JP2014113213A - Fire protection method and device for waste treatment facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent firing of garbage caused with municipal waste and industrial waste in advance by detecting near infrared rays generated during the process of heat storage → oxidation acceleration → temperature rise in advance before firing.SOLUTION: While the periphery of a fire prevention object (garbage 4) in a waste treatment facility (over-sized garbage disposal facility, solid fuel processing from garbage facility, automobile shredder dust treatment facility, container package plastic treatment facility or the like) is shielded by shield means (case 10) so that infrared radiations cannot enter from the outside, near infrared rays which are produced before the fire prevention object (garbage 4) fires are detected with near infrared rays detection means (heat source detector 12). The wave length of the near infrared rays can be set within a range of 0.7-2.5 μm.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fire prevention method and apparatus for waste treatment facilities, and particularly suitable for use in bulky waste treatment facilities, waste solid fuel facilities, automobile shredder dust treatment facilities, container packaging plastic treatment facilities, and the like. The present invention relates to a fire prevention method and apparatus for a waste treatment facility capable of preventing in advance ignition of garbage and industrial waste (hereinafter collectively referred to as garbage).

  In general, in order to treat garbage by incineration, melting, gasification, etc., first, the garbage is crushed to a desired size in a crushing treatment facility and sorted into valuables, incombustibles, combustibles, and the like.

  At this time, in the garbage, flammable materials such as gas cylinders, spray cans, organic solvent containers, gasoline containers, kerosene containers, and lithium-based batteries that ignite when cut (hereinafter collectively referred to as dangerous goods) ) Are mixed, and these dangerous materials should be separated and removed at the waste collection stage. However, in reality, there are many dangerous materials in the waste disposal facility. Of dangerous materials.

  For this reason, in the waste treatment facility, the waste that has been carried in is sorted by visual inspection before being thrown into the crusher to remove dangerous substances. In addition, measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion accidents in case a dangerous material is thrown in due to an error.

  As described in Non-Patent Document 1, as a fire prevention measure in a waste disposal facility, a heat sensor (temperature sensor) composed of, for example, a consumable thermocouple for detecting a temperature rise due to ignition is used as a crusher outlet. As shown in FIG. 1, infrared rays (first wavelength for fire identification near a wavelength of 4.4 μm, second wavelength for non-fire report identification near a wavelength of 4.0 μm) and ultraviolet rays (as shown in FIG. Install a flame detector that detects the UV monitoring wavelength near the wavelength of 0.1 μm on the downstream crushed material conveyor where the crushed material is not directly hit in a position where it does not detect the crushed sparks that are constantly generated. Has been done. A fire detector based on detection of such temperature and flame can detect the occurrence of fire quickly and accurately if it is a fire in a narrow space such as the inside of a crusher.

  However, since the crushed waste is transported at a high speed of about 0.3 to 0.8 m / sec inside the transport device, the fire occurrence point passes immediately through the installation part of the fire detector. Therefore, a fire cannot be detected with a temperature-sensitive fire detector. Further, in this type of transport device, the transported material is transported in a piled state, so that the fire type is often buried, and under such a state, it becomes more difficult to detect the flame.

  Furthermore, since the inside of the transport device is in an atmosphere where there is always a large amount of dust generated by the crushing of garbage, the flame detection type fire detector may be delayed in detecting the occurrence of flames or smoke detection type. There are problems such as generating false alarms in fire detectors.

  In addition, conventional fire detectors based on sensing of temperature, flame, smoke, etc. generally have low detection sensitivity and cannot be detected unless the fire has progressed to a certain extent, and transported objects are transported at high speed. It is difficult to extinguish the fire in the event of a fire. As a result, there is a problem that damage inside the transfer device is likely to be serious, and it takes time to restore the transfer device after the fire is extinguished, and the crushing equipment cannot be re-operated within a short time.

  In order to solve such problems, Patent Document 1 proposes to provide a CO detector for detecting the CO concentration of the internal atmosphere in the casing of the crushed material transport apparatus.

JP 2011-240295 A

“Manual for Prevention of Fire and Explosion Accidents at Shredded Waste Disposal Facilities” on pages 128-129

  However, since the CO detector sucks the gas through the conduit and guides it to the sensor unit, it takes a long time to pass through the conduit, and in order to accurately measure the CO concentration, the CO detector contains dust contained in the sucked gas. Since it is necessary to perform removal and moisture removal in advance, a filter or activated carbon is required as a pretreatment device. In addition to the passage time through the conduit, time for passing through the pretreatment device is also necessary, and the CO concentration can be instantaneously increased. It cannot be measured. Therefore, there is a risk that the ignited garbage will be conveyed to the next process by the conveyor. Also, if the inside of the equipment is under negative pressure for reasons such as countermeasures for odors of garbage, the capacity of the induction fan is higher than the capacity of the pump installed in the CO detector, and the generated gas may not be sufficiently sucked. is there. Therefore, the proposal of Patent Document 1 is effective in the case where a large amount of CO gas is generated, but at that time, the fire has already spread and there is a problem that it is not a sufficient fire prevention measure. It was.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by detecting near infrared rays generated before the fire is ignited in a state where the surroundings of the fire prevention object in the waste treatment facility are shielded so that infrared rays do not enter from the outside. It is.

  The present invention also provides shielding means for shielding the periphery of a fire prevention target in a waste treatment facility so that infrared rays do not enter from the outside, and near infrared rays generated before the fire prevention target inside the shielding means is ignited. And a near-infrared detecting means for providing a fire prevention device for a waste treatment facility.

  Here, the wavelength of the near infrared ray can be in the range of 0.7 to 2.5 μm.

  Further, the waste treatment facility may be a bulky waste treatment facility, and the shielding means and the near-infrared detection means may be provided on the conveyor on the crusher exit side.

  Further, the waste treatment facility may be a solid fuel facility, and the shielding means and the near infrared detection means may be provided on the exit side of the dryer and / or molding machine.

  Further, the waste treatment facility may be an automobile shredder dust treatment facility, and the shielding means and the near infrared detection means may be provided directly below the crusher.

  Further, the waste treatment facility may be a container and packaging plastic treatment facility, and the shielding means and the near infrared detection means may be provided on the crusher exit side.

  As described in Patent Document 1, garbage is ignited through a process of heat storage → oxidation promotion → temperature increase → smoldering. In the present invention, near infrared rays generated at the time when the temperature of the garbage rises until “heat storage → oxidation promotion → temperature rise” is detected before the garbage is ignited. The temperature of the contained high-temperature metal piece 6 and the combustible material 8 heated around it or a small flame can be detected, and the fire prevention device such as watering after that functions sufficiently to pre-ignite the garbage 4 in advance. It is possible to prevent. In addition, in order to prevent erroneous detection due to sunlight or infrared rays emitted from illumination, it is necessary to shield, for example, the case 10 around the installation portion of the near infrared detection means (heat source detector 12 in the figure).

  When a heat source is detected, water is sprinkled near the detection location, etc., to cool the waste to suppress the temperature rise and prevent ignition of the waste.

  In addition, the method using infrared rays is generally the flame detector described in Non-Patent Document 1, but the flame detector mainly detects a misfire state in which the gas is extinguished and only gas is emitted by a gas burner. As shown in FIG. 1, fire is detected because mid-infrared light having a wavelength of about 4.0 μm, far-infrared light having a wavelength of about 4.4 μm, and ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 0.1 μm are detected. It was effective when the flame expanded and the flame became sufficiently large, but it was not effective in preventing fire.

Wavelength spectrum diagram comparing the wavelength of the flame and the detection wavelength band used in the conventional flame detector and the near infrared detection means of the present invention The perspective view which shows the near-infrared detection image for demonstrating the principle of this invention Process drawing which shows embodiment which applied this invention to the oversized garbage processing facility

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  In the present embodiment, the present invention is applied to a bulky waste disposal facility as shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 3, the bulky waste is fed into the crusher 22 by the supply conveyor 20. Since the hammer 22A of the crusher 22 rotates around the shaft 22B at a high speed, the metal pieces and the like are crushed by the hammer 22A and discharged after being smaller than the screen 22C. Heated inside the machine 22.

  The metal pieces and the like that have been crushed by the crusher 22 and have passed through the screen 22C pass through, for example, a vibration-type discharge conveyor 26 and are discharged to a first transfer conveyor 28 that is, for example, a metal conveyor made of incombustible material. The periphery of the first conveyor 28 is covered with, for example, an iron case 10 to shield infrared rays emitted from illumination or the like.

  The case 10 on the first conveyor 28 has a heat source detector according to the present invention for detecting near infrared rays in the monitoring wavelength range of, for example, a wavelength of 0.7 to 2.5 μm as shown in FIG. Some 12 are provided as needed. Although it is provided in the vicinity of the entrance side and the exit side of the first conveyor 28 in the drawing, the location and number of the heat source detectors 12 are not limited to this.

  Several watering nozzles 30 are provided around the heat source detector 12, and when a heat source is detected by the heat source detector 12, the watering control valve 32 is opened via a control device (not shown). Sprinkle water to extinguish fire. In the figure, five spray nozzles 30 are provided along the transport direction of the first transport conveyor 28, but the location of the spray nozzles 30 and the number of spray systems are not limited thereto.

  In addition, a vibration type discharge conveyor 26 is disposed immediately below the crusher 22, and when the heat source detector 12 is installed in the vicinity of the discharge conveyor 26, the sensor of the heat source detector 12 and the sprinkling pipe deteriorate due to vibration. Therefore, it is preferable that the heat source detector 12 is provided on the first transport conveyor 28.

  In addition, an entrance gate 34 and an exit gate 36 are provided on the entry side and the exit side of the first conveyor 28, and the heat source detector 12 heats the metal piece 6 at a high temperature and around it. When the heat source such as the combustible material 8 is detected, the first conveyor 28 is automatically stopped by the control device, the gates 34 and 36 are automatically closed, and a new combustible material is detected by the entrance gate 34. 8 is cut off, and the metal piece 6 heated to the outlet gate 36 is prevented from being sent to the equipment after the second transport conveyor 38, and the supply of outside air (oxygen) into the case 10 is shut off. And it is designed to prevent the spread of the flame.

  In FIG. 3, 40 is a dilution fan for diluting the gas inside the crusher 22 to prevent explosion, 42 is an upper hood that covers the upper side of the crusher 22, and 44 is for exhausting from the upper hood 42. , 46 is a separator, 48 is a dust collector, and 50 is an air exhaust.

  In addition, in the said embodiment, although the example where the horizontal crusher 22 using a hammer was used was shown, the kind of crusher 22 is not limited to this, For example, the thing using a rotary sword, A bowl-shaped thing may be sufficient.

  Further, the fire extinguishing means is not limited to the water spray, and for example, an inert gas may be blown.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although this invention was applied to the 1st conveyance conveyor 28 of a bulky waste processing facility, the application object of this invention is not limited to this, For example, the dryer of the solid fuel-ized facility of garbage It can be provided on the exit side of the machine, the exit side of the molding machine, directly below the crusher of the automobile shredder dust treatment facility, or on the crusher exit side of the container packaging plastic treatment facility. In the case of an automobile shredder dust treatment facility, a normal belt conveyor is used instead of a vibrating discharge conveyor, so that a heat source detector can be provided directly under the crusher.

  In the above description, the present invention has been applied to a bulky waste treatment facility, a solid fuel conversion facility, an automobile shredder dust treatment facility, and a container and packaging plastic treatment facility. However, the scope of application of the present invention is limited to this. However, the present invention can be similarly applied to other waste treatment facilities.

4 ... garbage 6 ... metal piece 8 ... combustible material 10 ... case 12 ... heat source detector (near infrared detection means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Supply conveyor 22 ... Crusher 26 ... Discharge conveyor 28,38 ... Conveyor 30 ... Watering nozzle 32 ... Watering control valve 34,36 ... Gate

Claims (8)

  A fire prevention method for a waste treatment facility, characterized by detecting near infrared rays generated before the fire is ignited in a state where the surroundings of the fire prevention target in the waste treatment facility are shielded so that infrared rays do not enter from the outside.   The fire prevention method for a waste treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the near infrared ray is in a range of 0.7 to 2.5 µm. Shielding means for shielding the surroundings of the fire prevention target in the waste treatment facility so that infrared rays do not enter from the outside;
Near-infrared detection means for detecting near-infrared light that is generated before the fire prevention object inside the shielding means is ignited;
A fire treatment device for a waste treatment facility, comprising:   The fireproof device for a waste treatment facility according to claim 3, wherein the wavelength of the near infrared ray is in a range of 0.7 to 2.5 µm.   The waste treatment facility according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the waste treatment facility is a bulky waste treatment facility, and the shielding means and the near-infrared detection means are provided on a conveyance conveyor on a crusher exit side. Equipment fire protection.   The waste disposal facility is a solid fuel facility for waste, and the shielding means and the near-infrared detection means are provided on the exit side of the dryer and / or molding machine. Fire protection equipment for the waste treatment facility described.   5. The fire prevention of the waste treatment facility according to claim 3, wherein the waste treatment facility is an automobile shredder dust treatment facility, and the shielding means and the near infrared detection means are provided directly under the crusher. apparatus.   The waste treatment facility according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the waste treatment facility is a container and packaging plastic treatment facility, and the shielding means and the near infrared detection means are provided on the crusher exit side. Fire protection device.

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