JP2014042403A - Charging device, solar system, electrical system, and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively transmit power generated by a solar cell, to a secondary cell.SOLUTION: An on-vehicle solar system 100 is provided for charging a secondary cell 111 with power from a solar cell module 101. The on-vehicle solar system 100 has: a capacitor 102 that accumulates the power from the solar cell module 101 and outputs the accumulated power to the secondary cell 111; and a maximum power point tracking module for a solar cell.

Description

  The present invention relates to a charging device, a solar system, an electric system, and a vehicle for charging a secondary battery with electric energy from a solar battery.

  In recent years, from the viewpoint of solving energy-related problems, the use of renewable energy such as wind power and sunlight has been actively studied. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an automobile power supply system using a solar cell module. The power supply system for automobile supplies power from a solar battery module to a load via a storage battery (secondary battery) and a control circuit. Thereby, the fall of the fuel consumption by supplying the electric power from a generator (alternator) to a load can be suppressed.

JP-A-6-98477 (published April 8, 1994)

  However, since the installation area of the on-vehicle solar cell module is limited to the dimensions of the vehicle, the output electric power (electric energy per unit time) is also limited. In addition, while charging the power generated by the solar cell module to the secondary battery, a circuit related to charging such as an in-vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a converter, and the like is operating. Therefore, a considerable portion of the power generated by the solar cell module is consumed to operate the circuit, and the ratio of the power charged in the secondary battery to the generated power is significantly reduced. .

For example, when the solar cell area of the solar cell module is 1 m ² and the conversion efficiency is 20%, the rated output of the solar cell module is 200 W. On the other hand, the power consumption of the circuit related to the charging reaches several tens of watts.

  This invention is made | formed in view of said problem, The objective is to supply the electric power which the solar cell produced | generated to a secondary battery efficiently.

  A charging device according to the present invention is a charging device for charging electric energy from a solar battery to a secondary battery, and in order to solve the above problems, the electric energy from the solar battery is accumulated and accumulated. A capacitor for outputting electric energy to the secondary battery is provided.

  According to the above configuration, the capacitor capable of charging and discharging with a large current accumulates electric energy (electric power) generated by the solar cell, supplies the accumulated electric energy to the secondary battery with a large current, and The secondary battery can be charged. That is, the secondary battery can be charged intermittently. As a result, the circuit related to charging only needs to be operated intermittently, so that the power consumption of the circuit related to charging can be reduced as compared with the prior art in which the circuit related to charging is continuously operated. As a result, the electric power generated by the solar cell can be efficiently supplied to the secondary battery.

  The secondary battery may be, for example, a secondary battery for small output for operating on-vehicle auxiliary equipment and electrical components, or for example, a secondary battery for high output for operating an on-vehicle electric motor. A secondary battery may be used.

  The charging device according to the present invention further includes a maximum power point tracking module for the solar cell, and electrical energy from the solar cell is preferably supplied to the capacitor via the maximum power point tracking module. .

  Here, the maximum power point tracking module (hereinafter referred to as MPPT module) is a control device that can automatically follow the maximum power point, which is an optimal combination of current and voltage that can maximize the output. That is.

  Since the MPPT module can efficiently supply the power generated by the solar battery to the capacitor, the power generated by the solar battery can be supplied to the secondary battery more efficiently.

  The charging device according to the present invention further includes a converter that converts an output voltage from the capacitor into a predetermined voltage, and electrical energy from the capacitor is output to the secondary battery via the converter. Is preferred.

  If the electric energy from the capacitor continues to be output to the secondary battery, the voltage of the capacitor decreases. Even in this case, since the secondary battery is applied at a predetermined voltage by the converter, the electric energy from the capacitor can be continuously output to the secondary battery. Therefore, the capacitor can increase the amount of electric power (electric energy) per output, and as a result, can have a smaller capacity than the case where the converter is not provided.

  In addition, if it is a solar system characterized by comprising a solar cell and a charging device for charging electric energy from the solar cell to a secondary battery, the charging device having the above-described configuration, the same as described above The effect of can be produced.

  In the solar system according to the present invention, the solar cell is preferably a solar cell module including at least one series-parallel connection unit in which a plurality of parallel connection units in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in parallel are connected in series.

  In this case, even if the plurality of solar cells constituting the parallel connection unit are not output from some of the solar cells due to shade, dirt on the surface, and attached matter, the remaining solar cells connected in parallel Therefore, it is possible to prevent the output from the configuration from becoming zero. Therefore, a series-parallel connection unit in which a plurality of the above-mentioned parallel connection units are connected in series can increase the output, but even if it is not output from some of the solar cells due to shade, dirt on the surface, and attached matter. The output can be prevented from becoming zero.

  In the solar system according to the present invention, the solar cells are arranged in a matrix, and for each of the parallel connection units, the plurality of solar cells constituting the parallel connection unit are all on the same straight line. It is preferable that they are arranged so as not to line up.

  In this case, even if the solar cell module is shaded in a specific direction, the plurality of solar cells constituting the parallel connection unit are not arranged on the same straight line. Therefore, it is possible to prevent everything from being shaded. Thereby, it can prevent that the output from the said parallel connection unit becomes zero. Therefore, a series-parallel connection unit in which a plurality of the above-mentioned parallel connection units are connected in series can increase the output. Can be prevented.

  In addition, if it is an electrical system provided with the solar system of the said structure and the secondary battery with which the electrical energy from this solar system is charged, there can exist an effect similar to the above-mentioned.

  The electric system according to the present invention may further include a power supply line for supplying electric energy from the solar system to the secondary battery, and a load connected to the power supply line. In this case, the electric energy from the solar system can be supplied to the secondary battery and directly to a load such as various on-vehicle auxiliary devices and electrical components. Thereby, the load can be directly operated. In this case, since the electric energy for operating the load is not charged in the secondary battery, there is no charge / discharge loss due to the secondary battery. Therefore, the electric power generated by the solar cell can be efficiently supplied to the load.

  In addition, if it is a vehicle characterized by providing the electric system of the said structure, there can exist an effect similar to the above-mentioned. The vehicle includes an automobile, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a rear car, and the like.

  As described above, the charging device according to the present invention can intermittently charge the secondary battery with the electric energy generated by the solar battery by providing the capacitor, so that the circuit consumption related to the charging is consumed. Electric power can be reduced. As a result, the electric power generated by the solar cell can be efficiently supplied to the secondary battery.

1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an in-vehicle electric system mounted on an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the vehicle-mounted electric system mounted in the motor vehicle which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows an example of the solar cell module in the said vehicle-mounted electrical system. It is a circuit diagram which shows the other example of the said solar cell module. It is a top view which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of the photovoltaic cell in the said solar cell module. It is a top view which shows the other example of arrangement | positioning of the photovoltaic cell in the said solar cell module.

[Embodiment 1]
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an in-vehicle electric system 1 mounted on an automobile according to the present embodiment.

(Outline of in-vehicle solar system)
As shown in FIG. 1, the in-vehicle solar system 100 in the in-vehicle electric system 1 includes a solar cell module 101, a capacitor 102, a terminal 103, an MPPT module 104, and a converter 105.

  The solar cell module 101 is composed of one or a plurality of solar cells, and converts solar energy into electric power. The solar cell module 101 supplies the generated power to the MPPT module 104.

  The MPPT module 104 automatically follows the optimum operating point so that the maximum power can be extracted from the solar cell module 101. Further, the MPPT module 104 converts the electric power from the solar cell module 101 into an appropriate voltage and supplies it to the capacitor 102.

  Further, the MPPT module 104 monitors the voltage of the capacitor 102, and determines whether or not the fully charged state in which the amount of electricity stored in the capacitor 102 has reached the allowable amount of the capacitor 102 from the voltage of the capacitor 102. to decide. When the MPPT module 104 determines that the capacitor 102 is fully charged, the MPPT module 104 stops supplying power to the capacitor 102.

  The capacitor 102 temporarily stores the power supplied from the solar cell module 101 via the MPPT module 104. Capacitor 102 supplies the stored power to converter 105.

  The converter 105 converts the voltage (DC voltage) of the DC current supplied from the capacitor 102 into a predetermined voltage (steps up or down) and outputs it to the terminal 103. The terminal 103 is connected to a secondary battery 111 and a load 112 such as an auxiliary device or electrical equipment.

  The MPPT module 104, the capacitor 102, the converter 105, and the terminal 103 constitute a charging device for supplying electric energy from the solar cell module 101 to the secondary battery 111.

(Details of in-vehicle solar system)
Next, the detail of each structure of the vehicle-mounted solar system 100 is demonstrated.

Examples of solar cells constituting the solar cell module 101 include a silicon single crystal cell, a silicon polycrystalline cell, an amorphous silicon cell, a compound semiconductor cell (GaAs-based, InGaAs-based, CIS (Cu In Se-based), etc.), organic A thin film solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell, etc. can be used. The rated power generation amount of the solar cell module 101 can be set to, for example, 50 W to 1 kW. Cell region of the solar cell module 101 corresponding to the rated power generation amount, for example, when using a silicon solar cell conversion efficiency of 20%, a 0.25m ² ~5m ^2.

  The output voltage of the solar cell module 101 can be set to 2.5V to 100V, for example. In addition, when the voltage of the secondary battery 111 is 12V, it is preferable to set it as 5V-20V close | similar to this.

  The solar cell module 101 is most preferably installed on the roof of the automobile. However, the solar cell module 101 may be divided into a hood and a door.

  The MPPT module 104 automatically follows the optimum operating point in order to efficiently transmit the power generated by the solar cell module 101. The MPPT module 104 also has a built-in converter function for converting a DC voltage in order to apply an appropriate voltage to the capacitor 102.

  Note that the MPPT module 104 is not necessarily required if the output voltage of the solar cell module 101 is set so as not to apply an excessive voltage to the capacitor 102. In this case, a backflow prevention circuit such as a diode may be provided instead of the MPPT module 104.

  As the capacitor 102, a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor can be used. The rated voltage of the capacitor 102 can be set to 2.5V to 100V. In addition, when the voltage of the secondary battery 111 is 12V, it is preferable to set it as 5V-20V close | similar to this.

  The capacity of the capacitor 102 can be set to 50F to 1000F, for example, when the rated voltage of the capacitor 102 is 15V. When capacitors with a rated voltage of 2.5V are connected in series and the rated voltage is set to 15V, six capacitors of 300F to 6000F may be connected in series.

  As described above, the converter 105 boosts or steps down the DC voltage from the capacitor 102 to a predetermined voltage. Although the output voltage of the capacitor 102 varies depending on the amount of accumulated charge, the converter 105 can output a predetermined voltage. The output voltage of converter 105 is preferably about 14.5 V when the voltage of secondary battery 111 is a lead storage battery of 12 V.

  The input / output power of converter 105 is set to be sufficiently larger than the rated output of solar cell module 101. Preferably, it is set to 2 to 100 times the rated output of the solar cell module 101. For example, when the rated output of the solar cell module 101 is 200 W, the input / output power of the converter 105 can be 1.5 kW.

  In the present embodiment, the converter 105 uses the power supplied from the capacitor 102 when the capacitor 102 is fully charged and it is necessary to supply power to at least one of the secondary battery 111 and the load 112. The voltage is converted (step-up or step-down) and output to the terminal 103. On the other hand, when capacitor 102 is being charged or when it is not necessary to supply power to secondary battery 111 and load 112, converter 105 stops the conversion of the voltage and the output to terminal 103. At this time, the converter 105 hardly consumes power. Furthermore, when the vehicle is parked, it is not necessary to start an in-vehicle ECU in order to control the converter 105.

  Whether the capacitor 102 is being charged or fully charged can be determined by the converter 105 monitoring the voltage of the capacitor 102. Further, whether or not it is necessary to supply power to the secondary battery 111 can be determined by the converter 105 directly monitoring the voltage of the secondary battery 111, or from a control device such as an in-vehicle ECU. This can be done based on the instructions. Further, whether or not it is necessary to supply power to the load 112 can be determined based on an instruction from the control device.

  Terminal 103 is provided to supply power from capacitor 102 to secondary battery 111 and load 112. This terminal 103 defines the boundary between the vehicle-mounted solar system 100 and the outside. Therefore, the vehicle-mounted solar system 100 may be removable at the terminal 103 or may not be removable. Further, the terminal 103 may have a clear shape as a terminal or may not have a clear shape. Further, converter 105 (capacitor 102 when converter 105 is omitted), secondary battery 111 and load 112 may be directly connected via a power line. In this case, any part of the power supply line becomes the terminal 103.

(Other configurations)
In the present embodiment, the in-vehicle solar system 100 is used to charge the secondary battery 111, but may further be used to operate the load 112.

  Moreover, as for the secondary battery 111 connected to the terminal 103 of the vehicle-mounted solar system 100, the current mainstream is to use a 12V lead-acid battery. However, other voltage lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc. There may be.

  The load 112 connected to the terminal 103 of the vehicle-mounted solar system 100 may be various auxiliary devices and electrical components. Here, examples of auxiliary equipment and electrical equipment include starters, ignition systems (in the case of gasoline vehicles), headlights, brake lights, direction indicators, ECUs, blower fans, electric air conditioners (air conditioners), stereos, navigation Etc.

  When the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, or an electric vehicle, the vehicle is further provided with a high voltage secondary battery 113 and a converter 114 as shown in FIG.

  Here, the electric vehicle is a vehicle that runs on an electric motor and a battery. A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that travels by combining two or more power sources, such as an engine and an electric motor. Further, the plug-in hybrid vehicle is a kind of hybrid vehicle, and is a vehicle equipped with a system capable of charging a secondary battery for an electric motor mounted on the vehicle from an external power source.

  The high-voltage secondary battery 113 is used to drive the electric motor, the electric air conditioner, and the like. Converter 114 steps down the voltage of power from high-voltage secondary battery 113, charges secondary battery 111, and supplies power for driving load 112.

  As described above, the in-vehicle solar system 100 according to the present embodiment converts solar energy into electric power and charges the in-vehicle secondary battery 111 with the electric power, and converts the solar energy into electric power. The battery module 101 includes a capacitor 102 that stores electric power supplied from the solar cell module 101, and a terminal 103 that supplies electric power from the capacitor 102 to the secondary battery 111 and the load 112.

  According to the above configuration, the power generated by the solar cell module 101 is once charged in the capacitor 102 that can be charged and discharged with a large current, and then supplied from the capacitor 102 to the secondary battery 111 with a large current through the terminal 103. Thus, the secondary battery 111 can be charged. That is, the secondary battery 111 can be charged intermittently. Accordingly, since a circuit related to charging, such as a converter necessary for charging the secondary battery 111 and an ECU (not shown) of the automobile, may be operated intermittently, the circuit related to charging is continuously provided. Compared with the prior art that has been operated, the power consumption of the circuit relating to the charging can be reduced. Therefore, the electric power generated by the solar cell module 101 can be efficiently supplied to the secondary battery 111. As a result, the fuel consumption (fuel consumption) or power consumption (power consumption) of the automobile can be improved.

  This effect is particularly remarkable when the sunlight is weak or the installation area is small and the output of the solar cell module 101 is small. For example, when the output of the solar cell module 101 is 50 W, the power consumption of the converter 105 is 30 W, and the generated power is supplied to the secondary battery 111 as it is, 60% of the output of the solar cell module 101 is consumed by the converter 105. It will be lost as electric power. However, if 1.5 kW of power is supplied from the capacitor 102 to the secondary battery 111, the loss due to the power consumption of the converter 105 is 2%.

  In the present embodiment, an MPPT module 104 having a maximum power point tracking function is provided between the solar cell module 101 and the capacitor 102. Thereby, since the electric power generated by the solar cell module 101 can be efficiently supplied to the capacitor 102, the electric power generated by the solar cell module 101 can be supplied to the secondary battery 111 more efficiently. As a result, it is possible to further improve the fuel consumption or power consumption of the automobile.

  In the present embodiment, a converter that converts a voltage is provided between the capacitor 102 and the terminal 103. As a result, even if the voltage from the capacitor 102 decreases due to the discharge from the capacitor 102, the in-vehicle solar system 100 applies the secondary battery 111 at a predetermined voltage by the converter 105, so that the power from the capacitor 102 is secondary The output to the battery 111 can be continued. Therefore, the capacitor 102 can increase the amount of electric power per output, and as a result, can have a smaller capacity than the case where the converter 105 is not provided.

(Operation example)
Hereinafter, an operation example of the vehicle-mounted solar system 100 will be described.

  Here, as an example, the rated voltage of the solar cell module 101 is 10 V, the rated power generation amount is 200 W, the rated voltage of the capacitor 102 is 15 V, and the capacitance is 200 F.

  The on-vehicle solar cell module 101 converts solar energy into electric power, and charges the capacitor 102 via the MPPT module 104. The MPPT module 104 automatically follows the optimum operating point in order to efficiently supply the power generated by the solar cell module 101. In addition, the MPPT module 104 boosts the voltage of the power received from the solar cell module 101 to 15 V and charges the capacitor 102.

  Note that since the voltage of the capacitor 102 increases with the accumulation of electric charges, the charging efficiency can be further improved by changing the output voltage of the MPPT module 104 in accordance with the voltage of the capacitor 102.

  The time from when the capacitor 102 is not charged to the fully charged state is 225 seconds when the solar cell module 101 is outputting as rated. Furthermore, when the output voltage of the MPPT module 104 is changed in accordance with the voltage of the capacitor 102, it is 112.5 seconds.

  The secondary battery 111 is charged by the electric power stored in the capacitor 102. In addition, the load 112 which is various auxiliary devices and electrical components may be fed to operate. The maximum power stored in the capacitor 102 is 22.5 kWs when the voltage is 15 V and the capacitance is 200 F.

  The electric power stored in the capacitor 102 is converted to, for example, 12 V by the converter 105, and the secondary battery 111 is charged with, for example, 1.5 kW electric power (that is, 125 A current). In this case, all the electric power stored in the capacitor 102 moves to the secondary battery 111 in 15 seconds, and the converter 105 stops. In other words, the converter 105 does not need to be constantly operated, and only needs to be operated for 15 seconds in the charge / discharge cycle of the capacitor 102.

  In this operation example, the in-vehicle solar system 100 directly supplies power to the load 112 which is various auxiliary devices and electrical components in addition to charging the secondary battery 111. In this case, the power supplied from the in-vehicle solar system 100 is not charged to the load 112 after the secondary battery 111 is once charged, so there is no charge / discharge loss due to the secondary battery 111. Therefore, the fuel consumption or power consumption of the automobile is further improved.

[Embodiment 2]
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the in-vehicle electric system in the automobile according to the present embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the structure which has the function similar to the structure demonstrated in the said embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The in-vehicle electric system 2 of the present embodiment is different from the in-vehicle electric system 1 shown in FIG. 1 in that an in-vehicle solar system 200 is provided instead of the in-vehicle solar system 100, and the other configurations are the same. The in-vehicle solar system 200 of the present embodiment is different from the in-vehicle solar system 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that a converter 205 and a terminal 203 are provided instead of the converter 105 and the terminal 103, respectively. It is the same.

  The connection destination of the terminal 203 in this embodiment is changed from the secondary battery 111 to the high-voltage secondary battery 113 as compared to the terminal 103 shown in FIG. For this reason, the converter 205 in this embodiment is boosted from the voltage for charging the secondary battery 111 to the voltage for charging the high-voltage secondary battery 113 as compared to the converter 105 shown in FIG.

(Operation example)
Hereinafter, an operation example of the in-vehicle solar system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 will be described. In addition, it is the same as that of the vehicle-mounted solar system 100 shown in FIG. 1 until the electric power generated in the solar cell module 101 is charged into the capacitor 102 via the MPPT module 104.

  The high voltage secondary battery 113 is charged by the electric power stored in the capacitor 102. The maximum power stored in the capacitor 102 is 22.5 kWs when the voltage is 15 V and the capacitance is 200 F.

  The electric power stored in the capacitor 102 is converted to, for example, 300 V by the converter 205, and the high-voltage secondary battery 113 is charged with, for example, 1.5 kW electric power (that is, 5 A current). In this case, all the electric power stored in the capacitor 102 moves to the high voltage secondary battery 113 in 15 seconds, and the converter 205 stops. In other words, the converter 205 does not need to be constantly operated, and only needs to be operated for 15 seconds in the charge / discharge cycle of the capacitor 102.

(Circuit example of solar cell module)
In addition, various things can be considered as a circuit and arrangement | positioning of the photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic module 101 of the said embodiment.

  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the solar cell module 10 which is an example of the solar cell module 101. The illustrated diode symbol indicates one solar battery cell 11. The illustrated solar cell module 10 has a configuration in which a plurality (24 in the illustrated example) of solar cells 11 are connected in series. When the solar battery cell 11 is a silicon solar battery, the output voltage is about 12V. The output voltage can be changed by changing the number of solar cells 11.

  In the example of the solar cell module 10 illustrated in FIG. 3, when no sunlight is incident on one solar cell 11, the solar cell module 10 is not affected even if sunlight is incident on all other solar cells 11. The output will be zero. Even when the intensity of sunlight incident on one solar battery cell 11 is reduced, the current that can be passed through the solar battery cell 11 is limited, and thus the output of the solar battery module 10 is significantly reduced. Such a situation may occur due to partial shade, dirt on the surface of the solar battery cell 11 and adhesion of foreign matter.

  An example of a solar cell module that avoids such problems is shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a solar cell module 20 which is another example of the solar cell module 101. The illustrated solar cell module 20 includes a plurality (eight in the illustrated example) of parallel connection units in which a plurality (eight in the illustrated example) of the solar cells 11 are connected in parallel. This is a configuration of a series-parallel connection unit in which R8 is connected in series.

  In the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG. 4, even when no sunlight is incident on one solar cell 11, the other seven solar cells 11 belonging to the same parallel connection unit can pass current. Therefore, the output need only be reduced to 7/8 of the ideal state. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the output of the solar cell module due to the partial shade.

  In addition, in the example of FIG. 4, although the structure connected in series and parallel by the 8 * 8 photovoltaic cell 11 is shown, the number of parallel connections and the number of series connections are not this limitation. Further, a larger-scale solar cell module 101 may be formed by connecting a plurality of configurations shown in FIG. 4 in parallel or in series.

(Solar cell module arrangement example)
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of the arrangement of the solar battery cells 11 in the solar battery module 20 having the configuration shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the solar cells 11 are square and are arranged in an 8 × 8 matrix. In FIG. 5, the eight solar cells 11 constituting the parallel connection unit R1 shown in FIG. 4 are indicated by the number 1, the eight solar cells 11 constituting the parallel connection unit R2 are indicated by the number 2, The same applies hereinafter. Moreover, in FIG. 5, the rectangular shadow A * B * C is shown with the broken line as an example of a partial shade.

  When the shadow A is formed on the solar cell module 20 illustrated in FIG. 5, only one of the eight solar cells 11 is shaded in each of the parallel connection units R <b> 1 to R <b> 8. Accordingly, the output of the solar cell module 20 only needs to be reduced to 7/8 of the ideal state. The same applies when the shadow B is formed on the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, when the shadow C is formed on the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG. 5, all the eight solar cells 11 constituting the parallel connection unit R1 are shaded. For this reason, the output of the solar cell module 20 will be zero. As described above, with respect to each of the parallel connection units R1 to R8, in the arrangement in which all the solar cells constituting the parallel connection unit are arranged on the same straight line, the solar battery module 20 against the shadow extending long in the straight direction. Output will be significantly smaller.

  An example of a solar cell module that avoids such problems is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing another example of the arrangement of the solar battery cells 11 in the solar battery module 20 having the configuration shown in FIG. Compared to the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG. 5, the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG. 6 has all of the solar cells 11 constituting the parallel connection unit aligned in a straight line for each of the parallel connection units R1 to R8. The solar battery cell 11 is arrange | positioned so that it may not happen. In FIG. 6, rectangular shadows D, E, and F are indicated by broken lines as an example of partial shade.

  When the shadow D is formed on the solar cell module 20 illustrated in FIG. 6, only one of the eight solar cells 11 is shaded in each of the parallel connection units R <b> 1 to R <b> 8. Accordingly, the output of the solar cell module 20 only needs to be reduced to 7/8 of the ideal state. The same applies when the shadow F is formed on the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, when the shadow E is formed on the solar cell module 20 shown in FIG. 6, each of the four parallel connection units R1, R3, R5, and R7 is only two of the eight solar cells 11. Becomes a shadow. Accordingly, the output of the solar cell module 20 only needs to be reduced to 6/8 of the ideal state.

  As described above, in the arrangement example of the solar battery cells 11 shown in FIG. 6, the output of the solar battery module 20 is significantly reduced with respect to the shadow extending long in a specific direction as compared with the arrangement example of the solar battery cells 11 shown in FIG. 5. Can be prevented.

  That is, by arranging so that all the solar cells 11 constituting the parallel connection unit do not line up in a straight line, the output of the solar cell module 20 is greatly reduced with respect to partial shade extending in a specific direction. Can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to more efficiently prevent the output of the solar cell module 20 from being reduced when there is dirt or deposits on the surface of the solar cell 11.

  Note that the arrangement of the solar cells 11 shown in FIG. 6 is merely an example, and any arrangement in which all the solar cells 11 constituting the parallel connection unit are not arranged in a straight line can be selected.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope shown in the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining technical means disclosed in different embodiments. Is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the in-vehicle electric systems 1 and 2 mounted on an automobile. However, the present invention can be applied to an in-vehicle electric system mounted on a motorcycle, a bicycle, and a rear car. . Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to any electric system that charges a secondary battery with electric energy generated by a solar battery, such as a mobile phone equipped with a solar battery and a photovoltaic power generation facility.

  As described above, the charging device according to the present invention includes the capacitor, so that the secondary battery can be intermittently charged with the electric energy generated by the solar cell, and the electric power generated by the solar cell. Can be efficiently supplied to the secondary battery, and therefore the present invention can be applied to any charging device that charges the secondary battery with the electric energy generated by the solar battery.

1.2 In-vehicle electrical system 10/20 Solar cell module 11 Solar cell 100/200 In-vehicle solar system 101 Solar cell module 102 Capacitor 103/203 Terminal 104 MPPT module 105/205 Converter 111 Secondary battery 112 Load 113 High voltage secondary battery 114 converter

Claims (9)

A charging device for charging a secondary battery with electric energy from a solar battery,
A charging device comprising: a capacitor that accumulates electric energy from the solar cell and outputs the accumulated electric energy to the secondary battery. Further comprising a maximum power point tracking module for the solar cell;
The charging device according to claim 1, wherein electric energy from the solar cell is supplied to the capacitor via the maximum power point tracking module. A converter for converting the output voltage from the capacitor into a predetermined voltage;
3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein electrical energy from the capacitor is output to the secondary battery via the converter. Solar cells,
A solar system comprising: a charging device for charging electrical energy from the solar cell to a secondary battery; and the charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The solar cell according to claim 4, wherein the solar cell is a solar cell module including at least one series-parallel connection unit in which a plurality of parallel connection units in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in parallel are connected in series. system. The solar cells are arranged in a matrix,
The solar cell according to claim 5, wherein, for each of the parallel connection units, the plurality of solar cells constituting the parallel connection unit are arranged so as not to be aligned on the same straight line. system. A solar system according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
An electrical system comprising: a secondary battery charged with electrical energy from the solar system. A power line for supplying electrical energy from the solar system to the secondary battery;
The electric system according to claim 7, further comprising a load connected to the power supply line.   A vehicle comprising the electrical system according to claim 7 or 8.

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