JP2014037025A - Angle head tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an angle head tool which achieves high design flexibility of an intersection angle and may be applied to precision work.SOLUTION: An angle head tool 1 includes: a shank 10 connected with a spindle 3 of a machine tool; a tool 20 which cuts a work-piece; a holder 30 which holds the tool 20; and a case 40 which is connected with a spindle head 2 of the machine tool and rotatably holds the shank 10 and the holder 30. An angle between a rotation axis line A1 of the shank 10 and a rotation axis line A2 of the holder 30 is set to a predetermined intersection angle θ. A transmission mechanism 69, which transmits rotations of the shank 10 to the holder 30, includes a universal joint 60 capable of connecting an input side shaft part 14 with an output side shaft part 31 so as to make a given intersection angle θ therebetween.

Description

  The present invention relates to an angle head tool, and more particularly to a tool for rotating a cutter around an axis in a direction intersecting with an axis of a main shaft.

Conventionally, machine tools such as machining centers have been frequently used in the cutting field.
In these machine tools, the spindle on which the cutting tool is mounted is rotated at high speed, and the tool's blade position is accurately controlled by the X, Y, Z three-axis drive system, realizing high-precision machining of the workpiece. Yes.
Usually, a spindle in a machine tool is supported by the spindle head and is directed in a certain direction. Therefore, the direction of the tool in the machine tool is also constant. However, in recent various machining requirements, it is sometimes required that the direction of the tool is a crossing direction, for example, a right angle with respect to the rotation axis of the main shaft.
An angle head tool (angle head attachment) is used as a response to such a demand (see Patent Document 1).

The angle head tool has a tapered shank that can be connected to the main shaft at one end of a cylindrical or box-shaped casing. At the other end of the casing, a cutter capable of rotating around the axis of rotation of the taper shank is installed, and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the taper shank to the cutter is installed inside the casing. Further, the casing is provided with an engagement mechanism that engages with the spindle head when the taper shank is mounted on the spindle for stopping rotation.
In such an angle head tool, the taper shank, the transmission mechanism, and the cutter are rotated by rotating the main shaft in this state by attaching the taper shank to the main shaft and integrating the casing and the main shaft head by the engagement mechanism. And this cutting tool can perform cutting (angle head processing) in the rotational direction intersecting the main axis.

The direction of the blade in the angle head tool (the direction of the rotation axis of the blade around the spindle axis) is defined by an engagement mechanism for preventing rotation between the casing and the spindle head.
For example, if the main shaft and the cutter form a right angle, the axis of the cutter can be set in any direction within the plane orthogonal to the main shaft depending on the angular position around the main shaft axis of the casing.
Although the setting of these orientations may be performed manually, automatic setting by an indexing positioning device has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).

  The indexing / positioning device of Patent Document 2 has a locking mechanism for locking the casing and the spindle head at a plurality of positions on the outer periphery of the taper shank, and the casing and the taper shank when the engagement mechanism is released. The main shaft is rotated at a slow speed with the engagement mechanism released, and is rotated around the main shaft axis of the casing, and is engaged by any of the engagement mechanisms on the outer periphery of the taper shank. Thus, a plurality of angular positions can be selected.

In the apparatus of Patent Document 3, the angle of the angle head with respect to the spindle head is kept constant, and a portion that rotates with respect to the constant angle portion is provided so that the posture can be adjusted by rotating this with the spindle. Yes.
According to such a configuration of Patent Document 3, the point of adjusting the mounting angle of the angle head with respect to the spindle head using the rotation of the spindle is the same as that of Patent Document 2 described above, but the structure is further simplified. be able to. That is, in the configuration of Patent Document 3, an engagement mechanism for stopping rotation with respect to the main shaft can be simplified, and the outward protrusion can be eliminated.

JP 2004-130423 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4339 JP 2011-245616 A

In the angle head tool described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above, the intersection angle between the rotation axis of the main shaft and the rotation axis of the cutter is generally set to 90 degrees. And, in order to transmit the rotation of the main shaft as the rotation of the blade in the cross direction, a gear mechanism is used inside, respectively, and a configuration using a pair of 45-degree bevel gears to perform 90-degree angle conversion. It has been adopted.
However, in the conventional angle head tool, there is a demand for the angle of intersection of the blade with respect to the main axis to be another angle, for example, 30 degrees or 45 degrees.

In response to such a demand, in the conventional angle head tool, when the crossing angle of the spindle and the rotation axis of the cutter is changed to another angle, the shape of the bevel teeth and the fit of these are not only redesigned of the case part. It is necessary to redesign the gear mechanism.
Since such a gear mechanism needs to be redesigned, the conventional angle head tool has a problem that it is difficult to change the design such as changing the crossing angle.
In addition, it is difficult to change the design, and even during normal operation, the rotation is transmitted by the gear mechanism, so minute vibrations associated with meshing are unavoidable, which may interfere with precision machining. There is a problem.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an angle head tool which has a high degree of freedom in design of an intersection angle and can be applied to precision machining.

  The present invention relates to a shank connected to a spindle of a machine tool, a tool for cutting a workpiece, a holder for holding the tool, a spindle connected to the spindle head of the machine tool, and rotatably holding the shank and the holder. An angle head tool in which a rotation axis of the shank and a rotation axis of the holder have a predetermined crossing angle, and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the shank to the holder is an input side And a universal joint capable of connecting the output shaft and the output shaft at an arbitrary crossing angle.

In the present invention, when the shank is driven to rotate by the main shaft, the rotation is transmitted to the holder via the transmission mechanism, and the tool is rotated to perform processing.
At this time, the holder and the tool are arranged at a predetermined crossing angle with respect to the shank and the main shaft, and can be used as an angle head tool.
Since the transmission mechanism uses a universal joint to transmit rotation at a predetermined crossing angle, minute vibrations such as meshing of a conventional gear mechanism can be avoided. It can also be applied to precision machining.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, when it is desired to change the crossing angle between the holder and the tool and the shank and the main shaft, it can be easily handled by replacing the case. In the transmission mechanism, an arbitrary crossing angle can be accommodated by a universal joint, so that the redesign of the transmission mechanism is unnecessary. Therefore, when changing the crossing angle, it is only necessary to change the design of the case, and an angle head tool having an arbitrary crossing angle can be freely designed and manufactured.

In the present invention, various tools such as end mills, drills, and milling cutters or cutting tools can be used as the tools. Further, not only cutting, but also a tool based on another principle such as a grinding tool or a polishing tool can be employed.
It is desirable that these tools can be exchanged as needed by making them detachable from the holder.

  In the angle head tool of the present invention, the case includes a fixed case that holds the shank, and a rotating case that houses the universal joint and the holder, and the fixed case and the rotating case are mutually connected to the shank. It is desirable to be able to rotate around the rotation axis and to be fixed at an arbitrary angular position.

In the present invention as described above, the direction of the tool with respect to the spindle head, that is, the direction as an angle head tool can be freely selected by rotating the rotating case with respect to the fixed case and fixing the rotating case at an arbitrary angle.
The orientation of such a tool may be fixed by rotating the rotating case by manual operation. For example, the tool may be automatically operated by rotating the rotating case with respect to the fixed case using the rotation of the spindle. Good. The technique described in Patent Document 3 can be used for adjusting the direction by such automatic driving.

  In the angle head tool of the present invention, the case has a base portion on the shank side from an intersecting position of the rotation axis of the shank and the rotation axis of the holder, and an inclined portion on the holder side from the intersecting position, It is desirable that the base portion and the inclined portion are connected at the intersecting position.

In the present invention, even when the design of the case is changed according to the crossing angle, the design of each of the base portion and the inclined portion can be diverted, and it can be dealt with by intensively designing the connecting portion, and design work It can be done easily.
Furthermore, the base part and the inclined part have a structure that can be rotated around the intersection position and can be fixed at an arbitrary angle position, and the case is movable, so that the intersection angle as an angle head tool can be arbitrarily set and Can be changed. In other words, the crossing angle can be freely changed while maintaining the same case, not the case design change and replacement, and the crossing angle can be changed at any time during operation on the machine tool.

  In the angle head tool of the present invention, the universal joint is a cardan joint in which a rotation axis orthogonal to the input-side rotation axis and a rotation axis orthogonal to the output-side rotation axis are arranged in directions orthogonal to each other. It is desirable that

In the present invention, reliable rotation transmission can be achieved by using a cardan joint (hook joint) as a universal joint.
Furthermore, by utilizing the non-uniformity characteristic of the cardan joint (variation in angular velocity during one rotation), the rotation speed of the tool can be pulsated between each rotation, improving the so-called cutting performance. Can be used.

  The universal joint of the present invention is not limited to a cardan type joint, and may be a constant velocity ball joint, and stable machining is possible by maintaining a constant angular velocity. In addition, a spring joint may be used as a universal joint, and the structure is simple and inexpensive. However, since the spring joint may be elastically deformed when a large torque is applied, a phase delay or the like may occur.

The perspective view which shows one Embodiment of this invention. The fragmentary sectional view which shows the said embodiment. The top view which shows the said embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1, 2, and 3, the angle head tool 1 of the present invention is used by being mounted on a spindle head 2 and a spindle 3 of a machine tool.
The spindle 3 is rotatably supported by the spindle head 2 and is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown). The machine tool is provided with a drive mechanism for moving the spindle head in each of the X, Y, and Z directions, and the angle head tool 1 can be moved relative to a workpiece placed on the table of the machine tool.

The angle head tool 1 includes a shank 10 connected to the spindle 3, a tool 20 for cutting a workpiece, a holder 30 for holding the tool 20, and a shank 10 and a holder 30 that are connected to the spindle head 2 and are rotatably held. And a case 40.
In the angle head tool 1, the rotation axis A1 of the shank 10 and the rotation axis A2 of the tool 20 and the holder 30 are set to a predetermined crossing angle θ.
In the present embodiment, the intersection angle θ is, for example, 30 degrees. However, in the present embodiment, the crossing angle θ may be appropriately set in the range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees. When the intersection angle θ is 90 degrees, the angle head tool 1 of the present embodiment has the same function as the conventional angle head tool.

  The angle head tool 1 has a transmission mechanism 69 that transmits the rotation of the shank 10 to the holder 30 inside the case 40. The transmission mechanism 69 includes a universal joint 60 that allows an input-side rotating shaft and an output-side rotating shaft to be connected at an arbitrary crossing angle including the above-described crossing angle θ.

The shank 10 is a tapered tool shank based on a standard frequently used in existing machine tools, is connected to a chuck formed at the tip of the main shaft 3, and is driven to rotate by the main shaft 3.
The shank 10 is formed with a grip 11 for gripping with an automatic tool changer (ATC). The grip portion 11 is formed with a V groove 12 for engaging with an ATC holder, and a key groove 13 for locking that is engaged with the main shaft 3 when it is attached to the main shaft 3.
A shaft portion 14 is connected to the grip portion 11 of the shank 10, and the shaft portion 14 is rotatably held by a case 40.

The case 40 includes a fixed case 41 and a rotating case 42.
The fixed case 41 rotatably holds the shaft portion 14 of the shank 10 and is formed in a cylindrical shape coaxial with the shaft portion 14.
An extension portion 43 extending in the radial direction is installed on the side surface of the fixed case 41, and a sub-shank 44 for connecting to the spindle head 2 is installed in the extension portion 43.
The main shaft head 2 is provided with a locking block 4 at a position corresponding to the sub shank 44. When the shank 10 is connected to the main shaft 3, the sub shank 44 is engaged with the locking block 4, thereby fixing the fixed case. 41 is prevented from rotating with respect to the spindle head 2 regardless of the rotation of the spindle 3.

A part of the rotating case 42 is accommodated in the fixed case 41, and the part is supported via a bearing mechanism (not shown). With such a structure, the rotary case 42 is rotatable with respect to the fixed case 41 coaxially with the main shaft 3, that is, about the rotation axis A <b> 1.
An angular scale 45 is formed around the rotating case 42 so that the angular position with respect to the fixed case 41 can be visually observed. An engagement mechanism (not shown) is installed between the fixed case 41 and the rotary case 42, and the fixed case 41 and the rotary case 42 can be engaged with each other at an arbitrary angular position by this engagement mechanism.
In such a case 40, the fixed case 41 and the rotating case 42 can be set at arbitrary angular positions, and the direction of the tool 20 relative to the spindle head 2 can be arbitrarily set.

The rotating case 42 includes a base 46 that is rotatably connected to the fixed case 41 and an inclined portion 47 that is inclined with respect to the base 46 at a predetermined angle.
As shown in FIG. 2, a bearing mechanism 48 is installed in the inclined portion 47, and the holder 30 is rotatably supported by the bearing mechanism 48.
The bearing mechanism 48 and the holder 30 are installed so that the rotation center thereof is the rotation axis A2 described above, and is inclined by the predetermined intersection angle θ described above with respect to the rotation axis A1 of the main shaft 3.

The holder 30 is screwed onto the outer periphery of the chuck 32 by tightening the chuck 32 by the shaft portion 31 supported by the bearing mechanism 48, the chuck 32 formed at the tip of the shaft portion 31, that is, the portion exposed from the rotating case 42. And a ring 33.
The tool 20 is fixed to the holder 30 by inserting the base portion into the chuck 32 and tightened by the ring 33, and can rotate the workpiece 30 with the cutting tool at the tip by rotating together with the holder 30.

As shown in FIG. 2, a universal joint 60 is installed in the rotating case 42 in order to connect the shaft portion 31 of the holder 30 and the shaft portion 14 of the shank 10.
The universal joint 60 is, for example, a cross-pin joint type cardan joint (hook type joint) composed of a pair of yoke members 61, 62 and a spider 63. Further, the rotation axis connecting the spider 63 is arranged in the orthogonal direction, so that the rotation can be transmitted with the rotation axis bent at an arbitrary angle.

The universal joint 60 is disposed at a bent portion of the rotary case 42, that is, a portion where the base portion 46 and the inclined portion 47 are connected, and one yoke member 61 is connected to the shaft portion 14 of the shank 10 in the base portion 46. In the inclined portion 47, the other yoke member 62 is connected to the shaft portion 31 of the holder 30.
In the present embodiment, a transmission mechanism 69 is configured by the shaft portion 14 of the shank 10, the universal joint 60, and the shaft portion 31 of the holder 30. By this transmission mechanism 69, the rotational force of the main shaft 3 transmitted to the shank 10 is transmitted to the holder 30 inclined by the predetermined crossing angle θ described above via the universal joint 60, whereby the tool 20 can be driven to rotate. is there.

The following can be mentioned as an effect in such this embodiment.
In this embodiment, when the shank 10 is rotationally driven by the main shaft 3, this rotation is transmitted to the holder 30 via the transmission mechanism 69, and the workpiece can be processed by rotating the tool 20.
At this time, the rotation axis A2 of the holder 30 and the tool 20 is set to a predetermined crossing angle θ with respect to the rotation axis A1 of the shank 10 and the main shaft 3, and the function as the angle head tool 1 can be obtained.
In the transmission mechanism 69, the universal joint 60 (universal joint) is used to transmit the rotation at a predetermined crossing angle θ, so that minute vibrations such as meshing of the conventional gear mechanism are avoided. Can also be applied to precision machining.

In this embodiment, when it is desired to change the crossing angle θ between the holder 30 and the tool 20 and the shank 10 and the main shaft 3, it can be easily dealt with by replacing the case 40.
In the transmission mechanism 69, the universal joint 60 can cope with an arbitrary crossing angle θ, and therefore, redesign of the transmission mechanism 69 is unnecessary. Therefore, in changing the crossing angle θ, it is only necessary to change the design of the case 40, and the angle head tool 1 having an arbitrary crossing angle θ can be freely designed and manufactured.

In particular, in the present embodiment, the case 40 is divided into a fixed case 41 and a rotating case 42, and the universal joint 60 is accommodated in the rotating case 42, so that the fixed case 41 can be shared regardless of the crossing angle θ. The change only needs to be made for the rotating case 42.
For this reason, it is possible to minimize the number of parts that need to be changed in accordance with the change in the crossing angle θ, and it is possible to further simplify the design work and reduce the cost associated with the change in design.

  In the present embodiment, the case 40 is divided into a fixed case 41 and a rotary case 42, and the fixed case 41 and the rotary case 42 are rotatable around the rotation axis A 1 of the shank 10 and the main shaft 3 and fixed at an arbitrary angular position. It was possible. For this reason, by rotating the rotating case 42 with respect to the fixed case 41 and fixing it at an arbitrary angle, the direction of the tool 20 relative to the spindle head 2, that is, the direction as the angle head tool 1 can be freely selected.

  In this embodiment, the rotating case 42 constituting the case 40 is divided into a base 46 on the shank 10 side and an inclined portion 47 on the holder 30 side, and these are the positions of the universal joint 60 that is the intersection of the rotation axes A1 and A2. Connected with. For this reason, even when the design of the rotating case 42 is changed according to the crossing angle θ, the design of each of the base 46 and the inclined portion 47 can be diverted and can be dealt with by focusing on the connecting portion, and the design work Can be done easily.

In this embodiment, since the cardan joint using the yoke members 61 and 62 and the spider 63 is used as the universal joint 60, reliable rotation transmission can be performed.
Furthermore, in the universal joint 60, the rotational speed of the tool 20 can be pulsated between each rotation by utilizing the non-uniformity characteristic (variation in angular velocity during one rotation) that is a characteristic of the cardan joint. It can be used to improve so-called cutting performance.

[Modification]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and the like within a scope in which the object of the present invention can be achieved are included in the present invention.
In the said embodiment, although the end mill was used as the tool 20, as a tool of this invention, various cutters or cutting tools, such as a drill and a milling cutter, can be utilized besides an end mill. Further, not only cutting, but also a tool based on another principle such as a grinding tool or a polishing tool can be employed.
These tools are preferably the tool 20 that can be replaced at any time by being detachable from the holder 30 as in the above-described embodiment. However, a tool that is fixed to the holder 30 and cannot be replaced may be used.

In the above embodiment, the orientation of the tool 20 with respect to the spindle head 2 is fixed to the fixed case 41 by rotating the rotary case 42 by manual operation. For example, the rotary case 42 is fixed to the fixed case 41 using the rotation of the spindle 3. You may perform by an automatic driving | operation by rotating with respect to.
The technique described in Patent Document 3 can be used for adjusting the direction by such automatic driving.

In the above embodiment, the integral rotating case 42 in which the base 46 and the inclined portion 47 are fixedly connected at a predetermined crossing angle θ is used. However, the base 46 and the inclined portion 47 are rotatably connected. Alternatively, a movable rotating case 42 may be used.
For example, if the base portion 46 and the inclined portion 47 are connected so as to be rotatable around the position where the universal joint 60 is installed, and can be fixed at an arbitrary angular position, the intersection as the angle head tool 1 is achieved. The angle θ can be set and changed arbitrarily. That is, instead of design change and replacement of the case 40, the crossing angle θ can be freely changed with the same case 40, and the crossing angle θ can be changed at any time during operation on the machine tool.

  In the above embodiment, a cardan joint is used as the universal joint 60. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a constant velocity ball joint may be used. When a constant velocity ball joint is used as the universal joint 60, stable machining is possible because the angular velocity is constant. Moreover, a spring joint may be used as the universal joint 60, and the structure is extremely simple and inexpensive.

In the above embodiment, only one universal joint 60 is installed in the transmission mechanism 69, but a plurality of universal joints 60 may be installed in series.
At this time, the plurality of universal joints 60 may connect the same type or may connect different types of joints.
When a plurality of cardan joints are connected, the pulsation due to the above-mentioned inconstant velocity can be emphasized by matching each phase. On the other hand, by setting the phase of the two cardan joints to 90 degrees, it is possible to cancel the non-uniformity in each, and by setting the phase angle in the middle, the non-uniform velocity can be adjusted.

In the above embodiment, the intersection angle θ is 30 degrees, or the intersection angle θ may be appropriately set in the range of 0 to 90 degrees. However, when the intersection angle θ is 60 degrees or more, the universal joint 60 It is desirable that the angle shared by each universal joint 60 should not exceed 45 degrees as much as possible.
If a plurality of universal joints 60 are used in this manner, for example, the crossing angle θ of 90 degrees or more, that is, an arrangement in which the tool 20 faces the spindle head 2 side can be made.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Angle head tool 2 ... Spindle head 3 ... Spindle 4 ... Locking block 10 ... Shank 11 ... Gripping part 12 ... Groove 13 ... Key groove 14 ... Shaft part 20 ... Tool 30 ... Holder 31 ... Shaft part 32 ... Chuck 33 ... Ring 40 ... Case 41 ... Fixed case 42 ... Rotating case 43 ... Extension 44 ... Sub shank 45 ... Angle scale 46 ... Base 47 ... Slope 48 ... Bearing mechanism 60 ... Universal joint 61, 62 ... Yoke member 63 ... Spider 69 ... Transmission mechanism A1, A2 ... Rotation axis θ ... Intersection angle

Claims (4)

A shank connected to the spindle of the machine tool, a tool for cutting a workpiece, a holder for holding the tool, and a case connected to the spindle head of the machine tool and rotatably holding the shank and the holder. An angle head tool in which a rotation axis of the shank and a rotation axis of the holder have a predetermined crossing angle;
An angle head tool characterized in that the transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotation of the shank to the holder includes a universal joint capable of connecting the input side rotary shaft and the output side rotary shaft at an arbitrary crossing angle. The angle head tool according to claim 1,
The case includes a fixed case that holds the shank, and a rotating case that houses the universal joint and the holder, and the fixed case and the rotating case can rotate around the axis of rotation of the shank and are optional. An angle head tool that can be fixed at any angular position. In the angle head tool according to claim 1 or 2,
The case has a base portion on the shank side from an intersection position between the rotation axis of the shank and the rotation axis of the holder, and an inclined portion on the holder side from the intersection position, and the base portion and the inclination portion are An angle head tool connected at the crossing position. In the angle head tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The universal joint is a cardan joint in which a rotation axis orthogonal to the input-side rotation axis and a rotation axis orthogonal to the output-side rotation axis are arranged in directions orthogonal to each other. Head tool.

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