JP2014118670A - Shelter for emergency evacuation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an underground embedded type shelter for emergency evacuation configured in high strength and capable of withstanding a vibration from the outside in spite of a simple structure, having durability for a long period of time, low-cost, applicable to a small-scale house and a small-scale public facility, and practical.SOLUTION: A shelter for emergency evacuation 1 is constituted of: a first box body section 2 formed in a cubic shape having six surfaces made of hard plate bodies; and a second box body section 3 formed in a cubic shape having six surfaces made of hard plate bodies so as to cover whole area of an external surface of the first box body section 2. The first and second box body sections 2, 3 are arranged and fixed such that a predetermined clearance 6 is held by a spacer part 5 between individual faces 4 facing each other, a clearance 6 between the first and second box body sections 2, 3 forms airtight space sections 7 mutually communicated, and furthermore, the insides of the airtight space sections 7 are filled with liquid sections 8.

Description

  The present invention relates to an emergency evacuation shelter, and in particular, sudden natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes, landslides, debris flows, floods, misfires, explosions in residential areas or forest areas, The present invention relates to an emergency evacuation shelter that can reliably and safely protect itself from large-scale fires caused by lightning strikes, vandalism by terrorist groups, and the like.

In recent years, a large tsunami accompanying the occurrence of a large-scale earthquake has caused many houses to be destroyed and leaked, and many residents who have been evacuated have lost their lives. There has also been an incident where the death of a large-scale fire in an urban area caused by the earthquake caused a delay in escaping.
Similarly, houses and buildings have collapsed due to a large earthquake, and there are many victims who have been left behind in the event of a fire or suffocation, destruction of buildings due to large tornadoes, or lightning strikes. It is also known that there were many victims who lost their lives in the event of a forest fire.
In addition, in other sudden natural disasters, there are many cases in which people have lost their lives because they have no time to evacuate.
When such a sudden natural disaster occurs, if you can evacuate with sufficient margin from the disaster occurrence site, it is not a problem, but if you evacuate from the disaster by mistake in the evacuation time or evacuation method Has been found to be extremely dangerous with respect to human life.
In such a situation, if there is a space where people who are going to evacuate, or people can escape temporarily from the disaster, in a very close location or area, loss of human life can be avoided, The need for so-called shelters has attracted attention in recent years.

As an emergency evacuation shelter to achieve such purpose, the above natural disasters and explosions and fires such as man-made disasters are temporary, and the disaster occurs, passes through a predetermined area, An environment is created where one or more people who have evacuated to the emergency evacuation shelter can sustain their lives for a period of time until the disaster ends, perhaps up to about an hour. It will be a good thing.
With regard to the emergency evacuation shelter having such a purpose, many techniques have been disclosed so far. For example, tsunami shelters, tornado shelters, earthquake shelters, etc. have been developed and put into practical use.

Specifically, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-106142 (Patent Document 1), a container structure with a waterproof sealed structure is engaged with an upright guard rail, and a tsunami has come. In this case, a tsunami shelter is disclosed in which the container structure is configured to rise along the guard rail as seawater rises, and Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2007-277998 (Patent Document 2) discloses. Is constructed so that when a tsunami strikes, the container structure is separated from the house by the force of seawater and floats on the seawater when the tsunami strikes. An improved tsunami shelter is disclosed.
Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-74385 (Patent Document 3), a hemispherical evacuation facility is connected to a base portion with a connecting chain, and when a tsunami strikes, the evacuation facility is A tsunami shelter configured to float on a surface is disclosed.

  The tsunami shelter with such a structure is intended to assure the safety of human beings in the sea surface by raising the shelter on the sea surface when the tsunami strikes. Due to the fluctuations, as if a balloon floating in turbulent airflow, it shakes violently up and down, left and right, and in some cases there is a danger that the shelter will turn over. In addition to being in danger of being damaged due to collisions with equipment, etc., if the member to hold the shelter, such as a guardrail or a metal chain, is cut or destroyed, the shelter As such, it will drift due to the tsunami, so it is expected that further danger will occur, so the safety is not perfect. No.

  Also, in the float type shelter equipment for evacuation, when an unforeseen tsunami hits, the external force applied to the equipment is enormous, so the support structure parts such as support columns and guard rails are extremely large. Since an external force will be applied, if it is destroyed, the equipment will sink in the water, and there will be a danger that the equipment itself will be destroyed if an object such as debris collides. Yes.

Furthermore, even with a guardrail embedded in the ground, the power of tsunami is tremendous, so there is a risk that even the guardrail will be destroyed and deformed.
Therefore, it is clear that the above-described known tsunami shelter has many safety problems.
No matter how strong the structure formed on the ground surface is against the tsunami attack, its safety is not completely guaranteed and its safety is overestimated. If you try to build a tough structure, the cost of the construction will be enormous, and at least as a tsunami shelter that is aimed at use in small-scale housing mainly composed of individuals, there is no feasible structure However, the situation is that it is not a thing that can be easily attached to a small house or a small public facility.

On the other hand, it is desirable to construct a tsunami shelter below the ground surface as a method to counter the huge tsunami destructive force, that is, the tsunami destructive force does not reach the area below the ground surface at all. There is a fact that.
Furthermore, even in the event of an earthquake, the structure in the ground is considered safe because it does not generate a resonance effect due to vibration caused by the earthquake.
For this reason, the idea of building an emergency evacuation shelter in the basement to protect humans from the dangers of earthquakes, tornadoes and the like has been known for some time.
For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-261200 (Patent Document 4), all of the inner wall surface including the bottom of the depression hole portion has a considerable thickness in the depression hole portion of an appropriate size formed on the ground. A structure of a metal basement constructed by inserting and arranging a metal box formed in a ramen structure in the recessed hole portion further solidified with concrete having the concrete is disclosed. On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-297898 (Patent Document 5) discloses an inner box part formed three-dimensionally with high-strength reinforced concrete and an outer box part covering the entire circumference of the inner box part. The structure of an underground shelter in which a double box structure consisting of

However, each of these underground shelters has not only increased material costs, but also requires complicated and sophisticated work to install them. Since the increase is expected, the structure is completely unsuitable as a shelter for evacuation that is inexpensive, simple, and also provided in a small-scale house that requires low cost.
Furthermore, in JP2003-20663 (Patent Document 6), a cylindrical metal body such as a drum can is inserted into a hole formed in the ground, and concrete is embedded in a gap between the drum can and soil, and Although an emergency evacuation shelter is described that is configured to be openable and closable at its upper end opening, and has a waterproof lid, in such a shelter, the drum can of the shelter is thin, Rust is generated during a long installation period, the strength and durability of the shelter is poor, and the outer periphery of the drum can must be reinforced with concrete for external reinforcement. Due to soaring construction costs and rising management costs due to long-term use, soaring costs as a whole is an unavoidable problem.

JP 2011-106142 A, JP 2007-277998 A, JP 2008-74385 A, JP 2008-261200 A, JP 2007-297898 A, JP 2003-20663 A,

  Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and to have a simple structure but high strength, and can resist vibration from the outside, but it has long-term durability. A low-priced, underground underground emergency evacuation shelter that can be applied to small-scale residential or small-scale public facilities, and has a function that allows the user to grasp the external situation from the inside. Is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention basically employs the following technical configuration.
That is, the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention basically covers the entire surface of the first main body portion formed in a suitable hollow shape body with the hard material body and the outer surface of the first main body portion. Similarly, it is comprised from the 2nd main-body part formed in the appropriate hollow shape body by the hard material body, and the space | interval between the said 1st and 2nd main-body parts is the said surface. The first main body is disposed and fixed inside the second main body so that a predetermined gap is held by an appropriate spacer portion inserted between the first main body and the first and second main bodies. The gap portion in between forms an enclosed space portion communicating with each other, and the inside of the enclosed space portion is filled with a liquid portion, and is an emergency evacuation shelter.
And as said emergency evacuation shelter which concerns on this invention, as one of the preferable specific examples, the 1st box part formed in the hexahedron cube shape by the rigid plate-shaped body, and the said 1st box part It is comprised from the 2nd box part formed in the hexahedron cube shape by the hard plate-like body so that the whole outer surface may be coat | covered, The said 1st and 2nd box part is mutually The first box body portion is arranged and fixed inside the second box body portion so that a predetermined gap is held by an appropriate spacer portion inserted between the surfaces facing each other. And the gap between the first and second box portions forms a sealed space that communicates with each other, and the sealed space is filled with a liquid portion. It is an emergency evacuation shelter.

  The emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention basically reduces the weight of the basic constituent material as a result of adopting the above-described technical configuration, and the emergency evacuation shelter itself has a double structure. By filling an appropriate liquid part in the internal space part of the structural part, the member constituting the emergency evacuation shelter body part uses a thin plate-like hard plate member, It is possible to construct a high-strength box body that is extremely robust against vibrations, etc., and that the emergency evacuation shelter is simply fitted into a recess formed in the ground, and the surroundings are made using concrete as in the past. The work can be completed simply by backfilling the soil that was generated when the concave part was formed without reinforcing and fixing, so material costs and construction costs can be reduced, but the structure itself is simple. Is there Moreover, since the emergency evacuation shelter itself can be formed in advance in a factory or the like, the enforcement period for enforcing the emergency evacuation shelter in the present invention can also be shortened. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the construction cost required for the enforcement of the conventional emergency evacuation shelter.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the external shape of an emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in a specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a shape in a specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific example of the configuration of the hatch portion in a specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a specific example of a method for manufacturing an emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter embedding method according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific example when the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention is embedded in an inclined land. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration in a specific example of a ladder used in the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, the configuration of a specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
However, as described above, the present invention can be applied to sudden natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes, landslides, debris flows, floods, etc. The present invention relates to an emergency evacuation shelter that can safely and safely protect one's body and life from a large-scale fire caused by actions.
In the following, for example, a tsunami shelter corresponding to a tsunami will be described as an example. However, the shelter is not limited to other disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes, landslides, debris flows, floods, or other natural disasters, It goes without saying that it is also effective against disasters such as misfires, explosions, lightning strikes, and destruction by terrorist groups in forest areas.
For example, if there is no evacuation facility nearby to protect life from a tsunami, there is no choice but to escape to higher ground.
During the Great East Japan Earthquake, there was no need to lose precious lives if there were evacuation facilities nearby.
In the future, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism announced tsunami damage predictions such as the Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes, but no fundamental measures have been shown.

On the other hand, various evacuation facilities have been proposed so far, but they are both short and long, unrealistic. However, one and a half years after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the reconstruction has not progressed at all. The main reason is that the anxiety about the tsunami has not been relieved to rebuild the house.
In other words, for tsunami, measures such as relocation to high ground, embankment of land, construction of a seawall, etc. have been proposed, but none of these measures can be expected to be cost-effective. Similarly, the lack of a safe and secure environment has hindered recovery from disasters.
By the way, considering the situation of the tsunami-damaged house, the house is washed away, but the foundation of the house and the underfloor soil concrete are not washed away, and the foundation part of the house remains completely, If there is a tsunami shelter in the basement of the building, even if the house is washed away, it is good if the tsunami shelter is not washed away.
Therefore, if you evacuate to a tsunami shelter that is independent of the building, you can protect your life. If you can build a safe, secure, and inexpensive tsunami shelter, the reconstruction will proceed.

In conventional shelters, if a tsunami that exceeds the expected level is reached, it will be washed away with other debris, and if the evacuation site is involved in the tsunami, people's mental anxiety would be immeasurable. A safe tsunami shelter fixed in the ground will be required.
However, if the emergency evacuation shelter is expensive, has a long construction period, and is not durable, the emergency evacuation shelter will be used for ordinary individuals and small public facilities from the financial aspect. Even if there is a need for it, it is often not possible to introduce it, which is a major obstacle to the reconstruction of houses in disaster-affected areas.
Therefore, there is a need for an emergency evacuation shelter that can evacuate from various disasters, including inexpensive tsunami shelters.
That is, as the emergency evacuation shelter for tsunami countermeasures, the tsunami is generally estimated to be within one hour from when the seawater hits until it is completely pulled. At the same time, the evacuation shelters are set at a low price, with the assumption that facilities and configurations that can sustain the lives of each person will be secured for at least one hour. Easy construction, simple construction that can be completed in a short period of time, has a structure with high durability and reinforcement effect, and is waterproof so that evacuation can be carried out smoothly. It is a place that is desired to be done.

On the other hand, for disasters other than tsunamis, such as earthquakes, fires, tornadoes, etc., if there is about 1 hour from the occurrence of those disasters, the disaster will be calmed down, so the same function as above Needless to say, the shelter having the above can be used as an emergency evacuation shelter for evacuation against disasters other than tsunami.
That is, FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining an example of the basic configuration of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention. In FIG. 1 main body portion 2 and second main body portion 3 formed in a suitable hollow shape body with a hard material body so as to cover the entire outer surface of the first main body portion 2, The first and second main body portions 2 and 3 are arranged such that a predetermined gap is maintained between the mutually facing surfaces by an appropriate spacer portion 5 inserted between the surfaces. The portion 2 is disposed and fixed inside the second main body portion 3, and the gap portion 7 between the first and second main body portions 2 and 3 forms a sealed space portion 7 communicating with each other. The emergency evacuation shell is characterized in that the sealed space portion 7 is filled with a liquid portion 8. -1 is shown, and as a more preferable aspect, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 includes the sealed space portion 7 in the gap portion 7 between the first and second main body portions 2 and 3. The surface of the part of the first body part 2 that faces the part of the surface part of the second body part 3 and the part of the surface part of the second body part 3 without destroying An emergency evacuation shelter 1 is shown that is provided with an opening 28 that communicates with the part.
Further, as a preferred specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, a first plate formed in a hexahedral cube shape by a rigid plate-like body. The box part 2 and the second box part 3 formed in a hexahedral shape by a hard plate so as to cover the entire outer surface of the first box part 2. The first and second box parts 2 and 3 have a predetermined gap 6 between each face 4 facing each other by an appropriate spacer part 5 inserted between the faces 4. In this way, the first box part 2 is arranged and fixed inside the second box part 3, and the gap 6 between the first and second box parts 2 and 3 is The sealed space portion 7 that is in communication with each other is formed, and the sealed space portion 7 is filled with an appropriate liquid portion 8 inside the sealed space portion 7. Luther 1 is shown.

Further, in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 itself is configured to be embedded in a recessed portion 10 formed in the underground 9 in advance. For shelters.
That is, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is basically composed of a main body portion configured by double arrangement of a three-dimensional hollow structure having an appropriate size and an appropriate shape. The shape is not particularly limited, but any shape such as a spherical shape, a conical shape, a rugby ball shape, a cylindrical shape, a rectangular cube shape, a polyhedral sphere shape, or a polygonal pyramid shape is used. Although it is possible, a preferable form is a hexahedral cube formed in an appropriate size.
And the basic composition is the said 1st box part 2 formed in the hexahedron cube shape formed in the appropriate | suitable magnitude | size, and the said outer surface of the said 1st box part 2 surrounding the whole formation Forming a double structure consisting of the second box part 3, the shape, dimensions, etc. of each box part consisting of the hexahedral shape is not particularly limited, It is possible to set the dimensions appropriately by hand.
In particular, the internal space of the first box part 2 has a height such that a predetermined space is formed in a state where at least a plurality of personnel stand up, and the plurality of personnel are in a temporary period, For example, it is possible to determine the vertical and horizontal lengths of the box portion so that it has a plane area that allows a safe and comfortable living space to be formed for one hour. is there.
The first and second box portions 2 and 3 may be similar to each other, but may have shapes that are not similar to each other.

On the other hand, the rigid plate-like body 11 constituting each of the box portions 2 and 3 in the present invention is not specified, but is light, strong, and easily by vibration or impact. It is desirable to use a material that is not destroyed, for example, a thin metal plate that has been rust-proofed, or a thin plate that is formed of an appropriate synthetic resin, such as a functional plastic. It is also possible to use a strong synthetic resin material or a thin plate-like body made of the synthetic resin containing high-strength fibers such as carbon fibers or aramid synthetic fibers.
The thickness of the rigid plate-like body 11 in the present invention is preferably, for example, 10 mm to 20 mm, although it depends on the size of the box portions 2, 3 and the like.

Next, in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention, when the first box part 2 is inserted into the second box part 3, the first and second An appropriate spacer portion 5 is connected to the outer surface 12 of the first box portion 2 and the second box portion 3 so that a predetermined space portion 6 is formed between the box portions 2 and 3. At the same time as the first box part 2 is arranged in a floating state inside the second box part 3. The gap 6 between the outer surface 12 of the first box part 2 and the inner surface 13 of the second box part 3 is disposed on the entire peripheral surface of the first box part 2. A sealed space portion 7 is formed which is formed to communicate with each other.
By adopting such a configuration, the entire outer peripheral surface of the first box body 2 is completely covered with the second box body 3 in a sealed state.
There are no particular limitations on the shape and constituent materials of the spacer portion 5 used in the present invention. For example, the spacer portion 5 has water resistance and durability, and has good bondability with the box portions. It is desirable to use a certain material, for example, a well-known anti-vibration rubber material or the like made of natural rubber or synthetic resin rubber having an anti-vibration effect is desirable.

Further, the arrangement pattern of the spacer portion 5 in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and corresponds to each of the first and second box portions 2 and 3. It is desirable to determine an appropriate arrangement pattern according to the size or shape of the surface to be processed.
Furthermore, in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention, the sealed space portion 7 is filled with an appropriate liquid portion 8, and the type of the liquid portion 8 is the same. Is not particularly limited and may be ordinary water, or a fluid having an appropriate viscosity, an oily liquid, particularly an oily liquid material having a specific gravity lighter than water, and an appropriate liquid. Water containing a preservative or an antifreezing agent may be used.

In the present invention, the liquid portion 8 is injected into the sealed space portion 7 from an appropriate liquid portion inlet portion 14 provided in a part of the second box portion 3, for example. Injecting is performed so that the sealed space portion 7 is completely filled with the liquid portion 8.
If necessary, if it is necessary to discharge the liquid portion 8 filled in the sealed space portion 7, an appropriate liquid suction means (not shown) is provided via the liquid portion inlet 14. ) Can be discharged.
In the present invention, by adopting such a configuration, if an impact is applied to a part of the outer surface of the second box 3, the pressurizing pressure is set in the sealed state. Since the liquid portion 8 filled in the space portion 7 is uniformly dispersed and applied to all the other inner surface portions 13 of the second box portion 3, the impact is applied. The outer surface of the second box part 3 is prevented from being destroyed.
That is, as a result of adopting the above configuration, the first main body 2 and the second main body 3 or the first and second box 2 using the appropriate rigid plate 11 having a small thickness. In the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention having a structure in which the two are arranged in a double manner, the constituent material is a thin plate 11 having a small thickness. Because it is possible to exhibit a high degree of strength or toughness against large vibrations and shocks, the weight as a raw material is greatly reduced, so that the cost of constituting raw materials can be greatly reduced. Is possible.

  When the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is buried in the ground, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the first surface portion 15 of the second box 3, that is, the second The emergency evacuation shelter 1 has a predetermined size and a predetermined size formed in advance on the predetermined soil surface so that the corresponding outer surface portion of the upper surface of the box body portion 3 is substantially horizontal with the horizontal ground surface GL. It may be arranged so as to be buried in the recessed portion 10 having a depth, or when the predetermined soil surface is inclined at an appropriate angle, for example, as shown in FIG. In addition, the ground surface GL (that is, a horizontal line) at a portion P where a part of the first surface portion 15 of the second box portion 3 intersects the inclined surface of the land is substantially horizontal. You may be comprised so that it may be embed | buried in a recessed part.

  Furthermore, when the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is arranged and set inside the recessed portion 10, the second box body portion 3 has the second shelter 3 as illustrated in FIG. At least a part of the second surface portion 16 of the second box portion 3 (that is, the outer surface corresponding to the bottom surface of the second box portion 3) facing the surface portion 15 of the first portion is the concave portion. It is desirable that the anchor member 18 disposed in advance on the bottom surface portion 17 in the portion 10 is engaged and fixed via an appropriate joining member, for example, a bolt or the like (not shown).

  When the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is embedded in the recess 10, the anchor member 18 is formed with an appropriate thickness over the entire bottom surface 18 of the recess 10. It is preferable to embed and fix an appropriate number of the concrete layers 19 in the concrete layer 19 containing the base reinforcing bars at appropriate intervals in advance, but the concrete layer 19 is fixed to a predetermined portion of the bottom surface portion 18 of the recessed portion 10. It is also possible to use a structure in which the anchor member 18 is embedded and fixed to the concrete layer 19 containing the island-shaped base reinforcing bars in a dotted manner.

In the present invention, when the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is coupled and fixed with an anchor member 18 arranged in advance on the bottom surface portion 17 in the recessed portion 10 with an appropriate joining member, the recessed portion 10 particularly In an area that is sandy, there is a high risk that the sandy land itself may be removed at a depth of several meters due to the destructive force of the tsunami. At that time, the anchor member 18 and the emergency evacuation shelter 1 are joined and fixed. If all the joining members have a tough structure, the tsunami may collide with the emergency evacuation shelter 1 exposed from the ground and completely destroy the emergency evacuation shelter 1.
Therefore, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 can be destroyed by tsunami force by deliberately weakening a part of the joint portion with the anchor portion from the strength of other joint portions. It is also desirable that the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is suspended in the tsunami by detaching it from the anchor portion so as to avoid the destruction of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 itself.

On the other hand, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is carried out when the recess 10 is formed after the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is fixedly arranged in the recess 10 as shown in FIG. A part of the soil 20 is a gap between the inner wall surface 21 of the recessed portion 10 and a part of the outer surface portion 23 forming the vertical wall surface 22 of the second box portion 3 of the emergency evacuation shelter 1. Returning to 24, the embedding operation of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is completed.
In other words, in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention, the first surface portion 15 of the second box portion 3 or the second surface portion 16 is formed orthogonally. All the surface portions 23, that is, the four vertical surface portions 22 are configured to directly abut against the soil portion 20.

  In the present invention, the outer surface portion 25 forming the bottom surface portion 16 in the second box portion 3 of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is the surface of the concrete portion 19 formed continuously. Or may be in contact with the concrete 19 that is intermittently scattered on the surface of the bottom surface portion 17 of the recess 10, or It may be a case where the concrete 19 scattered and the soil surface arranged between them are alternately in contact.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 has a base in which the first surface portion 15 of the second box portion 3 is formed with an appropriate thickness in the final stage. It is a desirable example that it is configured to be covered with a concrete layer 26 containing reinforcing bars.
In such a configuration, the upper outer surface 27 of the concrete layer 26 including the base rebar is set to be slightly higher than the ground surface GL of the recessed portion 10 in which the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is embedded. It is also a preferable specific example.

  As described above, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is basically composed of only the thin hard plate 11 having a small thickness, and is reinforced with steel frames, concrete, etc. as seen in conventional shelters. Since no components are used, it is possible to provide an ideal emergency evacuation shelter 1 that is lightweight and can significantly reduce material costs, and that has a short construction period and is excellent in durability and impact resistance. It is.

  The basic feature of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is that, as described above, the first box for a person who has escaped from a disaster to maintain an individual life for a predetermined period of time. Since the body part 2 is held in a state in which the phlegm also floats in the liquid 8 injected into the second box body part 3, the body part 2 has a structure that is not easily affected by external force, so the first part There is an effect that people who evacuate inside the box part 2 do not feel shaking.

Next, if another specific example of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is described, as shown in FIG. 3, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to another specific example of the present invention is In addition to having the same structure as the specific example described above, the following configuration is further adopted.
That is, the first surface portion 15 of the second box portion 3 in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention has a gap between the first and second box portions 2 and 3. Without destroying the sealed space portion 7 formed in the gap portion 6, the first surface portion 15 of the second box portion 3 and the first surface portion of the second box portion 3. A configuration is adopted in which an opening 28 is provided to communicate with the first surface portion 27 of the first box portion 2 facing the surface portion 15.
Such a structure is a configuration that is commonly applied to the emergency evacuation shelter 1 having any configuration shown in FIG.

That is, as is apparent from FIG. 3, in the specific example of the present invention, the upper surface of the first box portion 2 arranged opposite to each other with an appropriate gap 6 interposed therebetween. The opening portions 31 and 30 having the same or substantially the same planar shape (for example, circular shape) are individually matched with each other on the portion 16 and the upper surface portion 15 of the second box portion 3. Cut in such a manner that the gap between the peripheral portions 33 and 33 ′ of the openings 31 and 30 has a planar shape that matches the planar shape of the openings 31 and 30, and each box. An annular belt-shaped auxiliary wall member 32 made of the same rigid plate-like body as the rigid plate-like bodies constituting the body parts 2 and 3 is brought into contact, and according to such a configuration, as described above, the first The sealed space portion 7 formed between the first and second box portions 2 and 3 is sealed. One in which was constructed as to maintain the state.

Needless to say, the annular belt-like auxiliary wall member 32 according to the present invention can use an appropriate joining means, for example, a well-known joining technique such as an adhesion process, a welding process, and a fusion process.
Further, in the above-described specific example of the present invention, the opening 2 is placed in the opening 28 from the inside of the first box body 2 and the outside of the second box body 3. It is also a preferable specific example that a lid 29 configured to be opened and closed manually or through an appropriate opening / closing means is provided. Further, at least a part of the lid 29 is appropriately transparent. It is desirable that the member is a member formed with a predetermined thickness having a moderate strength, for example, a member formed of a transparent acrylic synthetic resin plate.

Furthermore, it is desirable that the lid portion 29 is formed in a generally rounded shape, for example, a hemispherical shape. By adopting such a configuration, for example, an object that has been swept away by a tsunami Even in the case of a collision with the lid part 29, the collision force is alleviated and the destruction and damage of the lid part 29 are effectively prevented.
On the other hand, it is preferable that the joint portion between the lid portion 29 and the opening portion 28 is made of a member having a complete waterproof function, or adopts a structure that can sufficiently exhibit waterproofness.

  In the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to any specific example of the present invention described above, the liquid part 8 is sealed in a part of the second box part 3 as described above. It is desirable that a liquid processing opening 14 for injecting or discharging from the inside of the sealed space 7 is provided inside the space 7, and the liquid processing opening 14 is provided in the second box 3. When an appropriate concrete layer 26 is disposed on the upper outer surface 15 of the liquid, it is desirable to dispose the liquid processing opening 14 so as not to be embedded in the concrete layer 26.

Next, an example of the configuration of the lid body 29 in the second specific example will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
That is, a bracket portion 40 having an appropriate configuration is fixedly provided on a part of the inner wall surface of the opening 28 provided in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 in the present invention, and a part of the bracket portion 40 is First, the other end portion 43 of the arm portion 41 is connected to the other end portion 43 via an appropriate slewing bearing portion 44 in which an annular frame body portion 42 having a size covering the opening portion is connected to one end portion thereof. .
The annular frame body portion 42 is provided with a dome-shaped lid portion 45 formed of a suitable transparent or non-transparent thin plate-like metal or synthetic resin material.
The annular frame body portion 42 is configured to be able to turn or move in the outward direction manually by an operator with a gripping member 59 provided in a part of the dome-shaped lid portion 45 by hand. Thus, the opening 28 is configured to be openable and closable, allowing the user to enter and exit, and being configured to achieve a complete waterproofing effect with the inner wall surface of the opening 28. Needless to say.
In the case where the dome-shaped lid 45 is made of an opaque material, at least one, preferably a plurality of peep glasses at a part of the annular frame 42 at the peripheral edge of the dome-shaped lid 45. And a periscope unit 46 are preferably provided.

On the other hand, an antenna portion 47 having an appropriate shape and having a function of connecting to a communication line with a TV, a telephone, and the Internet, having an appropriate shape, is arranged on a part of the dome-shaped lid portion 45. It is also desirable to keep it.
On the other hand, inside the emergency evacuation shelter 1, another part of the bracket portion 40 is covered with the opening 28 at one end and joined to the annular frame 42. The other end portion 54 of the arm portion 48 is connected to the second end portion 54 to which the opening tightening portion 49 is connected via an appropriate swing bearing portion 55.
The opening tightening portion 49 may have a size that covers the entire opening 28 from the inside, or a size that covers a part of the opening. Although it is good, it is necessary to have a length equal to or longer than the diameter of the opening 28.

  The opening tightening portion 49 has an appropriate length, a handle portion 50 is provided at one end, and a screw portion 52 is formed at least near the tip of the other end. When the opening tightening operation rod portion 56 is pivotally attached and the opening tightening portion 49 closes the opening 28, the rotary type provided in the opening tightening portion 49 is used. The distal end portion of the opening tightening operation rod portion 56 is inserted into a screw hole portion 53 formed at a substantially central portion of the fixing beam portion 51 arranged in the diameter direction at the lower end portion of the annular frame body portion 42. The rotary opening tightening operation rod portion 56 is fitted and rotated from the inside of the first main body to complete the tightening and closing operation of the lid portion 29 of the opening 28.

On the other hand, when the opening 28 is opened, when the opening 28 is opened, or when the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is in a standby state, the opening tightening portion 49 is Secondly, the arm portion 48 is swung downward around the swivel bearing portion 55 and arranged in a state of hanging in a substantially vertical direction.
In the present invention, the water injection mechanism is activated in the space between the concrete layer 26 and the dome-shaped lid 45 by using an appropriate sensor function in the event of a disaster. It is also a preferable specific example that the water is stored.

Next, a specific example of the manufacturing method and construction method of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
That is, the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is basically manufactured in advance at a factory, and is carried into the construction site of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 in advance. It will be inserted and fixed in the recessed portion 10 formed at the site of the 1 installation.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the first box body portion having an appropriate dimension and having a hollow hexahedral shape only by the rigid plate-like body 11 having the appropriate thickness. 2 is manufactured.

The six outer surfaces (including the bottom surface part) of the first box part 2 are formed in an appropriate shape and at the same height, and a plurality of spacer parts 5 are bonded to each other based on an appropriate pattern. In addition to the arrangement, the outer surface portion 16 corresponding to the upper surface of the first box body portion 2 is provided with an opening 31 having an appropriate size at a site where the lid body portion 29 is to be disposed, and A belt-like auxiliary wall portion 32 having an appropriate height, preferably substantially the same height as the spacer portion 5 and hardened by the rigid plate-like body 11 is annularly bonded and fixed to the entire peripheral edge portion of the opening portion 31. To do.

On the other hand, the second box body of the second box portion 3 having a hollow hexahedral shape only by the rigid plate body 11 having an appropriate dimension and the appropriate thickness. A hollow hexahedral cube shape excluding the outer surface portion 15 corresponding to the upper surface of the portion 3 is manufactured.
Thereafter, the first box part 2 is connected to the second box part 3 through an open area formed by removing the outer surface part 15 corresponding to the upper surface of the second box part 3. A plurality of the spacer portions 5 formed on the outer surfaces of the first box portion 2 and the inner wall surface of the second box portion 3 are appropriately bonded, for example, bonded. Join and fix with an agent.

Thereafter, the outer surface portion 15 corresponding to the upper surface of the second box body portion 3 formed separately is provided on the outer surface portion 16 corresponding to the upper surface of the first box body portion 2. The outer surface portion 15 provided with the opening portion 30 having the same shape as the opening portion 31 in the portion corresponding to the opening portion 31 is fitted into the upper surface open region of the second box body portion 3, and individual bonding surfaces are appropriately set. The first and second box parts are joined by using a known means such as an adhesive, for example, an adhesive, a fusion technique, a welding technique, or a mechanical joining technique. A sealed space 7 is formed between 2 and 3.
In addition, it is desirable to provide the joining auxiliary member 140 for fitting to the anchor bolt mentioned later in the lower end part of the said 2nd box part 3. As shown in FIG.
At that time, a liquid injection port for injecting the liquid injected into the sealed space portion 7 into a part of the outer surface of the second box body portion 3 and pouring out the liquid. 14 is provided.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, the concave portion 10 formed in a portion for installing the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is previously submerged with water and stabilized on the inner peripheral soil surface. The emergency evacuation shelter 1 manufactured in the factory or the like is inserted into 10, and the anchor bolt 18 provided on the bottom surface in the recessed portion 10 is joined and fixed via the joining auxiliary member 140.
Thereafter, an appropriate liquid is injected into the sealed space portion 7 from the liquid inlet 14 provided in the emergency evacuation shelter 1, and after the filling process is completely completed, the concave portion 10 is formed. A part of the soil 20 excavated at the time of returning is returned to the gap 24 formed between the inner wall surface of the recessed portion 10 and the outer surface portion of the emergency evacuation shelter 1, and the emergency evacuation shelter 1 The construction process is completed.

Since the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, in a newly built house, it is possible to embed it in a predesigned region before the peripheral members are completed. However, in the case of a house that has already been constructed, it is possible to bury the emergency evacuation shelter 1 in the underground part of the lower part of the staircase in the house or in the underground part such as the eaves. It is also possible to partially dismantle a house that has already been constructed and bury the emergency evacuation shelter 1 in the underground part.
Since the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, the cost is low, the workability is excellent, the safety is highly maintained, the waterproof property is highly durable, and at least the disaster For 24 hours from the time of occurrence, the living environment of a human evacuated in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 can be comfortably maintained.

Next, a specific example of the configuration of the internal space of the first box part 2 of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention will be described.
That is, the internal space of the first box part 2 of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 is fully equipped with various facilities so that the evacuated person can live comfortably for at least 24 hours. There is a need.
More specifically, since the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention is under the floor of the house or under the eaves, when the tsunami or other disaster occurs, the sick person, the elderly, the woman, the child, etc. The emergency evacuation shelter 1 can be evacuated in a short time and safely. Further, since the shelter 1 for emergency evacuation is formed of a rigid plate-like body 11 made of a synthetic resin material or the like, it has excellent waterproofness and adopts a double structure. Because it is strong against external forces, it will be an emergency evacuation shelter that can withstand the tsunami return by providing necessary facilities to maintain the lives of the refugees for at least 24 hours.

  Furthermore, when the human sensor 141 is provided in the internal space of the first box part 2 of the emergency evacuation shelter 1 and the hatch (lid body) 29 is opened, the human sensor 141 is evacuated. It is configured to sense that the person has entered the room and to turn on the lighting means 142 provided in the internal space portion of the first box body portion 2, for example, composed of LEDs, etc. In the hatch 29, a ladder 143 having an appropriate structure is detachably provided, and an evacuee who has evacuated from the hatch 29 via the ladder 143 into the emergency evacuation shelter 1 holds the hatch 29. It is also a desirable specific example that when the closing operation is completed, an appropriate sensor is activated to operate the oxygen supply device 147 provided in the internal space of the first box 2.

  Further, in the internal space portion of the first box portion 2 in the present invention, there are food items such as emergency food and drinking water 144, a simple toilet 145 with a coagulant, a battery 146, an oxygen cylinder or an oxygen generator. 147, and further, it is desirable to have appropriate storage shelves 149, circulators 151, etc., and their quantity, capacity, etc. are the maximum number of evacuees that the emergency evacuation shelter 1 can accommodate. It is necessary to decide arbitrarily together.

  Further, the ladder part 143 used in the internal space of the first box part 2 in the present invention is preferably made of a lightweight material and excellent in mobility and mobility. As shown in FIG. 8, the ladder part 143 is removed from the hatch part 29, and when it is laid down, the stepping part of the ladder part 143 turns to form a single plane. The portion 143 can be used as a simple chair, bed, or stool.

  That is, the ladder portion 143 used in the present invention is basically constructed of a lightweight metal material or synthetic resin material as shown in FIG. However, as one of its features, a plurality of steppings 83 are attached at an appropriate interval between the two long legs 81 and 82. One end of which is the inner surface of the first main body portion or the first box body portion 2 and the inner surface of the ceiling portion near the opening portion 2 or the vicinity of the opening portion 28. It is configured to be able to detachably engage with a part of the wall surface through an appropriate engagement member 84, and the other end of the ladder portion 143 has the first main body portion or the first An anti-slip member 85 having an appropriate anti-slip effect on the floor surface of the box portion 2 of 1 Those having attached structure.

The end portion of the ladder portion 143 that engages with the engaging member 84 is not particularly provided with a mechanism for bending a part thereof, and the end portion is removed when the ladder portion 143 is removed from the wall. 1 is engaged with an appropriate shelf provided inside the main body 1 or the first box 2, and the vicinity of the end of the ladder 143 to which the anti-slip member 58 is attached is bent. When the ladder part 143 is removed from the wall, the end part is bent at a right angle and used as a leg part of the chair.
By using the ladder part 143 having such a structure, it is possible to effectively set a chair or a separate room in a narrow room by effectively using the shelf part.

  Further, in the ladder portion 143 according to the present invention, the leg step 83 is not used as a thin plate shape or a rod shape as used in an ordinary ladder, and the leg portions 81 and 82 are not used. A plate-shaped member 88 having a width 86 slightly shorter than the interval between the leg portions 81 and 82 and having a length 87 in a direction perpendicular to the width 86 is used. A plurality of sheets are arranged adjacent to each other so as to partially overlap each other, and a part of both end edges 89 in the longitudinal direction 87 of the plate-like member 88 is connected to the leg 81 via an appropriate turning means 90. , 82 so as to be pivotable.

  On the other hand, the leg portions 81 and 82 are provided with appropriate stopper means 91 so that the plate-like member 88 cannot be turned at an appropriate portion or more at an appropriate portion, whereby the plate-like member 88 is provided. When the ladder part 143 is used as a chair or a bed, the plate-like member 88 forms a flat part between the leg parts 81 and 82 while constituting a part partially overlapping each other. On the other hand, when the ladder portion 143 is stood up as a ladder, the respective plate-like members 88 are fixedly arranged at an angular position where they turn and abut against the stopper means 91, and stepped step portions are arranged. Will be formed.

Furthermore, by arranging an appropriate antenna 155 around the hatch 29 in the emergency evacuation shelter 1, the television 148 can function in the emergency evacuation shelter 1, and the external damage situation It is also possible to check the emergency shelter for emergency evacuation via an internet connection system using a wireless line, for example, a system such as Wi-Fi. In 1, it is also possible to execute personal computer communication.
It is also a desirable example that a plurality of round glass windows 46 having an appropriate size made of tempered glass are arranged in the hatch 29.
In addition, the first main body 2 or the inner wall surface of the box body 2 in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 has an appropriate thickness composed of a material having an appropriate heat insulating effect. It is also possible to attach the heat insulating material 150 so as to facilitate the temperature adjustment in the internal space of the first box part 2, and further use an appropriate air conditioner (not shown). It is also possible to do.

  Furthermore, in order to further improve the safety of the first main body 2 or the first box 2 used in the emergency evacuation shelter 1 according to the present invention and to improve the strength thereof, for example, As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of beam members 60 having an appropriate cross-sectional shape are provided on at least a part of the outer surface or the inner wall surface of the first main body 2 or the first box 2. It is also a preferable specific example that they are joined and arranged in a grid pattern at appropriate intervals. In particular, when the heat insulating material 150 is applied to the entire inner wall surface of the internal space of the first main body 2 or the box body 2 in the emergency evacuation shelter 1, the inner surface of the heat insulating material 150. By arranging in the position, the reinforcing effect can be achieved without making the user aware of the beam member 60.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Emergency shelter 2 ... 1st box part, 1st main-body part 3 ... 2nd box-body part, 2nd main-body part 4 ... Inter-surface part 5 ... Spacer part 6 ... Gap 7 ... Sealing shape Space part 8 ... Liquid part 9 ... Underground 10 ... Recessed part 11 ... Rigid plate-like body 12 ... Outer surface part of the first box part 13 ... Inner surface part of the second box part 14 ... Liquid part inlet DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... 1st surface part of 2nd box part 16 ... 2nd surface part of 2nd box part 17 ... Bottom face part 18 ... Anchor member 19 ... Concrete layer 20 ... Soil part 21 ... Inside of recessed part Wall surface 22 ... Vertical wall surface portion of second box portion 23 ... Outer surface portion 24 ... Gap portion 25 ... Bottom surface portion 26 ... Concrete layer 27 ... Upper outer surface 28 ... Opening portion 29 ... Cover body portion 30 ... Opening portion 31 ... Opening 32 ... Band-shaped auxiliary wall member 33, 33 '... Peripheral part 34 ... Gap part 35 ... Bottom part 40 ... Bracket part 42 ... Annular Frame part 41 ... First arm part 43 ... The other end 44 ... Slewing bearing part
45 ... Dome-shaped lid 46 ... Peeping glasses part, periscope part 47 ... Antenna part 49 ... Opening fastening part 48 ... Second arm part 50 ... Handle part 51 ... Beam part 52 for fixing 52 ... Screw part 53 ... Screw hole 55 ... slewing bearing 56 ... rotary opening tightening operation rod 59 ... gripping member 60 ... reinforcing beam 81, 82 ... leg 83 ... leg step 84 ... engaging member 85 ... anti-slip member 88 ... Plate-like member 86 ... Width 87 ... Length in orthogonal direction 89 ... Both edges 90 ... Swivel means 91 ... Stopper means 140 ... Joint reinforcement part 141 ... Human sensor 142 ... Lighting means 143 ... Ladder part 144 ... Food And drinking water 145 ... simple toilet 146 ... battery 147 ... oxygen supply device 148 ... television 149 ... storage shelf 150 ... heat insulating material 151 ... circulator 155 ... antenna part

Claims (13)

  The first main body portion formed into an appropriate hollow shape body by the hard material body and the first outer surface formed from the hard material body into the appropriate hollow shape body so as to cover the entire outer surface of the first main body portion. The first and second main body portions hold a predetermined gap between the mutually opposing surfaces by an appropriate spacer portion inserted between the surfaces. Similarly, the first main body is disposed and fixed inside the second main body, and the gap between the first and second main bodies forms a sealed space that is in communication with each other. Furthermore, the emergency evacuation shelter is characterized in that the sealed space portion is filled with a liquid portion.   It is formed in a hexahedral cube shape by a rigid plate-like body so as to cover the entire outer surface of the first box portion formed in a hexahedral cube shape by the rigid plate-like body and the first box body portion. The first box portion and the second box portion are formed by an appropriate spacer portion inserted between the surfaces facing each other. The first box portion is disposed and fixed inside the second box portion so as to maintain a predetermined gap, and the gap portion between the first and second box portions is mutually connected. The emergency evacuation shelter is characterized in that a sealed space portion that communicates with a liquid portion is formed inside the sealed space portion.   The emergency evacuation shelter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shelter is configured to be embedded in a recessed portion formed in advance in the ground.   The first surface portion of the second box portion is configured to be embedded in the recessed portion so as to be substantially horizontal with the ground surface or a horizontal line on the ground surface. The shelter for emergency evacuation according to claim 2 or 3.   At least a part of the second surface portion of the second box portion that faces the first surface portion is engaged with an anchor member that is disposed in advance on the bottom surface of the recessed portion. The shelter for emergency evacuation according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein:   The first surface portion of the second box portion or all other surface portions formed orthogonal to the second surface portion are directly brought into contact with the soil portion. The shelter for emergency evacuation according to any one of claims 2 to 5.   A part of the surface portion of the second main body portion in the emergency evacuation shelter does not destroy the sealed space portion in the gap portion between the first and second main body portions. An opening communicating the partial surface portion of the second main body portion with the partial surface portion of the first main body portion facing the partial surface portion of the second main body portion; The emergency evacuation shelter according to claim 1, wherein the shelter is provided.   In the first surface portion of the second box portion in the emergency evacuation shelter, the sealed space portion in the gap portion between the first and second box portions is destroyed. Without doing so, the first surface portion of the second box body portion and the first surface portion of the first box body portion facing the first surface portion of the second box body portion; An emergency evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising an opening for communicating with the shelter.   8. The lid portion, which is configured to be able to open and close the opening portion from the inside of the first main body portion and from the outside of the second main body portion, is provided in the opening portion. Emergency evacuation shelter.   9. A lid body configured to be able to open and close the opening from the inside of the first box body and from the outside of the second box body is provided in the opening. Emergency shelter for evacuation.   The emergency evacuation shelter according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the lid portion is made of a transparent member.   A liquid processing opening for injecting or discharging the liquid part into the sealed space part is provided in a part of the second main body part or the second box part. The shelter for emergency evacuation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shelter is provided.   A beam member for further reinforcing the first body part or the first box part is provided on at least a part of the inner wall part or the outer wall part of the first body part or the first box part. The shelter for emergency evacuation according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the shelter is provided.