JP2014052174A - Organic compound carbonization and combustion furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dispose more efficiently waste matter etc. while restricting production of nasty smell and harmful substance such as dioxin etc. when the waste matter etc. mainly having organic compound is disposed and at the same time finally to recover it as thermal energy by igniting it.SOLUTION: A carbonization furnace 3 for carbonizing waste matter mainly having organic compound is integrally arranged adjacent to a combustion furnace 2 for igniting carbonized carbide and the carbonization furnace 3 can be heated under utilization of heat source of the combustion furnace 2 by communicating a heating chamber 6 arranged to enclose a circumference of the carbonization furnace 3 with a combustion chamber 5 of the combustion chamber 2 and, in addition, at a predetermined place of the carbonization furnace 3, a gas discharge part 24 is provided capable of discharging gas accumulated within the carbonization furnace 3 either into the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 2 or into the heating chamber 6 of the carbonization furnace 3. In this case, it is possible to increase a carbonization efficiency if a plurality of carbonization furnaces 3 are arranged around the combustion furnace 2 or a partition wall 31 is arranged at the midway part of a communication passage 30 communicating the combustion chamber 5 with the heating chamber 6.

Description

  The present invention, for example, in a carbonization / combustion furnace that carbonizes and burns wastes such as food waste, industrial waste, animal dung, etc., and organic materials such as wood and bamboo, The present invention relates to a carbonization / combustion furnace that can make carbonization / combustion by making maximum use of the internal energy of organic matter while suppressing the generation of off-flavors.

  Conventionally, as a technique for carbonizing waste such as food waste, industrial waste, and animal dung, for example, “high-temperature waste disposal method and apparatus” (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) according to the applicant's proposal, “ Techniques such as “garbage disposal method and apparatus” (for example, refer to Patent Document 2) and “carbonized combustion waste disposal apparatus” (for example, refer to Patent Document 3) are known. Waste is thrown into the vertical heating tower from the top, and the stacked waste is dried and carbonized by heating from the outside so that the carbide and ash accumulated at the bottom are continuously discharged. In the case of Patent Document 3, a part of the carbide is reburned as necessary to increase the processing efficiency.

  On the other hand, as a technology that burns biomass such as trees, bamboo, grass, etc., uses the generated gas as a heat source, adjusts the component state of the separated ash, and uses ash as a high added value Also known is a technique (for example, see Patent Document 4) in which a biomass material such as a tree is crushed or pelletized and dried.

JP 2003-96465 A JP 2003-300049 A JP 2003-148712 A JP 2007-196214 A

By the way, in the carbonization processing methods as in Patent Documents 1 to 3, particularly in the case of animal waste or garbage with a lot of water, such as waste, an off-flavor is generated during the processing, which deteriorates the environment. In addition to being easy to invite, the heating source for heating the carbonization furnace is propane gas, city gas, or the like, so that there is a problem that it is costly to carbonize and the thermal efficiency is not so good.
In addition, as in Patent Document 4, the technology of burning biomass materials such as trees after crushing or pelletizing them and then burning them requires energy for crushing or pelletizing biomass materials and burning them. Since the difference between the energy required for the combustion and the energy obtained by burning is small, improvement has been desired from the viewpoint of total energy.

  Therefore, the present invention suppresses generation of harmful substances such as off-flavors and dioxins when processing wastes mainly composed of organic substances, and efficiently treats them, and finally burns them as thermal energy. The purpose is to collect it and use it effectively as an energy source such as power generation and heating.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a carbonization furnace for carbonizing waste or the like mainly composed of organic matter, and an organic carbonization / combustion furnace comprising a combustion furnace for burning the carbonized carbide, adjacent to the combustion furnace. The carbonization furnace is integrally disposed, and a heating chamber disposed so as to surround the carbonization furnace and a combustion chamber of the combustion furnace are communicated with each other, so that the carbonization furnace is configured using a heat source of the combustion furnace. In addition, a gas discharge part capable of discharging the gas accumulated in the carbonization furnace into the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace or the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace is provided at a predetermined position of the carbonization furnace.

In this way, the heating chamber disposed so as to surround the carbonization furnace and the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace are communicated with each other so that the carbonization furnace can be heated using the heat source of the combustion furnace. If a gas discharge part that can discharge the gas accumulated in the carbonization furnace into the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace or the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace is provided at a predetermined location, the off-flavor components generated during the carbonization process leak to the outside. Deodorized at high temperature without taking out.
Here, the “carbonized carbide” burned in the combustion furnace is not only a product in which the combustible gas has been completely discharged and carbonization has been performed completely, but has also been carbonized to such an extent that the carbide is easily pulverized. As for the carbonization to such an extent that it becomes easy to pulverize, the material in the carbonization furnace stayed in the furnace at 300 ° C. for about 30 minutes, and stayed in the furnace at 400 ° C. for about 1 minute. This corresponds to a product that stays in the furnace for about 30 seconds at 500 ° C.

  Also, instead of putting waste etc. directly into the combustion furnace in this way, by introducing carbide and burning it, the temperature inside the furnace becomes uneven and dioxins are generated in the exhaust gas In addition, the inconvenience that the hearth temperature is lowered and dioxins are contained in the incinerated ash is suppressed, and effective use as compost or the like can be achieved.

In addition, as a gas which accumulates and discharge | releases in a carbonization furnace, a combustible gas is also contained other than an odor component.
That is, taking the case of carbohydrate as an organic substance as an example, the basic substance structure of carbohydrate is C _m (H ₂ O) _n in a chemical formula, and when this is heated to about 300 to 500 ° C., C (carbide) is decomposed in the (CO + _{H 2),} the (CO + _{H 2)} is combustible gas having a combustible.
In general, it is known that an organic substance containing carbon is decomposed into a combustible gas and a carbide by decomposing the original substance when heat of about 300 ° C. or higher is applied.

For this reason, if the gas in the carbonization furnace is discharged from the gas discharge part of the carbonization furnace into the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace or the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace, the combustible gas is burned in the combustion chamber or the heating chamber, thereby improving the thermal efficiency. be able to.
Further, by composing the combustion furnace and the carbonization furnace integrally, the equipment can be made compact.

Further, as a combustion furnace, the carbide generated using this carbonization furnace or any other carbonization furnace is combusted, for example, by previously grinding the carbide to a particle size of a predetermined size or less, the combustion furnace The combustion temperature in the inside becomes almost uniform, for example, compared with the case where the organic matter that is not carbonized is put into the combustion furnace as it is and burned, the energy of the organic matter can be concentrated and exhibited, and the thermal decomposition rate And the burning rate can be increased.
For this reason, as the carbide to be burned, it is particularly preferable to pulverize it into a granular material having a maximum dimension of 10 mm or less.

  By the way, it is said that the combustion rate becomes slower in proportion to the cube of the particle size when the particle size of the charcoal increases, and if it becomes too large, the combustion efficiency decreases and the required amount of air increases. It is preferable to keep it.

In the present invention, the carbonization furnace is a vertical type in which waste to be treated is introduced from an upper inlet, and the carbide is gradually transferred downward as the carbonization process proceeds. The payout was made downward.

  Thus, by using a vertical carbonization furnace, carbonization can be continuously performed, and the combustion furnace and the carbonization furnace can be configured in a compact manner, which is advantageous from the standpoint of installation space. Become.

  As the carbonization furnace, a plurality of carbonization furnaces may be arranged around the combustion furnace, or the high-temperature gas of the combustion furnace is efficiently disposed in the middle of the communication path that connects the combustion furnace and the carbonization furnace. You may make it provide the partition for sending in.

  That is, when a carbonization furnace is provided adjacent to the combustion furnace and the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace are communicated to heat the carbonization furnace, the furnace wall facing the combustion chamber side of the furnace wall of the carbonization furnace is Although the heating of the furnace wall opposite to the combustion chamber side is not performed effectively, although it is efficiently heated, the carbonization of the carbonized material is carried out even if the carbonized material is stirred by providing a stirring rod or the like in the carbonization furnace. The efficiency is not very good.

Therefore, a plurality of carbonization furnaces are disposed around the combustion furnace, and carbonization is simultaneously performed in the plurality of carbonization furnaces, or a partition wall is provided in the middle of the communication path that connects the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace. By providing, the circumference | surroundings of a carbonization furnace can be heated effectively and the improvement of carbonization efficiency is aimed at.
That is, if, for example, two carbonization furnaces are arranged around the combustion furnace, the amount of carbonization that can be carbonized in each carbonization furnace within a predetermined time is increased by about twice compared to the case of one. Can do.
In addition, by providing a partition wall in the middle of the communication path that connects the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace, the temperature of the furnace wall around the carbonization furnace is reduced by separating the high-temperature gas supply path and the return path. It can heat more uniformly and can raise carbonization efficiency more.

An organic carbonization / combustion furnace equipped with a carbonization furnace that carbonizes wastes mainly composed of organic substances and a combustion furnace that combusts the carbonized carbides. The combustion chamber and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace are in communication with each other, and a gas discharge section capable of releasing gas into the combustion chamber or the heating chamber is provided at a predetermined position of the carbonization furnace, so that the temperature in the combustion furnace is uniform. Thus, combustion is stabilized, and troubles such as generation of dioxins and off-flavors are prevented, and thermal efficiency can be improved.
Further, by making the carbonization furnace vertical, carbonization can be performed continuously, and the combustion furnace and the carbonization furnace can be combined in a compact manner, which is advantageous in terms of installation space.
Further, the carbonization efficiency can be improved by arranging a plurality of carbonization furnaces around the combustion furnace, or by providing a partition wall in a communication path where the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace communicate with each other. .

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an organic carbonization / combustion furnace according to the present invention. It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. It is a 2nd structural example figure which shows an example in the case of arrange | positioning multiple carbonization furnaces around a combustion furnace. It is a 3rd structural example figure which provides a partition in the communicating path which the combustion chamber of a combustion furnace and the heating chamber of a carbonization furnace communicate, (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, (b) is a BB sectional view of (a). FIG.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The present invention is a carbonization / combustion furnace that carbonizes and burns, for example, food waste, industrial waste, animal feces, and other organic materials such as wood and bamboo, and discards while preventing bad odors. It is possible to increase the energy efficiency from the standpoint of total energy while intensively demonstrating the inherent energy of materials, etc., accelerating thermal decomposition and combustion rate, preventing the generation of off-flavors and dioxins. The carbonization furnace is disposed adjacent to the combustion furnace for burning the carbide, the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace are communicated, and the gas released from the gas discharge part of the carbonization furnace is It is characterized by being discharged into the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace or the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present organic carbonization / combustion furnace 1 includes a combustion furnace 2 that can burn carbide and use thermal energy, food waste, industrial waste, animal dung, etc. Is integrally provided with a carbonization furnace 3 capable of carbonizing a material mainly composed of organic matter such as waste, wood, bamboo, etc. The furnace wall 3h of the carbonization furnace 3 is made of a heat-resistant metal material. At the same time, the surroundings of the combustion furnace 2 and the lower side of the carbonization furnace 3 are surrounded by an outer wall 4 such as a heat-resistant brick, so that the combustion chamber 5 in the combustion furnace 2 and the heating chamber 6 surrounding the carbonization furnace 3 are defined. You are in communication.

  The combustion furnace 2 includes a charging unit 7 for charging carbide, an ignition unit (not shown) that can ignite the charged carbide in the first stage, and an air supply for sending air into the combustion furnace 2. A screw conveyor 10 for continuously charging the pulverized and granulated carbide is disposed in the charging unit 7 and the inside of the combustion furnace 2 below the charging unit 7. Is provided with a cradle 11 that is a heat-resistant material and a perforated material, and an ash reservoir 12 that can store incinerated ash falling from above is provided at the bottom of the combustion furnace 2. It has been. The ash reservoir 12 is provided with a stirring blade 13 for discharging a certain amount of incineration ash or the like to the outside when a certain amount of incineration ash or the like is accumulated, and a drive motor 14 for rotationally driving it.

  At this time, the carbides introduced from the charging unit 7 include not only those in which the combustible gas is completely discharged and completely carbonized, but also those that are carbonized to such an extent that the carbides are easily pulverized. As the carbonization to such an extent that it can be easily pulverized, the temperature in the carbonizing furnace is 300 ° C. for about 30 minutes, the material stayed in the furnace for about 30 minutes, 400 ° C. for about 1 minute, 500 ° C. For example, the object stayed in the furnace for about 30 seconds.

In this embodiment, the carbide is pulverized in advance into a granular material having a maximum dimension of 10 mm or less. This is because if it is larger than that, it requires more oxygen than necessary during combustion and cannot be burned efficiently, and in order to burn more efficiently, it is as small as possible. It is preferable to pulverize.

  Further, in this embodiment, a power generation heat exchanger 15 is provided in the upper part of the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 2, and the heat burned in the combustion furnace 2 is used for power generation. Of course, the arrangement of the heat exchanger 15 for power generation is an example, and heat energy may be used for purposes other than power generation.

  Moreover, in order to discharge the exhaust gas that has passed through the heat exchanger 15 for power generation, a gas discharge path 16 is provided. In this embodiment, by using the high-temperature gas discharged from the gas discharge path 16, In particular, when the waste mainly composed of organic matter is raw garbage or animal dung with a lot of water, the waste is led to a dryer or the like for drying them to a predetermined moisture content or less.

As described above, the furnace wall 3h of the carbonization furnace 3 is made of a heat-resistant metal material and is provided with a raw material charging chamber 17 in the upper part. A first shutter 18 and a second shutter 19 are provided in the upper part and the lower part of the raw material charging chamber 17 as opening ports that can be opened and closed independently to form a double hatch structure. By blocking the free air flow with the carbonization chamber 21, the gas generated in the carbonization chamber 21 (a mixture of combustible gas and off-flavor components) is prevented from leaking to the outside.
That is, when the raw material input chamber 17 becomes empty, only the first shutter 18 is opened to input the raw material, and when the raw material is fed into the carbonization chamber 21, only the second shutter 19 is opened and input, and this is repeated.
If necessary, a multi-stage shutter structure having a double shutter or more may be used.

The carbonization chamber 21 of the carbonization furnace 3 is configured in a vertical shape, and the internal material is carbonized and moved downward by heating from the surrounding heating chamber 6 at, for example, 300 ° C. or more, preferably about 350 to 600 ° C. In addition, carbonization proceeds as the material accumulates downward. In addition, the material in the carbonization chamber 21 is agitated as necessary, and at the same time, a large number of stirring rods 22 for feeding the material that has undergone carbonization downward and a drive motor 23 for rotationally driving the stirring rods 22 are provided. A gas discharge unit 24 is provided at a predetermined position of the carbonization furnace 3 to discharge the gas generated in the carbonization chamber 21 into the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 3 or the heating chamber 6 around the carbonization furnace 3. Is provided.
The outer wall 4 below the carbonization furnace 3 is provided with a cooling unit 4r such as a water cooling mechanism for cooling the carbide inside the carbonization furnace 3.

  Further, below the carbonization furnace 3, a screw conveyor 25 for transporting the carbonized carbonized material falling in a horizontal direction in response to the falling of the carbonized carbonized material via a freely openable / closable shutter member 28 and driving the same. A drive motor 26 is provided, and a coal storage unit 27 for collecting carbide falling from the screw conveyor 25 is provided below the middle of the screw conveyor 25.

  The coal storage unit 27 is provided with an unillustrated extraction unit, and the carbide extracted from the coal storage unit 27 is pulverized into granular materials having a maximum size of 10 mm or less by a pulverization mechanism, and the pulverized carbide is combusted. It is made to convey to the insertion port of the screw conveyor 10 of the insertion part 7 of the furnace 2. As shown in FIG.

  In addition, it is preferable to provide a conveyance mechanism and a charging mechanism (not shown) at the raw material charging chamber 17 of the carbonization furnace 3 and the charging port of the screw conveyor 10 of the charging unit 7 of the combustion furnace 2.

The operation of the carbonization / combustion furnace 1 will be described.
In the combustion furnace 2, an arbitrary ignited material is introduced into the combustion chamber 5 in the first stage and burned in an ignition part having an arbitrary ignition means such as a heater, so that the combustion in the combustion chamber 5 is stably stabilized. Then, the operation of the ignition part is stopped and the carbide is charged from the charging part 7. Due to the stable combustion in the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 2, the temperature in the combustion chamber 5 is normally about 800 ° C., and the temperature of the heating chamber 6 is usually kept at 300 ° C. or more.

  When combustion in the combustion furnace 2 is started in this way, a material such as food waste, industrial waste, animal dung, or the like, or a material mainly composed of organic matter such as wood or bamboo, is dried to a predetermined amount of moisture as required. After drying, the sheet is cut into a predetermined size, and only the first shutter 18 of the carbonization furnace 3 is opened and charged into the raw material charging chamber 17. When a predetermined amount of material is charged into the raw material charging chamber 17, the first shutter 18 is closed and the second shutter 19 is opened, the material is charged into the carbonization chamber 21, and stirred with the stirring rod 22 as necessary. To do.

Then, the organic matter in the carbonization chamber 21 is decomposed into a combustible gas (CO or H ₂ gas in the case of carbohydrates) and a carbide (C) when the surroundings are exposed to a temperature of at least 300 ° C., and the combustible gas. Is discharged together with the off-flavor component into the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 2 or the heating chamber 6 around the carbonization furnace 3 through the gas discharge section 24, the off-flavor component is deodorized, and the combustible gas is discharged into the combustion chamber 5 or the heating chamber. Combustion begins in chamber 6.
When the charged material is carbonized and accumulated downward, the material is continuously charged into the raw material charging chamber 17 and the carbonizing chamber 21, and the carbonization process is continuously performed.

  Then, when the carbide is carbonized to such an extent that it can be easily crushed, the shutter member 28 is opened, the carbide is dropped onto the screw conveyor 25 below the carbonization furnace 3, and stored in the coal storage unit 27. Then, the carbide taken out from the coal storage unit 27 is pulverized by the pulverizing means into granular materials having a maximum dimension of 10 mm or less, conveyed to the screw conveyor 10 of the charging unit 7 of the combustion furnace 2, and passed through the screw conveyor 10 into the combustion chamber 5. It is thrown.

In this way, the energy of organic matter is concentrated and thermal decomposition and combustion speed are accelerated, and energy efficiency can be improved from the standpoint of total energy. The series of operations up to can be efficiently performed, and the generation of off-flavors and dioxins can be prevented.
Then, power is generated through the heat exchanger 15 for power generation in the combustion furnace 2 and wastes and the like are dried by a dryer (not shown) using high-temperature gas discharged from the gas discharge path 16. Generating power using the generated gas is an example, and as described above, the thermal energy may be used for other purposes.

Next, an example in which a plurality of carbonization furnaces 3 are arranged around the combustion furnace 2 will be described based on the second configuration example of FIG.
In this configuration example, two carbonization furnaces 3 similar to those in the above example are disposed around the combustion furnace 2. That is, in the case of the carbonization furnace 2 as shown in FIG. 2, although the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 2 and the heating chamber 6 around the carbonization furnace 3 are communicated, the temperature of the heating chamber 6 is the temperature on the combustion chamber 5 side. In contrast, the temperature on the side opposite to the combustion chamber 5 is inevitably low, and the carbonization efficiency of the carbonized raw material on the side opposite to the combustion chamber is not good.

For this reason, as shown in FIG. 3, by disposing two carbonization furnaces 2 so that carbonization can be performed at two locations at the same time, the carbonization efficiency can be increased by about twice. Of course, two or more carbonization furnaces may be provided.

By the way, in order to improve the carbonization efficiency in the carbonization furnace 3, instead of or in combination with the second configuration example as described above, as shown in the third configuration example in FIG. After heating the carbonization furnace 3, a feeding path 30 a for feeding the high-temperature gas generated in the combustion furnace 2 to the heating chamber 6 of the carbonization furnace 3 in the middle of the communication path 30 that communicates the heating chamber 5 with the carbonization furnace 3. A vertical partition wall 31 for separating the return path 30b for returning the gas to the combustion furnace 2 in the horizontal direction may be provided.
Then, for example, by adjusting the direction of the air supply unit 8 that sends air into the combustion chamber 5 of the combustion furnace 2, the flow of air from the combustion chamber 5 toward the heating chamber 6 is changed to the supply path of the communication passage 30. If the convection is smoothly performed toward the return path 30b through 30a, the furnace wall 3h of the carbonization furnace 3 can be efficiently heated.

With such second and third configuration examples, the carbonization efficiency of the carbonized raw material can be further increased.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. What has substantially the same configuration as the matters described in the claims of the present invention and exhibits the same operational effects belongs to the technical scope of the present invention.

  Since it is possible to easily dispose of wastes mainly composed of organic substances that have been difficult to treat due to problems such as dioxins and off-flavors, and to solve the energy problem, it is expected to be widely used in the future.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Carbonization and combustion furnace, 2 ... Combustion furnace, 3 ... Carbonization furnace, 5 ... Combustion chamber, 6 ... Heating chamber, 18 ... First shutter, 19 ... Second shutter, 21 ... Carbonization chamber, 24 ... Gas discharge part, 30 ... Communication path, 30a ... Feeding path, 30b ... Return path, 31 ... Bulkhead.

Claims (4)

An organic carbonization / combustion furnace equipped with a carbonization furnace for carbonizing waste or the like mainly composed of organic matter and a combustion furnace for burning the carbonized carbide, wherein the carbonization furnace is integrally disposed adjacent to the combustion furnace. The heating chamber disposed so as to surround the periphery of the carbonization furnace and the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace communicate with each other so that the carbonization furnace can be heated using the heat source of the combustion furnace, An organic carbonization / combustion furnace characterized in that a gas discharge section is provided at a predetermined location of the carbonization furnace, which can discharge gas accumulated in the carbonization furnace into a combustion chamber of the combustion furnace or a heating chamber of the carbonization furnace. . The carbonization furnace is a vertical type in which waste to be treated is introduced from an upper inlet, and the carbide is gradually transferred downward as the carbonization process proceeds, and finally the carbide is discharged downward. The organic carbonization and combustion furnace according to claim 1. The organic carbonization / combustion furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of the carbonization furnaces are disposed around the combustion furnace. In the middle of the communication path that connects the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace, a feed path for sending high-temperature gas generated in the combustion furnace to the heating chamber of the carbonization furnace, and after heating the carbonization furnace The organic carbonization and combustion furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a partition wall for separating a return path for returning the gas to the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace.

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