JP2014037896A - Boiler system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a boiler system that more efficiently pulverizes biomass, allows the biomass to be easily combusted and can enhance utilization efficiency of a boiler.SOLUTION: The boiler system includes: a boiler body for combusting fuel; an economizer disposed in a path of an exhaust gas exhausted from the boiler body; an air heater disposed downstream from the economizer in the path of the exhaust gas; and a biomass supply unit for supplying biomass as fuel to the boiler body. The biomass supply unit comprises: pulverization means for pulverizing the biomass; a preprocessing unit for supplying the biomass to the pulverization means; and heating means that causes a part of the exhaust gas flowing between the economizer and the air heater to branch off and heats the biomass by performing heat exchange between a branched branch exhaust gas and the biomass present in at least one of the pulverization means and the preprocessing unit.

Description

  The present invention relates to a boiler system using biomass as fuel.

In recent years, CO ₂ emission reduction has been promoted from the viewpoint of global warming. In particular, fossil fuels such as coal and heavy oil are often used as fuel in combustion facilities such as power generation boilers, but these fossil fuels cause global warming due to the problem of CO ₂ emissions, and protect the global environment. Its use is being regulated from the viewpoint of In addition, from the viewpoint of depletion of fossil fuels, the development and commercialization of alternative energy resources are required. Therefore, as an alternative to fossil fuels, the use of fuel using biomass has been promoted. Biomass is an organic substance resulting from photosynthesis, and includes biomass such as wood, vegetation, crops, and moss. By converting this biomass into a fuel, the biomass can be effectively used as an energy source or an industrial raw material.

  From the viewpoint of highly efficient use of biomass, which is renewable energy, biomass is used as a fuel. One of the methods used as fuel is a method in which biomass solids are pulverized and pulverized and supplied to a pulverized coal-fired boiler for use as fuel. This is known as a single pulverization method in which coal and biomass are separately pulverized, and a mixed pulverization method in which coal and biomass are mixed and then pulverized. In any method, a biomass pulverization apparatus for pulverizing biomass solids is required. However, when an existing mill used in a conventional coal-fired boiler is used, due to capacity limitations of the existing mill, The mixed firing rate remained at about 5 cal% at the maximum. In addition, as described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, there are some which are used as fuel after carbonizing biomass.

  Patent Document 1 describes an apparatus for carbonizing woody biomass using waste heat from a waste incinerator. Patent Document 1 describes that carbonization is generally performed at 400 ° C. to 700 ° C., and describes that carbonization is performed in a range of about 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. as an example of carbonization conditions. . Patent Document 2 discloses a thermal decomposition in which an oxygen-containing gas is introduced to burn a part of carbide in a shaft-type pyrolysis furnace that carbonizes biomass into a pyrolysis gas and is discharged from the top of the furnace. An apparatus for controlling the temperature of the gas and pyrolysis tar from 300 to 600 ° C. is described. Further, in Patent Document 2, a pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis tar discharged from the top of the furnace are supplied to a shaft-type pyrolysis furnace for carbonizing biomass by supplying a pyrolysis gas generated at 1000 to 1200 ° C. outside the furnace. An apparatus is described which controls the temperature of 300 to 600 ° C.

JP 2007-91889 A Japanese Patent No. 4855539

  However, when the woody biomass raw material is pulverized using a conventional coal pulverizer, there are the following problems. Woody biomass, especially chips, have a smaller specific gravity than coal, and when pulverized by a roller mill, the amount of pulverization decreases because it is difficult to bite between the roller and the table inside the mill. Moreover, there is a problem that woody biomass is compressible and is not easily pulverized because the pressure is not transmitted when pulverized by being bitten into a table liner. Further, the woody biomass raw material has a high moisture content and is fibrous, so that when it is sandwiched between a roller and a table liner and crushed, the pulverized fine powder is entangled with each other and is difficult to separate. For this reason, even if it grind | pulverizes with a coal mill of a prior art, since the grind | pulverized coarse particle and fine powder are hard to move, it is excessively grind | pulverized and a grinding | pulverization amount falls significantly with respect to coal grinding | pulverization, and power consumption increases. Even if it is mixed and ground with coal, generally 5% is the mixing limit of woody biomass. If the mixing and grinding rate is increased further, the particle size of the fine powder is lowered and the combustion efficiency in the boiler is deteriorated. Further, since the mill power increases, it is necessary to operate with a reduced mill capacity.

  On the other hand, like patent document 1 and patent document 2, by carbonizing biomass, it can embrittle and can make it easy to grind | pulverize. However, there is room for improvement in terms of the amount of heat of the biomass after carbonization and the efficiency of the boiler.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a boiler system that can pulverize biomass more efficiently, facilitate combustion, and increase boiler utilization efficiency. It is in.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides a boiler main body for burning fuel, a economizer disposed in a path for exhaust gas discharged from the boiler body, and a path for the exhaust gas. An air heater disposed downstream of the economizer, and a biomass supply unit that supplies biomass as the fuel to the boiler body, the biomass supply unit, pulverizing means for pulverizing the biomass; A pretreatment unit for supplying the biomass to the pulverizing means, a part of the exhaust gas flowing between the economizer and the air heater, the branched branched exhaust gas, and the pulverizing means and the pretreatment unit And heating means for heating the biomass by exchanging heat with the biomass in at least one.

  Here, the pretreatment unit includes a biomass storage tank that stores biomass, a pre-storage supply unit that supplies the biomass to the biomass storage tank, and a storage that supplies the biomass stored in the biomass storage tank to the pulverization unit And a post-supply unit, wherein the heating unit heats the biomass in any of the pre-storage supply unit, the biomass storage tank, and the post-storage supply unit.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said heating means heats the biomass conveyed toward the said crushing means by the said supply means after the storage.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said pre-processing unit is provided with the cooling means which cools the said heated biomass conveyed by the said supply means after a storage.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said pre-processing unit arrange | positions the said grinding | pulverization means adjacent to the terminal of the area | region where the said heating means heats the said biomass.

  In addition, the heating means includes a cover portion that covers an outer periphery of a biomass transport path, and a heating source that supplies the branched exhaust gas to the cover portion, and the branched exhaust gas is supplied into the cover portion by the heating source. It is preferable to heat the biomass by supplying it.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said heating means flows the said branch waste gas in the direction opposite to the conveyance direction of the said biomass.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said heating means indirectly heats the area | region including the area | region where the said biomass is stored with the said branch waste gas.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said grinding | pulverization means is a mechanism which grind | pulverizes, conveying the said biomass from one direction to another direction, and the said heating means heats the biomass grind | pulverized by the said grinding | pulverization means.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said grinding | pulverization means is further supplied with coal, grind | pulverizes the said coal and the said biomass, and supplies it to the said boiler main body.

  In addition, the heating means supplies a temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the branched exhaust gas to be guided and a temperature adjustment exhaust gas that is branched downstream of the branch exhaust gas in the distribution path of the exhaust gas. It is preferable to further include a temperature adjustment mechanism and a control unit that adjusts the amount of the temperature adjustment exhaust gas supplied to the branched exhaust gas by the temperature adjustment mechanism based on the detection result of the temperature detection unit.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the temperature at the position where the branched exhaust gas is branched from between the economizer and the air heater is 250 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said heating means heats the said biomass to 250 degreeC or more and 400 degrees C or less.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said heating means supplies the air discharged | emitted from the area | region which is heating the said biomass to the said boiler main body.

  In the present invention, the biomass is heated to a state where the biomass is easily pulverized by heating the biomass using the branched exhaust gas that is a part of the exhaust gas flowing between the economizer and the air heater among the exhaust gas discharged from the boiler. Can be carbonized, biomass can be easily pulverized more efficiently, and can be easily burned. Moreover, there exists an effect that it can carbonize, suppressing the reduction of the calorie | heat amount of biomass by using branch waste gas. Moreover, since the branched exhaust gas is used, there is an effect that the heat exhausted from the boiler can be efficiently used.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a power generation system. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a part of the schematic configuration of the preprocessing unit. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of biomass and the ratio of each component. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the grinding power ratio and the grinding time to a predetermined particle size. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the pretreatment unit. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the pretreatment unit. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the pretreatment unit. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the pretreatment unit. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a part of another embodiment of the preprocessing unit. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the power generation system. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the power generation system. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the power generation system.

  Exemplary embodiments of a boiler system according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this embodiment. The boiler system which concerns on this invention can be used for the various boiler systems which use biomass as a fuel supplied to a boiler. The boiler system which concerns on this invention can be used for the hot-water supply system which heats water with the heat generated with the boiler, and supplies hot water, for example. The boiler system according to the present invention can also be used in a drive system that converts heat generated in the boiler into mechanical energy, that is, drive force.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a power generation system. A power generation system 10 shown in FIG. 1 uses a fine powder obtained by pulverizing biomass and a fossil fuel such as coal or oil as a fuel for combustion, collects heat generated by the combustion, and generates electricity using the recovered heat. It is a power generation system that can.

  A power generation system 10 shown in FIG. 1 is supplied from a biomass supply device 11 that supplies biomass, a fossil fuel supply device 12 that supplies fossil fuel, and biomass supplied from the biomass supply device 11 and fossil fuel supply device 12. It has the boiler 30 which collect | recovers the heat which generate | occur | produced by burning a fossil fuel, and the electric power generating apparatus 60 which produces electric power using the heat generated with the boiler 30. In the power generation system 10 of the present embodiment, a part of the mechanism is used for both the biomass supply device 11 and the fossil fuel supply device 12. Specifically, in the power generation system 10, some mechanisms mix and process biomass and fossil fuel, and supply the boiler 30 in a mixed state with biomass and fossil fuel.

  Here, biomass is defined as organic resources derived from renewable organisms, excluding fossil resources. For example, thinned wood, waste wood, driftwood, grass, waste, sludge, tires, and recycled fuel (pellets and chips) using these as raw materials are not limited to those presented here.

  The biomass supply apparatus 11 is an apparatus that supplies biomass that has been pulverized and pulverized after being heated in a temperature range in which the biomass can be suitably carbonized, to the boiler 30, and includes a pretreatment unit 19, an air supply pipe 21, and a pulverizer. (Mill) 26, supply pipe 28, and heating means 100. The heating unit 100 will be described later.

  The pretreatment unit 19 is a unit that pretreats the biomass and then supplies it to the crushing device 26. The storage silo 20, the dispensing conveyor 22, the transfer conveyor 23, the biomass storage tank 24, the feeder 25, A pipe 80 and cooling means 101 are provided. The storage silo 20 is a device that can store a predetermined amount of biomass. The storage silo 20 supplies the stored biomass 140 to the delivery conveyor 22 by a predetermined amount. The payout conveyor 22 and the transfer conveyor 23 are both transfer mechanisms that transfer the biomass 140. In addition, although it was set as the conveyor in this embodiment, as a conveyance mechanism of biomass 140, various mechanisms can be used. The payout conveyor 22 transports the biomass 140 supplied from the storage silo 20 to the transport conveyor 23. The conveyor 23 supplies the biomass 140 supplied from the payout conveyor 22 to the biomass storage tank 24.

  The biomass storage tank 24 temporarily stores the biomass 140 supplied from the transport conveyor 23. The biomass storage tank 24 supplies the stored biomass 140 to the feeder 25. The feeder 25 conveys the biomass 140 supplied from the biomass storage tank 24 and supplies it to the crushing device 26. The heating means 100 is a mechanism that heats the biomass 140 that passes through the feeder 25 to obtain carbonized biomass 142. The configuration of the feeder 25 will be described later.

  The pipe 80 is a pipe connecting the feeder 25 and the crushing device 26, and conveys the carbonized biomass 142 discharged from the feeder 25 to the crushing device 26. In the present embodiment, both the feeder 25 and the pipe 80 serve as post-storage supply means of the pretreatment unit 19. The pretreatment unit 19 can use various mechanisms as a mechanism for transporting the carbonized biomass 142 through the pipe 80. For example, the pretreatment unit 19 may transport the carbonized biomass 142 by arranging a screw in the pipe and rotating the screw. Further, the pretreatment unit 19 may convey the carbonized biomass 142 by flowing air flowing from the feeder 25 toward the crushing device 26 in the pipe 80.

  The cooling means 101 is disposed in the pipe 80 and cools the carbonized biomass 142 from the feeder 25 toward the crushing device 26. The pretreatment unit 19 can stabilize the state of the carbonized biomass by cooling the carbonized biomass 142 that is heated by the heating means 100 and supplied to the pulverization device 26, and stably transports the inside of the pipe 80. In addition, the processing in the crusher 26 can be performed stably.

  The description of the configuration of the biomass supply apparatus 11 will be continued. The air supply pipe 21 is a pipe that supplies air to the biomass supply apparatus 11 and the fossil fuel supply apparatus 12. The air supply pipe 21 is connected to each part for supplying air of the boiler 30 and supplied with air 148. The air supply pipe 21 is connected to the pulverizer 26 and the coal pulverizers 252a and 252b, and supplies air 148 to each. Further, the air supply pipe 21 is provided with a valve 70 in a pipe connected to the pulverizer 26, a valve 72 is provided in a pipe connected to the coal pulverizer 252a, and a valve connected to a pipe connected to the coal pulverizer 252b. 74 is provided. By adjusting the opening / closing and opening of the valves 70, 72, 74, the amount of air 148 supplied to each part can be adjusted.

  The pulverizing device 26 is a pulverizing device (pulverizing means of the present embodiment) for pulverizing biomass and coal, and pulverizes the carbonized biomass 142 supplied from the feeder 25 and the coal supplied from the hopper 251c into fine powder 144. In addition, the air supply pipe 21 is connected to the pulverizer 26, and the fine powder 144 pulverized by the force of the air 148 supplied from the air supply pipe 21 is conveyed. That is, the biomass and coal pulverized by the pulverizer 26 are supplied to the supply pipe 28 by air conveyance. The supply pipe 28 supplies the fine powder 144 and the air 148 supplied from the pulverizer 26 to the combustion burner 34 that uses both biomass and fossil fuel in the boiler 30. The power generation system 10 may supply air 148 from the air supply pipe 21 to the supply pipe 28 as well. In this case, the supplied air 148 is primary air.

  Next, the fossil fuel supply device 12 is a device that supplies coal to the boiler 30. The fossil fuel supply device 12 includes hoppers 251a, 251b, and 251c that receive coal 250, coal pulverizers 252a and 252b that are disposed corresponding to the hoppers 251a and 251b, and fine powder obtained by the coal pulverizers 252a and 252b. And a pipe 253 for supplying the charcoal 149 to the combustion burner 33. The hoppers 251a and 251b store coal and supply the stored coal to the coal crushers 252a and 252b. The coal pulverizers 252a and 252b are mechanisms for pulverizing coal. The coal pulverizers 252a and 252b are connected to the air supply pipe 21 as described above, and use the air 148 supplied from the air supply pipe 21 to pulverize the coal in the apparatus while stirring. Further, the coal pulverizers 252a and 252b discharge the coal powder, which has been pulverized to a predetermined particle size or less, to the upper side of the device with air 148 and discharge it to the pipe 253. The coal pulverizers 252a and 252b shown in FIG. 1 are vertical mills, but pulverizers having various mechanisms can be used. For example, a tube mill can be used. The coal pulverizer 252a may have the same configuration as the pulverizer 26 or a different configuration. In the present embodiment, two combinations of the hopper and the coal pulverizer are shown. However, the number of combinations of the hopper and the coal pulverizer may be an arbitrary number. The hopper 251c supplies coal to the crusher 26 as described above. The pulverizer 25 pulverizes the coal supplied from the hopper 251c with biomass.

  Next, the boiler 30 is a conventional boiler, and has a boiler body 31 capable of burning biomass and fossil fuel. The boiler main body 31 has a hollow shape and is installed in the vertical direction, and a combustion device 32 is provided at the lower part of the furnace wall constituting the boiler main body 31. The combustion apparatus 32 includes a plurality of fossil fuel combustion burners 33 mounted on the furnace wall, and a plurality of biomass and fossil fuel combustion burners 34. The combustion burner 34 that is used for both biomass and fossil fuel is a burner into which fuel in which biomass and fossil fuel are mixed is injected. In the present embodiment, four or eight fossil fuel combustion burners 33 are arranged along the circumferential direction, and are arranged in three to six stages in the vertical direction. On the other hand, the combustion burner 34 that is used for both biomass and fossil fuel is one below the plurality of fossil fuel combustion burners 33, and four or eight disposed along the circumferential direction. It is arranged in stages. The arrangement relationship of the combustion burner 33 for fossil fuel and the combustion burner 34 for both biomass and fossil fuel may be reversed. In each combustion burner 33, 34, the number in the circumferential direction is not limited to four, and the number of stages is not limited to four or one stage. Furthermore, you may arrange | position so that each combustion burner 33 and 34 may oppose.

  As described above, the fossil fuel combustion burner 33 is connected to the pipes 253a and 253b of the fossil fuel supply device 12. The fuel burner 33 may be connected to a supply device that supplies fuel oil or fuel gas instead of coal as fossil fuel. That is, the fuel burner 33 may be supplied with fuel oil or fuel gas as fossil fuel. On the other hand, a combustion burner 34 that is used for both biomass and fossil fuel is connected to a supply pipe 28 from the biomass supply device 11. The crushing device 26 of the biomass supply device 11 crushes the coal supplied from the hopper 251c as described above in addition to the biomass. Thereby, fine powder 144 in which biomass and coal are mixed is supplied to the supply pipe 28.

  The combustion device 32 has an air supply pipe 39 that can supply combustion air to the combustion burners 33, 34. The air supply pipe 39 is provided with a blower 40 at the base end, and the tip is a boiler. It is connected to an air box 41 provided on the outer peripheral side of the main body 31. Therefore, the air supplied to the wind box 41 can be supplied to the combustion burners 33 and 34. The boiler body 31 is connected to a pipe 108 of the heating means 100. This point will be described later.

  The boiler body 31 has a flue 42 connected to the upper portion thereof, and the superheaters 43 and 44, the reheaters 45 and 46, and the nodes for recovering the heat of the exhaust gas as a convection heat transfer section are connected to the flue 42. Charcoal units (economizers, ECO) 47, 48, and 49 are provided, and heat exchange is performed between the exhaust gas generated by combustion in the boiler body 31 and water.

  The flue 42 is connected to an exhaust gas pipe 50 through which the exhaust gas subjected to heat exchange is discharged downstream. The exhaust gas pipe 50 is provided with an air heater (air preheater, AH) 51 between the air supply pipe 39 and performs heat exchange between the air flowing through the air supply pipe 39 and the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas pipe 50. It is desirable to raise the temperature of the combustion air supplied to the combustion burners 33 and 34 to a range of 200 to 300 ° C.

  The air supply pipe 39 is branched from a position downstream of the air heater 51, and the air supply pipe 21 is provided. The air supply pipe 21 is equipped with a dust removing device 52 capable of removing particulate matter such as dust and dust, and a blower 53 capable of boosting high-temperature air. Air heated by the air heater 51 from 200 to 300 ° C. It can be supplied to the supply pipe 28 of the biomass supply apparatus 11.

  The exhaust gas pipe 50 is located upstream of the air heater 51 and is provided with a selective reduction catalyst (SCR) 54. The exhaust gas pipe 50 is located downstream of the air heater 51 and has an electric dust collector (EP) 55, an induction blower. 56, a desulfurization device 57 is provided, and a chimney 58 is provided at the downstream end.

  The power generation device 60 is a conversion mechanism that converts thermal energy into electricity. The piping unit 62 is a pipe that connects the superheaters 43 and 44 and the reheaters 45 and 46 of the boiler 30 to the power generation device 60, and steam that is superheated by the superheaters 43 and 44 and the reheaters 45 and 46. Is sent to the power generator 60, and the steam exchanged by the power generator 60 is sent to the superheaters 43 and 44 and the reheaters 45 and 46. The power generation device 60 converts thermal energy extracted from the steam superheated by the superheaters 43 and 44 and the reheaters 45 and 46 into electricity. For example, the power generation device 60 includes a turbine, rotates the turbine using the energy of superheated steam, and extracts electric power.

  As described above, when the power generation system 10 drives the blower 40 and sucks air in the boiler 30, the air is heated by the air heater 51 through the air supply pipe 39 and then each combustion burner 33 through the wind box 41. , 34. Further, pulverized coal as fossil fuel is supplied to the combustion burner 33 for fossil fuel through the pipe 253. Further, the biomass supplied from the biomass supply device 11 and the coal supplied from the hopper 251 c are supplied to the combined combustion burner 34 using biomass and fossil fuel through the supply pipe 28.

  Then, the combustion burner 33 for fossil fuel is ignited at the same time as the combustion air and fossil fuel are injected into the boiler main body 31, and the combustion burner 34 which is combined with biomass and fossil fuel is pulverized with combustion air and biomass. The body and coal fine powder are injected into the boiler body 31 and ignited simultaneously. In the boiler body 31, combustion air, fossil fuel, and biomass are burned to generate a flame. When a flame is generated in the lower part of the boiler body 31, the combustion gas rises in the boiler body 31 and is discharged to the flue 42.

  At this time, while water supplied from a water supply pump (not shown) is preheated by the economizers 47, 48, and 49, it is supplied to a steam drum (not shown) and supplied to each water pipe (not shown) on the furnace wall. Is heated to become saturated steam and fed into a steam drum (not shown). Further, saturated steam of a steam drum (not shown) is introduced into the superheaters 43 and 44 and is heated by the combustion gas. The superheated steam generated by the superheaters 43 and 44 passes through the piping unit 62 and is supplied to the power generation device 60. Further, the steam taken out in the middle of the expansion process in the power generation device 60 passes through the piping unit 62 and is introduced into the reheaters 45 and 46, is overheated again, passes through the piping unit 62, and returns to the power generation device 60. It is. In addition, although the boiler main body 31 was demonstrated as a drum type | mold (steam drum), it is not limited to this structure.

  Thereafter, the exhaust gas that has passed through the economizers 47, 48, and 49 of the flue 42 is removed of harmful substances such as NOx by the selective reduction catalyst 54 in the exhaust gas pipe 50, and the particulate matter is removed by the electric dust collector 55. Is removed, and the sulfur content is removed by the desulfurization device 57 and then discharged from the chimney 58 to the atmosphere.

  Next, the configuration of the biomass supply apparatus 11 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. As described above, the biomass supply apparatus 11 includes the pretreatment unit 19, the air supply pipe 21, the pulverizer (mill) 26, the supply pipe 28, the heating unit 100, and the control unit 130. Hereinafter, the feeder 25 of the pretreatment unit 19 and the heating unit 100 will be described.

  First, the feeder 25 of the preprocessing unit will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the preprocessing unit. The feeder 25 has a kiln 104. The kiln 104 is connected to the pipe 80 and is a kiln that guides the biomass supplied from the biomass storage tank 24 while heating it to the pipe 80. Further, the feeder 25 may be provided with an on-off valve between the kiln 104 and the pipe 80. The feeder 25 is provided with an open / close valve, and switches between opening and closing of the open / close valve to switch whether the biomass that has passed through the kiln 104 is supplied to the pipe 80. In addition, the conveyance method of the biomass in the kiln 104 by the feeder 25 is not specifically limited. For example, the feeder 25 may convey biomass by providing a belt conveyance mechanism or a screw mechanism in the kiln 104 and driving the belt conveyance mechanism or the screw mechanism.

  The heating means 100 includes a pipe 106, a pipe 108, a pipe 112, a flare stack 114, a gas recirculating fan 116, a pipe 117, a valve 118, a pipe 120, and a gas recirculation fan. 122. In addition to the above, the heating unit 100 includes a detection unit that detects temperature, a detection unit that detects a flow rate, a valve, and the like.

  One end of the pipe 106 is connected to the flue 42 or the exhaust gas pipe 50 between the economizer 47 and the air heater 51, and the other end of the feeder 25 in the kiln 104 in the direction of biomass transfer. Connected to the downstream end. A gas recirculation fan 116 is disposed in the pipe 106, and the branch exhaust gas 131 flows from the flue 42 or the exhaust gas pipe 50 toward the feeder 25 by the gas recirculation fan 116. The branched exhaust gas 131 is a part of the exhaust gas that flows around the part where the flue 42 or the pipe 106 of the exhaust gas pipe 50 is connected.

  Next, one end of the pipe 108 is connected to the upstream end of the kiln 104 in the biomass transport direction, and the other end is connected to the boiler body 31. The pipe 108 is connected to an upstream end in the combustion gas flow direction of the boiler body 31, specifically, near the lower end of the boiler body 31. The pipe 108 guides the air discharged from the feeder 25, specifically, the air containing the pyrolysis gas 132 generated by heating the biomass to the boiler body 31.

  The pipe 112 is a branch pipe of the pipe 108 and has one end connected to the pipe 108 and the other end connected to the flare stack 114. The pipe 112 supplies the pyrolysis gas 132 flowing through the pipe 108 to the flare stack 114. The flare stack 114 is a combustion device that burns the pyrolysis gas 132 when the boiler trips. That is, the flare stack 114 is supplied with the pyrolysis gas 132 when the power generation system 10 is presenting the boiler (when the combustion in the boiler body 31 is not executed), and burns the combustible components of the pyrolysis gas 132. Let The power generation system 10 switches between supplying the pyrolysis gas 132 to the boiler body 31 or the flare stack 114 by providing a valve for switching the flow path at the connection portion between the pipe 112 and the pipe 108. Can do. Moreover, you may provide a valve in the piping 112 and the piping 108, respectively. The power generation system 10 switches whether the pyrolysis gas 132 flowing through the pipe 108 is supplied to the boiler body 31 or the flare stack 114 depending on whether or not the boiler is tripped.

  The pipe 117 is a branch pipe of the pipe 106 and has one end connected to the pipe 106 and the other end connected to the pipe 108. The pipe 117 is connected between a connection part of the pipe 108 with the pipe 112 and a connection part with the boiler body 31. That is, the pipe 117 is disposed at a position downstream of the branching position with the pipe 112 and upstream of the boiler body 31 in the flow direction of the pyrolysis gas 132. The pipe 117 can supply a part of the branched exhaust gas 131 to the pipe 108. The valve 118 is provided in the pipe 117. The valve 118 can adjust the flow rate of the branched exhaust gas 131 supplied to the pipe 108 by switching between opening and closing.

  The pipe 120 has one end connected to the exhaust gas pipe 50 and the other end connected to the pipe 106. The pipe 120 is connected to a position on the downstream side of the electric dust collector 55 of the exhaust gas pipe 50 and on the upstream side of the induction blower 56. Further, the pipe 120 is connected to a position downstream of the connection portion of the pipe 106 with the pipe 117 and upstream of the connection with the feeder 25. A gas recirculation fan 122 is disposed in the pipe 120, and the exhaust gas 136 flows from the exhaust gas pipe 50 toward the feeder 25 by the gas recirculation fan 122. The exhaust gas 136 is a part of the exhaust gas flowing around the portion where the pipe 106 of the exhaust gas pipe 50 is connected. The exhaust gas 136 is exhaust gas acquired from the exhaust gas pipe 50 on the downstream side of the position where the branch exhaust gas 131 is acquired. For this reason, the exhaust gas 136 is a lower temperature gas than the branched exhaust gas 131. The heating unit 100 can adjust the temperature of the branched exhaust gas 131 supplied from the pipe 106 to the feeder 25 by adjusting the amount of the exhaust gas 136 supplied from the pipe 120 to the pipe 106.

  The control unit 130 controls the operation of each part of the heating means 100, specifically, the gas recirculation fans 116 and 122 and the valve 118, and supplies the flow rate and temperature of the branched exhaust gas 131 supplied to the feeder 25 and the boiler body. The flow rate and temperature of the pyrolysis gas 132 to be adjusted are adjusted. Moreover, the control part 130 adjusts the quantity of the waste gas (branch waste gas 131) branched from the flue 42 by the piping 106 by controlling the operation | movement of each part.

  The heating means 100 is configured as described above, and the branched exhaust gas 131 is directly supplied to a region where the biomass in the kiln 104 is held and transported by the pipe 106. Further, the branched exhaust gas 131 that has passed through the kiln 104 is discharged from the pipe 108 as the pyrolysis gas 132. Thereby, the heating means 100 can heat the biomass in the kiln 104 with the branched exhaust gas 131 by direct heating, and the biomass 140 in the kiln 104 can be made into the carbonized biomass 142. In addition, the heating unit 100 branches the exhaust gas flowing through the flue 42 or the exhaust gas pipe 50 between the economizer 47 and the air heater 51 into the branched exhaust gas 131, and uses the branched exhaust gas 131 as a biomass heating source. Biomass can be suitably carbonized. Thus, the biomass supply apparatus 11 can make it easy to grind | pulverize biomass by heating biomass by the heating means 100 and carbonizing it.

  Moreover, the heating means 100 can be made to burn with the boiler main body 31 by guiding unnecessary substances, such as a tar content generated at the time of heating biomass, to the boiler main body 31 through the pipe 108. Thereby, it can suppress that an unnecessary substance adheres in the feeder 25 and the carbonized biomass 142, and remains in the biomass supply apparatus 11. FIG.

  Further, the heating means 100 supplies the branched exhaust gas in a direction opposite to the biomass transport direction (supplies the branched exhaust gas in a direction in which the transport direction and the exhaust gas flow direction are opposite to each other), that is, countercurrent supply. By doing so, the hottest portion of the branched exhaust gas can be sprayed on the end side (exit side) of the kiln 104 in the conveyance direction. Thereby, the biomass 140 can be carbonized more reliably. In addition, in this embodiment, although it supplied in the direction from which a conveyance direction and the flow direction of waste gas become a reverse direction, it is not limited to this. For example, the exhaust gas may be supplied in a direction parallel to the biomass transport direction. By supplying exhaust gas in a parallel direction, biomass can be conveyed by the flow of branched exhaust gas.

  The biomass supply apparatus 11 is configured as described above, and heats the biomass 140 flowing through the feeder 25 by the heating means 100. Moreover, the biomass supply apparatus 11 controls the operation | movement of each part of the heating means 100, and the biomass supply apparatus 11 sets the temperature of the biomass 140 discharged | emitted to the fixed range, specifically, the biomass suitably carbonizes. It is possible to heat to the temperature range.

  Here, the predetermined temperature range in which the biomass is suitably carbonized is preferably 250 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less. Here, FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the biomass temperature and the ratio of each component, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the pulverization power ratio and the pulverization time up to a predetermined particle size. FIG. 3 shows the relationship of the weight ratio of each component when the vertical axis is the weight ratio [%] and the biomass is heated to each temperature (before heating, 150 ° C., 200 ° C., 250 ° C., 300 ° C.). . In FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents the estimated pulverization power ratio up to a predetermined particle size in the mill (pulverizer), and the horizontal axis represents the pulverization time [s] to the predetermined particle size in the ball mill (pulverizer). FIG. 3 shows an estimated pulverization power ratio and a ball mill (pulverizer) when the wood pellet A is heated to a raw state (before heating), 150 ° C., 200 ° C., 250 ° C., and 300 ° C. The result of having measured the relationship with the grinding | pulverization time to the predetermined particle size in ()) is shown. For comparison, FIG. 4 also shows an estimated pulverization power ratio and a pulverization time to a predetermined particle size in a ball mill (pulverizer) for each of the unheated wood chip A, wood chip B, and wood pellet B. The result of measuring the relationship with is also shown.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in biomass, the proportion of components changes depending on the temperature at which it is heated, and when it exceeds a certain temperature, gas components and tar are deposited. In addition, the biomass becomes brittle as it is heated to a higher temperature. Specifically, when wood pellets are heated, the grinding time to a predetermined particle size in a ball mill (grinding device) becomes shorter than the grinding time of wood pellets that are not heated. Furthermore, if the temperature at which the wood pellets are heated is increased, the pulverization time is further shortened. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the wood pellet A is heated to 150 ° C., the pulverization time up to a predetermined particle size in a ball mill (pulverization apparatus) becomes shorter than the pulverization time of the wood pellet B that is not heated. Furthermore, if the temperature at which the wood pellet A is heated to 200 ° C. and 250 ° C. is increased, the pulverization time is further shortened. Here, since the estimated pulverization power ratio up to a predetermined particle size in the mill (pulverization apparatus) is proportional to the pulverization time, the pulverization time is shortened, so that the power required for pulverization is also reduced.

  As mentioned above, biomass becomes easy to grind, so that temperature is raised. However, if the temperature of the biomass becomes too high, combustible components contained in the biomass are discharged as gas, and the amount of heat of the biomass is reduced. Here, the temperature at which the biomass can be suitably carbonized is a temperature at which the biomass is easily pulverized while suppressing a reduction in the amount of heat, and is a temperature range and temperature that vary depending on the type of biomass. Here, the biomass has a temperature range of 250 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less, thereby suppressing a reduction in the amount of heat (specifically, the discharged gas component and tar component are suppressed to 20% to 50% or less, In other words, the time required for the pulverization can be set to be equal to or less than that of coal while being suppressed to 50% or less at most. That is, the heating means 100 can be easily pulverized while suppressing the reduction in the amount of heat of biomass by heating to the above range.

  Based on the above relationship, the heating means 100 heats the biomass 140 within a predetermined temperature range in which the biomass 140 becomes brittle and can be suitably carbonized, which is a temperature at which the amount of heat can be suppressed. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the heating unit 100 heats the biomass 140 to a temperature between 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. Thereby, the heating means 100 can make it easy to pulverize biomass while suppressing the effect of reducing the amount of heat. The biomass supply device 11 makes the biomass easy to pulverize and discharges (supplies) the biomass from the discharge port of the feeder 25 to the pulverization device 26. The biomass conveyed to the pulverizing device 26 is pulverized by the pulverizing device 26. At this time, since the pulverizing apparatus 26 is supplied with the carbonized biomass 142 carbonized by the pretreatment unit 19 and the heating means 100, it can be pulverized to a predetermined particle size in a short time with less power. The biomass supply device 11 can appropriately reduce A / C (the amount of air per biomass pulverization amount) by improving the pulverization ability of the biomass, and after directly pulverizing with the pulverization device 26, it is directly combusted with the boiler body 31. It becomes possible to make it. Thus, stable combustion can be realized without using a bin system.

  The biomass supply apparatus 11 can effectively use the heat generated in the power generation system 10 by using the branched exhaust gas 131 as a heating source. Thereby, the electric power generation system 10 can make high the utilization efficiency of the heat in the whole apparatus.

  The biomass supply apparatus 11 can suitably carbonize the biomass 140 by using the branched exhaust gas 131 as a heating source. That is, in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the biomass 140 is heated by the branched exhaust gas 131 that branches the exhaust gas flowing between the upstream end portion of the arrangement region of the economizer 47 and the upstream end portion of the arrangement region of the air heater 51. By doing, it can heat to the predetermined | prescribed temperature range in which the biomass mentioned above carbonizes suitably. In general, the temperature of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the economizer is about 350 ° C. Thereby, the biomass supply apparatus 11 can carbonize biomass suitably easily. Moreover, the biomass supply apparatus 11 can heat biomass with gas with a low oxygen ratio by using the branched exhaust gas 131 as a heating source. Thereby, even if biomass is heated at high temperature, it can be made into the state which is hard to ignite. Here, the biomass supply apparatus 11 preferably sets the temperature of the branched exhaust gas 131 to 250 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less. By setting the temperature of the branched exhaust gas 131 within the above range, the biomass can be suitably carbonized by the branched exhaust gas 131. The branch exhaust gas 131 basically uses the exhaust gas between the upstream end of the arrangement region of the economizer 47 and the upstream end of the arrangement region of the air heater 51, so that the temperature within the above range is basically used. It can be.

  The heating unit 100 of the biomass supply apparatus 11 of the present embodiment can further adjust the temperature of the branched exhaust gas 131 by providing the pipe 120 and the gas recirculation fan 122. Thereby, biomass can be more suitably carbonized more reliably. Moreover, the heating means 100 can adjust the temperature of the branch exhaust gas 131 supplied to the feeder 25 according to the biomass type because the temperature of the branch exhaust gas 131 can be adjusted. Thereby, it can adjust to the appropriate heating temperature according to biomass kind.

  The biomass supply apparatus 11 can combust the pyrolysis gas 132 by providing the pipe 108 and guiding the pyrolysis gas 132 generated when the biomass 140 is heated to the boiler body 31. Thereby, the combustible component generated at the time of carbonization of the biomass 140 can be suitably combusted, and the heat utilization efficiency of the entire power generation system 10 can be increased. Moreover, by burning the pyrolysis gas 132, as described above, it is possible to suppress tar or the like generated during carbonization from remaining in the biomass supply apparatus 11. Thereby, tar can adhere to biomass and it can suppress that the conveyance efficiency of biomass falls or it adheres to each part of pretreatment unit 19. From the above, the pretreatment unit 19 and the biomass supply apparatus 11 can efficiently pulverize biomass. Furthermore, by appropriately burning the generated tar in the boiler main body 31, it is possible to suppress the adhesion of tar to the apparatus, and to simplify the maintenance of the apparatus. The pipe 108 is preferably connected to the bottom of the boiler body 31 or a position where the combustion burners 33 and 34 are arranged as in this embodiment.

  The biomass supply apparatus 11 can suppress the temperature in the pipe 108 from decreasing by providing the pipe 117 and supplying a part of the branched exhaust gas 131 to the pipe 108. Thereby, it can suppress that the tar part in the pyrolysis gas 132 solidifies and liquefies in the piping 108, and can suppress adhering in the piping 108. As described above, the maintenance of the apparatus can be simplified.

  Moreover, the biomass 140 can be dried by heating the biomass 140 with the branched exhaust gas 131 by the heating means 100. Thereby, the pretreatment unit 19 can put the biomass in a dry state when it is put into the crushing device 26, and can omit the drying in the crushing device 26. Thereby, various air can be used as the air supplied to the pulverizer 26, and air at normal temperature can also be used.

  The biomass supply device 11 arranges the cooling device 101 downstream from the position where the biomass is heated by the heating means 100 and upstream from the crushing device 26 in the biomass transport direction, thereby handling the carbonized biomass 142. Can be easily. Specifically, a more stable state can be achieved by setting the carbonized biomass 142 to a low temperature. Note that the cooling device 101 is not necessarily provided. In addition, since the heating unit 100 can obtain the above-described effect, it is not necessary to provide each piping of the heating unit 100 in addition to the piping 106 and 108.

  Here, in the biomass supply apparatus 11, the biomass is directly heated by passing the branched exhaust gas 131 through the kiln 104 as the feeder 25 as the biomass heating unit 100, but the present invention is not limited to this, the heating unit The biomass may be heated and carbonized after being discharged from the storage silo 20 until the pulverization apparatus 26 completes the pulverization. In addition, it is preferable that the biomass supply apparatus 11 heats and carbonizes the biomass before starting a grinding | pulverization. It is preferable that the biomass supply apparatus 11 heats the biomass in at least one place of the transport conveyor 23, the biomass storage tank 24, and the feeder 25 of the pretreatment unit 19, for example. Moreover, the heating method of biomass is not limited to direct heating, You may heat by indirect heating. Moreover, as a mechanism which conveys biomass, it is not limited to the kiln (for example, rotary kiln) of this embodiment, A screw feeder, a steam tube dryer, etc. can use various mechanisms. Hereinafter, another embodiment of the biomass supply apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Another embodiment of the biomass supply apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. 5 and 6 show a peripheral portion of the feeder 162 in the pretreatment unit 161 of the biomass supply apparatus 160. FIG. Here, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the schematic configuration of the preprocessing unit, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the schematic configuration of the preprocessing unit. Here, the biomass supply apparatus 160 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 has the same configuration as the biomass supply apparatus 11 except for some configurations of the feeder 162 and the heating means 163 of the pretreatment unit 161. . Therefore, in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the same components as those of the biomass supply apparatus 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Hereinafter, points unique to the biomass supply apparatus 160 will be described. The biomass supply device 160 includes a pretreatment unit 161, a heating unit 163, a control unit 130, and a temperature detection unit 164. In addition, the pretreatment unit 161 includes a biomass storage tank 24 and a feeder 162, as shown in FIG. In addition, the biomass supply apparatus 160 is provided with each part of the structure similar to the biomass supply apparatus 11, such as the storage silo 20 and the delivery conveyor 22, besides the structure shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. In the biomass supply device 160, the feeder 162 and the pipe 80 serve as supply means after storage.

  The feeder 162 is a screw feeder that is disposed between the biomass storage tank 24 and the pipe 80, covers the outer periphery of the two rotating parts 167 that rotate, and the two rotating parts 167, and guides the biomass. It has a tube 168 and a drive source 169 that rotates the rotating part 167. The rotating unit 167 is a screw having a screw groove formed on the outer periphery, and conveys biomass in one direction by rotating. The rotating part 167 has a hollow shape. The guide tube 168 is a conduit in which the rotating unit 167 is housed, and holds the biomass around the rotating unit 167. The drive source 169 is a drive source that rotates the rotating unit 167, and includes a motor or the like.

  The heating means 163 includes a jacket 165, a heat transfer pipe 166, a pipe 106, a pipe 108, and a gas recirculation fan 116, and heats the biomass conveyed by the feeder 162. The jacket 165 is a hollow member disposed in contact with the outer periphery of the guide tube 168. The jacket 165 is disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the region where the biomass 140 of the guide tube 168 is held. In the present embodiment, the guide tube 168 is disposed so as to cover other than the upper surface. The heat transfer pipe 166 is a pipe arranged by being inserted into the hollow portion of the rotating portion 167.

  Next, as for the piping 106, one edge part is an upstream edge part of the arrangement | positioning area of the air heater 51 from the upstream edge part of the arrangement | positioning area of the economizer 47 of the flue 42 or the exhaust gas piping 50 as mentioned above. The other end is branched into branch pipes 106a and 106b. The branch pipe 106 a is connected to the heat transfer pipe 166. The branch pipe 106 b is connected to the jacket 165. The pipe 106 is provided with a gas recirculation fan 116. Next, the pipe 108 has one end connected to the boiler body 31 and the other end branched to the branch pipes 108a and 108b. The branch pipe 108 a is connected to the heat transfer pipe 166. The branch pipe 108 b is connected to the jacket 165.

  The heating means 163 is configured as described above, and supplies the branched exhaust gas 131 to the jacket 165 and the heat transfer pipe 166 through the pipe 106 and the branch pipes 106a and 106b. The jacket 165 and the heat transfer pipe 166 are heated by the heat of the supplied exhaust gas, and transmit the supplied heat to the biomass inside the feeder 162. The heating means 163 heats the biomass conveyed by the feeder 162 in this way. Further, the branched exhaust gas 131 that has passed through the jacket 165 and the heat transfer pipe 166 contains tar components and gas components generated from the heated biomass and becomes a pyrolysis gas 132. The pyrolysis gas 132 is supplied to the boiler body 31 through the branch pipes 108 a and 108 b and the pipe 108. The pyrolysis gas 132 supplied to the boiler body 31 is burned in the boiler 30. Thereby, it is set as the state which can burn biomass more efficiently with the boiler 30. FIG.

  The temperature detection unit 164 is a means for measuring the atmosphere in the vicinity of the outlet of the biomass 140 of the feeder 162 or the temperature of the biomass itself. The temperature detection unit 164 sends the measured temperature of the biomass 140 to the control unit 130.

  The control unit 130 controls the operation of the feeder 162 and the heating unit 163 based on the measurement result of the temperature detection unit 164. In addition, the control unit 130 controls operations of various other mechanisms.

  The biomass supply device 160 is configured as described above, and heats the biomass 140 flowing through the feeder 162 by the heating means 163. Moreover, the biomass supply apparatus 160 controls the operation | movement of the heating means 163 based on the temperature measurement result in the temperature detection part 164, and the biomass discharged | emitted by the control part 130 controlling the temperature of the biomass 140. The temperature of 140 can be set within a certain range, specifically, a temperature range in which the biomass can be suitably carbonized. Moreover, also when using a screw feeder as a mechanism which conveys biomass like the biomass supply apparatus 160, the same effect can be acquired by heating similarly to the biomass supply apparatus 11 with the heating means 163. FIG.

  Further, the control unit 130 controls the heating operation of the heating unit 163 so that the biomass in the vicinity of the outlet of the feeder 25 can be suitably carbonized based on the measurement result of the temperature detection unit 164. Specifically, the heating amount by the heating means 163 (for example, the supply amount of exhaust gas) is controlled. The control unit 130 may also control the biomass conveying operation by the feeder 162, the biomass conveying speed by the feeder 162, and the like. The biomass conveyance speed is controlled by changing the rotation speed of the rotating unit and the angle of the screw of the rotating unit. Further, the control unit 130 calculates in advance an experiment or the like the relationship between the target biomass temperature and the temperature measured by the temperature detection unit 164 at the biomass temperature, and the calculated result and the temperature detection It is preferable to control the operation of each unit based on the temperature measured by the unit 164. Thereby, it can heat appropriately in the temperature range which can carbonize biomass suitably. In addition, although it is preferable that the temperature measurement position by the temperature detection part 164 is the vicinity of the exit of the area | region where the heating means is arrange | positioned like this embodiment, this invention is not limited to this. Further, without providing the temperature detection unit 164, the heating operation may be controlled based on the set conditions, and the biomass may be heated to a temperature range in which the biomass can be suitably carbonized.

  Next, the biomass supply apparatus of other embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the pretreatment unit. Here, the biomass supply apparatus 170 shown in FIG. 7 has the same configuration as the biomass supply apparatus 11 except for the configuration of the heating means 172. Then, about the structure similar to the biomass supply apparatus 11, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted, and the point peculiar to the biomass supply apparatus 170 is demonstrated hereafter. A biomass supply apparatus 170 illustrated in FIG. 7 includes a pretreatment unit 171 including a biomass storage tank 24, a feeder 25, and a pipe 80, and a heating unit 172. In addition, the biomass supply apparatus 170 includes a pulverizer, a temperature detection unit, a control unit, and the like in addition to the biomass supply apparatus 11. The pretreatment unit 171 also has a storage silo and a conveyor. The feeder 25 has a kiln 104. The kiln 104 is a kiln that guides the biomass supplied from the biomass storage tank 24 while heating it to the pipe 80.

  The heating means 172 includes a plurality of divided jackets 173a, a pipe 174, a pipe 176, and a valve 177. The heating unit 172 has a configuration in which a plurality of divided jackets 173a, a pipe 174, a pipe 176, and a valve 177 are arranged between the pipe 106 and the pipe 108 of the heating unit 100. Therefore, the heating unit 172 includes each unit included in the heating unit 100, and the configuration of the peripheral portion of the feeder 25 is different from that of the heating unit 100.

  The division jacket 173a is a hollow member arranged to cover the outer periphery of the kiln 104. In addition, the division | segmentation jacket 173a is arrange | positioned in each area | region which divided | segmented the kiln 104 into plurality in the conveyance direction of biomass. One end of the pipe 174 is connected to the pipe 106, and the other end is connected to the plurality of branch pipes 174a. The plurality of branch pipes 174a are connected to the respective divided jackets 173a. In other words, the heating means 172 is provided with the pipe 174 at the end of the pipe 106 on the region side where the biomass is heated. Next, the pipe 176 has one end connected to the pipe 108 and the other end connected to the plurality of branch pipes 176a. That is, the heating means 172 is provided with the pipe 174 at the end of the pipe 108 on the region side where the biomass is heated. The plurality of branch pipes 176a are connected to the respective divided jackets 173a. The valve 177 is provided in each of the branch pipes 174a, and switches whether to supply exhaust gas to the split jacket 173a by opening and closing. The valve 177 can be opened and closed to adjust the distribution (flow rate) of the exhaust gas supplied to each branch pipe.

  The heating means 172 is configured as described above, and supplies the branched exhaust gas 131 to each of the split jackets 173a through the pipe 174 and the branch pipe 174a. Further, the exhaust gas supplied to the split jacket 173a is discharged from the pipe 176 and the branch pipe 176a. Thereby, the heating means 172 can heat the split jacket 173a and heat the biomass in the kiln 104 by indirect heating via the split jacket 173a. In this case as well, the biomass is heated to a temperature range that can be suitably carbonized. Further, the heating means 172 can individually adjust the heating state of the split jacket 173a by switching between opening and closing of the valves 177. Moreover, it is preferable that the heating unit 172 has a configuration in which pyrolysis gas generated by heating the biomass 140 in the kiln 104 flows into the pipe 176 as in the present embodiment. Specifically, a pipe with a reverse valve that allows gas to flow only from the kiln 104 toward the pipe 176 may be provided, or a connection portion between the split jacket 173a and the kiln 104 toward the pipe 176 from the kiln 104. You may provide the reverse branch valve which can only flow gas.

  Next, the biomass supply apparatus of other embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the pretreatment unit. Here, the biomass supply apparatus 180 shown in FIG. 8 has the same configuration as the biomass supply apparatus 11 except that the heating means 182 is provided on the transport conveyor 23 of the pretreatment unit 181. Then, about the structure similar to the biomass supply apparatus 11, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted, and the point peculiar to the biomass supply apparatus 180 is demonstrated hereafter. A biomass supply apparatus 180 illustrated in FIG. 8 includes a pretreatment unit 181 and a heating unit 182. The pretreatment unit 181 includes a biomass storage tank, a feeder, a temperature detection unit, a control unit, and the like in addition to the pretreatment unit 19 in addition to this. Further, the transport conveyor 23 has the same configuration as the transport conveyor 23 of the pretreatment unit 19.

  The heating unit 182 includes a plurality of divided jackets 183 a, a pipe 184, a pipe 186, and a valve 187. The heating unit 182 has a configuration in which a plurality of divided jackets 183 a, a pipe 184, a pipe 186, and a valve 187 are arranged between the pipe 106 and the pipe 108 of the heating unit 100. Therefore, the heating unit 182 includes each unit included in the heating unit 100. The heating means 182 differs from the heating means 100 in that the object to be heated is changed from the biomass in the feeder 25 to the biomass in the transport conveyor 23 and the configuration of the periphery of the object to be heated.

  The division jacket 183a is a hollow member disposed so as to cover the outer periphery of the transport conveyor 23. In addition, the division | segmentation jacket 183a is arrange | positioned in each area | region which divided | segmented the conveyance conveyor 23 into multiple in the conveyance direction of biomass. The pipe 184 has one end connected to the pipe 106 and the other end connected to the plurality of branch pipes 184a. The plurality of branch pipes 184a are respectively connected to separate division jackets 183a. Next, the pipe 186 has one end connected to the pipe 108 and the other end connected to the plurality of branch pipes 186a. The plurality of branch pipes 186a are connected to the respective divided jackets 183a. The valve 187 is provided in each of the branch pipes 184a, and switches whether to supply exhaust gas to the split jacket 183a by opening and closing.

  The heating means 182 is configured as described above, and the branched exhaust gas 131 is supplied to each of the split jackets 183a through the pipe 106, the pipe 184, and the branch pipe 184a. Further, the exhaust gas supplied to the split jacket 183a is discharged from the pipe 186 and the branch pipe 186a. Thereby, the heating means 182 can heat the division jacket 183a and heat the biomass in the transport conveyor 23 by indirect heating via the division jacket 183a. In this case as well, the biomass is heated to a temperature range that can be suitably carbonized. The effect similar to the above can also be obtained by heating the biomass being conveyed by the conveyer 23 to a temperature range that can be suitably carbonized like the pretreatment unit 181. Further, the heating means 182 can individually adjust the heating state of the divided jacket 183a by switching the opening and closing of the valves 187. Moreover, in the said embodiment, although biomass was heated by indirect heating, you may make it also heat the biomass conveyed by the conveyance conveyor 23 by direct heating. Moreover, it is preferable to use a wire mesh conveyor belt for the conveyance conveyor 23. Thereby, biomass can be made easier to heat. In the present embodiment, the exhaust gas is supplied to the conveyor 23 from the lower side in the vertical direction, but the present invention is not limited to this. The heating means may supply the branched exhaust gas 131 to the transport conveyor 23 so as to flow from the vertical upper side to the vertical lower side. The heating means 182 also supplies the pipe 108 with a pyrolysis gas 132 obtained by adding a pyrolysis gas generated by heating biomass to the branch exhaust gas 131 that has passed through the pipe 186 and the branch pipe 186a jacket 183a.

  Next, the biomass supply apparatus of other embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the preprocessing unit. Here, the biomass supply apparatus 220 shown in FIG. 9 has the same configuration as the biomass supply apparatus 11 except for the configuration of the heating means 222. Then, about the structure similar to the biomass supply apparatus 11, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted, and the point peculiar to the biomass supply apparatus 220 is demonstrated hereafter. A biomass supply apparatus 220 illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a pretreatment unit 221 and a heating unit 222. The pretreatment unit 221 includes a biomass storage tank 24 and a feeder 25. In addition, the preprocessing unit 221 includes a conveyor, a control unit, and the like in addition to the preprocessing unit 19.

  The heating unit 222 includes a pipe 106 and a pipe 108. The heating means 222 includes a valve and the like in addition to these. One end of the pipe 106 is connected from the upstream end of the arrangement area of the flue 42 through which the exhaust gas flows or the exhaust gas economizer 47 to the upstream end of the arrangement area of the air heater 51. The other end is connected to the lower end of the biomass storage tank 24 in the vertical direction. Next, one end of the pipe 108 is connected to the boiler main body 31, and the other end is connected to the upper end of the biomass storage tank 24 in the vertical direction. The heating means 222 is configured as described above, and the exhaust gas is directly supplied to the biomass storage tank 24 in the region where the biomass is stored by the pipe 106. Further, the exhaust gas supplied to the biomass storage tank 24 is discharged from the pipe 108. Thereby, the heating means 222 can heat the biomass in the biomass storage tank 24 by direct heating. In this case as well, the biomass is heated to a temperature range that can be suitably carbonized. As in the pretreatment unit 221, the biomass in the biomass storage tank 24 can be heated directly by heating, so that the biomass can be easily pulverized and unnecessary substances can be prevented from being discharged. . In the pretreatment unit 221, the branched exhaust gas is supplied from the lower side in the vertical direction of the biomass storage tank 24. However, the branched exhaust gas may be supplied from the vicinity of the upper end in the vertical direction. In the pretreatment unit 221, the biomass stored in the biomass storage tank 24 is heated by direct heating. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be heated by indirect heating.

  Moreover, it is preferable to supply inert gas to the atmosphere which conveys biomass. Thus, by setting it as inert gas atmosphere, it can suppress that biomass reacts more than needed by a conveyance path | route, and can reduce a possibility that combustion generate | occur | produces. The inert gas is a gas that is less likely to burn than normal air. For example, a gas having an oxygen concentration of 10% or less.

  Moreover, although the heating means demonstrated by the said embodiment may each be provided individually, you may provide several heating means in one biomass supply apparatus. In this way, by heating at a plurality of locations, it becomes possible to more appropriately heat to an appropriate temperature, and it is possible to heat the biomass within a temperature range that can be suitably carbonized.

  Further, instead of or in addition to providing a heating means for heating the biomass on the conveyor 23, a heating means for heating the biomass on the payout conveyor 22 may be provided.

  Next, the boiler system of other embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the power generation system. A power generation system 310 illustrated in FIG. 10 is a power generation system in which a path for supplying biomass and a path for supplying coal are separated separately. The power generation system 310 illustrated in FIG. 10 is the same as the power generation system 10 except that the hopper 251c is not provided. The description of the same configuration as that of the power generation system 10 will be omitted, and points unique to the power generation system 310 will be described.

  The power generation system 310 includes a biomass supply device 311 that supplies biomass, a fossil fuel supply device 312 that supplies fossil fuel, biomass supplied from the biomass supply device 311, and fossil fuel supplied from the fossil fuel supply device 312. It has the boiler 330 which collect | recovers the heat which generate | occur | produced by burning, and the electric power generating apparatus 60 which produces electric power using the heat generated with the boiler 330. FIG. The power generation system 310 does not include a hopper 251c that supplies coal to the crushing device 26 that crushes biomass (carbonized biomass) by the fossil fuel supply device 312. That is, the power generation system 310 supplies coal and biomass to the boiler 330 through different paths.

  The biomass supply device 311 is processed by the pretreatment unit 19, and the carbonized biomass 142 that has passed through the pipe 80 is supplied to the crushing device 26. The crushing device 26 crushes the supplied carbonized biomass 142 and supplies the carbonized biomass 142 as fine powder 145 to the supply pipe 28. In the pulverization apparatus 26 of the present embodiment, since coal is not supplied from the hopper 251c, the fine powder 145 is fine powder obtained by pulverizing the carbonized biomass 142.

  In the boiler 330, a biomass combustion burner 334 is disposed in the boiler body 31 in place of the combustion burner 34 that is combined with biomass and fossil fuel. The combustion burner 334 for biomass is supplied with fine powder 145 composed of carbonized and finely divided biomass. The boiler body 31 burns the fine powder 145 injected from the combustion burner 334 for biomass.

  As described above, the power generation system 310 can generate power even if the fuel supplied from the biomass supply device 311 to the boiler body 31 is composed of only biomass, that is, even if the pulverization device 26 does not mix and pulverize coal and biomass. An effect similar to that of the system 10 can be obtained. That is, the power generation system 310 can easily process the biomass with the heating unit 100 in a state where the amount of heat is not reduced. Thereby, also when grind | pulverizing only biomass, the motive power and grinding | pulverization time required for a grinding | pulverization can be shortened.

  Next, the boiler system of other embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. Here, FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the power generation system. The power generation system 410 illustrated in FIG. 11 is the same as the power generation system 310 except for the relationship between the feeder 25 of the biomass supply apparatus 411 and the pulverizer 420 and the configuration of the pulverizer 420. The description of the same configuration as that of the power generation system 310 will be omitted, and points unique to the power generation system 410 will be described.

  The power generation system 410 includes a biomass supply device 411 that supplies biomass, a fossil fuel supply device 312 that supplies fossil fuel, biomass supplied from the biomass supply device 311, and fossil fuel supplied from the fossil fuel supply device 312. It has the boiler 330 which collect | recovers the heat which generate | occur | produced by burning, and the electric power generating apparatus 60 which produces electric power using the heat generated with the boiler 330. FIG.

  The biomass supply apparatus 411 includes a pretreatment unit 419, an air supply pipe 21, a pulverizer (mill) 420, a supply pipe 28, and a heating unit 100. The pretreatment unit 419 is a unit that performs pretreatment on the biomass and then supplies the biomass to the crusher 420. The storage silo 20, the dispensing conveyor 22, the transport conveyor 23, the biomass storage tank 24, the feeder 25, Have In the pretreatment unit 419, the feeder 25 is disposed adjacent to the crushing device 420. The feeder 25 supplies the discharged carbonized biomass 142 to the crusher 420 as it is. That is, in the biomass supply apparatus 411, the feeder 25 and the pulverization apparatus 420 are close to each other, and the cooling unit 101 is not disposed therebetween.

  The crusher 420 is a tube mill and is disposed adjacent to the feeder 25. The crushing device 420 has an input port into which the carbonized biomass 142 is input and an exhaust port from which the carbonized biomass 142 is discharged, and conveys the carbonized biomass 142 input from the input port toward the discharge port while crushing. Thus, the carbonized biomass 142 that has reached the discharge port is defined as fine powder 145. The crusher 420 has a discharge port connected to the supply pipe 28 and supplies fine powder 145 to the supply pipe 28. The crusher 420 is connected to the air supply pipe 21. The pulverizer 420 conveys the carbonized biomass 142 with air 148 supplied from the air supply pipe 21. In addition, the pulverizer 420 can feed the fine powder 145 in the supply pipe 28 toward the boiler body 31 by supplying the air 148 together with the fine powder 145 to the supply pipe 28.

  As described above, the power generation system 410 can omit the cooling unit and the transport mechanism (pipe 80) by arranging the feeder 25 and the pulverizer 420 adjacent to each other. Thereby, the apparatus configuration can be simplified. Moreover, it can grind | pulverize before the state of the carbonized biomass 142 discharged | emitted from the feeder 25 changes by making the feeder 25 and the grinding | pulverization apparatus 420 adjoin. Thereby, even if it does not cool carbonized biomass 142, biomass can be processed stably. In the power generation system 410, the feeder 25 and the pulverization apparatus 420 are adjacent to each other. However, the region where the biomass is heated and carbonized may be adjacent to the pulverization apparatus 420. That is, when a heating region by a heating unit is provided downstream of the feeder 25 in the conveying direction and the biomass is heated and carbonized, the same effect can be obtained by providing the pulverizer 420 adjacent to the position.

  In addition, the power generation system 410 can reduce the installation height of the crusher 420 by using a tube mill as the crusher 420. Thereby, the carbonized biomass 142 discharged from the feeder 25 can be suitably put into the crushing device 420 without providing a mechanism for transporting. In addition, it can be realized with little or no construction such as raising the foundation for installing the feeder.

  In addition, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which heats the biomass in each part contained in a pre-processing unit with a heating means, it is not limited to this. The power generation system (boiler system) may heat the biomass pulverized by the pulverizing means (pulverizing apparatus) with the heating means. In other words, the biomass may be pulverized while being heated.

  Hereinafter, the case where the biomass pulverized by the pulverizing means (pulverizing apparatus) is heated by the heating means will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment of the power generation system. A power generation system 510 illustrated in FIG. 12 is the same as the power generation system 310 except for the configuration of the biomass supply apparatus 511. The description of the same configuration as that of the power generation system 310 will be omitted, and points unique to the power generation system 510 will be described.

  The power generation system 510 includes a biomass supply device 511 that supplies biomass, a fossil fuel supply device 312 that supplies fossil fuel, biomass supplied from the biomass supply device 311, and fossil fuel supplied from the fossil fuel supply device 312. It has the boiler 330 which collect | recovers the heat which generate | occur | produced by burning, and the electric power generating apparatus 60 which produces electric power using the heat generated with the boiler 330. FIG.

  The biomass supply apparatus 511 includes a pretreatment unit 519, a pipe 522, an air supply pipe 21, a pulverizer (mill) 520, a supply pipe 28, and a heating unit 524. The pretreatment unit 519 is a unit that supplies biomass to the crushing device 26, and includes a storage silo 20, a discharge conveyor 22, a transfer conveyor 23, and a biomass storage tank 24. The pretreatment unit 519 supplies the biomass 142 directly from the biomass storage tank 24 to the pulverizer 520. That is, the biomass supply apparatus 511 of the present embodiment does not perform carbonization of the biomass 140 in the pretreatment unit 519.

  The pulverizer 520 is a tube mill and is disposed on the lower side in the vertical direction of the biomass storage tank 24. The pulverizer 520 has an input port through which the biomass 140 is input and an output port through which the fine powder 145 is discharged. The crushing device 420 has a discharge port connected to the pipe 522 and supplies fine powder 145 to the pipe 522. The pipe 522 and the air supply pipe 21 are connected to the supply pipe 28. The biomass supply device 511 can supply the fine powder 145 from the pipe 522 and supply air from the air supply pipe 21, thereby creating a mixed flow of the fine powder 145 and air 148 toward the boiler body 31 in the supply pipe 28. .

  The heating means 524 heats and carbonizes the biomass conveyed by the pulverizer 520. In the heating unit 524, the pipe 106 and the pipe 108 are connected to the pulverizer 520. The heating unit 524 supplies the branched exhaust gas 131 from the pipe 106 to the pulverizer 520 and heats the biomass 140 in the pulverizer 520. The heating means 524 passes through the pulverizing apparatus 520 and discharges the pyrolysis gas 132 containing tar and gas generated by heating the biomass 140 through the pipe 108.

  The pulverizer 520 pulverizes the biomass 140 input from the inlet, and conveys it toward the outlet. In the pulverizer 520, the input biomass 140 is heated by the heating means 524 and carbonized. Thereby, the pulverizer 520 can simultaneously carbonize and pulverize the biomass stored therein, and the biomass 140 that has reached the discharge port is made into fine powder 145.

  As described above, the power generation system 510 has the same effect as that of the power generation system 10 by heating the biomass in the pulverizer 520 with the heating means, or by heating the biomass using the branched exhaust gas 131 with the heating means 524. Can be obtained. That is, the power generation system 510 can easily process the biomass in the pulverizer 520 with the heating unit 524 in a state where the biomass is not reduced in calorie.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Electric power generation system 11, 160, 170, 180, 310, 410, 510 Biomass supply apparatus 12 Fossil fuel supply apparatus 19 Pretreatment unit 20 Storage silo 21 Air supply piping (air supply system)
22 Dispensing conveyor 23 Conveying conveyor 24 Biomass storage tank 25 Feeder 26 Crusher (mill)
28 Supply piping 30 Boiler 31 Boiler body 32 Combustion device 33 Combustion burner (combustion burner for fossil fuel)
34 Combustion burner (combustion burner combined with biomass and fossil fuel)
39 Air supply piping 42 Flue 51 Air heater 52 Dust removal device 53 Blower 60 Power generation device 62 Piping unit 100, 163 Heating means 104 Kiln 106, 108, 117 Piping 106a, 106b, 108a, 108b Branch pipe 116, 122 Gas recirculation fan 118 Valve 120 Piping 130, 130a Control unit 131 Branched exhaust gas 132 Pyrolysis gas 140 Biomass 142 Carbonized biomass 144 Fine powder 148 Air 149 Pulverized coal 164 Temperature detection unit 165 Jacket 166 Heat transfer piping 167 Rotating unit 168 Guide tube 169 Drive source 250 Coal 251a 251b, 251c Hopper 252a, 252b Coal crusher 253 Piping

Claims (14)

A boiler body for burning fuel;
A economizer disposed in the path of exhaust gas discharged from the boiler body,
An air heater disposed downstream of the economizer in the exhaust gas path;
A biomass supply unit that supplies biomass as the fuel to the boiler body,
The biomass supply unit branches a part of the exhaust gas flowing between the pulverizing means for pulverizing the biomass, a pretreatment unit for supplying the biomass to the pulverizing means, the economizer and the air heater, A boiler system comprising: a branched flue gas and a heating means for heating the biomass by exchanging heat between the pulverizing means and the biomass in at least one of the pretreatment unit. The pretreatment unit is
A biomass storage tank for storing biomass;
Supply means before storage for supplying biomass to the biomass storage tank;
A post-storage supply means for supplying the biomass stored in the biomass storage tank to the pulverization means,
The boiler system according to claim 1, wherein the heating unit heats the biomass in any of the supply unit before storage, the biomass storage tank, and the supply unit after storage.   The boiler system according to claim 2, wherein the heating unit heats the biomass conveyed toward the pulverizing unit by the supply unit after storage.   The boiler system according to claim 3, wherein the pretreatment unit includes a cooling unit that cools the heated biomass conveyed by the supply unit after storage.   4. The boiler system according to claim 3, wherein the pretreatment unit has the crushing unit disposed adjacent to an end of a region where the heating unit heats the biomass. The heating means includes a cover portion that covers an outer periphery of a biomass conveyance path, and a heating source that supplies the branched exhaust gas to the cover portion,
The boiler system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the biomass is heated by supplying the branched exhaust gas into the cover portion by the heating source.   The boiler system according to claim 6, wherein the heating unit causes the branched exhaust gas to flow in a direction opposite to a conveying direction of the biomass.   The boiler system according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the heating unit heats a region including a region where the biomass is stored by the branched exhaust gas. The pulverizing means is a mechanism for pulverizing while conveying the biomass from one direction to the other direction,
The boiler system according to claim 1, wherein the heating unit heats the biomass pulverized by the pulverizing unit.   The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pulverizing unit is further supplied with coal, pulverizes the coal and the biomass, and supplies the coal and the biomass to the boiler body. The heating means includes a temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the branched exhaust gas to be guided,
A temperature adjusting mechanism for supplying temperature adjusting exhaust gas branched downstream of the branch exhaust gas in the distribution path of the exhaust gas;
The control unit according to claim 1, further comprising: a control unit that adjusts an amount of the temperature adjustment exhaust gas supplied to the branch exhaust gas by the temperature adjustment mechanism based on a detection result of the temperature detection unit. The boiler system as described in any one of Claims.   The temperature at a position where the branched exhaust gas is branched from between the economizer and the air heater is 250 ° C or higher and 400 ° C or lower, according to any one of claims 1 to 11. Boiler system.   The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heating unit heats the biomass to 250 ° C to 400 ° C. The boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the heating unit supplies air discharged from an area where the biomass is heated to the boiler body.

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