily rotated in accordance with the movement of the sun by rotating each part as shown in FIG. In such a T-bone system, the reflecting mirror may be shaken by the wind, and the reflection to the receiver may be adversely affected. However, thanks to the support by the arm 14 in FIG. Can be effectively prevented from shaking. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the reflection to the receiver from being appropriately performed due to the swing of the reflecting mirror 4, and it is possible to suppress the heat collection efficiency from being lowered.

In addition, although the case where it connected with the arm 14 on the back surface of the reflective mirror 4 was demonstrated, naturally it is not limited to this, The connection part of the arm 14 and the reflective mirror 4 can be determined suitably. For example, it can be connected to the arm 14 on the side surface of the reflecting mirror 4.
Further, the reflecting mirror 4 and the arm 14 are not necessarily connected. Any mechanism that can be rotated while appropriately supporting the reflecting mirror may be used.

  Since the reflecting mirror 4 rotates in the east-west direction together with the frame 11 as described above, the actuator 15 itself may be fixed to the frame 11, for example. In this way, even if the frame 11 and the reflecting mirror 4 are rotated in the east-west direction by the rotating ring 10 in order to adjust the angle of the reflecting surface 6 in the east-west direction, the actuator 15 is fixed to the frame 11, so The angle of the reflecting surface 6 in the north-south direction can be adjusted by the arm 14 of the actuator 15 in the same manner as before rotating in the direction.

  Such a north-south angle adjusting means 9 is provided for each reflecting mirror. For this reason, the reflecting mirror 4 can be individually rotated in the north-south direction, and the angle of the reflecting surface 6 in the north-south direction can be adjusted. Moreover, the angle can be adjusted independently for each reflecting mirror.

The mechanism for adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface 6 by rotating the reflecting mirror 4 has been described above for the east-west angle adjusting means 8 and the north-south angle adjusting means 9.
In the conventional T-bone system as shown in FIG. 27, the reflecting surface must be rotated in various directions using only the T-bone and adjusted to an arbitrary angle, which makes control complicated.
However, in the present invention, the angle adjustment of the reflecting surface is shared by the east-west angle adjusting means having a rotating ring and fine adjusting means and the north-south angle adjusting means having an actuator. That is, the east-west angle adjustment means only needs to adjust the angle in the east-west direction, and the north-south angle adjustment means only needs to adjust the angle in the north-south direction. The angle of the reflecting surface can be adjusted with high accuracy to an arbitrary angle by combining them. Moreover, since each mechanism is simple, the cost is low.

It should be noted that not only the reflecting surface 6 can be adjusted to an arbitrary angle, but also the heliostat mechanism 7 must be adjusted so that the angle actually follows the movement of the sun.
In order to facilitate such angle adjustment, for example, the angle adjustment data of the reflecting mirror 4 with respect to the movement of the sun according to the calendar and true sun time is built in the east / west angle adjustment means 8 and the north-south angle adjustment means 9. good. As described above, in the east-west angle adjusting means 8, the roller 12 is rotationally controlled by the motor 13 to control the rotation of the rotating ring 10, and the rotating actuator of the fine adjusting means 18 is controlled to reflect the reflecting mirror. The angle adjustment of the 4 reflective surfaces 6 in the east-west direction is performed. The movement of the sun can be estimated in advance from the calendar and true sun.

Therefore, the motor 13 is provided with a computer for driving and controlling the motor 13 so that the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 is appropriately adjusted following the movement of the sun. The rotation degree of the rotating ring 10 and the control value (angle adjustment data) pattern of the motor 13 are input. Similarly, the control pattern is input to the memory of the turning actuator 20 or the computer provided for the control of the forward and backward movement of the turning arm 22. When the sunlight is actually reflected by the receiver 5, the motor 13 is driven based on the angle adjustment data in the computer to control the rotation of the rotating ring 10, and the rotation arm of the rotation actuator 20. By controlling the forward and backward movement of 22, it is possible to easily adjust the angle of the reflecting surface 6.
In particular, in the east-west angle adjusting means 8, the sun moving from east to west may be rotated at a constant speed by a rotating ring and additionally finely adjusted by a fine adjusting means, and extremely stable control is possible. . In the conventional T-bone method, the reflecting mirror may rotate greatly in order to correspond to the position of the sun, and it may be necessary to rapidly increase the rotation speed. In the present invention, such a rapid rotation is required. The need can be reduced.
Instead of preparing a computer separately, for example, angle adjustment data can be input and controlled in a memory and a control circuit built in the motor 13.

  The same applies to the north-south angle adjusting means 9. That is, the arm 14 of the actuator 15 for adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 appropriately following the movement of the sun in the memory of the actuator 15 or in the computer provided. The pattern of the control value (angle adjustment data) of forward / backward movement is input in advance. Then, by controlling the forward / backward movement of the arm 14 of the actuator 15 based on the angle adjustment data, the angle of the reflecting surface 6 can be easily adjusted.

  Of course, as in the prior art, the position of the sun may be calculated sequentially, and the angle of the reflecting surface corresponding to the position of the sun may be calculated to control the east-west angle adjusting means 8 and the north-south angle adjusting means 9. However, if the built-in data patterned as described above is used, the conventional sequential calculation is not necessary, and the angle of the reflecting surface is not adjusted after performing such a sequential calculation. Therefore, it is possible to respond quickly without delaying the movement of the sun, and it is simple and highly accurate. It can also lead to an increase in heat collection efficiency. It can be determined appropriately according to the cost and the like.

Further, the east-west angle adjusting means 8 and the north-south angle adjusting means 9 can be controlled independently. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a central controller 16 is provided as shown in FIG. 8 is connected to the motor 13, the turning actuator 20, and the actuator 15 of the north-south angle adjusting means 9, and the central control device 16 rotates the rotating ring 10, the forward / backward movement of the turning arm 22 of the turning actuator 20, and It is also possible to control the forward and backward movement of the arm 14 of the actuator 15 in a unified manner. For example, the central controller 16 can control the initial angle of the reflecting surface 6 at the start of heat collection or maintenance. Based on the position of the sun, the control data of the motor 13 and the like for adjusting the angle of the reflective surface 6 and the angle to an appropriate angle is calculated, and the initial angle of the reflective surface 6 is calculated by the central controller 16 based on the calculation result. Can be adjusted.
Then, after adjusting the initial angle, the central control device 16 may continue to adjust the angle, or the angle adjustment may be performed using the built-in data as described above.

Moreover, in this invention, it has the connection member which supports and connects the several reflective mirror 4 on the reflective line of each row | line. An example of the connecting member is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows the positional relationship between the reflecting mirrors supported by the connecting member. 5 and 6, the description of the actuator and the rotating ring of the heliostat mechanism is omitted. Here, first, a case where the solar heat collecting apparatus 1 is installed in the northern hemisphere will be described.
The connecting member 17 is not particularly limited, and supports and connects a plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 (reflecting mirrors 4A _{1 to} 4A ₆ on the reflecting line 2A in FIG. 5) on the reflecting lines 2 in each row. If it is good. And what is necessary is just to be able to arrange | position the connection member 17 so that it may incline so that one end (north end) may be located relatively higher than the other end (south end) (refer FIG. 6). Although it does not specifically limit as an angle of inclination, For example, it can be set as about 15-20 degrees. Since the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 supported by the connecting member 17 are arranged so as to be inclined as described above, the reflecting mirrors installed on one end side (north side) positioned relatively upward are relatively In other words, it is positioned relatively higher than the reflecting mirror installed on the other end side (south side).

  Here, the frame 11 of the heliostat mechanism 7 is also used as the connecting member 17. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a member for connecting a plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 in addition to the frame 11 is separately prepared. Of course, it is also possible to provide a member as a connecting member. The plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 can be connected directly or indirectly, and the height position of the plurality of reflecting mirrors can be adjusted simultaneously by tilting the connecting member.

Here, the connecting member 17 may be disposed with the inclination angle in the north-south direction fixed at a constant value, but it can be freely rotated in the north-south direction. It can also be adjusted as appropriate. Members and means for adjusting the angle can be provided as necessary.
In order to reflect sunlight efficiently to the receiver, it is necessary to consider the altitude of the sun. This altitude changes depending on the calendar and the latitude of the place where the device is installed, as well as during the day. . Therefore, in addition to adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface 6 with the heliostat mechanism 7 in response to changes in the daytime, the inclination of the connecting member 17 in the north-south direction as described above is also easy to cope with changes in the calendar and latitude. The angle should be adjustable. Further, the inclination angle of the connecting member 17 may be adjusted when the altitude of the sun is low, such as in the morning. Conventionally, for example, regarding the calendar, the installation state of the reflecting mirror is adjusted in accordance with the altitude of the sun at the time of spring equinox. However, if the angle in the north-south direction can be adjusted, it can be more appropriately adapted to the movement of the sun throughout the year, and heat collection can be performed more efficiently.

Here, the reason why the connecting member 17 is provided and tilted will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4, the reflecting mirror installed on the north side is positioned relatively higher than the reflecting mirror installed on the south side, thereby preventing blocking. easy. Therefore, solar heat can be collected efficiently.
In addition, the reflecting mirrors 4 can be arranged at regular intervals, for example. This makes it easy to install a plurality of reflecting mirrors. Moreover, the connection member 17 which connects these reflective mirrors 4 should just provide a connection part with the reflective mirror 4 at equal intervals, and the manufacture is simple.
Furthermore, blocking can be prevented even with such an equidistant arrangement.

  On the other hand, in the case of a conventional apparatus that does not include a connecting member as in the present invention and a plurality of reflecting mirrors are installed at the same height position (see FIG. 28), in order to prevent blocking, It is necessary to increase the distance between the reflecting mirrors as it goes to the side. In such a positional relationship, it takes time to install the reflecting mirror. In addition, the installation range of the reflecting mirrors is expanded and the entire apparatus is enlarged, the number of reflecting mirrors per unit area is reduced, and the heat collection efficiency is not good. The present invention can also solve such problems.

Also, compared to conventional devices such as trough type, for example, it is easy to arrange the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror closer to the right angle with sunlight, the reflection efficiency can be increased, and efficient heat collection is possible. is there. In other words, trough-shaped parabolic mirrors do not adjust the north-south angle of the entire mirror, so that when the sun's altitude is low, the sunlight becomes a parabolic mirror at a low angle. Incident light and heat collection efficiency deteriorates.
However, in the case of the present invention, since the connecting member 17 is inclined, sunlight can be reflected by being incident on the reflecting mirror at a high angle so as to be closer to a right angle, and heat collection efficiency can be improved. .
Note that if the parabolic mirror is inclined and disposed in the trough type, it is necessary to tilt the receiver accordingly, which is more time-consuming than the present invention.

The connecting member 17 is also connected to the central control device 16 as shown in FIG. 6, or various data are incorporated in a motor or the like that rotates the connecting member 17 up and down. The inclination angle can be adjusted as appropriate.
In the case where the solar heat collecting apparatus is installed in the southern hemisphere, the connecting member can be disposed so as to be inclined so that the south end of the connecting member is positioned relatively higher than the north end, contrary to the aspect of FIG.

(About the receiver)
Next, the receiver 5 will be described.
The receiver 5 itself is not particularly limited, and its shape and size can be determined as appropriate. For example, a conventional one can be used. What is necessary is just to condense reflected light of sunlight and collect heat efficiently.
The receiver 5 has a heat receiving pipe through which a medium (air, carbon dioxide, etc.) flows, and the medium in the heat receiving pipe is warmed by solar heat collected by the receiver 5, and the warmed medium is sent to a steam turbine or the like. Used for power generation.

As described above, according to the present invention, the angle adjustment in the east-west direction and the north-south direction can be individually performed for each reflecting mirror, so that high-precision adjustment is possible, and sunlight can be adjusted at any time zone. Aberration can be reduced with respect to light collection. As shown in FIG. 25, the light can be condensed uniformly over a wide range. For this reason, sunlight can be collected highly efficiently and solar heat can be collected very efficiently during the daytime.
By improving the light collection rate, it is possible to reduce the size of the receiver and the number of reflectors to be installed, thereby reducing the cost. The installation area of the apparatus can also be reduced, and it can be installed and used even if it is not a vast land (for example, in Japan).

<Second embodiment>
FIG. 7 shows another example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention.
As a whole, the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 includes an imaging device 31, an arithmetic processing device 32, an image processing device 33, and a central control device 36 in addition to a plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 and receivers 5 each having a heliostat mechanism 7. ing.
The angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 can be adjusted by the heliostat mechanism 7, the imaging device 31, the arithmetic processing device 32, and the image processing device 33 under the control of the central control device 36. Moreover, the reflective surface 6 is adjusted to the ideal angle for reflecting sunlight to the receiver 5 from the position of an actual sun by these apparatuses. After the adjustment to the ideal angle, the solar heat is collected in the receiver 5 by adjusting the angle based on the angle adjustment data of the reflecting mirror 4 with respect to the calendar and the movement of the sun according to the true sun time.

In the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 of FIG. 7, the reflector, receiver, east-west angle adjusting means, north-south angle adjusting means, etc. can be the same as those of the solar heat collecting apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
Here, differences from the solar heat collecting apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 will be described in detail.

First, the imaging device 31 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 7, the imaging device 31 is not particularly limited as long as it can capture a plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 and can acquire an actual image of each reflecting mirror 4. For example, a CCD camera 34 or the like can be used. A CCD camera has sufficient image quality. As long as the reflecting mirror 4 can be discriminated and an actual image that can be compared with the ideal image can be acquired by the image processing device 33 as will be described later, the reflecting mirror 4 can be appropriately determined according to the cost.
Further, the arrangement position and the number of the imaging devices 31 are not particularly limited, and can be determined each time according to the scale of the solar heat collecting device 101, the number of the reflecting mirrors 4 and the like.

Here, the schematic diagram of the real image of the reflecting mirror 4 by the imaging device 31 is shown in FIG. Reflecting mirror 4 is shown on the right side of the circular imaging range. The magnification and the like are set so that appropriate comparison with an ideal image described later can be performed.
Here, the setting is such that a part of the reflecting mirror 4 is photographed, but naturally it is not limited to this, and it is possible to set so that the entire reflecting mirror 4 is photographed. It can be appropriately determined according to various conditions so that the comparison can be made efficiently.

Next, the arithmetic processing unit 32 will be described.
As described above, the imaging device 31 acquires a real image of the reflecting mirror 4, while the arithmetic processing device 32 acquires an ideal image of the reflecting mirror 4. The ideal image of the reflecting mirror 4 is obtained when the reflecting surface 6 is adjusted to an ideal angle in order to reflect the sunlight to the receiver 5 and can be obtained by simulation from the actual position of the sun. Any program may be used as long as a program for appropriately acquiring the ideal image as viewed from the position where the imaging device 31 is arranged, and the program itself is not particularly limited.

  FIG. 9 is an example of an ideal image of the reflecting mirror 4 by the arithmetic processing device 32. Here, the state where the reflecting mirror is located closer to the center within the circular range is ideal.

The image processing device 33 will be described.
The image processing device 33 is connected to the imaging device 31 and the arithmetic processing device 32, and an actual image of the reflecting mirror 4 acquired by the imaging device 31 and an ideal image of the reflecting mirror 4 acquired by the arithmetic processing device 32 are obtained. Will be sent. Then, the two images transmitted are compared, for example, by superimposing them, and the difference between the two images is obtained.
The image processing device 33 is not particularly limited as long as a program that can appropriately determine such an image shift is input.

  FIG. 10 is an example of an image shift obtained by the image processing device 33. Here, the actual image of the imaging device 31 and the ideal image of the arithmetic processing device 32 are overlaid and compared. It can be seen that the position of the reflecting mirror is shifted to the right in the actual image with respect to the ideal image.

Next, the central controller 36 will be described.
The central control device 36 is connected to the heliostat mechanism 7, the imaging device 31, the arithmetic processing device 32, and the image processing device 33, and can control each device in a unified manner.
The central control device 36 sends commands to the imaging device 31, the arithmetic processing device 32, and the image processing device 33 at a desired timing, and acquires the real image of the reflecting mirror 4, the acquisition of the ideal image, the real image and the ideal image. Comparison and acquisition of image deviation.

  Further, the central control unit 36 adjusts the east-west angle of the heliostat mechanism 7 for adjusting the actual angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 to the ideal angle based on the image shift obtained by the image processing device 33. A program for calculating a control value of each part (motor 13, turning actuator 20, actuator 15) such as means 8 is input. Then, the control value calculated by the program is transmitted to the heliostat mechanism 7 by the central controller 36, and the heliostat mechanism 7 is controlled based on the control value, and the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 is controlled. Is adjusted to the ideal angle.

  For example, the heliostat mechanism 7 is controlled so that the reflection surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 is adjusted to the ideal angle so as to coincide with the ideal image of FIG.

  As described above, the east-west angle adjusting means 8 and the north-south angle adjusting means 9 of the heliostat mechanism 7 can be independently controlled. Further, as described above, based on the command of the central controller 36, the reflecting mirror 4 The angle of the reflecting surface 6 can also be adjusted.

As described above, if the imaging device 31 is provided, the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 can be easily adjusted to an ideal angle corresponding to the position of the sun. In addition, the angle can be adjusted at low cost, the time required for the adjustment can be shortened, and the actual state of the reflecting surface 6 can be confirmed by the imaging device 31.
Furthermore, when the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 is constructed, the angle of the reflecting surface 6 can be appropriately adjusted later by using the imaging device 31 or the like. Can be suppressed.

  The devices and mechanisms described above can be connected to each other by wire to control communication, but can also be wirelessly controlled by providing a transmitter and a receiver. If the control is performed wirelessly, the cost can be reduced as compared with the case of wired communication, and it is possible to quickly and easily cope with the increase in the scale of the solar heat collecting apparatus 101.

Here, a method of collecting solar heat using the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 of the present invention of FIG. 7 as the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 11 shows an example of the process, which is roughly divided into an alignment process and a heat collection process.
First, by performing the alignment process, the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 is adjusted to the ideal angle with respect to the position of the sun at the start of the heat collection process, and then the heat collection process is performed to collect solar heat. .

Hereinafter, each process is explained in full detail.
(Alignment process)
The angles of the reflecting surfaces 6 of the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 are aligned (adjusted) to an ideal angle.
More specifically, first, a command is sent from the central controller 36 to the imaging device 31, the arithmetic processing device 32, and the image processing device 33.
That is, each reflecting mirror 4 is photographed by the imaging device 31 such as the CCD camera 34. Thereby, each real image is acquired (see FIG. 8).
On the other hand, the ideal image of each reflecting mirror 4 is acquired by the arithmetic processing unit 32 (see FIG. 9).
Then, the real image is sent from the imaging device 31 and the ideal image is sent from the arithmetic processing device 32 to the image processing device 33, and the real image and the ideal image are compared by the image processing device 33. Thereby, an image shift is acquired (see FIG. 10).

Next, the image processing device 33 sends data regarding image shift to the central control device 36. Then, the control value of the heliostat mechanism 7 is calculated by the central controller 36 based on the image shift data so that the actual angle of the reflecting surface 6 is adjusted to the ideal angle for each reflecting mirror 4. . That is, appropriate control values for the motor 13 of the east-west angle adjusting means 8, the actuator 20 for rotation, and the actuator 15 of the north-south angle adjusting means 9 are calculated.
Based on the control value, the motor 13, the turning actuator 20, and the actuator 15 are controlled, and the rotating ring 10 is rotated, and the turning arm 22 and the arm 14 are moved forward or backward, whereby each reflecting mirror 4 is moved. The reflecting surface 6 is adjusted to an ideal angle.
With such a method, the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4 can be easily and immediately adjusted to the ideal angle.

(Heat collection process)
After performing the alignment process as described above and adjusting the reflecting surface 6 of each reflecting mirror 4 to an ideal angle, sunlight is actually reflected to the receiver 5 by the reflecting mirror 4 to collect solar heat.
Although the angle of the reflecting surface 6 is adjusted to an ideal angle corresponding to the position of the sun at the start of the heat collecting process, it is necessary to adjust the angle of the reflecting surface 6 so as to follow the movement of the sun.

Therefore, in the present invention, solar heat collection is performed while controlling the heliostat mechanism 7 and adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface 6 based on the angle adjustment data of each reflecting mirror 4 with respect to the movement of the sun according to the calendar and true solar time. I do. For example, angle adjustment data built in the heliostat mechanism 7 can be used.
In this way, since it is not necessary to sequentially calculate the angle of the reflecting surface with respect to the position of the sun as in the prior art, it is simple and can respond quickly to the movement of the sun. In addition to being able to adjust with high accuracy, control costs can be reduced.

The alignment step can be performed when the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 is constructed, particularly when the reflecting mirror 4 and the receiver 5 are installed. In the present invention, it is not necessary to set the reflecting mirror 4 or the like so precisely, and it can be performed relatively easily as compared with the conventional case. For this reason, the effort and cost accompanying construction work can be reduced.
And after adjusting to an ideal angle once by an alignment process, it is only simple to perform a heat collection process based on angle adjustment data, and it is still simpler.

  Further, not only when the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 is constructed, for example, the alignment process can be performed periodically. In the heat collecting step, the angle of the reflecting surface 6 is not adjusted from the actual position of the sun, but adjustment is performed based on the angle adjustment data. Therefore, when the solar heat collecting apparatus 101 is operated for a long period of time, It is recommended to check the angle appropriately and adjust it periodically. By performing such periodic inspection, if the device has a malfunction or the like and the reflecting surface 6 is at an inappropriate angle, it can be adjusted again to an appropriate angle to prevent a decrease in heat collection efficiency. be able to. As a result, stable operation can be achieved.

<Third embodiment>
Furthermore, another example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention is shown. The receiver of the solar heat collecting apparatus of FIG. 1 is another aspect.
The receiver of this solar heat collector is a cavity type. The receiver 55 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 shows an example of the receiver 55, which includes a long box body 41 and one or more heat receiving tubes 42. The long box body 41 is hollow and has an upper wall 43 and side walls 44 (longitudinal side wall portion 44A and short side wall portion 44B). The side wall 44 is connected to the end of the upper wall 43 and is provided so as to extend downward. An opening 45 is formed on the lower surface of the long box body 41. On the other hand, the heat receiving pipe 42 is disposed inside a long box body 41 surrounded by an upper wall 43 and a side wall 44.
The long box body 41 is installed so that the longitudinal direction is parallel to the east-west direction, and the reflected light of sunlight reflected by the reflecting mirror is introduced into the long box body 41 from the opening 45, and the heat receiving pipe 42. The heat is collected in the heat receiving tube 42 by irradiation.

Here, the long box body 41 will be further described in detail. FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the long box. FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the upper wall 43 and the two side wall portions 44A on the long side. That is, the two long side wall portions 44 </ b> A are provided so as to be inclined toward the inside of the long box body 41. For this reason, the long box body 41 has a shape constricted toward the lower surface. An opening 45 is formed in the narrowed lower surface.
Thus, since the opening 45 is narrower than the upper side of the long box body 41 (on the upper wall 43 side), once reflected sunlight is introduced into the long box body 41, the long box Even if the light is further reflected by the inner wall of the body 41, the reflected light is not easily diffused to the outside of the long box body 41. Since the reflected light from the inner wall is difficult to escape to the outside, solar heat can be efficiently collected in the long box body 41 and further in the heat receiving pipe 42.

In addition, since the long box body 41 is installed along the east-west direction as described above, one of the two long side wall portions 44A faces the south side (side wall portion 44A ₁ ) and the other side is the north side. (Side wall portion 44A ₂ ). The angle between the upper wall 43 and the side wall portion 44A ₁ and alpha, if the angle between the upper wall 43 and the side wall portion 44A ₂ was beta, FIG 13 (A) are shown as alpha and beta to equal Can be used in which side wall portions 44A ₁ and 44A ₂ are provided.
Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 13B, a structure in which side walls 44A ₁ and 44A ₂ are provided so that α is smaller than β may be used.
According to various conditions, the form which can condense sunlight more efficiently can be selected.

Here, the use of the long box body 41 shown in FIG. 13 will be further described with reference to FIG. 14 showing the positional relationship between the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 and the long box body 41.
As shown in FIG. 14 (A), when the light receiving line is set at the upper center of the row of the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 and the long box body 41 is installed, for example, the one shown in FIG. 13 (A) is used. Is preferred. This is because the reflected light from the reflecting mirrors 4 installed on the north side and the south side with respect to the long box body 41 is collected.

On the other hand, FIGS. 14 (B) and 14 (C) show a case where the long box body 41 is installed on the south side with respect to the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4. In particular, in the northern hemisphere, by installing the long box body 41 toward the south with respect to the reflecting mirror 4, sunlight can be efficiently reflected and collected.
14B and 14C, the plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 are installed on the north side with respect to the long box body 41. That is, the position of the southernmost reflecting mirror in FIGS. 14B and 14C is positioned on the north side of the position of the southernmost reflecting mirror in FIG.

Therefore, when using the thing of the form of FIG. 13 (A) like FIG.14 (B), regarding the reflected light to the elongate box 41, the excess area | region where reflected light is not introduce | transduced in the opening part 45 in the south side Will occur. That is, a gap 46 is generated between the position where the reflected light from the southernmost reflecting mirror is introduced in the opening 45 and the end of the side wall on the long side on the south side.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14C, when using the configuration shown in FIG. 13B, the gap 46 as described above does not occur. In order to effectively collect heat by preventing heat from escaping from the long box body 41, naturally, it is more preferable that the opening 45 is smaller, and it is better that there is no excess gap 46.
In addition, it is possible to adjust the introduction of reflected light by arranging the long box body 41 at an angle as shown in FIG.

Further, each part of the long box body 41 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 also shows the heat receiving pipe 42.
As shown in FIG. 15, first, a sunlight absorbing surface 47 is provided on the inner surface side of the upper wall 43. The sunlight absorbing surface 47 is located on the back side of the heat receiving pipe 42 as viewed from the opening 45.
The reflected light of sunlight that has been introduced into the long box body 41 and has not been directly applied to the heat receiving tube 42 is applied to the inner surface side of the upper wall 43 at the back. At this time, although the opening 45 is narrowed, it may be reflected on the inner surface side of the upper wall 43, and the reflected light may escape from the opening 45 to the outside of the long box body 41. However, the presence of the sunlight absorbing surface 47 as shown in FIG. 15 can absorb the reflected light that has not been directly applied to the heat receiving tube 42, and can reduce reflection and escape from the opening 45. Is possible.

It does not specifically limit as what forms the sunlight absorption surface 47, What is necessary is just what can absorb sunlight efficiently (for example, absorption efficiency is about 0.6-0.7 or more), and uses a black ceramic etc. Can do.
In addition, a heat insulating material 48A is disposed between the solar absorption surface 47 and the upper wall 43 so that the heat absorbed by the solar absorption surface 47 does not escape to the outside through the upper wall 43. May be. Examples of the heat insulating material 48A include alumina blanket, alumina wool, and glass wool. It can be appropriately determined in consideration of lightness and high heat resistance.

Further, the infrared reflecting surface 49 can be provided on the inner surface side of the side wall portion 44A on the long side.
Although the reflected light from the reflecting mirror is introduced into the long box body 41, since the opening 45 is narrowed, the reflected light is not easily irradiated directly on the inner surface side of the side wall portion 44A on the long side. However, a part of the reflected light introduced as described above is applied to the sunlight absorbing surface 47 on the inner surface side of the upper wall 43. From the sunlight absorbing surface 47, infrared radiation (heat energy radiation) is generated. This re-radiation becomes stronger as the temperature rises, and higher heat energy is emitted.
Therefore, by providing the infrared reflecting surface 49 as described above, the infrared rays re-radiated from the sunlight absorbing surface 47 can be reflected toward the heat receiving tube 42. Thereby, the heat receiving pipe 42 can be further warmed and heat can be collected more efficiently.

  As the material for forming the infrared reflecting surface 49, for example, mirror-finished stainless steel or white ceramic can be used, but is not limited thereto. It is sufficient if infrared rays can be efficiently reflected, and can be appropriately determined in consideration of heat resistance and the like.

Further, the ceramic honeycomb 50 can be arranged in the long box body 41 or in the opening 45. FIG. 15 shows an example in which it is arranged at the position of the opening 45, but when it is arranged in the long box body 41, it is arranged so as to be located between the opening 45 and the heat receiving pipe 42.
Through holes are formed in a honeycomb shape, and reflected light from the reflecting mirror is irradiated to the heat receiving tube 42 through the through holes. On the other hand, a part of the reflected light is irradiated to the ceramic honeycomb 50. Reflected light is absorbed by the ceramic honeycomb 50, and infrared rays can be emitted toward the long box body 41 and the heat receiving pipe 42, so that they can be warmed.

Further, the ceramic honeycomb 50 can prevent the heat receiving pipe 42 from being heated more than necessary by irradiating the heat receiving pipe 42 with all the reflected light and preventing the heat receiving pipe 42 from being thermally deteriorated.
Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the heat in the long box body 41 from escaping to the outside.
The installation of the ceramic honeycomb 50 is appropriately determined as necessary so that the balance with the material of the heat receiving tube 42 is taken into consideration, and the temperature of the heat receiving tube 42 and the temperature in the long box body 41 are set to desired temperatures. Can do.

Further, the outer surface side of the long box body 41 is covered with a heat insulating material 48B. By covering with the heat insulating material 48 </ b> B, the heat in the long box body 41 can be prevented from escaping to the outside via the upper wall 43 and the side wall 44.
Examples of the heat insulating material 48B include alumina blanket, alumina wool, and glass wool. It can be appropriately determined in consideration of lightness and high heat resistance.

  In addition, a pipe 51 for circulating the medium on the outer surface side may be disposed on the side wall portion 44A on the long side. By circulating a high-temperature medium (such as air) through such a pipe 51, the inside of the long box body 41 can be preheated. By preheating, the heat receiving pipe 42 can be warmed more efficiently. The temperature of the long box body 41 and the heat receiving pipe 42 can be raised by preheating, and by introducing reflected sunlight into the long box body 41 raised to the bottom, the heat receiving pipe is compared with the case without preheating. 42 can be warmed to a higher temperature.

  On the other hand, this tube 51 can prevent the temperature of the infrared reflecting surface 49 on the inner surface side of the side wall portion 44A on the long side from becoming higher than necessary. For example, although the long box body 41 is preheated by the tube 51 and the reflected light is introduced to increase the temperature inside the long box body 41, the material for forming the infrared reflecting surface 49 at such a high temperature. May be corroded or deteriorated. However, by continuing to circulate the medium through the tube 51, conversely, the heat of the infrared reflecting surface 49 that has become higher than necessary can be released to the outside through the tube 51. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature from becoming higher than necessary near the side wall portion 44A on the long side, and to prevent deterioration of the infrared reflecting surface 49.

Next, the opening 45 on the lower surface of the long box body 41 will be described.
One or more openings 45 may be formed, and the number is not particularly limited. Also, the size is not particularly limited. An appropriate number and size can be set so that the reflected light from the reflecting mirror can be efficiently introduced into the long box body 41. The width of the opening 45 in the longitudinal direction of the long box body 41 can be determined by the number of reflection lines and the like, and the width of the opening 45 in the short direction can be set to about 20 cm to 1 m, for example.

For example, it can be set as one opening part which uses the lower end of side wall 44A as an edge.
Moreover, as a long box body in which a plurality of openings are formed, for example, a form as shown in FIG. FIG. 16 is a bottom view of the long box.
As shown in FIG. 16, a plurality of openings 45 are formed on the lower surface of the long box body 41. Here, the number of openings is four (45A to 45D), but is not limited thereto and can be determined as appropriate. A lid 52 is provided between the openings and is closed. That is, in the case of FIG. 16, there is a lid 52A between the openings 45A and 45B, a lid 52B between the openings 45B and 45C, and a lid 52C between the openings 45C and 45D.

Here, FIG. 17 shows a positional relationship between the plurality of reflection lines and the plurality of openings of the long box body.
A long box 41 is installed on the light receiving line 3A, and a plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 are installed on the reflecting lines 2A to 2D. The plurality (four in this case) of openings 45A to 45D as described above are formed so as to correspond to the reflection lines in the respective rows (2A to 2D). Therefore, for example, the reflected light from the reflecting mirror on the reflecting line 2A is collected and introduced into the long box body 41 through the opening 45A corresponding to the reflecting mirror on the reflecting line 2A.

  On the other hand, for example, the reflecting mirror on the reflecting line 2A and the reflecting mirror on the reflecting line 2B are installed at an interval, and therefore there is a region where the reflected light is not irradiated on the lower surface of the long box body 41. This region corresponds to the lid 52A between the openings 45A and 45B.

  More specifically, when the width of the reflector installed on the reflection line is 3 m in the east-west direction, the distance between the reflection lines, that is, the distance between the reflection mirrors in the east-west direction is 1 m. In the longitudinal direction of the body, the width of the opening can be 3 m and the width of the lid can be 1 m.

In the case of the long box body 41 having the plurality of openings 45 and the lid 52, since the area where the reflected light is not irradiated is not opened, the heat in the long box body 41 is prevented from escaping from the area. In addition, the heat receiving pipe in the long box body 41 can be warmed more efficiently. Although the reflected light is introduced only through the opening 45, the inside of the long box body 41 is hollow and heat can travel back and forth in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the portion corresponding to the position of the lid 52 is not directly irradiated with the reflected light. The heat receiving tube can also be warmed.
In this way, by taking a form having a plurality of openings and a lid between the openings, while taking reflected light into the long box, it is possible to prevent the heat from unnecessarily escaping from the long box, Solar heat can be collected more efficiently.

Next, the heat receiving pipe 42 disposed in the long box body 41 as described above will be described.
The number of the heat receiving tubes 42 is not particularly limited, and one or more heat receiving tubes 42 may be provided. It can be appropriately determined according to the capacity in the long box body 41, the size of the opening 45, the irradiation range of the reflected light, and the like. Also, the thickness is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 3 cm in diameter (outer diameter). The interval between the heat receiving tubes 42 is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 1 cm.

And what is devised like FIG. 18 so that sunlight can be absorbed efficiently is preferable.
FIG. 18A is an example of a heat receiving tube whose surface is processed. For example, it can be processed into a honeycomb-shaped surface or a surface on which a plurality of grooves and depressions are formed.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18B, the surface can be coated. A special paint (for example, Pyromark 2500 paint) for absorbing sunlight can be applied.
It should be noted that both of these processes may be performed.
By performing these treatments, particularly those having an absorption efficiency of 0.4 or more, and further 0.6 to 0.8 or more can be prepared.

  A medium is circulated in the heat receiving pipe 42. Examples of the internal medium include air and carbon dioxide. Reflected light is applied to the heat receiving pipe 42 to collect solar heat, the internal medium is warmed, and the warmed medium is sent to a steam turbine (not shown) or the like.

  The solar heat collecting apparatus 1 of the present invention as described above can collect heat significantly more efficiently than a conventional Fresnel type or the like. For example, in the Fresnel type or the like, although the medium in the heat receiving tube can be heated only to about 500 ° C., it can be heated to 700 ° C. or higher in the present invention.

<Fourth embodiment>
Furthermore, another example of the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention is shown. The receiver in the solar heat collecting apparatus of FIG. 1 is a further another aspect.
The cavity receiver 65 of this solar heat collecting apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the overall configuration of the receiver 65 will be described. As shown in FIG. 19, the receiver 65 includes a receiver main body 61, a lattice-shaped structure 62, and a heat receiving pipe 42 having a heat medium 63 therein. The receiver main body 61 is formed with an opening 75 for introducing the reflected light from the reflecting mirror 4 into the receiver main body 61, and a lattice-like structure 62 is disposed in the opening 75. Yes. The heat receiving tube 42 is disposed in a space surrounded by the receiver main body 61 and the lattice-like structure 62, and the reflected light introduced through the lattice-like structure 62 in the opening 75 causes the inside of the heat receiving tube 42. The heating medium 63 is heated.
Note that the overall shape is, for example, a long and narrow shape as shown in FIG. 19, and when the receiver 65 is installed on the light receiving line 3, the longitudinal direction is set along the east-west direction. . In this case, the short direction is along the north-south direction.

First, the receiver body 61 will be described.
The shape of the receiver main body 61 is not particularly limited as long as it is a cavity type having an opening 75 on the lower surface or the like. An example of the shape of the receiver body 61 is shown in FIG. Each of FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the receiver body 61. 20A to 20F, the inside of the receiver body is hollow, and an opening 75 is formed on the lower surface.

In FIG. 20A, it has an upper wall and a side wall, and the side wall is connected to the end of the upper wall and extends downward. The side wall is provided so as to be inclined outward.
On the other hand, in FIG. 20B, the side wall extends downward at a right angle to the upper wall.
In FIG. 20C, the side wall is provided so as to be inclined inward.

In FIG. 20D, compared with FIG. 20B, the lower wall extends at a right angle to the side wall from the lower end of the side wall and covers a part on the lower surface side.
In FIG. 20E, the flask is inverted.
20F has a semicircular wall and a lower wall, and the lower wall extends from the end of the semicircular wall and covers a part of the lower surface side.

Having thus given various examples of the shape of the receiver body 61, in particular, those specific S _{C /} S _A between the area S _A of the surface area S _C and the opening of the inner receiver body 61 is between 4 and 10 It can be. More preferably, it can be 8. If it is such, it will be hard for heat energy to escape from an opening part, and the inside of a receiver main part can be warmed efficiently. Therefore, the heat medium 63 of the heat receiving pipe 42 located inside can be heated more effectively, and the heat collection efficiency can be improved.

The value of the ratio _S C / _{S A} is not limited to 4-10. Of course, the receiver main body 61 having a shape in which the value of the ratio S _C / S _A takes another value may be used. It can be appropriately determined according to the cost of manufacturing the receiver main body 61, installation conditions, the target heating temperature of the heat medium, and the like.

Next, the lattice structure 62 will be described.
The specific shape of the lattice-like structure 62 is not particularly limited as long as the reflected light can be passed through the gap between the lattices and introduced into the receiver main body 61. In particular, it is preferable that the reflected light can be efficiently introduced into the receiver main body 61, while the re-radiation from the inside of the receiver main body 61 and the heat energy are not easily released to the outside. The thickness of the lattice and the size of the gap between the lattices can be determined as appropriate.
Further, the material is not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined. For example, ceramics can be used. In the case of ceramics, the lattice-like structure 62 itself is also warmed by irradiation of reflected light, and infrared rays can be emitted toward the inside of the receiver main body 61 or toward the heat receiving tube 42, and these can be heated.

In the present invention, since such a lattice-like structure 62 is disposed in the opening 75, the heat energy due to re-radiation from the heat receiving tube 42 or the heat medium 63 heated to 550 ° C. or higher is applied to the opening 75. Escape from 75 to the outside can be effectively prevented.
FIG. 21 shows a mechanism for preventing outflow of thermal energy to the outside by a lattice-like structure. As shown in FIG. 21, the re-radiation is radiated in various directions from the heat receiving tube 42 or the like. Some are radiated in a direction parallel to the gap of the lattice-like structure 62 and escape to the outside, but most of the other can be blocked by the lattice-like structure 62, Thermal energy can be kept on.
As described above, the lattice-shaped structure 62 can introduce the reflected light into the receiver main body 61 and irradiate the heat receiving tube 42, and reduce heat energy loss due to re-radiation from the heated heat receiving tube 42 to the outside. It is possible to suppress.

Next, the heat receiving pipe 42 disposed in the space surrounded by the receiver main body 61 and the lattice-like structure 62 will be described.
The number of the heat receiving tubes 42 is not particularly limited, and one or more heat receiving tubes 42 may be provided. It can be appropriately determined according to the capacity in the receiver main body 61, the size of the opening 75, the irradiation range of the reflected light, and the like. Also, the thickness is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 3 cm in diameter (outer diameter). The interval between the heat receiving tubes 42 is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 1 cm.

  Moreover, as a heat medium which distribute | circulates the inside of the heat receiving pipe 42, air and a carbon dioxide are mentioned, for example. The heat receiving pipe 42 is irradiated with reflected light to collect solar heat, the internal heat medium 63 is warmed, and the warmed heat medium 63 is sent to a steam turbine (not shown) or the like.

Next, a method for collecting solar heat using the solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention which is the fourth embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 19, a plurality of reflecting mirrors 4 each having a heliostat mechanism 7 are installed on a plurality of reflecting lines 2 set in parallel in the north-south direction, and orthogonal to the reflecting lines 2 (that is, One cavity-type receiver 65 is installed on each of the one or more light receiving lines 3 set at a fixed position above (east-west direction). If heat is collected by such a cross linear type system, the heat medium 63 in the heat receiving pipe 42 can be efficiently heated, and it is easy to heat to a high temperature of 550 ° C. or higher, further 700 ° C. or higher.

  Here, the receiver 65 includes a receiver main body 61 in which an opening 75 is formed as shown in FIG. 19, a lattice-like structure 62 disposed in the opening 75, and the receiver main body 61 and the lattice-like structure 62. A space provided with one or more heat receiving tubes 42 is prepared in the enclosed space, and installed on the light receiving line 3.

Note that examples of the shape of the receiver main body 61 include those shown in FIG. 20, but are not limited to these and can be determined as appropriate. Such as the above-mentioned ratio _S C / _{S A} can be determined in consideration of, for example, the value of the ratio _S C / _{S A} 4 to 10, more preferably to the one that satisfies the 8. This is because heat energy can be easily retained in the receiver main body 61 and the inside of the receiver main body can be efficiently heated.

  Further, by arranging the lattice-like structure 62 in the opening 75, the reflected light is passed through the gap between the lattices and introduced into the receiver main body 61, and the heat medium in the heat receiving pipe 42 heated to a high temperature. From 63, it is reradiated outside through the opening part 75, and it can prevent that heat energy flows out outside. For this reason, the heat collection efficiency can be further increased.

  In the actual heat collecting step, the heliostat mechanism 7 is used to reflect the sunlight toward the receiver 65 while adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface 6 of the reflecting mirror 4, and the reflected light passes through the lattice-shaped structure 62. It introduces into the receiver main body 61 and irradiates the heat receiving pipe 42. Thereby, the heat medium 63 in the heat receiving pipe 42 can be heated to, for example, 550 ° C. or more.

  In the present invention, since the heat medium 63 can be heated to a high temperature of 550 ° C. or higher, and further 700 ° C. or higher, re-radiation from the heat medium 63 or the like is stronger than the case of less than 550 ° C. In the conventional method, the thermal energy due to this re-radiation escapes to the outside through the opening. However, in the present invention, as described above, by disposing the lattice-like structure 62 in the opening 75, such a loss of heat energy can be extremely reduced, and the heat collection efficiency can be improved. . Since the infrared radiation becomes stronger as the temperature becomes higher, the solar heat collecting method of this aspect of the present invention is more effective when heating to a higher temperature such as 700 ° C. or higher.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are shown and this invention is demonstrated more concretely, this invention is not limited to these.
(Example)
Using the cross linear solar heat collecting apparatus of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1, a simulation was performed in which sunlight was condensed to warm the medium in the heat receiving tube. The simulation conditions were set as follows.
Set up a single light receiving line and install a receiver (height 20m above the ground), 80 reflective lines (distance between lines is 1.5m), 30 reflectors per line (size (1.5 m × 1.5 m) was installed (the area of the total reflection mirror was 5400 m ² ).
All reflectors were placed on the north side of the receiver. The horizontal distance between the tip of the first reflecting mirror on the side closer to the receiver and the receiver was set to 5 m.
The angle adjustment of the reflecting mirror was performed using the east-west angle adjusting means and the north-south angle adjusting means shown in FIG. Based on the built-in calendar and the angle adjustment data of each reflector with respect to the movement of the sun according to the time of true sun, the rotation of the rotating ring, the forward and backward movement of the turning arm of the turning actuator of the fine adjustment means, The angle of the reflector was adjusted by controlling the forward and backward movement.

Other conditions are as follows.
Blocking (blocking of reflected light by the reflecting mirrors) was set to 0 to 0.2 (that is, 20% or less).
The date and time was 10:00 am Equinox and the declination was 36.8401632 degrees (Spain Almeria).

(Comparative Example 1)
Using a conventional linear Fresnel-type solar heat collector (12 rows of reflection lines and light reception lines in the north-south direction), a simulation was performed to condense sunlight and warm the medium in the heat-receiving tube. The simulation conditions were set as follows.

Twelve rows of reflectors having a width of 1.5 m and a length of 300 m (6 rows on the east side and 6 rows on the west side with respect to the receiver) were installed (the area of the total reflector is 5400 m ² , as in the example).
In addition, by setting the distance between the reflecting mirrors to 1.5 m, the blocking ratio was made substantially the same as in the example.
The date and time and place were the same as in the example.

(Comparative Example 2)
A solar heat collecting apparatus similar to that of Example 1 was used except that the fine adjustment means of the east-west angle adjustment means was not provided. Unlike Example 1, the angle of the reflector is adjusted by controlling only the rotation of the rotating ring and the forward / backward movement of the arm of the actuator, and simulation is performed to collect sunlight and heat the medium in the heat receiving tube. It was.

Looking at the results of the simulations of the examples and comparative examples 1 and 2, in the example in which the present invention was implemented, the light condensing rate and the heat collecting efficiency could be increased by 20% with respect to the comparative example 1. In contrast to Comparative Example 2, the light collection rate and the heat collection efficiency could be increased by 4%.
As described above, the present invention can collect sunlight by collecting sunlight with extremely high efficiency as compared with a conventional solar heat collecting apparatus.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,101 ... Solar thermal collector of this invention, 2, 2A-2D ... Reflection line,
3, 3A ... light receiving line, 4, 4A _{1 to} 4A ₆ ... reflector,
5, 55, 65 ... receiver,
6 ... reflective surface, 7 ... heliostat mechanism, 8 ... east-west angle adjusting means,
9 ... North-south angle adjusting means, 10 ... Rotating ring, 11 ... Frame,
12 ... Roller, 13 ... Motor, 14 ... Arm, 15 ... Actuator,
16, 36 ... Central controller, 17 ... Connecting member,
18 ... fine adjustment means, 19 ... rotating member, 20 ... rotating actuator,
21 ... Axial rod for rotation, 22 ... Arm for rotation,
31 ... Imaging device, 32 ... Arithmetic processing device, 33 ... Image processing device,
34 ... CCD camera,
41 ... Long box body, 42 ... Heat receiving pipe, 43 ... Upper wall, 44 ... Side wall,
44A, 44A ₁ , 44A ₂ ... side wall on the long side, 44B ... side wall on the short side,
45, 45A-45D, 75 ... opening, 46 ... gap, 47 ... solar absorption surface,
48A, 48B ... heat insulating material, 49 ... infrared reflecting surface, 50 ... ceramic honeycomb,
51 ... Tube, 52, 52A-52C ... Lid
61 ... Receiver body 62 ... Lattice-like structure 63 ... Heat medium

Claims (6)

A solar heat collecting apparatus having a plurality of reflection lines and one or more light receiving lines,
The plurality of reflection lines are set in parallel in the north-south direction, and a plurality of reflection mirrors that reflect sunlight are installed on the reflection lines in each row, and the plurality of reflection mirrors Has a heliostat mechanism that adjusts the angle of the reflecting surface to follow the movement of the sun,
The heliostat mechanism includes an east / west angle adjusting means capable of individually adjusting the reflection surfaces of the plurality of reflectors in the east / west direction, and a north / south angle adjusting means capable of adjusting the angle individually in the north / south direction,
The one or more light receiving lines are set at a fixed position above and perpendicular to the plurality of reflection lines, and one receiver is installed on each light receiving line. A solar thermal collector that collects heat of reflected sunlight from the plurality of reflecting mirrors. The east / west angle adjusting means has a rotating ring and a fine adjusting means,
The rotating ring is connected to the plurality of reflecting mirrors through a frame, and an angle of a reflecting surface of the plurality of reflecting mirrors on one reflecting line through the frame by the rotation of the rotating ring. Are adjusted at the same time, and the fine adjustment means is arranged for each of the plurality of reflecting mirrors, and a plurality of reflections adjusted simultaneously by the rotation of the rotating ring by the fine adjustment means. The angle of the reflecting surface of the mirror is additionally fine-tuned individually according to the position of each reflecting mirror,
The north-south angle adjusting means has an actuator,
The actuator is arranged for each reflecting mirror, each actuator has an arm, the arm and the reflecting mirror are connected, and the angle of the reflecting surface of each reflecting mirror is individually determined by the forward and backward movement of the arm. The solar heat collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solar heat collecting apparatus is adjusted. Having a connecting member for supporting and connecting the plurality of reflecting mirrors on the reflection line of each row;
The connecting member is disposed so as to be inclined such that one end is positioned relatively higher than the other end in the north-south direction, so that the plurality of reflecting mirrors supported by the connecting member are 3. The solar heat according to claim 1, wherein the reflector installed on the side of the solar cell is positioned relatively above the reflector installed on the side of the other end. Heat collector. An imaging device that captures each of the plurality of reflecting mirrors and acquires a real image of each reflecting mirror;
An arithmetic processing device that acquires an ideal image of each reflecting mirror when the reflecting surface is adjusted to an ideal angle in order to reflect sunlight to the receiver, by simulation from the actual sun position;
An image processing device for obtaining an image shift by comparing an actual image and an ideal image of each of the reflecting mirrors;
A central control device for controlling the imaging device, the arithmetic processing device, the image processing device, and the heliostat mechanism;
The heliostat mechanism is controlled by the central control unit based on the image shift and adjusts the angle of the reflecting surface of each reflecting mirror to an ideal angle, and corresponds to the calendar and true sun time. The angle adjustment data of each reflecting mirror with respect to the movement of the sun is incorporated, and the angle of the reflecting surface of each reflecting mirror adjusted to the ideal angle is adjusted based on the built-in data. The solar-heat collecting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3. The receiver is of the cavity type;
The cavity-type receiver includes a hollow long box and one or more heat receiving tubes disposed in the long box,
The long box body surrounds the one or more heat receiving tubes with an upper wall and a side wall connected to the upper wall and extending downward, and the side wall portion on the long side of the side wall is on the inside. The long box body is narrowed toward the lower surface by being inclined toward the lower surface, and an opening is formed on the narrowed lower surface,
The long box is installed so that the longitudinal direction of the long box is parallel to the east-west direction,
The solar light reflected from the plurality of reflecting mirrors is introduced into the elongated box through the opening and irradiated to the heat receiving tube to collect solar heat. The solar-heat collecting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 4-5. The receiver is of the cavity type;
The cavity-type receiver includes a receiver body in which an opening for introducing reflected sunlight from the plurality of reflecting mirrors is formed, and a lattice-like structure disposed in the opening. And one or more heat receiving tubes are disposed in a space surrounded by the lattice-shaped structure and the receiver body,
The reflected light of the sunlight is applied to the heat receiving tube through the lattice structure, and the heat medium in the heat receiving tube is heated to 550 ° C or higher. The solar heat collecting apparatus as described in any one of 4.

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