JP2014019992A - Short fiber nonwoven fabric of high elongation - Google Patents
Short fiber nonwoven fabric of high elongation Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、高い伸長性をもち、機械的特性にも優れた短繊維不織布に関するものである。特に、土木用途、建築用途等に好適に用いられる短繊維不織布に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a short fiber nonwoven fabric having high extensibility and excellent mechanical properties. In particular, the present invention relates to a short fiber nonwoven fabric suitably used for civil engineering applications, architectural applications, and the like.
伸度の高い不織布としては、熱収縮性能の異なる複数の不織布を積層しニードルパンチで接合した後に熱処理を施し、各層の熱収縮差により積層不織布に凹凸皺を発生付与したものが挙げられる（例えば、特許文献１）。特許文献１の不織布によれば、引張応力が加わることにより不織布の有する凹凸皺が伸びることによって高伸度となる。すなわち、皺の大きさの分だけ、伸びを発現することとなる。 Examples of the nonwoven fabric having a high degree of elongation include those obtained by laminating a plurality of nonwoven fabrics having different heat shrink performances and joining them with a needle punch, followed by heat treatment, and generating and imparting uneven wrinkles to the laminated nonwoven fabric due to the difference in heat shrinkage of each layer (for example, Patent Document 1). According to the nonwoven fabric of patent document 1, it becomes high elongation by extending | stretching the uneven | corrugated ridge which a nonwoven fabric has, when tensile stress is added. That is, the elongation is expressed by the size of the wrinkles.
しかしながら、不織布に付与できる凹凸皺の大きさには限度があり、さらに高い伸び率、例えば３００％付近の伸び率を凹凸皺により付与することは困難である。また、この方法では、凹凸皺を付与するためには、熱処理工程を必須としており、工数が増えることによる労力やエネルギー消費の大きいものである。さらには、積層不織布に凹凸皺が付与されているため必然的に嵩の高い不織布になり、保管や輸送効率においても不利である。 However, there is a limit to the size of the uneven ridge that can be imparted to the nonwoven fabric, and it is difficult to impart a higher elongation rate, for example, an elongation rate of around 300% with the uneven crease. Moreover, in this method, in order to give uneven | corrugated wrinkles, the heat processing process is essential, and the labor and energy consumption by an increase in a man-hour are large. Furthermore, since uneven ridges are imparted to the laminated nonwoven fabric, it is inevitably a bulky nonwoven fabric, which is disadvantageous in terms of storage and transportation efficiency.
一方、大半の不織布は石油系合成繊維を原料として製造されているが、近年、石油資源の枯渇や温暖化ガス（二酸化炭素）の増加など、資源環境問題が深刻化しており、環境負荷低減の対策が必要となり、石油資源への依存を低減し、温暖化ガスの増加を防ぐため植物由来の原料で製造された商品の普及推進が求められている。 On the other hand, most nonwoven fabrics are manufactured using petroleum-based synthetic fibers as raw materials. However, in recent years, resource environment problems such as depletion of petroleum resources and an increase in greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) have become serious, reducing the environmental burden. Countermeasures are required, and there is a need to promote the spread of products made from plant-derived raw materials in order to reduce dependence on petroleum resources and prevent an increase in greenhouse gases.
本発明は上記問題を解決するものであって、高い伸度を有し、かつ環境負荷低減を考慮してなる不織布を、製造コストをかけずに容易に提供することを課題とするものである。 This invention solves the said problem, and makes it a subject to provide easily the nonwoven fabric which has high elongation and considers environmental load reduction without manufacturing cost. .
本発明者は、上記の課題を達成するために検討した結果、本発明に到達した。 The present inventor has reached the present invention as a result of studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems.
すなわち、本発明は、破断伸び率が３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維を主体繊維とし、構成繊維同士がニードルパンチ処理により三次元的に交絡して一体化してなる不織布であり、該不織布の伸び率が縦方向および横方向ともに２００％以上であることを特徴とする高伸度短繊維不織布を要旨とするものである。 That is, the present invention is a nonwoven fabric in which polylactic acid short fibers having a breaking elongation of 300% or more are main fibers, and the constituent fibers are three-dimensionally entangled and integrated by needle punch processing, and the elongation of the nonwoven fabric A high elongation short fiber nonwoven fabric characterized in that the rate is 200% or more in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明の不織布は、破断伸び率が３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維を主体繊維としている。このような破断伸び率が３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維としては、短繊維を構成するポリ乳酸の複屈折率が０．０１５以下である短繊維を用いるとよい。好ましくは、ポリ乳酸の複屈折率が０．００６以下である。ポリ乳酸短繊維において、ポリ乳酸の複屈折率が０．０１５以下のものは、繊維の配向結晶化がほとんど進んでいない。したがって、短繊維は、引張応力に対して３００％以上の大きな伸度を発揮するものとなる。このようなポリ乳酸短繊維を構成繊維とする不織布に引張応力が付加されると、この引張応力によって該ポリ乳酸短繊維自身が容易に伸長する。その結果、不織布は、縦方向、横方向ともに、高い伸び率すなわち２００％以上の破断伸び率を有するものとなる。短繊維を構成する重合体として、ポリ乳酸を選択する理由は、植物由来の原料であり、植物由来の原料は、燃やしても、もともと空気中にあった二酸化炭素を再び空気中に戻すだけである、いわゆるカーボンニュートラルであり、地球温暖化への影響はなく、このような植物由来の原料の利用を図ることは、石油由来のエネルギーや製品の代替につながり、化石資源由来の二酸化炭素の発生を抑制できることから、地球温暖化の防止の観点から好ましいためである。 The nonwoven fabric of the present invention uses polylactic acid short fibers having a breaking elongation of 300% or more as a main fiber. As such a polylactic acid short fiber having a breaking elongation of 300% or more, a short fiber having a birefringence of 0.015 or less of the polylactic acid constituting the short fiber may be used. Preferably, polylactic acid has a birefringence of 0.006 or less. In polylactic acid short fibers, when the polylactic acid has a birefringence of 0.015 or less, oriented crystallization of the fibers hardly progresses. Therefore, the short fiber exhibits a large elongation of 300% or more with respect to the tensile stress. When a tensile stress is applied to a nonwoven fabric having such a polylactic acid short fiber as a constituent fiber, the polylactic acid short fiber itself is easily stretched by the tensile stress. As a result, the nonwoven fabric has a high elongation rate, that is, a breaking elongation rate of 200% or more in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. The reason why polylactic acid is selected as the polymer constituting the short fiber is a plant-derived raw material. Even if the plant-derived raw material is burned, the carbon dioxide originally in the air is simply returned to the air again. It is a so-called carbon neutral that has no impact on global warming, and the use of such plant-derived raw materials leads to the substitution of petroleum-derived energy and products, and the generation of carbon dioxide derived from fossil resources. This is because it is preferable from the viewpoint of prevention of global warming.
このように複屈折率が０．０１５以下のポリ乳酸によって構成される短繊維は、例えば、溶融紡糸における紡糸速度を低紡速（８００〜１３００ｍ／分）で行って、紡糸段階においてもポリ乳酸の結晶配向化が促進しないようにし、その後、溶融紡糸により得られた繊維は、熱延伸を施さずに結晶配向を促進させないようにすることで得ることができる。 As described above, the short fiber composed of polylactic acid having a birefringence of 0.015 or less is obtained by, for example, performing spinning at a low spinning speed (800 to 1300 m / min) in melt spinning, and also at the spinning stage. It is possible to obtain a fiber obtained by melt spinning so that the crystal orientation is not promoted without being subjected to hot drawing.
本発明の不織布は、破断伸び率が３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維を主体繊維としているが、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲であれば、破断伸び率が３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維以外の短繊維（以下、「他の短繊維」という）を含有してもよい。ただし、他の短繊維を含む場合の含有率は多くとも２０質量％未満とし、より好ましくは多くとも１０質量％以下とする。なお、本発明の不織布においては、破断伸び率が３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維のみを構成繊維とすることが最も好ましい。他の短繊維の含有率が多くなると得られる短繊維不織布の破断伸び率が小さくなる傾向となる。他の短繊維は、破断伸び率は５０％以上の短繊維であることが好ましい。破断伸び率が５０％以下の場合、得られる不織布の破断伸び率が低下する傾向となるためである。他の短繊維を構成するポリエステルとしては、ポリ乳酸、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等が挙げられるが、環境配慮の観点からポリ乳酸が好ましい。 The non-woven fabric of the present invention is mainly composed of polylactic acid short fibers having a breaking elongation of 300% or more, but other than polylactic acid short fibers having a breaking elongation of 300% or more as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Short fibers (hereinafter referred to as “other short fibers”). However, the content when other short fibers are included is at most 20% by mass, more preferably at most 10% by mass. In the nonwoven fabric of the present invention, it is most preferable to use only polylactic acid short fibers having a breaking elongation of 300% or more as constituent fibers. When the content of other short fibers increases, the elongation at break of the obtained short fiber nonwoven fabric tends to decrease. The other short fibers are preferably short fibers having an elongation at break of 50% or more. This is because when the breaking elongation is 50% or less, the breaking elongation of the resulting nonwoven fabric tends to decrease. Examples of the polyester constituting other short fibers include polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate. Polylactic acid is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental considerations.
本発明において用いられるポリ乳酸としては、ポリＤ−乳酸、ポリＬ−乳酸、ポリＤ−乳酸とポリＬ−乳酸との共重合体であるポリＤＬ−乳酸、ポリＤ−乳酸とポリＬ−乳酸との混合物（ステレオコンプレックス）、ポリＤ−乳酸とヒドロキシカルボン酸との共重合体、ポリＬ−乳酸とヒドロキシカルボン酸との共重合体、ポリＤ−乳酸またはポリＬ−乳酸と脂肪族ジカルボン酸および脂肪族ジオールとの共重合体、あるいはこれらのブレンド体とすることが好ましい。 Examples of the polylactic acid used in the present invention include poly D-lactic acid, poly L-lactic acid, poly DL-lactic acid that is a copolymer of poly D-lactic acid and poly L-lactic acid, poly D-lactic acid, and poly L-lactic acid. (Stereo complex), copolymer of poly D-lactic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid, copolymer of poly L-lactic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid, poly D-lactic acid or poly L-lactic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid And a copolymer with an aliphatic diol or a blend thereof.
また、ポリ乳酸としては、なかでも融点が１２０℃以上で融解熱が１０Ｊ／ｇ以上のものを選択することが好ましい。ポリ乳酸のホモポリマーであるポリＬ−乳酸やポリＤ−乳酸の融点は約１８０℃であるが、Ｄ−乳酸とＬ−乳酸との共重合体の場合、いずれかの成分の割合を１０モル％以上とすると、融点はおよそ１３０℃程度となり、さらに、いずれかの成分の割合を１８モル％以上とすると、融点は１２０℃未満、融解熱は１０Ｊ／ｇ未満となって、ほぼ完全に非晶性の性質となる。このようなポリマーは、製造工程において特に熱延伸し難くなり、実用上問題のない強度を有する繊維が得られにくくなり、また、耐熱性、耐摩耗性に劣る傾向にある。 In addition, it is preferable to select polylactic acid having a melting point of 120 ° C. or higher and a heat of fusion of 10 J / g or higher. Poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid, which are homopolymers of polylactic acid, have a melting point of about 180 ° C., but in the case of a copolymer of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid, the proportion of any component is 10 mol. % Or more, the melting point is about 130 ° C., and if the proportion of any of the components is 18 mol% or more, the melting point is less than 120 ° C. and the heat of fusion is less than 10 J / g. It becomes a crystalline property. Such a polymer is particularly difficult to be stretched in the production process, makes it difficult to obtain fibers having a practically satisfactory strength, and tends to be inferior in heat resistance and wear resistance.
そこで、ポリ乳酸としては、ラクチドを原料として重合するときのＬ−乳酸やＤ−乳酸の含有割合で示されるＬ−乳酸とＤ−乳酸の含有比（モル比）であるＬ／ＤまたはＤ／Ｌが、８２／１８以上のものが好ましく、なかでも９０／１０以上、さらには９５／５以上とすることが好ましい。 Therefore, as polylactic acid, L / D or D / which is the content ratio (molar ratio) of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid indicated by the content ratio of L-lactic acid or D-lactic acid when polymerizing using lactide as a raw material. L is preferably 82/18 or more, more preferably 90/10 or more, and further preferably 95/5 or more.
また、ポリ乳酸のなかでも、ポリＤ−乳酸とポリＬ−乳酸との混合物（ステレオコンプレックス）は、融点が２００〜２３０℃と高いため、耐熱性を要する用途には好ましく用いることができる。 Among polylactic acids, a mixture (stereocomplex) of poly-D-lactic acid and poly-L-lactic acid has a high melting point of 200 to 230 ° C., and therefore can be preferably used for applications requiring heat resistance.
ポリ乳酸とヒドロキシカルボン酸の共重合体である場合は、ヒドロキシカルボン酸の具体例としてはグリコール酸、ヒドロキシ酪酸、ヒドロキシ吉草酸、ヒドロキシカプロン酸、ヒドロキシペンタン酸、ヒドロキシヘプタン酸、ヒドロキシオクタン酸等が挙げられる。なかでもヒドロキシカプロン酸またはグリコール酸を用いることがコスト面からも好ましい。 In the case of a copolymer of polylactic acid and hydroxycarboxylic acid, specific examples of hydroxycarboxylic acid include glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, hydroxypentanoic acid, hydroxyheptanoic acid, hydroxyoctanoic acid, etc. Can be mentioned. Of these, use of hydroxycaproic acid or glycolic acid is preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
ポリ乳酸と脂肪族ジカルボン酸および脂肪族ジオールとの共重合体の場合は、脂肪族ジカルボン酸および脂肪族ジオールとしては、セバシン酸、アジピン酸、ドデカン二酸、トリメチレングリコール、１，４−ブタンジオール、１，６−ヘキサンジオール等が挙げられる。 In the case of a copolymer of polylactic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic diol, the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic diol include sebacic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedioic acid, trimethylene glycol, 1,4-butane. Diol, 1,6-hexanediol, etc. are mentioned.
ポリ乳酸に他の成分を共重合させる場合は、ポリ乳酸を８０モル％以上とすることが好ましい。８０モル％未満であると、共重合体の結晶性が低くなり、融点１２０℃未満、融解熱１０Ｊ／ｇ未満となりやすい。 When polylactic acid is copolymerized with other components, the polylactic acid is preferably 80 mol% or more. If it is less than 80 mol%, the crystallinity of the copolymer tends to be low, and the melting point tends to be less than 120 ° C. and the heat of fusion less than 10 J / g.
ポリ乳酸の分子量としては、分子量の指標として用いられるＡＳＴＭ Ｄ−１２３８法に準じ、温度２１０℃、荷重２１６０ｇで測定したメルトフローレートが１〜１００ｇ／１０分であることが好ましく、より好ましくは５〜５０ｇ／１０分である。メルトフローレートをこの範囲にすることにより、強度、湿熱分解性、耐摩耗性が向上する。 The molecular weight of polylactic acid is preferably 1 to 100 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 5 in terms of the melt flow rate measured at a temperature of 210 ° C. and a load of 2160 g according to the ASTM D-1238 method used as an index of molecular weight. ~ 50 g / 10 min. By setting the melt flow rate within this range, strength, wet heat decomposability, and wear resistance are improved.
また、ポリ乳酸の耐久性を高める目的で、ポリ乳酸に脂肪族アルコール、カルボジイミド化合物、オキサゾリン化合物、オキサジン化合物、エポキシ化合物などの末端封鎖剤を添加してもよい。さらに、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲であれば、必要に応じて、ポリ乳酸中に熱安定剤、結晶核剤、艶消剤、顔料、耐光剤、耐候剤、滑剤、酸化防止剤、抗菌剤、香料、可塑剤、染料、界面活性剤、難燃剤、表面改質剤、各種無機および有機電解質、その他類似の添加剤を１種類または２種類以上添加してもよい。 For the purpose of enhancing the durability of polylactic acid, a terminal blocking agent such as an aliphatic alcohol, a carbodiimide compound, an oxazoline compound, an oxazine compound, or an epoxy compound may be added to polylactic acid. Furthermore, as long as it does not impair the purpose of the present invention, a heat stabilizer, a crystal nucleating agent, a matting agent, a pigment, a light-proofing agent, a weathering agent, a lubricant, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent are included in polylactic acid as necessary. One kind or two or more kinds of additives, fragrances, plasticizers, dyes, surfactants, flame retardants, surface modifiers, various inorganic and organic electrolytes, and other similar additives may be added.
本発明の不織布を構成する短繊維の単糸繊度は、特に限定するものではなく用途に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、１．３〜３３ｄｔｅｘが好ましく、さらには２．２〜１１ｄｔｅｘがより好ましい。単糸繊度が１．３ｄｔｅｘ未満のものは、繊維自体の強力が劣る傾向にあり、用途が限定される傾向となる。一方、３３ｄｔｅｘを超えると、同じ目付の不織布を得ようとしたときに、不織布を構成する短繊維の本数が相対的に少なくなり、不織布の強度が低くなる傾向にある。 The single yarn fineness of the short fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the application, but is preferably 1.3 to 33 dtex, more preferably 2.2 to 11 dtex. . When the single yarn fineness is less than 1.3 dtex, the strength of the fiber itself tends to be inferior, and the application tends to be limited. On the other hand, when it exceeds 33 dtex, when trying to obtain a nonwoven fabric having the same basis weight, the number of short fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is relatively reduced, and the strength of the nonwoven fabric tends to be lowered.
不織布を構成する短繊維の繊維長は、３２〜１００ｍｍが好ましく、さらには３８ｍｍ以上がより好ましい。繊維長を３２ｍｍ以上とすることにより、破断伸び率のより高い不織布が得られ易い。また、製造工程におけるカード機での開繊時に、繊維の脱落が発生しにくく操業性が良好である。一方、繊維長を１００ｍｍ以下とすることにより、得られる不織布の地合いが均一となり、また、カード機で良好に解繊できる。 本発明の不織布は、構成繊維同士がニードルパンチ処理により三次元的に交絡して一体化してなる。構成繊維同士がニードルパンチ処理により三次元的に交絡しているため、繊維の長手方向における繊維軸は不織布の面方向だけでなく不織布の厚み方向にも位置して三次元的に配置されることとなる。また、その三次元的な方向に位置した状態で交絡しているため、構成繊維はある程度の自由度を有するものとなり、引張応力に対して不織布としても伸びやすい形態となる。また、厚みが大きく嵩高の不織布となるため、土木用途や建築用途に好適に使用できる。 The fiber length of the short fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is preferably 32 to 100 mm, and more preferably 38 mm or more. By setting the fiber length to 32 mm or more, it is easy to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a higher elongation at break. Further, when the fiber card is opened in the manufacturing process, the fibers are less likely to fall off and the operability is good. On the other hand, by setting the fiber length to 100 mm or less, the resulting nonwoven fabric has a uniform texture and can be satisfactorily defibrated with a card machine. The non-woven fabric of the present invention is formed by integrating the constituent fibers with each other three-dimensionally by needle punching. Since the constituent fibers are entangled three-dimensionally by the needle punching process, the fiber axis in the longitudinal direction of the fiber is positioned not only in the surface direction of the nonwoven fabric but also in the thickness direction of the nonwoven fabric, and is arranged three-dimensionally. It becomes. Moreover, since it is entangled in a state of being positioned in the three-dimensional direction, the constituent fibers have a certain degree of freedom and are easily stretched as a nonwoven fabric against tensile stress. Moreover, since it becomes a bulky nonwoven fabric with large thickness, it can be used suitably for civil engineering use and building use.
本発明の不織布の目付は、特に限定するものではなく用途に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、１５０〜２０００ｇ／ｍ2程度が好ましい。 The basis weight of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the application, but is preferably about 150 to 2000 g / m 2 .
本発明の不織布の厚みは、特に限定するものではなく用途に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、保管や輸送等のコストあるいは敷設時の作業性を考慮すると、厚みが大き過ぎないものが好ましく、具体的には不織布の目付が１５０〜１０００ｇ／ｍ2の範囲では２〜５ｍｍ程度が好ましい。 The thickness of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the use, but considering the cost of storage and transportation or workability at the time of laying, it is preferable that the thickness is not too large, Specifically, when the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is in the range of 150 to 1000 g / m 2 , about 2 to 5 mm is preferable.
本発明の高伸度短繊維不織布は、伸長性と機械的特性に優れているので、土木用途、建築用途等に好適に用いることができる。特に土木用として、地面その他の凸凹状の起伏を有する場所に不織布を敷設する場合に、敷設面への追従が容易で、作業性をはじめとする施工性を大巾に改善することができる。また、本発明の高伸度短繊維不織布は生分解性を有するポリ乳酸によって構成されているため、ポリ乳酸の生分解性を考慮し、敷設する環境を考慮して適用すれば、敷設してから数年後にポリ乳酸が除々に分解するため、用途としての役割が終わった際に回収が不要となるため省力化も図ることができる。 Since the high elongation short fiber nonwoven fabric of the present invention is excellent in extensibility and mechanical properties, it can be suitably used for civil engineering applications and architectural applications. Particularly for civil engineering, when a non-woven fabric is laid on the ground or other places having uneven undulations, it is easy to follow the laying surface and workability including workability can be greatly improved. In addition, since the high elongation short fiber nonwoven fabric of the present invention is composed of biodegradable polylactic acid, it is laid if applied in consideration of the laying environment in consideration of the biodegradability of polylactic acid. Since several years later, polylactic acid gradually decomposes, so that when the role as an application is over, no recovery is required, so that labor can be saved.
本発明の不織布を土木用途に用いる場合は、強度が２００Ｎ／５ｃｍ程度以上であれば土木分野、例えば防砂シート等の用途に好適に用いることができ、より好ましくは強度が４００Ｎ／５ｃｍ以上、さらに好ましくは強度が５００Ｎ／５ｃｍ以上である。 When the non-woven fabric of the present invention is used for civil engineering, it can be suitably used for civil engineering, for example, sandproof sheets, etc., if the strength is about 200 N / 5 cm or more, more preferably the strength is 400 N / 5 cm or more. The strength is preferably 500 N / 5 cm or more.
本発明の高伸度短繊維不織布は、破断伸び率３００％以上のポリ乳酸短繊維を主体繊維とするニードルパンチ短繊維不織布であり、該短繊維が容易に伸長しやすい性質を有することから、短繊維不織布の破断応力以下の応力で該短繊維が容易に伸長する。したがって、縦方向、横方向ともに２００％以上の破断伸び率を有する高伸度であって、環境負荷低減が可能な短繊維不織布を提供することが可能になる。 The high elongation short fiber nonwoven fabric of the present invention is a needle punch short fiber nonwoven fabric mainly composed of polylactic acid short fibers having a breaking elongation of 300% or more, and the short fibers are easily stretched. The short fibers are easily stretched with a stress equal to or lower than the breaking stress of the short fiber nonwoven fabric. Therefore, it is possible to provide a short fiber nonwoven fabric having a high elongation having a breaking elongation of 200% or more in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction and capable of reducing the environmental load.
次に、実施例を用いて本発明を具体的に説明する。実施例中の各種の特性値等の測定、評価方法は次の通りである。
（１）ポリ乳酸のメルトフローレート（ｇ／１０分）
ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ−１２３８に準じて温度２１０℃、荷重２１６０ｇで測定した。
（２）ポリ乳酸の相対粘度
フェノールと四塩化エタンとの等量混合物を溶媒として、温度２０℃で測定した。
（３）不織布の目付
ＪＩＳ Ｌ １９１３ ６．２に準じて測定した。
（４）不織布の厚み
ＪＩＳ Ｌ １９１３ ６．１．２ Ａ法に準じ、０．５ＫＰａの荷重で測定した。
（５）不織布の引張強さ（強度）及び破断伸び率
ＪＩＳ Ｌ １９１３ ６．３に準じ、５ｃｍ巾の試料をつかみ間隔１０ｃｍ、引張速度１０ｃｍ／ｍｉｎで測定した。
Next, the present invention will be specifically described using examples. The measurement and evaluation methods for various characteristic values in the examples are as follows.
(1) Melt flow rate of polylactic acid (g / 10 min)
Measurement was performed at a temperature of 210 ° C. and a load of 2160 g according to ASTM D-1238.
(2) Relative viscosity of polylactic acid It measured at the temperature of 20 degreeC by using the equivalent mixture of phenol and ethane tetrachloride as a solvent.
(3) Fabric weight of nonwoven fabric It was measured according to JIS L 1913 6.2.
(4) Thickness of non-woven fabric According to JIS L 1913 6.1.2 A method, it measured by the load of 0.5 KPa.
(5) Tensile strength (strength) and elongation at break of nonwoven fabric According to JIS L 1913 6.3, a 5 cm wide sample was measured at a gripping interval of 10 cm and a tensile speed of 10 cm / min.
実施例１
融点１７０℃、溶融融解熱３８Ｊ／ｇ、ＭＦＲ（メルトフローレート）２３ｇ／１０分、相対粘度１．８５のポリＤＬ−乳酸（Ｌ／Ｄ＝９８．５／１．５）を準備し、通常の紡糸装置を用いて、紡糸温度２４０℃、吐出量５０３ｇ／分、紡糸速度１０００ｍ／分の条件で紡糸し、未延伸糸を得た。このとき、紡糸口金として、丸断面の０．２０Φの吐出孔が１４５０個穿孔されたものを用いた。得られた未延伸糸を１２．４ｋｔｅｘの繊維束に集束し延伸を行わず、クリンパーで機械捲縮を付与した。その後、ラウリルホスフェートカリ塩を主成分とする一般紡績用油剤を付着量が０．２質量％となるように付与した後、カットして単糸繊度３．３ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長６４ｍｍの高伸度のポリ乳酸短繊維（以下、高伸度の短繊維という。）を得た。この高伸度の短繊維の複屈折率は、０．００５、伸度３３０％であった。
Example 1
A poly DL-lactic acid (L / D = 98.5 / 1.5) having a melting point of 170 ° C., a melting and melting heat of 38 J / g, an MFR (melt flow rate) of 23 g / 10 minutes, and a relative viscosity of 1.85 was prepared. Was spun at a spinning temperature of 240 ° C., a discharge rate of 503 g / min, and a spinning speed of 1000 m / min to obtain an undrawn yarn. At this time, a spinneret having 1450 discharge holes of 0.20Φ having a round cross section was used. The obtained undrawn yarn was converged into a fiber bundle of 12.4 ktex and not stretched, and mechanical crimping was applied with a crimper. Thereafter, a general spinning oil mainly composed of lauryl phosphate potassium salt was applied so that the adhesion amount was 0.2% by mass, and then cut to obtain a single yarn fineness of 3.3 dtex and a high elongation of 64 mm. Polylactic acid short fibers (hereinafter referred to as high elongation short fibers) were obtained. The high elongation short fiber had a birefringence of 0.005 and an elongation of 330%.
得られた高伸度の短繊維をカード機で解繊した後、クロスレイアーで積層し乾式ウェブを作成し、その後バーブ付きニードルを有するニードルロッカーに通して、針密度６０パンチ／ｃｍ2にてニードリングを行い８００ｇ／ｍ2の短繊維不織布を得た。 The obtained high elongation short fibers were defibrated with a card machine, then laminated with a cross layer to create a dry web, and then passed through a needle rocker having a barbed needle at a needle density of 60 punch / cm 2 . Needling was performed to obtain an 800 g / m 2 short fiber nonwoven fabric.
実施例２〜５
短繊維不織布の目付を表１に示す値に変更した以外は、実施例１と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Examples 2-5
A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the basis weight of the short fiber nonwoven fabric was changed to the values shown in Table 1.
実施例６、７
ニードリングの針密度を表１に示す数に変更した以外は、実施例１と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Examples 6 and 7
A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the needle density of needling was changed to the numbers shown in Table 1.
実施例８
実施例１において、紡糸口金として、丸断面の０．２８Φの吐出孔が５１８個穿孔されたものを用いたこと以外は実施例１と同様にして、単糸繊度７．７ｄｔｅｘ、繊維長６４ｍｍの高伸度のポリ乳酸短繊維（高伸度の短繊維）を得た。この高伸度の短繊維の複屈折率は、０．００４、伸度３６０％であった。
得られた高伸度の短繊維をカード機で解繊した後、クロスレイアーで積層し乾式ウェブを作成し、その後バーブ付きニードルを有するニードルロッカーに通して、針密度６０パンチ／ｃｍ2にてニードリングを行い８００ｇ／ｍ2の短繊維不織布を得た。
Example 8
In Example 1, a single yarn fineness of 7.7 dtex and a fiber length of 64 mm was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a spinneret was used in which 518 discharge holes having a round cross section of 0.28Φ were perforated. A high elongation polylactic acid short fiber (high elongation short fiber) was obtained. The birefringence of the high elongation short fiber was 0.004 and the elongation was 360%.
The obtained high elongation short fibers were defibrated with a card machine, then laminated with a cross layer to create a dry web, and then passed through a needle rocker having a barbed needle at a needle density of 60 punch / cm 2 . Needling was performed to obtain an 800 g / m 2 short fiber nonwoven fabric.
実施例９〜１２
短繊維不織布の目付を表１に示す値に変更した以外は、実施例８と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Examples 9-12
A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the basis weight of the short fiber nonwoven fabric was changed to the values shown in Table 1.
実施例１３〜１４
ニードリングの針密度を表１に示す数に変更した以外は、実施例８と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Examples 13-14
A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the needle density of needling was changed to the numbers shown in Table 1.
実施例１５
高伸度の短繊維として実施例１で得られた高伸度の短繊維を用い、高伸度の短繊維以外の他の短繊維としてユニチカ社製ポリ乳酸短繊維＜ＰＬ０１＞４．４Ｔ５１（破断伸び率６０％）を用い、高伸度の短繊維と他の短繊維との質量比率を９０／１０（高伸度の短繊維／他の短繊維）とし、実施例１と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Example 15
The high elongation short fiber obtained in Example 1 was used as the high elongation short fiber, and other short fibers other than the high elongation short fiber were polylactic acid short fibers <PL01> 4.4T51 (manufactured by Unitika). In the same manner as in Example 1, the mass ratio of high elongation short fibers to other short fibers was 90/10 (high elongation short fibers / other short fibers). A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained.
実施例１６
高伸度の短繊維として実施例８で得られた高伸度の短繊維を用い、高伸度の短繊維以外の他の短繊維としてユニチカ社製ポリ乳酸短繊維＜ＰＬ０１＞４．４Ｔ５１（破断伸び率６０％）を用い、高伸度の短繊維と他の短繊維との質量比率を９０／１０（高伸度の短繊維／他の短繊維）とし、実施例８と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Example 16
The high elongation short fiber obtained in Example 8 was used as the high elongation short fiber, and the polylactic acid short fiber <PL01> 4.4T51 (manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) as other short fibers other than the high elongation short fiber ( In the same manner as in Example 8, the mass ratio of high elongation short fibers to other short fibers was 90/10 (high elongation short fibers / other short fibers). A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained.
比較例１
高伸度の短繊維として実施例１で得られた高伸度の短繊維を用い、高伸度の短繊維以外の他の短繊維としてユニチカ社製ポリ乳酸短繊維＜ＰＬ０１＞４．４Ｔ５１（破断伸び率６０％）を用い、高伸度の短繊維と他の短繊維との質量比率を８０／２０（高伸度の短繊維／他の短繊維）とし、実施例１と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Comparative Example 1
The high elongation short fiber obtained in Example 1 was used as the high elongation short fiber, and other short fibers other than the high elongation short fiber were polylactic acid short fibers <PL01> 4.4T51 (manufactured by Unitika). The elongation ratio was 60%), and the mass ratio of short fibers with high elongation to other short fibers was 80/20 (short fibers with high elongation / other short fibers). A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained.
比較例２
高伸度の短繊維として実施例８で得られた高伸度の短繊維を用い、高伸度の短繊維以外の他の短繊維としてユニチカ社製ポリ乳酸短繊維＜ＰＬ０１＞４．４Ｔ５１（破断伸び率６０％）を用い、高伸度の短繊維と他の短繊維との質量比率を８０／２０（高伸度の短繊維／他の短繊維）とし、実施例８と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Comparative Example 2
The high elongation short fiber obtained in Example 8 was used as the high elongation short fiber, and the polylactic acid short fiber <PL01> 4.4T51 (manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) as other short fibers other than the high elongation short fiber ( In the same manner as in Example 8, the mass ratio of high elongation short fibers to other short fibers was 80/20 (high elongation short fibers / other short fibers). A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained.
比較例３
短繊維としてユニチカ社製ポリ乳酸短繊維＜ＰＬ０１＞４．４Ｔ５１（破断伸び率６０％）のみを用い、実施例１と同様にして短繊維不織布を得た。
Comparative Example 3
A short fiber nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 by using only the polylactic acid short fiber <PL01> 4.4T51 (60% elongation at break) manufactured by Unitika Ltd. as the short fiber.
一方、比較例１、２の短繊維不織布は破断伸び率の低い短繊維が２０質量％含むものであったため、破断伸び率が実施例に比べて劣るものであった。比較例３の短繊維不織布は、破断伸び率の低い短繊維のみであったため、破断伸び率の低い短繊維不織布であった。 On the other hand, since the short fiber nonwoven fabrics of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 contained 20% by mass of short fibers having a low breaking elongation, the breaking elongation was inferior to that of the Examples. Since the short fiber nonwoven fabric of Comparative Example 3 was only short fibers having a low elongation at break, it was a short fiber nonwoven fabric having a low elongation at break.
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| JP2002013060A (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-18 | Unitika Ltd | Nonwoven fabric for sand-protecting sheet and method for producing the same |
| JP2004036065A (en) * | 2002-06-29 | 2004-02-05 | Negoro Sangyo Co | High elongation nonwovwn fabric and method for producing the same |
| JP2005154918A (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-06-16 | Gifu Prefecture | Nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same |
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| JP2008007889A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-17 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Polyester staple fiber |
| JP2009256815A (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-11-05 | Asahi Kasei Fibers Corp | Anti-static filament nonwoven fabric |
| JP2010150737A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-07-08 | Toyobo Co Ltd | High elongation nonwoven fabric sheet and method for producing the same |
| JP2011157660A (en) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-18 | Asahi Kasei Fibers Corp | Biodegradable filament nonwoven fabric |
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