JP2014122537A - Construction method of structure and construction structure of structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase a strength of connecting cell structures with each other and to improve a load bearing performance in a portion of connecting cell structures with each other.SOLUTION: A construction method of a structure includes the steps of: disposing a plurality of cell aggregates 2 side by side along the ground; mutually connecting cell structures 1 which are corresponding to each other, in the cell structures 1 positioned in end portions of neighboring cell aggregates 2; and filling each of the cell structures 1 with a filler 8. In the step of mutually connecting the cell structures 1 with each other, one-side end portions 14 of a pair of cell structures 1 to be connected mutually are overlapped mutually and in a first connection part 16 and a second connection part 17 of an overlapped portion 15, the pair of cell structures 1 are connected with each other. The connection is performed in such a manner that the first connection part 16 and the second connection part 17 are offset from each other in a disposing direction of the pair of cell structures 1 (in a direction of an arrow B).

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction method for a structure and a construction structure for the structure.

  As a construction method for stabilizing an inclined surface such as a slope, laying a foundation of a structure, a roadbed, or constructing a retaining wall, there is a construction method called a geocell construction method. In this construction method, a plurality of cell structures are arranged in a front-rear direction and a right-and-left direction in a honeycomb-like arrangement, and each cell structure is filled with a filling material such as soil or crushed stone. The cell structure is a lightweight mold made of a flexible material such as a synthetic resin (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Patent Document 2 describes a method of connecting cell structures (formwork blocks of the same document) with tapping screws and a method of connecting with an air stapler. In these connection methods, the cell structures are connected by a plurality of connection fittings (tapping screws or metal staples) arranged in a line in the vertical direction.

Special table 2012-504058 gazette Utility Model Registration No. 3128107

The inventor considered that the technique described in Patent Document 2 has the following problems.
When cell structures are connected by a plurality of connecting fittings arranged in a line in the vertical direction, excessive load is concentrated on one linear region, so that sufficient connection strength between cell structures is obtained. It may not be possible.

The objective of this invention is providing the construction method of the structure which can raise the connection strength of cell structures and can improve the load bearing performance of the connection part of cell structures.
Moreover, the objective of this invention is providing the construction structure of the structure of the structure where the connection strength of the cell structures was improved and the load bearing performance of the connection part of the cell structures improved.

The present invention is a method of constructing a structure formed by interconnecting a plurality of cell assemblies,
Each of the cell aggregates has a plurality of cell structures arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrated with each other,
Each of the cell structures is formed by a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form the cell structure,
The method is
Arranging the plurality of cell assemblies side by side along the ground; and
A step of interconnecting cell structures corresponding to each other among the cell structures located at the ends of the adjacent cell aggregates;
Filling each cell structure with filling material;
With
In the step of connecting the cell structures to each other, one end portions of a pair of cell structures to be connected to each other are overlapped with each other, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the overlap portion are overlapped. Connecting the pair of cell structures to each other;
The first connection part and the second connection part provide a construction method for a structure that is offset from each other in the direction in which the pair of cell structures are arranged.

  According to the construction method of the cell structure, in each of the first connection part and the second connection part that are offset from each other in the arrangement direction of the pair of cell structures connected to each other, the adjacent cell structures are Since it connects, the connection strength of the connection part of cell structures can be improved. And since the load added with respect to the connection part of cell structures can be disperse | distributed to a 1st connection part and a 2nd connection part, the load-bearing performance of the connection part of adjacent cell structures can be improved.

In addition, the present invention includes a step of laying a plurality of cell structures on an inclined surface and interconnecting cell structures adjacent to each other in an intersecting direction intersecting an inclined direction of the inclined surface;
Filling each cell structure with filling material;
Have
The cell structure has a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to constitute the cell structure,
The cell structure is configured such that the pair of strips rises with respect to the inclined surface, and a space formed between the pair of strips opens on the inclined surface side and the opposite side. Laid on the surface,
In the step of connecting the cell structures to each other, one end portions of the pair of cell structures to be connected to each other are overlapped with each other, and the first connection portion and the first Connecting the pair of cell structures at each of the two connecting portions;
The construction method for a structure is provided, wherein the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are offset from each other in the crossing direction.

Further, the present invention is a construction structure of a structure formed by connecting a plurality of cell aggregates,
Each of the cell aggregates has a plurality of cell structures arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrated with each other,
Each of the cell structures is formed by a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form the cell structure,
The plurality of cell aggregates are arranged side by side along the ground,
Cell structures corresponding to each other among the cell structures located at the ends of the adjacent cell aggregates are connected to each other,
Each cell structure is filled with filling material,
One end portions of a pair of cell structures connected to each other overlap each other, and the pair of cell structures are connected to each other in each of the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the overlap portion,
A construction structure of a structure in which the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are offset from each other in the arrangement direction of the pair of cell structures is provided.

Further, the present invention comprises a plurality of cell structures laid on an inclined surface,
Adjacent cell structures are connected to each other in the crossing direction that intersects the tilting direction of the inclined surface,
Each cell structure is filled with filling material,
The cell structure has a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to constitute the cell structure,
The cell structure is configured such that the pair of strips rises with respect to the inclined surface, and a space formed between the pair of strips opens on the inclined surface side and the opposite side. Laid on the surface,
One end portions of the pair of cell structures connected to each other in the crossing direction are overlapped with each other, and the pair of cell structures are connected to each other in each of the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the overlap portion. Are concatenated,
A construction structure of a structure in which the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are offset from each other in the intersecting direction is provided.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the connection strength of cell structures can be improved, and the load resistance performance of the connection part of cell structures can be improved.

It is a perspective view which shows the connection structure of cell structures. It is a perspective view of the cell aggregate | assembly which has the some cell structure integrally formed mutually. It is a perspective view which shows the state which deform | transformed the cell assembly so that the opening area of each cell structure may spread. It is a perspective view which shows the state which laid the cell aggregate | assembly on the slope. It is a perspective view which shows the state before connecting the cell structure corresponding to an adjacent cell aggregate | assembly. It is sectional drawing of the connection part of cell structures. It is a principal part top view of the connection part of cell structures. It is sectional drawing of the state which laid the cell aggregate | assembly on the slope. It is a typical perspective view of a structure foundation. It is a typical perspective view which shows the state which installed the structure on the structure foundation. It is a typical perspective view showing a series of processes for laying a roadbed. It is a typical perspective view showing a series of processes for laying a roadbed. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the modification 1 of 3rd Embodiment. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the modification 2 of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which laid the track | orbit on the railroad board. It is a typical sectional side view of a retaining wall. It is a typical top view of a retaining wall. FIG. 18A is a schematic front view of a retaining wall, and FIG. 18B is a schematic view showing a planar position of a seam between cell assemblies in each of adjacent step structures. It is a figure which shows the modification 1 of the connection structure of cell structures, among these, (a) is a perspective view of a connection structure, (b) is an exploded view of the connection tool used for connection, (c) is a connection structure. It is sectional drawing. It is a perspective view which shows the modification 2 of the connection structure of cell structures. FIG. 21A is a diagram showing a sample used in the test described in the example, and FIG. 21B is a front view showing the test status of the example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[First Embodiment]
The construction method of the structure according to the present embodiment can be suitably used for protection of the inclined surface 3 (FIGS. 4 and 8) and greening. The slopes include cuts, embankments, existing embankments, natural slopes, constructed grounds (cut slopes, embankment slopes, existing embankment slopes, road slopes, slopes on constructed grounds such as industrial parks, river embankments. , Coastal dike, reservoir pond body, railway slope), ruins of collapse, steep slopes, etc.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a connection structure between cell structures 1. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cell assembly 2 having a plurality of cell structures 1 integrally formed with each other. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the cell assembly 2 is deformed so that the opening area of each cell structure 1 is expanded. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the cell aggregate 2 is laid on the slope. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state before the corresponding cell structures 1 of adjacent cell assemblies 2 are connected to each other. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a connecting portion (first connecting portion 16) between the cell structures 1. FIG. In addition, since the cross section of the 2nd connection part 17 is the same as that of FIG. 6, illustration is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a principal part of a connecting portion between the cell structures 1 (in the case of this embodiment, a view seen in a direction perpendicular to the slope). FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the cell assembly 2 laid on the slope.

The construction method for a structure according to the present embodiment is a construction method for constructing a structure formed by connecting a plurality of cell assemblies 2 to each other. Each of the cell aggregates 2 has a plurality of cell structures 1 arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrated with each other. Each of the cell structures 1 is formed by a pair of flexible strips 11 and 12. The pair of strips 11 and 12 are integrated by being joined to each other at joints 13 formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form the cell structure 1.
This construction method includes the following steps.
1) Step of arranging a plurality of cell assemblies 2 side by side along the ground (in the case of this embodiment, for example, an inclined surface 3 such as a slope) 2) A cell structure located at an end of adjacent cell assemblies 2 Step of interconnecting cell structures 1 corresponding to each other among 1 3) Step of filling filling material 8 in each cell structure 1 Step of connecting cell structures 1 to each other here Then, the end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1 connected to each other overlap each other, and a pair of cell structures are formed in each of the first connection portion 16 and the second connection portion 17 in the overlap portion 15. Connect the bodies 1 together. And the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are mutually offset in the arrangement direction (arrow B direction) of a pair of cell structure 1.

In the cell structure construction method according to the present embodiment, a plurality of cell structures 1 are laid on an inclined surface 3 (for example, a slope), and the inclined direction of the inclined surface 3 (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 4). The cell structures 1 that are adjacent to each other in the intersecting direction intersecting with each other (for example, the direction orthogonal to the inclination direction as in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 4), and the inside of each cell structure 1 And a step of filling the filling material 8. The cell structure 1 has a pair of flexible strips 11 and 12. The pair of strips 11 and 12 are integrated by being joined to each other at the joints 13 at both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof, thereby constituting the cell structure 1. The cell structure 1 has a posture in which a pair of strips 11 and 12 stands with respect to the inclined surface 3 and a space formed between the pair of strips 11 and 12 opens in the direction of the inclined surface 3 and in the opposite direction. Thus, it is laid on the inclined surface 3. In the step of connecting the cell structures 1 to each other, the end portions 14 in the crossing direction (arrow B direction) of the pair of cell structures 1 connected to each other are overlapped with each other, so that the cell structures 1 In each of the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 in the overlap portion 15, the one end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1 are connected to each other. The 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are mutually offset in the crossing direction (arrow B direction) (the position has shifted | deviated).
Details will be described below.

  In this construction method, for example, a cell assembly 2 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is used. The cell assembly 2 has a plurality of cell structures 1 arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrally formed with each other.

  The cell assembly 2 has three or more long strip members 7 made of a flexible material. These strip members 7 are arranged in parallel with each other. The cell aggregate 2 is arranged on the inclined surface 3 so that the arrangement direction (arrangement direction) of the strip members 7 is the arrow A direction and the longitudinal direction of the strip members 7 is the arrow B direction. The pair of strip members 7 adjacent to each other are bonded to each other at each of the bonding portions 13 arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof (that is, the arrow B direction which is the crossing direction). Among these joint portions 13, individual cell structures 1 are formed by a pair of strip members 7 ranging from one joint portion 13 to another joint portion 13 positioned next to the one joint portion 13 in the direction of arrow B. Is configured. The first strip material 7 and the second strip material 7 adjacent to each other among the plurality of strip materials 7 are joined portions 13 (first joints) arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction (arrow B direction). Are joined together. The second strip material 7 and the third strip material 7 adjacent to the second strip material 7 on the opposite side of the first strip material 7 are in the longitudinal direction (direction of arrow B). Are joined to each other at each of the joint portions 13 (second joint portions) arranged at regular intervals. Each of the second joint portions is located in the middle of the adjacent first joint portions in the arrow B direction. That is, the position of each second joint portion in the direction in which the second joint portions are arranged (the direction of arrow B) is set in the middle of the first joint portions adjacent in the arrow B direction. Similarly, the position of each 1st junction part in the arrangement direction (arrow B direction) of a 1st junction part is set to the intermediate position of the adjacent 2nd junction part.

  The strip material 7 is made of a resin material such as high density polyethylene. Adjacent strip members 7 are welded to each other at the joint 13 by, for example, thermocompression bonding.

  The number of cell structures 1 (number of cells) included in one cell aggregate 2 is arbitrary. Note that the cell aggregate 2 shown in FIG. 2 and the cell aggregate 2 shown in FIG. 3 have different numbers of cells.

  As described above, each cell structure 1 is composed of a pair of strips 11 and 12. That is, the strips 11 and 12 are formed of a part of the pair of strip members 7 in the longitudinal direction. The strip 11 is a structure shared by a plurality of cell structures 1 partitioned from each other by the strip 11. Similarly, the belt-like body 12 is a structure shared by a plurality of cell structures 1 partitioned from each other by the belt-like body 12.

  For example, a plurality of drain holes 9 are formed in the strips 11 and 12. However, the drain holes 9 need not be formed in the strips 11 and 12.

  Further, one end portion 14 of the cell structure 1 located at the end portion (end portion in the direction of arrow B) of the cell assembly 2 is used for interconnecting the cell structure 1 with another cell structure 1. A through hole 22 is formed. For example, a pair of through holes 22 are formed in the one end portion 14 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, and a binding band 21 described later can be looped.

  By deforming the cell assembly 2 so that the intermediate portions between both ends of the band-like bodies 11 and 12 of each cell structure 1 are separated from each other, the cell assembly is expanded so that the opening area of each cell structure 1 is expanded. 2 can be extended (FIG. 3). Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the positions of the joint portions 13 are set so that the joint portions 13 are arranged in a staggered manner in a plan view in a state where the cell aggregate 2 is stretched. For this reason, a plurality of cell structures 1 are arranged in a honeycomb shape in a state where the cell aggregate 2 is stretched. FIG. 3 shows a state in which some of the cell structures 1 are filled with the filling material 8 and the remaining cell structures 1 are not filled with the filling material 8.

  Hereinafter, the construction method of the structure according to the present embodiment will be described in the order of steps.

  First, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of cell assemblies 2 are laid on the inclined surface 3. That is, a plurality of cell assemblies 2 having a plurality of cell structures 1 arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrally formed with each other are laid on the inclined surface 3. Therefore, a plurality of cell structures 1 are laid on the inclined surface 3. The cell structure 1 is also formed on the upper flat surface 4 that is a flat surface (horizontal plane) that is continuous with the upper end of the inclined surface 3 and on the lower flat surface 5 that is a flat surface (horizontal plane) that is continuous with the lower end of the inclined surface 3. May be laid.

  Here, in the cell structure 1 on the inclined surface 3, the pair of belt-like bodies 11, 12 stands with respect to the inclined surface 3, and the space formed between the pair of belt-like bodies 11, 12 is the inclined surface 3 side. It is laid on the inclined surface 3 in a posture that opens to (obliquely downward) and the opposite side (diagonally upward). When the cell structure 1 is also laid on the upper flat surface 4 and the lower flat surface 5, the cell structure 1 includes a pair of belt-like bodies 11 and 12 with respect to the upper flat surface 4 and the lower flat surface 5. Laid to stand up.

  Next, the cell structures 1 adjacent to each other in a direction (arrow B direction in FIG. 4) orthogonal to the tilt direction of the inclined surface 3 (arrow A direction in FIG. 4) are connected to each other. Since the cell structures 1 of the cell assemblies 2 are connected in advance, the cell structures 1 of the adjacent cell assemblies 2 are connected at the joint 6 shown in FIG.

  That is, among the cell structures 1 included in the cell assembly 2, each of the plurality of cell structures 1 located at the end in the arrow B direction, and the corresponding cell structure 1 of the adjacent cell assembly 2, Are interconnected individually. That is, one end portion 14 in the direction of arrow B of cell structure 1a shown in FIG. 5 and one end portion 14 in the direction of arrow B of cell structure 1b corresponding to this cell structure 1a are connected to each other.

  For this purpose, first, the end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b connected to each other are overlapped with each other. And a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b is mutually connected in each of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 in the overlap part 15 (refer FIG. 1). Here, the cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other in each of the first connecting part 16 and the second connecting part 17 so that the first connecting part 16 and the second connecting part 17 are offset from each other in the arrow B direction. Link. By connecting the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b to each other in both the first connecting part 16 and the second connecting part 17, their connection strength can be improved.

  A method of connecting the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b to each other in each of the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to connect using a connector having a metal content ratio of less than 50% by weight. Thereby, corrosion (rusting) of the coupler can be suppressed. In particular, by connecting using a connector made of a material other than a metal material, corrosion (rust) of the connector can be more reliably suppressed. The content ratio of the resin in this connector is preferably 50% by weight or more. Specifically, for example, this connector can be made of resin. Alternatively, the connector may be made of a composite material of resin and metal (for example, a stranded wire of a synthetic fiber and a fine metal wire).

  As a connecting tool, it is a preferable example to use a binding band 21 as shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 7. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the one end portions 14 can be connected to each other by the binding band 21 through the through holes 22 formed in the respective one end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1 a and 1 b. By connecting the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b using the binding band 21, the binding band 21 can be deformed following the deformation of the cell structures 1a and 1b. For this reason, even when the cell structures 1a and 1b are deformed, the connection between the cell structures 1a and 1b can be maintained. Further, since the binding band 21 can be extended and deformed, even if the cell structures 1a and 1b are greatly deformed and the binding band 21 is extended and deformed, the connection between the cell structures 1a and 1b can be maintained. it can. The binding band 21 may be made of a resin, or may be made of a composite material of resin and metal.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 7, at least one of the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 is joined to one end portion 14 of each of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b. The one end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are coupled to the portion 13 so as to be offset in the direction of arrow B.

  Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the joint portion 13 of each one end portion 14 of the pair of cell structures 1 a and 1 b is connected to the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 in the arrow B direction. The one end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other so as to be positioned therebetween. That is, both the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 are offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the joint portion 13 of the one end portion 14 of each of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b.

For this reason, the branch part 18 in which the strips 11 and 12 constituting the cell structure 1a are bifurcated, and the bent part 19 having a substantially complex angle with respect to the branch part 18 are also connected in the direction of the arrow B. It is located between the part 16 and the second connecting part 17.
Similarly, the branch part 18 in which the strips 11 and 12 constituting the cell structure 1b are divided into two parts, and the bent part 19 that is substantially in a complex angle with respect to the branch part 18 are also connected in the direction of the arrow B in the first connection direction. It is located between the part 16 and the second connecting part 17.
And when the connection part of a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b is planarly viewed, it will be in the state which the strip | belt-shaped bodies 11 and 12 of a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b cross | intersected X shape.

  A large load is applied to the connecting portion between the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b in the inclined direction of the inclined surface 3, that is, in the arrow A direction. This load is considered to act most strongly on the bent portion 19 located mainly on the upper side of the arrow A direction, that is, in the vicinity of the joint portion 13. Therefore, the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are offset in the arrow B direction from the site | part to which a load acts most strongly. For this reason, it can suppress that an excessive load will be given to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17. FIG.

  In addition, the cell structure 1 is formed also in the position of the joint 6 of these cell aggregates 2 by connecting the adjacent cell aggregates 2 (refer FIG. 4, FIG. 5).

  When all the cell structures 1 of the cell aggregates 2 adjacent to each other in the direction of the arrow B are connected, the filling material 8 such as earth and sand such as locally generated soil, crushed stone, concrete or mortar is put in each cell structure 1. Fill and compact (see eight cell structures 1 on the left side in FIG. 3).

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8, the cell structure 1 is fixed to the inclined surface 3 by penetrating the cell structure 1 and driving anchor pins 25 into the ground of the inclined surface 3 as necessary. Note that the surface of the cell structure 1 may be covered with a sheet material (not shown). This sheet material is preferably water-permeable. Examples of the water-permeable sheet material include those made of a nonwoven fabric or the like, or those having a network structure. When providing a sheet material, the anchor pin 25 may be driven so as to penetrate the sheet material and the cell structure 1. Moreover, you may fix the cell assembly 2 located in the upper end part of the inclined surface 3 to the ground using the wire 26 and the anchor 27 as needed.

  The construction structure of the structure obtained by the construction method as described above is as follows.

  That is, this construction structure is a construction structure of a structure formed by connecting a plurality of cell assemblies 2 to each other. Each of the cell aggregates 2 has a plurality of cell structures 1 arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrated with each other. Each of the cell structures 1 is formed by a pair of flexible strips 11 and 12. The pair of strips 11 and 12 are integrated by being joined to each other at joints 13 formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form the cell structure 1. The plurality of cell assemblies 2 are arranged side by side along the ground (for example, the inclined surface 3). The cell structures 1 corresponding to each other among the cell structures 1 located at the ends of the adjacent cell assemblies 2 are connected to each other. Each cell structure 1 is filled with a filling material 8. One end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1 connected to each other overlap each other, and the pair of cell structures 1 are connected to each other in each of the first connection portion 16 and the second connection portion 17 in the overlap portion 15. Are connected. The 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are mutually offset in the arrangement direction (arrow B direction) of a pair of cell structure 1. FIG.

  The laying structure includes a plurality of cell structures 1 laid on the inclined surface 3. Adjacent cell structures 1 are connected to each other in the intersecting direction (arrow B direction) intersecting the tilt direction (arrow A direction) of the inclined surface 3. Each cell structure 1 is filled with a filling material 8. The cell structure 1 has a pair of flexible strips 11 and 12. The pair of strips 11 and 12 are integrated by being joined to each other at the joints 13 formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction, thereby constituting the cell structure 1. The cell structure 1 has a posture in which a pair of belt-like bodies 11 and 12 stand up with respect to the inclined surface 3 and a space formed between the pair of belt-like bodies 11 and 12 opens on the inclined surface 3 side and the opposite side. Thus, it is laid on the inclined surface 3. One end portions 14 in the crossing direction (arrow B direction) of the pair of cell structures 1 connected to each other overlap each other. A pair of cell structures 1 are connected to each other in the first connecting part 16 and the second connecting part 17 in the overlap portion 15. The 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are mutually offset in the crossing direction (arrow B direction).

  According to the construction method of the cell structure according to the embodiment as described above, the first connection portion 16 and the second connection portion that are offset from each other in the intersecting direction (arrow B direction) with respect to the tilt direction (arrow A direction) of the inclined surface 3. In each of the connecting portions 17, the adjacent cell structures 1 a and 1 b are connected to each other, so that the connection strength of the connection portion between the cell structures 1 a and 1 b can be improved. And since the load of the filling material 8 etc. which is added to the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b can be disperse | distributed to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, connection of adjacent cell structure 1a, 1b is carried out. The load bearing performance of the part can be improved. Thereby, the fracture | rupture of the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b is suppressed. Therefore, since the shape (cell shape) of each cell structure 1 can be suitably maintained, the inclined surface 3 can be stably reinforced by the structure including the plurality of cell structures 1.

  Moreover, at least any one of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 is offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the junction part 13 of each one end part 14 of a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b. As described above, the one end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other. That is, at least one of the first connection portion 16 and the second connection portion 17 is indicated by an arrow B from the portion (near the joint portion 13) where the largest load acts at the connection portion between the cell structures 1a and 1b. Offset in direction. Thereby, since it can suppress that an excessive load is added to at least any one of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, between the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 It is possible to prevent the cell structures 1a and 1b from being disconnected from each other in at least one of them. For this reason, about the direction which is offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the junction part 13 among the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, the connection should just be made with a certain amount of strength, and it is so strong Need not be connected to For this reason, the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 that are offset in the direction of arrow B with respect to the joint portion 13 are not shown in FIG. ) To connect the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b together. Examples of the string-like body include a stranded wire of a synthetic fiber or a stranded wire of a synthetic fiber and a metal fine wire.

  More specifically, the joint portion 13 of the one end portion 14 of each of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b is disposed between the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 in the arrow B direction, The one end portions 14 of the cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other. Thereby, the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 can be offset in the arrow B direction from the part (near junction part 13) where the largest load acts in the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b. . Thereby, since it can suppress that an excessive load is added to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, in the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, connection of cell structure 1a, 1b is carried out. It can suppress that it comes off. For this reason, each of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 should just be connected with a certain amount of strength, and does not need to be connected so firmly. For this reason, in each of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, instead of using the binding band 21, a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b can also be connected and connected using said string-like body. Is possible.

  Moreover, since a connector with a metal content ratio of less than 50% by weight is used as a connector for connecting the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b, corrosion (rust) of the connector can be suppressed. Specifically, for example, it is preferable to use a connector having a resin content of 50% by weight or more. In particular, by connecting using a connector made of a material other than a metal material (for example, made of resin), corrosion (rust) of the connector can be more reliably suppressed.

  Further, by using the binding band 21 as the connection tool, the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b can be connected to each other by the first connection part 16 and the second connection part 17 with sufficient strength. Moreover, since the connection work by the binding band 21 can be easily performed by human power, for example, equipment such as an air compressor and power for operating the same are not required.

  In addition, according to the construction structure of the structure according to the present embodiment, the ends of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b connected to each other in the direction of arrow B overlap each other, and the overlap portion 15 A pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other in each of the first connecting part 16 and the second connecting part 17 in FIG. And the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are mutually offset in the arrow B direction. Therefore, the connection strength of the connection parts between the cell structures 1a and 1b is improved. And since the load of the filling material 8 etc. which is added to the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b can be disperse | distributed to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, connection of adjacent cell structure 1a, 1b is carried out. The load bearing performance of the part is also improved.

[Second Embodiment]
In the present embodiment, a structure foundation 70 as a structure is laid by connecting a plurality of cell assemblies 2 in the horizontal direction. FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the structure foundation 70. FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which the structure 80 is installed on the structure foundation 70.

  The structure foundation 70 is a foundation of the structure 80 installed thereon, and is formed by connecting a plurality of cell assemblies 2 in the horizontal direction.

  As shown in FIG. 9, a structure foundation 70 is laid on a flat ground 71. As shown in FIG. 10, a structure 80 is installed on the structure foundation 70. The structure 80 may be installed directly on the structure foundation 70, or the leveled concrete 72 is formed on the structure foundation 70, and the structure 80 is installed on the leveled concrete 72. May be. The structure 80 is obtained by connecting a plurality of concrete blocks 81 to each other, for example. A sheet material 73 may be disposed between the ground 71 and the structure foundation 70 and between the structure foundation 70 and the leveled concrete 72 as necessary. This sheet material is preferably 73 and water-permeable. Examples of the water-permeable sheet material 73 include those made of a nonwoven fabric or the like, or those having a network structure.

  The structure foundation 70 is configured, for example, by arranging the cell assemblies 2 in a single layer on the ground 71. Depending on the size of the structure 80 to be installed, the required number of cell assemblies 2 are arranged in the horizontal direction, and these cell assemblies 2 are connected to each other. The cell structures 1 are also formed at the positions of the seams 6 between the cell assemblies 2 by connecting the cell assemblies 2 adjacent in the horizontal direction.

  The cell structure 1 of each cell assembly 2 is filled with the filling material 8. The filling material 8 is earth and sand such as locally generated soil, crushed stone, concrete, or mortar.

  In the structure foundation 70, rod-shaped connecting members for reinforcement (steel wires, steel strands, steel rods such as reinforcing bars, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) rods, etc.) (not shown) are inserted as necessary. May be. The rod-like connecting material contributes to improvement of the cell shape of each cell structure 1.

  In addition, you may laminate | stack the structure foundation 70 in multiple layers as needed. In this case, you may arrange | position said sheet | seat material 73 between the structure bases 70 of an adjacent layer.

  Hereinafter, the construction method of the structure according to the present embodiment will be described in the order of steps.

  First, on the ground 71, the required number of cell aggregates 2 are arranged in a horizontal direction in an area where the structure 80 is installed. However, the horizontal direction here is not necessarily limited to a direction strictly along a horizontal plane. The horizontal direction mentioned here may be a substantially horizontal direction (lateral direction), and is a direction inclined so that the structure 80 can be stably formed by the structure foundation 70 composed of the plurality of cell assemblies 2. Also good.

  Here, the plurality of cell assemblies 2 are arranged so that the space formed between the pair of strips 11 and 12 of each cell structure 1 of each cell assembly 2 is open in the vertical direction. Arrange (see FIG. 5). In addition, when arrange | positioning the sheet | seat material 73 under the structure foundation | substrate 70, after laying the sheet | seat material 73 on the ground 71, the cell aggregate 2 is arrange | positioned on the sheet | seat material 73. FIG.

  Next, among the cell structures 1 located at the end portions (end portions in the arrow B direction) of the cell assemblies 2 adjacent in the horizontal direction, the cell structure bodies 1 corresponding to each other are connected to each other. That is, among the cell structures 1 included in the cell assembly 2, each of the plurality of cell structures 1 located at the end in the arrow B direction, and the corresponding cell structure 1 of the adjacent cell assembly 2, Are interconnected individually.

  Since the method of connecting the cell structures 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  Here, the width of the structure foundation 70 (dimension in the oblique depth direction in FIG. 10) is adjusted to an arbitrary dimension according to the width of the structure 80 to be installed. The number of cell assemblies 2 arranged side by side in the width direction of the structure foundation 70 is adjusted according to the width of the structure foundation 70. When all the cell assemblies 2 aligned in the width direction of the structure foundation 70 are connected, the filling material 8 is filled into the cell structure 1 of each cell assembly 2 and the filling material 8 is compacted.

  Next, the leveled concrete 72 is formed flat on the cell aggregate 2 and the filling material 8 using a mold (not shown). When the sheet material 73 is disposed on the structure foundation 70, the leveled concrete 72 is formed on the sheet material 73 after the sheet material 73 is laid on the structure foundation 70. Then the formwork is removed. Thereby, the structure foundation 70 is formed.

  Thereafter, a plurality of concrete blocks 81 are installed side by side on the leveled concrete 72, and the concrete blocks 81 are connected to each other using metal fittings or the like, so that the structure 80 is installed on the structure foundation 70. The

  In this way, by providing the structure foundation 70 and then installing the structure 80 on the structure foundation 70, the ground foundation 71 can be easily reinforced by the structure foundation 70 when the ground 71 is soft. Therefore, the structure 80 can be stably installed.

  According to the construction method of the structure according to the second embodiment as described above, the first connection portions that are offset from each other in the arrangement direction (arrow B direction) of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b that are connected to each other. Since the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected in each of the 16 and the second connection part 17, the connection strength of the connection part between the cell structures 1a and 1b can be improved. And since the load of the structure 80 etc. added to the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b can be disperse | distributed to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b adjacent to each other The load bearing performance can be improved. Thereby, since the breakage of the connection portion between the cell structures 1a and 1b is suppressed, the shape (cell shape) of each cell structure 1 can be suitably maintained. Can be stably supported.

A load of the structure 80 or the like is applied to the cell assembly 2 constituting the structure (structure base 70). A vertical force is applied to the cell assembly 2 by gravity.
Here, as described above, since the cell structure 1 is also formed at the position of the joint 6 between the cell assemblies 2, the structure foundation 70 is formed in a flat disk shape as a whole. There will be no bias against the load from above, and the force will be received as a surface. As a result, uneven settlement of the structure foundation 70 is suppressed.
Further, a reaction force from the ground acts on the vertical force applied to the cell assembly 2, and at that time, a part of the vertical force changes in the horizontal direction. For this reason, it is considered that not only the vertical force but also the horizontal force is applied to the cell assembly 2.
It is assumed that the horizontal component of the load applied to the cell assembly 2 acts most strongly on the bent cell 19 (FIG. 7), that is, in the vicinity of the joint 13 with respect to the connected cell assembly 2. Therefore, it is thought that the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are offset in the arrow B direction from the site | part to which a load acts most strongly. For this reason, since it can suppress that an excessive load acts on the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, the fracture | rupture of the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress unequal settlement of the structure foundation 70 due to the breakage of the connection portions between the cell structures 1a and 1b. That is, since the load bearing performance of the structure foundation 70 is improved, the structure 80 having a greater weight can be installed on the structure foundation 70.

  Moreover, at least any one of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 is offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the junction part 13 of each one end part 14 of a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b. As described above, the one end portions 14 of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other. Thereby, since it can suppress that an excessive load is added to at least any one of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, between the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 It is possible to prevent the cell structures 1a and 1b from being disconnected from each other in at least one of them. For this reason, about the direction which is offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the junction part 13 among the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, the connection should just be made with a certain amount of strength, and it is so strong Need not be connected to For this reason, instead of using the binding band 21, the above string-like body is used for the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 that are offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the joint portion 13. It is also possible to connect and connect the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b.

  More specifically, the joint portion 13 of the one end portion 14 of each of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b is disposed between the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 in the arrow B direction, The one end portions 14 of the cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other. Thereby, the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 can be offset in the arrow B direction with respect to the junction part 13 vicinity. Thereby, since it can suppress that an excessive load is added to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, in the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, connection of cell structure 1a, 1b is carried out. It can suppress that it comes off. For this reason, each of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 should just be connected with a certain amount of strength, and does not need to be connected so firmly. For this reason, in each of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, instead of using the binding band 21, a pair of cell structure 1a, 1b can also be connected and connected using said string-like body. Is possible.

  In addition, according to the construction structure (structure foundation 70) of the structure according to the present embodiment, the first offset in the arrangement direction (arrow B direction) of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b connected to each other. In each of the connecting part 16 and the second connecting part 17, since the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected, the connection strength of the connecting parts between the cell structures 1a and 1b is improved. And since the load of the structure 80 etc. added to the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b can be disperse | distributed to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b adjacent to each other The load bearing performance is improved.

[Third Embodiment]
In this embodiment, the roadbed 90 as a structure is constructed by connecting a plurality of cell assemblies 2 in the horizontal direction. 11 and 12 are schematic perspective views showing a series of steps for laying the roadbed 90. FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of cell assemblies 2 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction on the ground 91. However, the horizontal direction here is not necessarily limited to a direction strictly along a horizontal plane. The horizontal direction mentioned here may be a substantially horizontal direction (lateral direction), and may be a direction inclined to an extent suitable for forming a road 95 through which the vehicle can pass.

  The plurality of cell assemblies 2 are arranged along the route of the road 95 (FIG. 12) to be laid. Here, the cell assembly 2 is arranged so that the direction of the arrow B is the direction along the route of the road 95 (FIG. 11). Note that a sheet material 73 similar to the above may be disposed under the cell assembly 2 (that is, under the roadbed 90).

  Next, among these cell aggregates 2, the cell aggregates 2 adjacent to each other are connected. Since the method of connecting the cell assemblies 2 is the same as in the first and second embodiments, the description thereof is omitted.

  Next, each cell structure 1 of the cell assembly 2 is filled with the filling material 8 and compacted. Thereby, the roadbed 90 is formed (FIG. 10). In addition, when filling the filling material 8 into the cell structure 1, the roadside material 93 made of the same material as the filling material 8 is placed on the ground 91 around the roadbed 90 (roadside) to the same height as the roadbed 90. The roadside material 93 is also compacted together with the filling material 8. As a result, as shown in FIG. 12, the roadbed 90 is embedded in the roadside material 93.

  As described above, since the plurality of cell aggregates 2 are arranged along the route of the road 95, the roadbed 90 is formed long in one direction in the horizontal direction.

  By providing such a roadbed 90 on the ground 91, the road 95 can be easily laid even when the ground 91 is soft.

  A road surface layer (not shown) such as a paved road surface such as asphalt may be laid on the roadbed 90 as necessary.

According to the structure laying method according to the third embodiment as described above, the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained. Also in the case of this embodiment, since the cell structure 1 is formed at the position of the joint 6 between the cell assemblies 2, the roadbed 90 is formed in a flat plate shape as a whole. There will be no bias against the load, and the surface will receive force. As a result, uneven subsidence (unevenness) of the roadbed 90 is suppressed. Therefore, since the shape (cell shape) of each cell structure 1 can be suitably maintained, the vehicle can pass through the road 95 smoothly. In particular, since a load is applied only to the ground contact portion of the wheel on the roadbed 90, an offset load is more likely to be applied than in the case of the structure foundation 70, but the cell structure 1 is also formed at the position of the joint 6. Therefore, uneven settlement can be effectively suppressed.
Moreover, since it can suppress that an excessive load acts on the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 similarly to said 1st Embodiment, it is the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b. Breakage is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress uneven settlement of the roadbed 90 due to the breakage of the connection portion between the cell structures 1a and 1b. That is, since the roadbed 90 can withstand a larger live load, the roadbed 90 can be applied to a road with a higher traffic volume.

<Modification 1 of the third embodiment>
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view in the transverse direction of the roadbed 90) showing a first modification of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, in this modification, a groove 92 is formed in the ground 91 before the roadbed 90 is formed, and the roadbed 90 as a structure is laid in the groove 92. Here, it is preferable to form the groove 92 and the roadbed 90 so that at least one side surface 90 a (for example, both side surfaces 90 a) in the short direction of the roadbed 90 is supported by the side wall of the groove 92.

  When there is a clearance between the side wall 90a of the groove 92 and the side surface 90a of the roadbed 90, the clearance is filled with a filling material (not shown) of the same material as the filling material 8, and the filling material is filled with the filling material. The material 8 should be compacted together.

According to this modification, the same effects as those of the third embodiment can be obtained.
Further, since the roadbed 90 is laid in the groove 92, it is not necessary to spread the roadside material 93 around the roadbed 90 or the amount of the roadside material 93 can be reduced.
Further, by supporting the side surface 90 a of the roadbed 90 by the side walls of the groove 92, the shape of the roadbed 90 becomes more stable.

<Modification 2 of the third embodiment>
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view in the transverse direction of the roadbed 90) showing a second modification of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14, in this modification, the roadbed 90 is laminated and laid in a plurality of stages. For this reason, the ground 91 can be further reinforced by the multi-stage roadbed 90. Note that a sheet material 73 similar to the above may be interposed between the adjacent roadbeds 90.

Also by this modification, the same effect as the third embodiment can be obtained.
Since the roadbed 90 is laminated in a plurality of stages, the ground 91 can be reinforced more firmly.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B are cross-sectional views showing a state in which a rail (track) 207 is laid on the railway road board 210. In this embodiment, the railway road board 210 as a structure is constructed by connecting a plurality of cell aggregates 2 in the horizontal direction.

  First, a plurality of cell aggregates 2 are arranged in a horizontal direction on the ground 201 (arranged in a direction (backward direction) orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 15A). However, the horizontal direction here is not necessarily limited to a direction strictly along a horizontal plane. The horizontal direction here may be a substantially horizontal direction (lateral direction), and may be a direction inclined to an extent suitable for forming the railroad board 210 on which the railway vehicle can travel.

  The plurality of cell assemblies 2 are arranged along the path of the rail 207 to be laid. Here, the cell aggregate 2 is arranged so that the direction of the arrow B is the direction along the path of the rail 207.

  Next, among these cell aggregates 2, the cell aggregates 2 adjacent to each other are connected. Since the method of connecting the cell assemblies 2 is the same as that in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  In the example of FIG. 15A, after connecting the cell assemblies 2, each cell structure 1 is filled with an aggregate 202 such as ballast as the filling material 8, and the aggregate 202 is compacted.

  Next, the mold 203 is placed on the cell assembly 2 in an overlapping manner. The mold 203 is made of a nonwoven fabric or the like and is formed in a shallow box shape.

  Next, the aggregate 202 is filled in the mold 203 by rolling the aggregate 202 from above the mold 203, and the aggregate 202 is compacted. When filling the aggregate 202 into the mold 203, the aggregate 202 is spread on both sides of the cell assembly 2 and the mold 203, and then the aggregate 202 is also compacted.

  Next, a sleeper 205 is placed on the formwork 203. Further, the aggregate 202 is also wound around the sleepers 205 and the aggregate 202 is compacted. Thus, the railway road board 210 is laid. The railway road board 210 at this stage is in the middle stage.

  Next, a pair of rails 207 is laid on the sleepers 205. Thereafter, the railway vehicle is run on the rail 207 for a predetermined period, and the aggregate 202 is compacted as a whole.

  Next, the filler 204 in a fluid state is poured from above the mold 203. The filler 204 is, for example, concrete, mortar, or asphalt. The filler 204 is filled in the gap between the aggregates 202 in the mold 203. Next, the filler 204 is cured.

  In this way, the railway board 210 is completed.

  Here, in the example of FIG. 15A, the railway road board 210 has a strong structure by including a reinforcing plate 220 configured by filling the aggregate 202 and the filler 204 in the mold 203. It has become.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 15 (b), an iron road board 210 in a form in which the reinforcing plate 220 is omitted may be laid. In the case of the example of FIG. 15B, after the cell assemblies 2 are connected, the aggregate 202 such as ballast is spread from above the cell assemblies 2, so that the filling material 8 is contained in each cell structure 1. The aggregate 202 is filled, and the aggregate 202 is spread on both sides of the cell assembly 2 and the mold 203. Thereafter, the aggregate 202 is compacted. Thus, the railway road board 210 is laid. Thereafter, the sleepers 205 are placed on the railroad board 210. Next, the ballast 206 is wound around the sleeper 205 and the ballast 206 is compacted, and then a pair of rails 207 is laid on the sleeper 205.

According to the structure laying method according to the fourth embodiment as described above, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained. Also in this embodiment, since the cell structure 1 is formed at the position of the seam 6 between the cell assemblies 2, the railway road board 210 is formed in a flat disk shape as a whole. It will receive a force as a surface without being biased against the load. As a result, uneven settlement (non-landing) of the railway road board 210 is suppressed. Therefore, since the shape (cell shape) of each cell structure 1 can be suitably maintained, the railway vehicle can travel on the rail 207 smoothly.
Moreover, since it can suppress that an excessive load acts on the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 similarly to said 2nd Embodiment, it is the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b. Breakage is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress uneven settlement of the railway road board 210 due to the breakage of the connection portions between the cell structures 1a and 1b. That is, since the railway board 210 can withstand a larger live load, the railway board 210 can be applied to a railway with a larger amount of travel.

[Fifth Embodiment]
In the construction method of the structure according to the present embodiment, the retaining wall 50 is constructed as the structure. FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional side view of the retaining wall 50. FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of the retaining wall 50. FIG. 18A is a schematic front view of the retaining wall 50, and FIG. 18B is a schematic view showing a planar position of the joint 6 between the cell assemblies 2 in each of the adjacent step structures 51. .

  As shown in FIGS. 16 and 18A, the retaining wall 50 is disposed along the inclined surface 3, for example, and protects (reinforces) the inclined surface 3. The slope 3 includes cut, bank, existing bank, natural slope, ground (cut slope, bank slope, existing bank slope, road slope, slope on industrial grounds such as industrial parks, rivers Embankments, coastal embankments, reservoir pond bodies, railway slopes), ruins of collapse, and steep slopes.

  The retaining wall 50 is constructed by stacking the step structure 51 in a plurality of steps. The stage structure 51 of each stage is formed by connecting a plurality of cell assemblies 2 in the horizontal direction. In addition, by connecting the cell assemblies 2 adjacent in the horizontal direction with respect to each stage structure 51, the cell structure 1 is also formed at the position of the joint 6 between the cell assemblies 2. By forming the cell structure 1 at the position of the joint 6 between the cell assemblies 2, each step structure 51 receives a force as a surface without being biased with respect to the load from above. As a result, uneven settlement of each step structure 51 is suppressed.

  For example, the position of the step structure 51 of each step shifts in the depth direction (the natural mountain side) of the retaining wall 50 as the upper step structure 51 so that the retaining wall 50 has a shape along the inclined surface 3. ing. That is, the retaining wall 50 has, for example, a shape that is inclined backward to the natural ground side as a whole (see FIG. 16). However, the retaining wall 50 may be constructed by stacking the step structures 51 of each step in the vertical direction.

  Each cell structure 1 is filled with a filling material 8. The filling material 8 is earth and sand such as locally generated soil, crushed stone, concrete, or mortar.

Here, the middle packing material 8 filled in the cell structure 1 of each stage structure 51 so that the particle size of the filling material 8 filled therein becomes larger in the lower stage structure 51. You may choose the type. Thereby, the lower the retaining wall 50, the better the drainage.
Specifically, the inside of each step structure 51 constituting the lower part of the retaining wall 50 is filled with crushed stone 8a, and the inside of each step structure 51 constituting the upper part of the retaining wall 50 is locally generated. Filling with soil 8b can be mentioned.

  In the retaining wall 50, a rod-like connecting material (steel wire, steel stranded wire, steel rod such as a reinforcing bar, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) rod, etc.) 62 for reinforcement may be inserted as necessary. . The rod-shaped connecting member 62 contributes to maintaining the cell shape of each cell structure 1 and improving the integrity of the adjacent step structure bodies 51.

  Moreover, you may arrange | position a sheet | seat material (not shown) in the boundary surface of the step structure 51 of an adjacent step | paragraph as needed. This sheet material is preferably water-permeable. Examples of the water-permeable sheet material include those made of a nonwoven fabric or the like, or those having a network structure. Specifically, for example, on the step structure 51 filled with the filling material 8 having a relatively large particle diameter, the step structure 51 filled with the filling material 8 having a relatively small particle diameter is provided. When stacked, a sheet material can be disposed on the boundary surface between these step structures 51. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the filling material 8 having a small particle size from entering the layer filled with the filling material 8 having a large particle size. As a result, the clogging of the layer filled with the medium filling material 8 having a large particle size can be suppressed, and the drainage of the layer can be maintained. In addition, as needed, a cylindrical drainage material, a three-dimensional drainage material, a plate-like drainage material, or a drainage material formed by laminating plate-like drainage materials is arranged at the boundary between adjacent step structure bodies 51. Or may be arranged inside the step structure 51.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the retaining wall 50 may have a sandbag 63. For example, the sandbag 63 is provided on the uppermost step structure 51 of the retaining wall 50 and is fixed to the step structure 51 by an anchor pin 64. After installing the sandbag 63, the filler 5a is filled on the back structure 51 and the upper flat surface 5 to form the top end portion of the retaining wall 50. By providing the sandbag 63, when water such as rain water that has flowed through the top end of the retaining wall 50 flows down from the slope side end portion at the top of the retaining wall 50 along the slope portion, It is possible to prevent the filler 8 from flowing out. In addition, turning up of the step structure 51 when the snow slides down from the slope side end portion at the top end of the retaining wall 50 can be suppressed. Examples of the sandbag 63 include vegetation sandbags for greening or those made by filling a permeable bag with crushed stone as a filling material.

  In order to stabilize the retaining wall 50, for example, the lower portion of the retaining wall 50 is embedded in a groove 61 formed in the ground. That is, the retaining wall 50 is embedded. Specifically, for example, the lowermost step structure 51 of the retaining wall 50 is embedded in the groove 61. The side surface of the lowermost stage structure 51 is supported by the side wall of the groove 61.

  Hereinafter, the construction method of the retaining wall according to the present embodiment will be described in the order of steps.

  Here, the example which builds the retaining wall 50 along the inclined surface 3 (FIG. 16) is demonstrated. It is assumed that the inclined surface 3 is formed between the upper flat surface 4 and the lower flat surface 5.

  First, a flat groove 61 is formed at a location adjacent to the inclined surface 3 in the lower flat surface 5. Next, the lowermost step structure 51 is formed in the groove 61. Thereafter, the step structures 51 of each step are sequentially stacked. The necessary number of step structures 51 are stacked until the upper surface of the uppermost step structure 51 is substantially flush with the upper flat surface 4. Thereby, the retaining wall 50 can be constructed.

  Here, the stage structure 51 of each stage is arranged horizontally. That is, the plurality of cell assemblies 2 constituting the step structure 51 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. However, the horizontal direction here is not necessarily limited to a direction strictly along a horizontal plane. The horizontal direction mentioned here may be a substantially horizontal direction (lateral direction), and may be a direction inclined to the extent that the retaining wall 50 can be stably formed by the step structure 51.

  Further, the retaining wall 50 is constructed along the inclined surface 3 by shifting the upper stage structure 51 toward the natural ground.

  Here, since the procedure for forming the step structure 51 of each step is the same as the procedure for forming the structure foundation 70 and the roadbed 90, the description thereof is omitted.

  The width of the retaining wall 50 (the dimension in the left-right direction in FIG. 17) is adjusted to an arbitrary dimension according to the width of the inclined surface 3. According to the width of the retaining wall 50, the number of cell assemblies 2 arranged side by side in the width direction of the retaining wall 50 is adjusted. By connecting all the cell assemblies 2 aligned in the width direction of the retaining wall 50 and filling the cell structure 1 of each cell assembly 2 with the filling material 8, a one-stage stage structure 51 is formed.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 18 (particularly, FIG. 18B), the position of the joint 6 (6a) between the cell assemblies 2 in the one step structure 51 (51a) and the one step structure 51 ( The plurality of step structures 51 may be stacked such that the position of the joint 6 (6b) between the cell assemblies 2 in the step structure 51 (51b) adjacent to the step 51a) is shifted from each other in plan view. preferable.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the flatness of the step structure 51 of each step and the flatness of the retaining wall 50 can be improved by arranging the joints 6 of each step so as to be shifted. However, the joints 6 of each step may be aligned with each other (may be aligned with each other in plan view).

In addition, when inserting the rod-shaped connection material (steel wire, steel strand wire, steel rods, such as a reinforcing bar, FRP rod) 62 inside the retaining wall 50, for example, for each stage structure 51 of each step, the rod-shaped connection material 62 is inserted. That is, in the step of constructing the step structure 51 of each step, the step of laying and extending the cell assembly 2, the step of connecting adjacent cell assemblies 2, and the step of inserting the rod-shaped connecting member 62, The step of filling the filling material 8 is performed in this order. Moreover, it is preferable that the rod-shaped connecting members 62 of the adjacent step structure bodies 51 are connected to each other. By doing so, the adjacent step structure bodies 51 can be connected to each other.
Thus, the retaining wall construction method according to the present embodiment may further include a step of providing a reinforcing material (bar-shaped connecting material 62) penetrating through the adjacent step structure 51. Further, the reinforcing material can be provided so that the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing material (rod-shaped connecting material 62) extends in the vertical direction.

  According to the construction method of the structure according to the fifth embodiment as described above, the first connection portions that are offset from each other in the arrangement direction (the arrow B direction) of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b that are connected to each other. Since the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected in each of the 16 and the second connection part 17, the connection strength of the connection part between the cell structures 1a and 1b can be improved. And since the load of the filling material 8 etc. which is added to the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b can be disperse | distributed to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, connection of adjacent cell structure 1a, 1b is carried out. The load bearing performance of the part can be improved.

  The stage structure 51 of each stage constituting the retaining wall 50 is laminated with other stage structures 51 except for the uppermost stage structure 51, and the lower stage structure 51 is stacked on top. The number of step structures 51 increases. For this reason, a larger load is applied to the lower stage structure 51. A vertical force is applied to the step structure 51 of each step by gravity, and a reaction force from the ground acts on the vertical force, and at that time, a part of the vertical force is horizontal. Instead, the horizontal force tends to go to the front side (opposite the natural mountain side) of the open slope. For this reason, it is considered that not only the vertical force but also the horizontal force acts on the step structure 51.

  It is assumed that the horizontal component of the force applied to the stepped structure 51 acts most strongly on the bent cell 19 (FIG. 7), that is, in the vicinity of the joint 13 with respect to the connected cell assembly 2. Therefore, it is thought that the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17 are offset in the arrow B direction from the site | part to which a load acts most strongly. For this reason, since it can suppress that an excessive load acts on the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, the fracture | rupture of the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b is suppressed. That is, since the load-bearing performance of each step structure 51 is improved, it is possible to easily construct a higher retaining wall 50 having a larger vertical dimension.

  Moreover, according to the construction structure (retaining wall 50) of the structure according to the present embodiment, the first connection that is offset from each other in the arrangement direction (arrow B direction) of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b that are connected to each other. Since the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other in the part 16 and the second connection part 17, the connection strength of the connection parts between the cell structures 1a and 1b is improved. And since the load of the filling material 8 etc. which is added to the connection part of cell structure 1a, 1b can be disperse | distributed to the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, connection of adjacent cell structure 1a, 1b is carried out. The load bearing performance of the part is also improved.

<Variation 1 of connection structure between cell structures>
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a first modification of the connection structure between the cell structures 1a and 1b. Among these, (a) is a perspective view of a connection structure, (b) is an exploded view of the connection tool 30 used for connection, and (c) is a sectional view of the connection structure.

  As shown in FIG. 19B, the connector 30 includes a first portion 31 and a second portion 32. The first portion 31 has a pin-like insertion portion 33 and a head portion 34 provided at one end of the insertion portion 33. The second portion 32 includes a base portion 35 and a plurality of fixing hooks 36 protruding from the base portion 35 toward one side. An insertion hole 37 for inserting the insertion part 33 is formed in the base part 35. The first portion 31 and the second portion 32 are each made of an elastic material. In addition, the 1st part 31 and the 2nd part 32 may each be comprised with resin, and may be comprised with the composite material which consists of multiple types of material. As a specific example of the latter, for the second portion 32, the base portion 35 is made of a resin material, and the fixing hook 36 is made of a metal material or FRP. By inserting the insertion portion 33 into the insertion hole 37 of the base portion 35, the plurality of fixing hooks 36 are engaged with the insertion portion 33, so that the insertion portion 33 cannot be removed from the second portion 32 (first 1 portion 31 is locked with respect to second portion 32).

  First, the plurality of fixing hooks 36 of the second portion 32 are inserted into the through holes 22 formed in the one end portion 14 of each of the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b. Next, the insertion portion 33 of the first portion 31 is inserted into the insertion hole 37 of the base portion 35, and each fixing hook 36 is engaged with the insertion portion 33. As a result, the fixed hooks 36 are elastically deformed in the direction in which the distal end portions of the fixed hooks 36 are separated from each other, and the fixed hooks 36 are prevented from falling off the through holes 22.

  Thereby, in the 1st connection part 16, between the fixed hook 36 and the base part 35, the strip | belt-shaped bodies 11 and 12 of the one end part 14 of the cell structure 1b, the strip | belt-shaped body 12 of the one end part of the cell structure 1a, The cell structures 1a and 1b can be connected to each other.

  Similarly, in the 2nd connection part 17, between the fixed hook 36 and the base part 35, the strips 11 and 12 of the one end part 14 of the cell structure 1a, and the strip | belt body 11 of the one end part of the cell structure 1b, The cell structures 1a and 1b can be connected to each other.

  In addition, as shown to Fig.19 (a), in each of the 1st connection part 16 and the 2nd connection part 17, cell structure 1a, 1b can be connected with the connection tool 30 in the several places of an up-down direction. preferable.

  According to the first modification, as in the above embodiments, the connection strength between the cell structures 1 can be increased, and the load bearing performance of the connection portion between the cell structures 1 can be improved.

<Modification 2 of the connection structure between cell structures>
FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing Modification Example 2 of the connection structure between the cell structures 1a and 1b. In the second modification, the pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other using an air stapler. The air stapler is an air-driven stapler that uses a compressor, and drives the staple 40, which is a gate-shaped connecting fitting, into the connecting portion with high-pressure air. As shown in FIG. 20, in each of the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17, it is preferable to connect the cell structures 1a and 1b with staples 40 at a plurality of locations in the vertical direction.
In the case of the modification 2, the cell structure 1 located at the end of the cell assembly 2 is not formed with the through hole 22.

  According to the second modification, as in the above embodiments, the connection strength between the cell structures 1 can be increased, and the load bearing performance of the connection portion between the cell structures 1 can be improved.

Example 1
The tensile strength test of the connected cell structures 1a and 1b was performed. FIG. 21A is a diagram showing a sample used in the test described in the example, and FIG. 21B is a front view showing the test status of the example.
<Test method>
In accordance with JIS L 1908, a low-speed extension type tensile tester was used.
The distance between the pair of chucks of the tensile tester (distance between chucks) was 20 cm.
The pulling speed was set to pull 40% of the distance between chucks per minute. That is, the tensile speed was 8 cm / min.
As shown in FIG. 21A, a sample in which a pair of cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other was used. As the cell structure 1a, the band-like bodies 11 and 12 having a width of 10 cm, the band-like bodies 11 and 12 having a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the band-like bodies 11 and 12 having high-density polyethylene were used. Two binding bands 21 were used for connection between the cell structures 1a and 1b. That is, one binding band 21 was used for connecting the first connecting portion 16 and the other binding band 21 was used for connecting the second connecting portion. As shown in FIG. 1, the joint portion 13 of the one end portion 14 of each of the pair of cell structures 1 a and 1 b is positioned between the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17. As the binding band 21, INSULOK (registered trademark) AB200-W (black) manufactured by Heraman Tighton Co., Ltd. was used.
The temperature was 22 ° C. and the humidity (RH) was 50%.
Six samples were prepared. For each sample, the cell structure 1a is held by one chuck of the tensile tester, the cell structure 1b is held by the other chuck, and the cell structure 1a and the cell structure 1b are pulled in opposite directions. A test was conducted (see FIG. 21 (b)).

(Comparative example)
In the embodiment, a sample in which the cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to each other at two locations of the first connecting portion 16 and the second connecting portion 17 is used, whereas in the comparative example, the cell structures 1a and 1b are connected to one location. The same tensile strength test as that of the example was performed using the samples connected in the above.

<Test results>
In the examples, the maximum tensile strength (load immediately before the sample broke) of each sample was 3700 N / 10 cm, 2920 N / 10 cm, 3760 N / 10 cm, 2280 N / 10 cm, 3640 N / 10 cm, 3690 N / 10 cm. Therefore, the average of the maximum tensile strength was 3330 N / 10 cm. Further, in the example, the sample broke at a location that was neither the first connection portion 16 nor the second connection portion 17.
On the other hand, in the comparative example, the connection part between the cell structures 1a and 1b was broken.
As a result, in the Example, it turned out that the connection strength of cell structure 1a, 1b and the load-bearing performance of a connection part are higher than a comparative example.

1, 1a, 1b Cell structure 2 Cell assembly 3 Inclined surface 4 Upper flat surface 5 Lower flat surface 6 Seam 7 Strip material 8 Filling material 8a Crushed stone 8b Locally generated soil 9 Holes 11 and 12 Band-shaped body 13 Joint 14 One end 15 of the cell structure 15 Overlap portion 16 First connecting portion 17 Second connecting portion 18 Branching portion 19 Bending portion 21 Binding band 22 Through hole 25 Anchor pin 26 Wire 27 Anchor 30 Connecting tool 31 First portion 32 Second portion 33 Insertion part 34 Head part 35 Base part 36 Fixing hook 37 Insertion hole 40 Staple 50 Retaining wall 51 Step structure 61 Groove 62 Rod-like connection material 63 Earthenware 64 Anchor pin 70 Structure foundation 71 Ground 72 Leveling concrete 73 Sheet material 80 Structure 81 Concrete block 90 Roadbed 91 Ground 92 Groove 93 Roadside material 95 Road 110 Reinforcement material 111 Main body 112 Core material 113 Load receiving part 114 Filling part 120 U-shaped groove 130 Anchor bar 201 Ground 202 Aggregate 203 Formwork 204 Filling material 205 Sleeper 206 Ballast 207 Rail 210 Railway road board 220 Reinforcing plate

Claims (19)

In the construction method of constructing a structure formed by interconnecting multiple cell assemblies,
Each of the cell aggregates has a plurality of cell structures arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrated with each other,
Each of the cell structures is formed by a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form the cell structure,
The method is
Arranging the plurality of cell assemblies side by side along the ground; and
A step of interconnecting cell structures corresponding to each other among the cell structures located at the ends of the adjacent cell aggregates;
Filling each cell structure with filling material;
With
In the step of connecting the cell structures to each other, one end portions of a pair of cell structures to be connected to each other are overlapped with each other, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the overlap portion are overlapped. Connecting the pair of cell structures to each other;
The construction method of the structure in which the first connection part and the second connection part are offset from each other in the arrangement direction of the pair of cell structures.   In the step of interconnecting the cell structures, at least one of the first connection part and the second connection part is the joining part of the one end part of each of the pair of cell structures. On the other hand, the construction method of the structure according to claim 1, wherein one end portions of the pair of cell structures are connected so as to be offset in the arrangement direction.   In the step of interconnecting the cell structures, the joint portion of the one end of each of the pair of cell structures is between the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the arrangement direction. The construction method for a structure according to claim 2, wherein one end portions of the pair of cell structures are connected so as to be arranged.   4. The connector according to claim 1, wherein a connector made of a material other than a metal material is used as a connector for connecting the pair of cell structures in the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion. Construction method of the structure.   The method for constructing a structure according to claim 4, wherein the material other than the metal material is a resin. As a connection tool for connecting the pair of cell structures in the first connection part and the second connection part, using a binding band,
In the step of interconnecting the cell structures, the one ends of the pair of cell structures are connected by the binding band through a through hole formed in the one end of each of the pair of cell structures. Item 6. The construction method for a structure according to any one of Items 1 to 5. The cell assembly includes three or more strip members arranged in parallel to each other, and a pair of strip members adjacent to each other is mutually connected at each of joint portions arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction. Each of the cell structures by the pair of strip members in a range from one of the joints to another joint located next to the one joint in the longitudinal direction of the pair of strip members. The body is composed,
Among the strip materials, the first strip material and the second strip material adjacent to each other are joined to each other at each of the first joint portions arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof,
The second strip material and the third strip material adjacent to the second strip material on the opposite side of the first strip material are arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof. Bonded to each other in each of the second joints,
The position of each 2nd junction part in the arrangement direction of the said 2nd junction part is set to the middle position of the adjacent said 1st junction part, The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 Construction method.   The connector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a connector having a metal content ratio of less than 50% by weight is used as a connector for connecting the pair of cell structures in the first connector and the second connector. The construction method of the structure as described in a term.   The structure laying method according to claim 8, wherein a content ratio of the resin in the connector is 50% by weight or more. Laying a plurality of cell structures on an inclined surface, and interconnecting cell structures adjacent to each other in an intersecting direction intersecting an inclined direction of the inclined surface;
Filling each cell structure with filling material;
Have
The cell structure has a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to constitute the cell structure,
The cell structure is configured such that the pair of strips rises with respect to the inclined surface, and a space formed between the pair of strips opens on the inclined surface side and the opposite side. Laid on the surface,
In the step of connecting the cell structures to each other, one end portions of the pair of cell structures to be connected to each other are overlapped with each other, and the first connection portion and the first Connecting the pair of cell structures at each of the two connecting portions;
The construction method for a structure, wherein the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are offset from each other in the crossing direction.   In the step of interconnecting the cell structures, at least one of the first connection part and the second connection part is the joining part of the one end part of each of the pair of cell structures. On the other hand, the construction method of the structure according to claim 10, wherein one end portions of the pair of cell structures are connected so as to be offset in the crossing direction.   In the step of connecting the cell structures to each other, the joint portion of the one end of each of the pair of cell structures is between the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the intersecting direction. The construction method for a structure according to claim 11, wherein one end portions of the pair of cell structures are connected so as to be arranged.   13. The connection tool according to claim 10, wherein a connection tool made of a material other than a metal material is used as a connection tool for connecting the pair of cell structures in the first connection part and the second connection part. Construction method of the structure.   The method for constructing a structure according to claim 13, wherein the material other than the metal material is a resin. The connector is a binding band;
In the step of interconnecting the cell structures, the one ends of the pair of cell structures are connected by the binding band through a through hole formed in the one end of each of the pair of cell structures. Item 15. The method for constructing a structure according to Item 13 or 14. In the step of laying the plurality of cell structures on the inclined surface, a plurality of cell assemblies having the plurality of cell structures arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrally formed with each other are laid on the inclined surface;
In the step of interconnecting the cell structures, each of a plurality of cell structures located at an end in the intersecting direction among the cell structures included in the cell aggregate and the adjacent cell aggregate The structure construction method according to claim 10, wherein the corresponding cell structures are connected to each other. The cell assembly includes three or more strip members arranged in parallel to each other, and a pair of strip members adjacent to each other is mutually connected at each of the joint portions arranged at a constant interval in the intersecting direction. Each of the cell structures is constituted by the pair of strip members in a range from one of the joints to another joint located next to the one joint in the crossing direction,
Among the strip materials, the first strip material and the second strip material adjacent to each other are joined to each other at each of the first joint portions arranged at a constant interval in the intersecting direction,
The second strip material and the third strip material adjacent to the second strip material on the opposite side of the first strip material are arranged at regular intervals in the intersecting direction. Are joined together at each of the two joints,
Each of the said 2nd junction part is the construction method of the structure of Claim 16 located in the middle of the said 1st junction part adjacent in the said cross direction. A construction structure of a structure formed by interconnecting a plurality of cell assemblies,
Each of the cell aggregates has a plurality of cell structures arranged in a honeycomb shape and integrated with each other,
Each of the cell structures is formed by a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form the cell structure,
The plurality of cell aggregates are arranged side by side along the ground,
Cell structures corresponding to each other among the cell structures located at the ends of the adjacent cell aggregates are connected to each other,
Each cell structure is filled with filling material,
One end portions of a pair of cell structures connected to each other overlap each other, and the pair of cell structures are connected to each other in each of the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the overlap portion,
The construction structure of the structure in which the first connection portion and the second connection portion are offset from each other in the arrangement direction of the pair of cell structures. Comprising a plurality of cell structures laid on an inclined surface;
Adjacent cell structures are connected to each other in the crossing direction that intersects the tilting direction of the inclined surface,
Each cell structure is filled with filling material,
The cell structure has a pair of flexible strips,
The pair of strips are integrated by being joined to each other at joints formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to constitute the cell structure,
The cell structure is configured such that the pair of strips rises with respect to the inclined surface, and a space formed between the pair of strips opens on the inclined surface side and the opposite side. Laid on the surface,
One end portions of the pair of cell structures connected to each other in the crossing direction are overlapped with each other, and the pair of cell structures are connected to each other in each of the first connection portion and the second connection portion in the overlap portion. Are concatenated,
The construction structure of the structure in which the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are offset from each other in the intersecting direction.