JP2014046307A - Sand filter and sand filtration processing method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sand filter in which sand filtration is a method for providing filtration water by capturing a mud quality component by a surface layer of sand, but causes water conduction obstruction since the mud quality component deposits on a filtration sand surface layer when continuing processing, and also becomes impossible in the processing by a large quantity of sediments when directly sand-filtering slurry of including much moisture such as sedimented sludge from organic wastewater, but the sediments are an organic substance, and become a raw material of biomass fuel when these sediments can be collected.SOLUTION: When water is drained from a bottom side surface of a sand filtration tank by directly introducing water into filtration sand without passing through an impervious screen formed on the filtration sand surface layer for preventing water conduction from becoming impossible due to becoming the impervious screen since a mud quality deposits on the filtration sand surface layer when directly sand-filtering muddy water and the slurry, even the water including a high concentration mud quality like the slurry, can continue the water conduction without being influenced by the impervious screen of a filtration surface layer.

Description

  In the present invention, gravity-type sand filtration captures turbid components in turbid water at the surface layer of the filtered sand, and directs the turbid water directly into the filtered sand, as opposed to the conventional method of obtaining filtered water by downward flow. In this case, the turbidity deposited on the surface of the filtration sand is removed from the sand filtration tank by backwashing with water. It is a method of collecting as a product.

  Turbid water treatment and water treatment technology for dewatering sludge are direct dehydration by a dehydrator, coagulation sedimentation treatment, sand filtration treatment, etc., but these treatment methods have difficulty in the following treatment operations. For example, in the treatment with a dehydrator, the stickiness of organic matter in turbidity becomes a deterring factor, and in the coagulation sedimentation treatment, the concentrated waste liquid such as mud must be diluted with a large amount of water. Addition of a flocculant for aggregating turbid components in turbid water generates sludge, and sand filtration cannot be performed unless the turbidity concentration is pretreated to about 50 mg / L.

  Sand filtration treatment is a treatment method in which fine SS components are captured by a sand layer, and the SS concentration of treated water is treated to 5 to 10 mg / L. Even if the SS concentration is low, the trapped turbid components Since a water-permeable film is formed on the sand layer and water cannot be passed, it is necessary to recover the water flow by regularly backwashing the water with an upward flow. When processing slurry, if the turbidity that accumulates on the sand filtration layer accumulates thickly and becomes compacted, the backwashing method with water does not recover the water flow. The filtration method cannot be directly processed.

  As a prior patent document, as in gravity sand filtration, for the method of filtering only by the filtered sand surface layer, it is a "sand filter for filtering the water to be treated by passing the sand layer", and is self-retaining A water collecting material having a property and water permeability is disposed in the lower part of the container having an opening, and a sand layer for filtering water to be treated is formed by filling the container with sand so as to cover the water collecting material, The turbidity recovery part forms a space extending vertically in the container, and the air suspended from the sand layer by the air blown into the sand layer from the air blowing means recovers the suspended matter from the water layer into the space together with the water and is recovered. There is a technology that has a structure in which turbidity is discharged together with water.

JP 2007-125517 A

  Sand filtration is a process in which sand is laid down at the bottom of the water tank, water is poured from the top of the water tank, and treated water is obtained by downward flow. The structure is simple and no addition of water treatment chemicals is required. In addition, clean treated water with a SS concentration of 5 to 10 mg / L can be obtained. However, unless the turbidity concentration of the raw water is 50 mg / L or less, the turbidity that accumulates on the surface of the filtered sand is blocked. It becomes a water film and water cannot be passed.

  Sand filtration is a treatment method that captures fine SS components in the surface layer of sand or in the sand layer. By continuing the treatment, the water-permeable resistance gradually increases due to the water-blocking film formed on the surface of the filter sand layer. Finally, it becomes impossible to pass water, and a reverse cleaning operation is required periodically by upward flow from the bottom of the filtered sand layer, and the reverse water cleaning operation destroys the water barrier film on the surface of the sand layer, Although it is a treatment method for recovering water flow by discharging to the outside, if this backwashing is performed, the solid matter that has settled and deposited becomes backwash wastewater and flows out of the tank.

  If the muddy matter containing muddy water and organic matter is treated directly by sand filtration, and the solid content (SS) deposited on the surface of the filtered sand can be recovered, the deposited solid content (SS) is organic matter. When recovered, it can be used as a raw material for biomass fuel. However, in the conventional sand filtration treatment, the operation is performed so as not to generate a water-impervious film by back washing with water, so that the deposit cannot be recovered.

  The place where SS, which is turbid, precipitates and accumulates on the sand filtration surface layer and hinders water flow, is the surface layer of the filtration sand layer, where the turbidity adheres to the sand particles. In order to apply water pressure to the filtration sand layer, water is stored in the upper part of the filtration water tank, and SS settles in this water storage part and accumulates on the surface layer of the filtration sand. If water can be directly introduced into the filtered sand layer without passing through the surface layer, it is possible to continue the filtration while avoiding a water impediment due to the water-impervious film formed on the filtered sand surface layer portion.

  The SS component that has entered the filtered sand layer adheres to the surface of the sand particles, and is captured and removed. However, if the total water flow rate increases, the amount of SS that adheres to the surface of the sand particles also increases. If the amount of trapped SS increases, SS leaks into the filtered water and increases the SS concentration of the filtered water, so it is necessary to increase the amount of SS trapped in the filtered sand layer.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention has a water tank having an open top and a small hole in the side of the bottom of the filter sand, and a water guide material composed of a mesh tube covered with a net embedded in the filter sand. A three-stage cylinder that is stacked higher than the thickness of the filtration sand from the bottom of the water tank center, and turbid water is introduced into the filtration sand by the cylinder stacked in the three stages, from a small hole on the side of the bottom of the water tank. The sand filtration device for draining, the cylinders stacked in three stages are composed of an upper cylinder, an intermediate cylinder, and a lower cylinder, and the upper and lower cylinders are reticulated pipes whose upper and lower sides are open. Packed with gravel in a net bag, the middle cylinder is a cylinder that is open at the top and bottom, larger than the diameter of the upper and lower cylinders, filled with sand and covered with a nonwoven fabric The lower cylinder is embedded in the filter sand. The cylinder in the filtration sand surface, further thereon, to adopt a configuration of placing overlapping the upper cylinder.

  In addition, the present invention includes an aspect in which a spherical float is included in the network pipe of the water guide material and the water holding material in the above-described configuration, and thereby, when the filtration sand and the sand of the intermediate cylinder are washed with water, The water retaining material can be separated from the sand and recovered.

  Furthermore, the present invention is the sand filtration device and the sand filtration treatment method for collecting deposits on the filter sand, wherein the collection bag for collecting deposits on the filter sand is a bag stitched with a nonwoven fabric, and sand filtration Place it on the filtration sand so that it touches the inner surface of the tank and the outer surface of the upper cylinder in the center of the water tank. At the end of the collection bag, a steel ring and rope are sewn, and the steel ring is attached to the tank. Hanging on a support attached to the top of the aquarium, the rope was tied to the side of the upper cylinder and fixed, and the rope that tied the upper cylinder was used to collect sediment deposited and deposited in the collection bag. And a sand filtration method in which the steel ring is lifted to collect deposits from the water tank.

  When turbid water is passed directly through the filtration sand, the turbidity precipitates and accumulates on the surface of the filtration sand and the water cannot be passed. Therefore, the turbid water poured into the sand filtration device according to claim 1 is sand filtration. By the cylinders stacked in three stages in the center of the tank, water is directly introduced into the filtration sand, and the water flows into the water conduction material embedded in the filtration sand, so that the filtration sand becomes wet and the filtration sand. As the water becomes wet, water can flow, drain from the small holes on the side surface, and water flow is maintained.

  The water conveyance material to be embedded in the filtration sand is a reticulated tube, so that the filtration sand does not flow in. Water and turbidity are precipitated and separated in it, and only water is pushed out of the water conveyance material, and the turbidity accumulates and stays in the water conveyance material, reducing the turbid mass that is adsorbed and trapped in the filtration sand and filtering. The sand continues to flow without clogging.

  Of the cylinders stacked in three stages in the center of the filtration sand tank, the upper cylinder is a net-like tube that is open at the top and bottom, filled with gravel in a net bag, and placed above the filtration sand. Thus, even if there is a deposit on the filtration sand, the muddy water stored in the water tank can flow into the upper cylinder.

  The middle cylinder is a cylinder that is open at the top and bottom, and is larger than the diameter of the upper cylinder. It is filled with sand, filled with water-retaining material covered with a nonwoven fabric with a mesh tube, and the water flowing into the water-retaining material When the sand wets, the sand wets to become fluid sand, and when the sand flows, fine turbidity in muddy water can infiltrate into the sand with water, but it is coarse The turbid particles cannot penetrate into the sand, and the turbidity flowing into the filtered sand is only the fine turbidity that can penetrate into the wet sand, which limits the turbid mass contained in the water. By placing it on top of the upper cylinder, the upper cylinder gravel is in heavy contact with the sand of the middle cylinder surface, so that coarse turbid particles do not accumulate on the surface of the sand. Can be continued.

  The lower cylinder overlaps with the middle cylinder, allowing water and fine turbidity to flow directly from the middle cylinder, and evenly filtered from all sides of the cylinder, which is a mesh tube, through gravel in a net bag. Water is poured into the sand.

  Of the cylinders stacked in three stages in the center of the filtration sand tank, the upper and middle cylinders can directly introduce water into the filtration sand, so that even if there is less water on the filtration sand, it can flow into the filtration sand. By flowing water into the filtration sand, the filtration sand is moistened, the water can flow horizontally, and drained from the small holes on the side, the amount of drainage does not change.

  When the filtration sand according to claim 2 and the water guide material embedded in the filter sand are taken out of the water tank and washed with water, the water guide material floats from the filter sand by enclosing a spherical float in the water guide material. By collecting this and immersing it in water, deposits of turbid components that settle on the water guide material are discharged, and the washed water guide material can be recovered.

  Similarly, in the water retaining material, which is a mesh tube covered with a nonwoven fabric embedded in sand in an intermediate cylinder, the spherical float according to claim 2 is included so that the water can be removed from the sand filtration tank. By enclosing a spherical float when washing, the water retention material rises from the sand and can be collected.

  If the turbidity concentration of turbid water and mud put into the sand filtration tank becomes high, the deposit on the filter sand increases, and it becomes difficult to carry out the deposit outside the tank. Place the stitched collection bag on the filter sand and collect the sediment that has settled and accumulated in this bag, so that the filter sand of a general sand filtration device does not need to be washed back with water, and the deposit is taken out. If the recovery bag is re-installed, the filtration operation can be continued.

  It is a flow sheet figure when driving sand filtration.   It is sectional drawing of a stirring tank.   It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the sand filtration tank used for this invention.   It is explanatory drawing of the water conveyance material used for this invention, and a water retention material.   It is manufacture explanatory drawing of the upper stage and lower stage cylinder installed in the sand filtration tank center, and explanatory drawing of an intermediate | middle cylinder.   It is a schematic cross section explaining the order which installs the cylinder of three steps installed in the sand filtration tank center.   It is a schematic cross section explaining the flow of the water of the 3 steps | paragraph cylinder installed in the sand filtration tank center, filtration sand, a water conveyance material, and the small hole of the side surface of this water tank.   It is an attachment figure of the collection bag in a sand filtration tank.   It is explanatory drawing of the collection | recovery bag taken out from the sand filtration tank.   It is a flow sheet figure which shape | molds the collect | recovered deposit and cut | disconnects to a pellet.   It is a schematic cross section of the sand filtration tank in the case of using it piled up in two steps.

  Pre-treatment of muddy organic waste such as surface water of rainwater and muddy river water, precipitated sludge that is more than 90% of mud, livestock waste, food residue, sludge, etc. However, the form for implementing this invention which pours water directly to a sand filtration tank, obtains filtration treated water, and collect | recovers the deposits on filtered sand is demonstrated.

  From the flow sheet of FIG. 1, muddy water such as rivers and muddy substances are introduced into the stirring tank 1, water is supplied to the stirring tank 1, the concentration of the muddy substances to be added is adjusted, and the slurry is used as raw water. If the water is pumped to the sand filtration tank 6 and filtered, 5 to 10 mg / L of filtered water is obtained in the SS concentration. When the filtered water is stored in the treated water tank 22 and muddy water is treated, it is discharged and mud. In the case of treating the solid matter, it is reused for supplying water to the stirring tank 1 and circulated to collect turbidity and muddy solid deposits deposited on the surface of the filtration sand.

  The turbid water of surface water of storm water and muddy river water is 200 to 500 mg / L in SS concentration, and muddy matter is adjusted to 5,000 to 10000 mg / L by adding water to SS concentration of about 10%, Slurry, pour water into the sand filtration tank 6, perform the filtration treatment, and the treatment operation for collecting the deposits in the collection bag 26 is the same whether it is turbid water or slurry raw water, The latter processing operation of the slurry which added water to about 10% SS density | concentration is demonstrated.

  In the stirring tank 1 of FIG. 2, even in the case where a single mud or each mud is mixed and treated, water and the introduced mud are mixed by the stirrer 2 to form the mud. The contained sediment and heavy foreign matter are precipitated and separated at the bottom of the stirring tank 1, and the slurry in the middle layer of the stirring tank 1 is transferred to the sand filtration tank 6 shown in FIG. Water is automatically fed by the water level gauge 7 of the sand filtration tank 6.

  The stirring tank 1 is equipped with a slow stirrer 2 having 10 to 30 rotations for mixing water and mud and for sedimenting and separating sediments and foreign matters, and slurry from the middle layer of the stirring tank 1 is added. A submersible pump 3 for pumping water, a manhole 4 for taking out sediment and foreign matter accumulated at the bottom of the water tank 1 are attached, and organic waste is contaminated with wood chips, small pieces of waste plastics, etc. In the upper part of the water tank, a bar screen 5 of about 5 mm is installed so that these impurities do not enter the stirring tank 1.

  The structure of the sand filtration tank 6 shown in FIG. 3 is, for example, laid filter sand 8 with a thickness of 100 to 300 mm on the bottom, and on the side surface of the water tank 6 from 3 to 5 cm below the bottom surface of the filter sand 8 to the bottom surface. A small hole 10 having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm is opened so as to have an opening ratio of 30 to 60%, and a plastic mesh tube covered with a 0.5 to 1 mm polyethylene net is provided in the filtration sand 8 as a water guide material. 9, three-stage cylinders 14, 18, 21 for introducing muddy water into the filtration sand 8 are placed in the center of the water tank 6, and a collection bag for collecting deposits is placed on the filtration sand 8. As shown in FIG. 8, 26 is suspended from the top of the water tank 6, and is fixed to the three-stage uppermost mesh tube 14 by a rope 28.

  The treated water tank 22 is an open-type water tank, and an iron support material 23 having a strength capable of installing the sand filtration tank 6 is attached to the upper part of the treated water tank 22. Return to 1.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the water guide material 9 in the filter sand 8 has, for example, a spherical shape made of foamed resin on a plastic mesh tube 11 having a diameter of 10 to 30 mm, a length of 30 to 50 mm, and a length of 2 to 5 mm. Float 12 is encapsulated, covered with polyethylene net 13 of 0.5 to 1 mm, embedded in filtration sand 8 at a volume of 30 to 60%, and when there is a large inflow of fine turbidity, It is preferable to further increase the material 9.

  Among the three-stage cylinders 14, 18, 21 that are stacked and installed in the center of the sand filtration tank 6, the upper stage 14 and the lower stage cylinder 21 are, for example, 3 in the area of the water tank 6 as shown in FIG. 5. The diameter is equivalent to an area ratio of -6%, and 5-15 mm gravel 16 is packed in a bag sewn with a polyethylene net 17 of 1-2 mm, and the bag sewn with this net 17 is opened up and down. The lower cylinder 21 is from the bottom to the surface layer of the filter sand 8 and the upper cylinder 14 is 20 to 40 cm higher than the surface layer of the filter sand 8. Install so that.

  The mesh tubes 11 and 15 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are, for example, formed by processing a 2-5 mm mesh mesh plastic plate into a cylinder. Generally, in order to prevent intrusion of fallen leaves and the like, rain gutters are used. It is used for drainage prevention pipes such as gravel laid on the bottoms of soil drainage pipes and flower pots.

  The intermediate cylinder 18 shown in FIG. 5 is made of a flat plate made of iron or resin, and is, for example, a cylinder having a height of 5 to 10 cm, open at the top and bottom, and having a diameter that can accommodate the upper cylinder 14. The water retaining material 19 covered with the non-woven fabric 20 shown in FIG. 4 has the same structure as that of the water guide material 9 covered with the polyethylene net 13 embedded in the sand and the filtration sand, so as to allow only water to enter instead of the polyethylene net 13. For example, it is packed at a capacity ratio of 30 to 50%.

  In the center of the sand filtration tank 6, the installation of the three-stage cylinders of the upper cylinder 14, the lower cylinder 21, and the intermediate cylinder 18 that are stacked is as shown in FIG. The cylinder 21 is placed, and the filter sand and the water-conducting material are spread over. Then, the middle cylinder 18 is placed on the lower cylinder 21, and the upper cylinder 14 is placed on the middle cylinder 18.

  As shown in FIG. 7 for explaining the flow of muddy water poured into the filtered water tank 6, muddy water flows from the upper cylinder 14 of the cylinders stacked in three stages, and even if there is a deposit on the filtered sand, Since the upper cylinder 14 is exposed above, it is not affected by the amount of deposits, and flows into the intermediate cylinder 18 and further flows into the lower cylinder 21 directly below it, and all the sides of the lower cylinder 21 are exposed. Infiltrated into the filtration sand layer embedded with the water guide material 9 from the water, the suspended matter stays in the water guide material 9, and the water flows horizontally through the small holes 10 on the side surface of the water tank 6 and is drained from the water tank 6.

  The muddy water that has entered from the upper cylinder 14 flows into the intermediate cylinder 18 placed in contact with the cylinder 14, and the intermediate cylinder 18 is filled with sand, and the sand is shown in FIG. As described above, since the water retaining material 19 covered with the nonwoven fabric 20 is embedded, sand compaction is prevented, and due to the fluidity, coarse particles in turbidity cannot enter the sand, but are fine. Turbidity and water flow into the lower cylinder 21.

  Since the lower cylinder 21 in the filter sand is filled with gravel 16, water is uniformly poured from all sides of the lower cylinder 21 into the filter sand.

  The upper cylinder 14 has gravel 16, and due to this weight, the intermediate cylinder 18 that is in strong contact with the lower surface of the upper cylinder 14 has a coarse turbidity flowing from the upper cylinder 14. It cannot penetrate into the sand and cannot accumulate on the surface of the sand of the middle cylinder, and is returned to the filtered water tank 6 from the side surface of the upper cylinder 14 by the inflowing turbid water, and a part thereof is in the upper cylinder 14. stay.

For example, if the sand filtration tank 6 has a diameter of 600 mm and a height of 800 mm, the upper cylinder 14 installed in the center of the water tank 6 has an area corresponding to 3 to 6% of the area of the water tank 6. The diameter is 100 to 150 mm, the height is 20 to 40 cm from the surface layer of the filter sand 8 and the capacity is expected to be 50% gravel filling rate. As described in paragraph 0044, when 800 to 1400 liters of water is taken, the inflowing turbid water flows at a superficial velocity of about 10 to 20 m ³ / m ³ · h, and is suspended in the upper cylinder 14. In the lower cylinder 21, the intermediate cylinder 18 prevents the invasion of coarse turbidity, and the inflowing turbidity is fine particles that become colloids. Because the speed is about 14 in the upper cylinder Turbidity will not stay in precipitation.

  When processing a slurry having a high SS concentration, the upper cylinder 14 is liable to accumulate coarse turbidity, so that the deposit is replaced when the sediment is taken out from the sand filtration tank 6.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the muddy water that has entered the filtration sand 8 is collected in the water guide material 9, and the water in the water guide material 9 wets the filter sand 8 so that compaction does not occur and the water is filtered. It becomes possible to flow in the sand 8, and the fine turbidity in the muddy water precipitates and separates in the water guide material 9 and remains in the water guide material 9, and the turbidity remaining in the water extruded from the water guide material 9 is filtered. It is adsorbed and captured by the sand 8 and drained from the small hole 10 on the lower side surface of the sand filtration tank 6.

  The presence of water in the water guide material 9 prevents the compaction of the filtration sand 8, allows the water to flow horizontally through the filtration sand 8, and reduces the amount of water flow even if the water level of the sand filtration tank 6 decreases. If the water flow to the sand filtration tank 6 is stopped, water from the deposit on the surface of the filter sand 8 is absorbed by the filter sand 8 and can be recovered as a dehydrated deposit. .

If the water load on the sand filtration tank 6 is ³ to 5 m ³ / m ² · day, for example, the diameter is 600 mm, the height is 800 mm, and the capacity is about 200 liters. As shown in FIG. 4, the water amount is operated for one day to obtain 800 to 1400 liters of filtered water, and the filter sand 8 has a water guide material 9. The water guide material 9 prevents the filter sand 8 from entering the outside. Since it is covered with the net 13 and the water guide material 9 is full of water, the water guide material 9 serves as a water retention material to prevent the sand of the filtration sand 8 from being consolidated, and the water can move horizontally. Even when the concentration of muddy water poured into the filtration tank 6 is high, if water can enter from the cylinders 14, 18, and 21 at the center, the water load is not changed and a constant water flow rate is obtained.

  Regardless of the turbid concentration of liquid waste or turbid water, which is a sludge containing a lot of water, such as precipitated sludge from organic wastewater, livestock waste, food residues, and sludge, it can be treated in turbid water and slurry. Most of the SS is separated by sedimentation in the water reservoir on the filtration sand 8 in the sand filtration tank 6 and deposited on the surface layer of the filtration sand 8, and sand compaction is prevented and fluidity is maintained. This is because a coarse turbid component is prevented from entering the filter sand 8 by the intermediate cylinder 18 and only water and fine SS are introduced into the lower cylinder 21.

  If water is passed through the sand filtration tank 6 for a certain period of time, most of the turbidity precipitates and accumulates on the surface of the sand filtration layer 8, but a part of the turbidity settles and accumulates in the water guide material 9 in the filtration sand 8. Then, clogging occurs, and fine turbid components are adsorbed and trapped on the filter sand 8 and the water permeability decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically replace the filter sand 8 and the water guide material 9. .

  The filter sand 8 in which the water guiding material 9 is embedded is taken out from the sand filtration tank 6 to a floor with a water stop around it, and if the washing water is sprinkled, a plastic mesh covered with a polyethylene net in the filter sand 8 The suspended matter deposited and deposited in the water guide material 9 which is a pipe is washed out, and a spherical float 12 made of foamed resin is placed in the water guide material 9 as shown in FIG. As a result, only the floating water conveyance material 9 can be collected. Similarly, the water retention material 19 can also be collected for the water retention material 19 by the above operation.

  The frequency of washing the filtration sand 8 and the water guide material 9 varies depending on the concentration of turbid water to be injected and the stickiness of SS, which is a turbidity, but there is little stickiness such as drudge sludge and precipitated sludge from organic wastewater, In the case of a large amount of muddy water, the sand filtration tank 6 may be washed and collected at a frequency of 5 to 10 days assuming that water is passed daily.

  Solid matter from turbidity and mud deposits and accumulates on the surface layer of the filtration sand 8, and the accumulated solid matter has an inner diameter of, for example, 600 mm when the height is about 20 cm. In this case, assuming that the weight is about 60 liters and the specific gravity is 1.0 kg / L, the weight is about 60 kg. If the moisture content is 80%, the amount of collected sediment is 12 kg.

When the slurry concentration poured into the sand filtration tank 6 is estimated to be 1% (10,000 mg / L) from the SS recovery amount of about 12 kg, the treatment amount of turbid water is 1.2 m ³ , and the sand filtration tank 6 If the height of the water is 0.8 m, the amount of water received in one batch is about 0.2 m ³ , which corresponds to the amount of slurry generated in about 6 batch operations of 0.2 m ^3. When performing daily operation and taking 800 to 1400 liters of water, it is necessary to collect every day.

  Since the amount of solid matter (organic matter) recovered by the sand filtration treatment of concentrated turbid water becomes the recovery limit of the recovery bag 26 in a short time, a plurality of sand filtration tanks 6 are installed and operated.

  The height in which the above-mentioned deposit of about 60 kg is stored in the water tank 6 of the collection bag 26 for carrying out the collection bag 26 by lifting the collection bag 26 from the sand filtration tank 6 is 20 cm or more.

  As shown in FIG. 8, a collection bag 26 sewed with a nonwoven fabric is placed on the filtration sand 8 so as to be in contact with the inner surface of the sand filtration tank 6 and the outer surface of the upper cylinder 14 placed in the center. A steel ring 27 is attached to the end of the bag 26, and a rope 28 is stitched to the side surface of the upper cylinder 14, and a plurality of steel supports 29 attached to the top of the water tank 6 are attached to the steel ring. 27 is suspended and suspended, and the side of the upper cylinder 14 is tied and fixed with a rope 28 at the other end, and turbidity and solid matter are precipitated and deposited in the collection bag 26.

  The solid matter (organic matter) deposited and deposited in the sand filtration tank 6 is stopped by pouring water, draining the residual water in the water tank 6, and then standing in the water tank 6 for about 0.5 days. It is dehydrated and becomes a deposited solid matter (organic matter) having a moisture content of 60 to 80%.

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the sediment precipitated and deposited in the collection bag 26 is carried out from the sand filtration tank 6, the rope 28 that bound the upper cylinder 14 is unwound, and a plurality of steel support members 29 are removed. The rope 28 is lifted by making it difficult for the lifting jig 30.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the collection bag 26 that is lifted and carried out of the sand filtration tank 6 is transported to the molding machine 31, and deposits in the collection bag 26 are put into a hopper 32 of the molding machine 31.

  The molding machine 31 is a screw-type pressing machine, and has a receiving hopper 32 at the top. The molding machine 31 is operated by a prime mover, and the solid (organic matter) compressed from the molding machine 31 that is a screw-type pressing machine is in a rod shape. If it is discharged and cut by the cutting machine 34, it becomes pellets 33. If this is naturally dried or forcedly dried, it can be used as biomass fuel.

  When turbid water such as rivers and ponds is treated and the filtered water is used as domestic water, the filtration treatment is performed in the operation of the single-stage sand filtration tank 6 due to the fluctuation of the SS concentration of raw water and the degree of clay colloid contamination. Since the SS concentration of water fluctuates, if two layers of sand filtration are performed in order to prevent this, filtered water with a turbidity of filtered water of 1 degree or less can be stably obtained, and its water quality Can handle fluctuations.

  As shown in FIG. 11, if SS concentration in the drained treated water is about 5 to 10 mg / L from the small hole 10 on the lower side surface of the filtration water tank 6, the sand filtration is performed in two stages, The first stage is the sand filtration tank 6, and the second stage sand filtration tank 35 below it does not have the water storage section, the upper cylinder 14, and the intermediate cylinder 18 in the first stage sand filtration tank 6. The other structure is the same, and the side surface has a small hole 10 for drainage similarly to the first stage 6, and it is placed under the first stage 6. Since the SS concentration of the waste water from the first stage 6 is a low concentration of about 5 to 10 mg / L, the water flow rate of sand filtration is faster than that of the first stage 6. The waste water from the first stage 6 is drained to the treated water tank 22 without staying in the upper part of the second stage 35.

  Although the performance of the present invention has been confirmed with a turbid water filtration device using clay colloid, there is no commercial example.

  Add water to sludge such as garbage and organic sludge to make a slurry, and collect the deposits on the surface of the filtration sand, confirm the performance of the present invention, and then pelletize and air dry Although the test which investigates the combustion characteristic as biomass fuel is conducted, there is no commercial example.

  In the case of water quality that can be discharged by removing only SS in small-scale factory wastewater, and coagulation tanks, sedimentation tanks, filters, etc. that have been introduced in the treatment of sludge such as lakes and dam lakes A treatment apparatus for sludge treatment or the like introduces only the sand filtration tank of the present invention, thereby eliminating the need for a series of water treatment apparatuses.

  In radioactively contaminated soil, according to various literatures, there is a knowledge that 95% or more of the radioactivity is adsorbed and fixed on clay contained in soil, and these contaminated soils are washed with water and clay colloids are recovered. In this case, the radioactively contaminated soil is a deposit of the sand filtration tank of the present invention, which contributes to a significant volume reduction of the radioactively contaminated soil. Further, if the SS concentration of filtered water is 5 mg / L or less, It can be released into rivers.

  If high-concentration turbid water such as rainwater surface water is directly treated by sand filtration according to the present invention, domestic water can be obtained, and domestic water at the time of disaster can be secured.

  Livestock waste manure, sewage sludge before dehydration, various mud organic waste, etc., alone or mixed, add water and stir to make a slurry, which is treated with the sand filtration device of the present invention. Then, organic matter is recovered, and if this is dried, biomass fuel can be obtained.

  If water is added to the ash after the combustion of biomass fuel and stirred, the stirring is stopped, and the slurry in which the fine ash in the upper layer of the water tank becomes colloid is treated with the sand filtration device of the present invention, the fine ash If only the deposits are collected, they can be used as fertilizers such as plant ash, and the amount of ash after combustion can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stirrer tank 2 ... Stirrer 3 ... Submersible pump 4 ... Manhole 5 ... Bar screen 6 ... Sand filter tank 7 ... Water level gauge 8 ... Filter sand 9 ... · Water guide material 10 ··· Small holes 11 on the side surface ··· A pipe tube 12 for the water guide material · · · A spherical float 13 · · · A polyethylene net 14 for the water guide material · · · an upper cylinder 15 · · · upper stage And lower cylindrical mesh tube 16 ... gravel 17 ... upper and lower cylindrical polyethylene net 18 ... intermediate cylinder 19 ... water retaining material 20 ... water retaining material nonwoven fabric 21 ... Lower cylinder 22 ... treated water tank 23 ... support material 24 ... treated water outlet pipe 25 ... recovery pump 26 ... recovery bag 27 ... steel ring 28 ... rope 29 ... Support material 30 ... Lifting jig 31 ... Molding machine 32 ... Hopper 33 ... Pellet 34 ... cutting machine 35 ... 2-stage sand filter tank of

Claims (3)

An aquarium with an open top and a small hole in the bottom side with filter sand;
A water conveyance material consisting of a mesh tube covered with a net embedded in the filtration sand;
A three-stage cylinder stacked higher than the thickness of the filtration sand from the bottom of the water tank center;
With
A sand filtration device for introducing muddy water into the filtration sand by the cylinders stacked in three stages, and draining it from a small hole on the side surface of the bottom of the water tank,
The cylinders stacked in three stages consist of an upper cylinder, an intermediate cylinder, and a lower cylinder,
The upper and lower cylinders are reticulated pipes that are open at the top and bottom, filled with gravel in a net bag, and the middle cylinder is a cylinder that is open at the top and bottom, with the diameters of the upper and lower cylinders Large, filled with sand and filled with water retention material consisting of a mesh tube covered with non-woven fabric, the lower cylinder is in the filter sand, the middle cylinder is in the filter sand surface layer, and the upper cylinder The sand filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the sand filtration devices are placed in piles.   The sand filtration device according to claim 1, wherein a spherical float is included in a net-like tube of the water guiding material and the water retaining material. A sand filtration method using the sand filtration device according to claim 1 and a collection bag for collecting deposits on the filtration sand,
The collection bag is a bag sewn with a nonwoven fabric, and is placed on the filtration sand so as to contact the inner surface of the sand filtration tank and the outer surface of the upper cylinder in the center of the water tank,
At the end of the collection bag, a steel ring and rope are sewn,
A steel ring is hung on a support attached to the top of the aquarium, and the rope is fixed by tying the side of the upper cylinder,
When collecting sediment deposited and accumulated in the collection bag, the rope that tied the upper cylinder is released, the steel ring is lifted, and the sediment is collected from the water tank. Filtration treatment method.

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