JP2014019709A - Method for managing a coke oven body - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To propose a method for managing a carbonization chamber for enabling a perpetually smooth extrusion of a coke cake without entailing a push-up blockage accompanying the swelling of the coke cake.SOLUTION: In this method for managing a coke oven body, the coke cake height and the extrusion current value of an extruder are measured on an occasion for extruding the coke cake so as to ensure a smooth extrusion of the coke cake, and in a case where the distance between the apex of the coke cake and the carbonization chamber ceiling has become equal to or lesser than a gap predicted to yield a push-up blockage and where the position of a ram has encroached into the oven interior by at least a management value at a stage where the extrusion current value exhibits a maximal value, repairs of oven walls and oven bottom including the removal of carbon deposits within the carbonization chamber are executed.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for managing a coke oven furnace body, and in particular, without causing any clogging due to the rising deformation of the coke cake in the furnace height direction (furnace ceiling direction) observed at the time of extrusion of the coke cake. We propose a method to manage the coke oven furnace body, especially the wall surface of the carbonization chamber, by making it possible to extrude.

  In general, a coke oven is a furnace for producing coke by dry distillation of coal charged into a carbonization chamber with heat supplied from an adjacent combustion chamber. Coal charged into the carbonization chamber becomes red hot coke (coke cake) at about 1000 ° C. by heating and dry distillation for about 15 to 24 hours. At this time, the furnace doors installed at both ends of the coke oven in the length direction (furnace length direction) are removed, and both sides in the furnace length direction are opened. After that, the extrusion ram of the extruder is fed out from the opening on the machine side (MS side) and the red hot coke cake is pushed in, so that it is discharged from the other discharge side (coke side: CS side) opening and cooled outside the furnace. Product coke.

  In the operation of the coke oven, when the coke cake generated after carbonization in the carbonization chamber is discharged outside the furnace using an extruder, the coke cake generated depending on the condition of the furnace wall and the status of coal carbonization (shrinkage). This may cause a phenomenon of so-called clogging that is difficult to discharge. When this clogging occurs, there is a concern about the influence on the coke productivity decline due to the expansion of the damage to the furnace wall and the change of the production schedule. Therefore, improving the extrudability of coke cake is extremely important in the operation of the coke oven.

  By the way, the factors governing the extrudability of the coke cake in the carbonization chamber include the amount of shrinkage in the furnace width direction of the coke cake after dry distillation, the amount of deformation of the coke cake during extrusion, the state of the furnace wall (such as deposits and collapse), The stability of the coke properties can be considered. It is known that the coke cake after dry distillation generally contracts in the furnace width direction and the furnace height direction due to the detachment of the internal volatile components. Thereby, for example, a gap is generated between the furnace wall and the coke cake side wall surface, and smooth extrusion becomes possible. However, as mentioned above, the trouble of clogging often occurs. The main cause is when the resistance between the coke cake and the furnace wall and hearth increases. Therefore, the extrusion of the coke cake becomes easier as the amount of shrinkage of the coke cake increases (the gap increases).

  In this regard, the coke cake being extruded tends to spread in the furnace width direction where it is not subjected to a load when it is pressurized and compressed by the ram of the extruder (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Contact and receive a load. It is known that such a load generated when the coke cake contacts the furnace wall is greatly affected by cracks existing in the coke cake.

  Coke cake clogging in the carbonization chamber thus occurs is a balance between the amount of shrinkage of the cake in the furnace width direction and the extent of expansion of the cake in the furnace width direction during extrusion, that is, coke cake and furnace wall. Most of the cases are caused by the resistance between the two.

  From these viewpoints, various proposals have been made regarding the extrudability of coke cake. For example, in Patent Document 1, in the blending of multiple brands of raw coal, the expansion pressure of each single coal is estimated in advance, and from the obtained expansion pressure of each single coal and the blending ratio of each single coal, We have proposed a method that averages the expansion pressure of charcoal and adjusts the blending ratio and blending brand so that it is below the allowable limit pressure of the coke oven. Moreover, in patent document 2, in the mixing | blending process of multiple brand raw material coal, it estimates from the average reflectance of the vitrinite of each simple coal which comprises blended coal, and the average reflectance of the blended coal calculated | required based on a blending rate. We propose a method for estimating the extrudability of coke cake using the shrinkage of coke.

  By the way, as a phenomenon of the extrusion failure due to the clogging of the coke cake, in addition to the above-mentioned clogging due to the resistance between the coke cake and the furnace wall, the coke cake is pushed upward (toward the ceiling) at the time of extrusion, and eventually the ceiling There is an example of reaching and blocking.

  Conventionally, especially for the clogging phenomenon caused by the former side wall, an extrusion current value of an extruder (ram) representing resistance when extruding coke cake is used as one of the management indexes. For example, when clogging occurs due to deformation or collapse of furnace wall bricks, as shown in FIG. 2, the previous extrusion current value is larger than the current value during normal extrusion (previous). It is normal to have a sign of. However, in the case of the so-called clogging of the so-called coke cake, as shown in FIG. 3, it is normal that a phenomenon corresponding to a sign of clogging, that is, an increase in the extrusion current value due to an increase in frictional resistance with the furnace wall does not appear. .

  The cause of the clogging that occurs when the top of a part of the coke cake touches the ceiling is that the coke cake is caused by the overhanging of bricks on the coke side, carbon adhesion to the wall, growth, or finer coke. Factors such as destruction can be considered, but the true cause is still unclear. Therefore, a technique for predicting the clogging due to the bulge (crushing) at the top of the coke cake that appears at the time of extrusion has not been established. Therefore, in the current operation of the coke oven, the amount of coal charged is controlled in advance in order to allow the coke cake to rise, and a sufficient space distance is secured between the top of the coke cake and the ceiling of the coking chamber. The actual situation is to respond by doing.

  In addition, when pushing-up clogging due to the crushing of the top of the coke cake occurs, it is necessary to scrape the closed coke cake out of the furnace, which greatly affects the productivity of the coke. Therefore, preventing such clogging is an important issue that must be solved in the operation of the coke oven.

JP-A-6-212164 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-249174

Nishioka et al .: “Coke Circular”, Vol. 35, 1986, p. 21-28 Watanabe et al .: “Iron and Copper”, Vol. 84, 1998, p. 165-170

  The above-described prior art is a means for preventing the coke cake from being pushed up and clogged into the ceiling of the carbonization chamber, and in particular, furnace body management for preventing such a phenomenon, that is, damage, cracking, collapse, It does not disclose a method for preventing coke cake extrusion troubles (particularly those targeted for push-up clogging) caused by carbon adhesion or the like.

  Therefore, in view of the state of the art of the present invention, the object of the present invention is to provide a coke cake that is always smooth and smooth without causing any clogging due to the swell of the coke cake by a simpler method without large capital investment and human burden. It is to propose a method of managing the furnace body so that the extrusion of the furnace can be performed.

  As a result of studying a method for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and realizing the above-mentioned object, the inventors have managed a coke oven furnace body to ensure smooth extrusion of coke cake. The coke cake height during extrusion of the coke cake and the extrusion current value of the extruder were measured, and the distance between the top of the coke cake and the carbonization chamber ceiling was below the interval at which clogging was expected, and the extrusion current value was When the position of the extrusion ram at the maximum value enters the furnace beyond the control value, repair of the furnace wall and furnace bottom, including removal of carbon adhering in the carbonization chamber, is performed. The present invention was developed by finding out that the management method is effective.

In the method for managing the coke oven furnace body according to the present invention,
(1) The interval at which the clogging is expected is when the maximum height of the top of the coke cake during extrusion and the distance to the ceiling is 100 mm or less,
(2) The control value of the position of the extrusion ram entering the furnace is 2.5 m or more from the opening on the machine side,
However, a more effective solution can be provided.

  According to the present invention configured as described above, each carbonization chamber of the coke oven can be always maintained and managed in a state suitable for extrusion of coke cake, and smooth extrusion is always guaranteed. Therefore, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to prevent the clogging clogging due to the swell of the coke cake reaching the coke oven carbonization chamber ceiling, and thus stable operation and productivity of the coke oven. Improvement can be realized.

It is sectional drawing which shows the general state in the coke oven carbonization chamber before extrusion. It is a figure which shows the example of the extrusion electric current value during coke cake extrusion at the time of the normal (from the side wall) clogging occurrence. It is a figure which shows the example of the extrusion electric current value during coke cake extrusion at the time of pushing-up clogging generation | occurrence | production. It is a graph which shows transition of the coke cake height at the time of extruding a coke cake with the kiln A, and an extrusion electric current value. It is a graph which shows transition of the coke cake height at the time of extruding a coke cake with the kiln B, and an extrusion electric current value. It is a graph which shows transition of the coke cake height at the time of extruding a coke cake with the kiln C, and an extrusion electric current value. It is a figure explaining the method of measurement and calculation of coke cake height (h) and adjustment space | interval (Xs). It is a basic diagram of the measuring apparatus for measuring the coke cake height used by this invention. It is sectional drawing of the microwave rangefinder which is a specific example of the measuring apparatus used by this invention.

  In addition to the conventional “clogging”, which is an obstacle occurring in the furnace width direction due to deformation and collapse of the side wall surface and bottom surface of the coke oven, adhesion of various components, growth thereof, etc. We propose a method for managing the furnace body, especially the inside of the carbonization chamber, which is effective in preventing the so-called “push-up clogging”, which is an obstacle that occurs in the so-called furnace height direction, especially between the ceiling. In other words, in order to eliminate these causes of clogging, it is basically desirable to maintain the furnace side wall surface and the furnace bottom surface as flat as possible, so-called close to the furnace construction, and at the same time, the load on the extruder varies greatly. In order to avoid this, for example, it is necessary to stabilize the level of the extrusion current value by avoiding large changes in the charging amount of coal (blended coal), blending conditions, dry distillation conditions, and the like. In this sense, the main object of the present invention is to repair the furnace wall and bottom of the carbonization chamber not only for preventing clogging but also for preventing conventional clogging.

  In this regard, as described above, as a method of grasping the state of the furnace body (carbonization chamber) of the coke oven, as described above, it is general to evaluate the current value at the time of coke cake extrusion. This is because an increase in the extrusion current value indicates a sign that some abnormality has occurred in the furnace body of the coke oven. However, the extrusion current value is a value that appears as a result of various effects such as the amount of coal charged, blending conditions, dry distillation conditions, etc., and the current value level itself increases even if the coke oven ages. For this reason, it is impossible to determine the exact furnace body condition and to predict the clogging up to the ceiling by simply looking at the extrusion current value.

  In short, in order to ensure smooth coke cake extrusion, it is not sufficient to simply control the extrusion current value as in the past, and in order to prevent further clogging, the height of the coke cake after dry distillation is not enough. Management is also essential. It is necessary to comprehensively judge all these controls together in order to manage the furnace body, that is, to make the condition in the carbonization chamber suitable for smoothly extruding the coke cake (management). This is a new finding derived from the results of the test operation described below.

The test described below is an example in which changes in coke cake height and extrusion current value were measured for one month. Here, the maximum value of the extrusion current value excludes the fluctuation (noise) of the current value at the time of notch switching from the start of extrusion to 7 to 8 seconds, and from the end of the notch switching until the coke cake extrusion is completed. The maximum value of the current between them was taken. Incidentally, the average value of the maximum value of the extrusion current value in the furnace group measured at this time was 210A.
On the other hand, regarding the height of the coke cake, no. The measurement was made at the second inlet (second inlet G ₂ from the CS side). Therefore, the extrusion ram (ram height: 6250 mm) is No. It illustrates the data up to the time that has passed through the 2 spout G ₂ below.

  FIG. 4 shows measurement results of changes in extrusion current value and coke cake height in the A kiln. As can be seen from this figure, the coke cake height during extrusion does not change greatly, the extrusion current value is as low as about 200 A, and it can be seen that the coke cake is stably extruded without collapsing. Therefore, the state of the kiln A was checked after coke cake extrusion, but a large amount of carbon adhesion and large furnace wall damage were not observed, so this state is not considered to be a particularly problematic case.

Next, regarding the kiln B shown in FIG. 5, the maximum value of the extrusion current value was slightly higher 240A, and the height of the coke cake during extrusion was raised to the vicinity of the ceiling. Looking at the graph in the figure, it appears that the coke cake has reached the ceiling when the extrusion ram position has entered the furnace for more than 9 m. Since this is performed at the charging port 2 (G ₂ ), this position has a high coke cake level. It only shows the position of the extrusion ram when it comes under the two charging inlets (G ₂ ). Therefore, the extrusion ram is actually No. 4-No. It is presumed that the coke cake top height has already reached the ceiling and the coke cake has been extruded in this state in the vicinity of the three charging entrances. In this case, the inside of the furnace was inspected after the coke cake was extruded. 4-No. It was confirmed that there was carbon adhering to the upper part of the furnace in the vicinity of the ₃ inlets (G ₄ , G ₃ ), and because the coke cake was caught on this adhering carbon, the coke cake level increased and the extrusion current value also increased. Conceivable.

  Moreover, FIG. 6 shows the result measured in the kiln C. As shown in this figure, the maximum value of the extrusion current was as high as 280 A, and the coke cake level was even higher than that of the B kiln, reaching the ceiling height. When the kiln C was inspected, a large amount of carbon adhesion was confirmed from the furnace ceiling to about 600 mm, and it was found that the extrusion at this time was one step before the ceiling was clogged.

  From the above results, it has been found that by observing the transition of both the extrusion current value and the coke cake height, it is possible to find a sign of clogging up toward the ceiling. However, when the absolute value of the extrusion current value is used as a management index, it is difficult to simply adopt 240A or more as the management value because the current value level varies greatly depending on the coke oven.

  Therefore, the inventors examined in detail the relationship between the extrusion current value and the coke cake height including FIGS. As a result, it was found that when the coke cake swells upward, the position where the maximum value of the extrusion current value is generated is that the extrusion ram position is 2.5 m or more in the furnace. In addition, the position where the extrusion current value becomes maximum is the timing when the coke cake starts to move. From the above, the phenomenon that the coke cake does not move unless the extrusion ram moves forward indicates that the coke cake is difficult to move due to some problem, and at the moment when the coke cake begins to move, the coke cake does not move. It is none other than showing that the cake is in a crumbled state.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the coke cake height at the time of coke cake extrusion and the position where the extrusion current value of the extruder is maximized are measured, and the distance between the coke cake height and the carbonization chamber ceiling is pushed up and the distance at which clogging is expected. A furnace including removal of adhering carbon in the carbonization chamber when the position of the extrusion ram when the extrusion current value shows the maximum value is greater than the control value, for example, 2.5 m or more He decided to repair the walls and bottom of the furnace. It is considered that the coke cake can always be smoothly extruded if such repair of the inner wall surface of the carbonization chamber or the like is continuously performed.

  Hereinafter, a method for accurately measuring the coke cake (top) height, which is a precondition for the implementation of the management method of the present invention, will be described. In the coke oven, normally, 4 to 5 charging ports (4 in the illustrated example) are provided on the furnace ceiling for charging one coal. In general, during operation of the coke oven, that is, during the dry distillation of coal and immediately after the dry distillation, a lid is attached to these charging ports so that outside air does not enter.

  In practicing the present invention, in order to measure the height of the coke cake, immediately after the end of dry distillation, the lid of the portion to be measured is removed from the charging inlet, and there is a measuring device that will be described in detail later. A contact-type microwave rangefinder is installed to measure the coke cake height at this position. In this regard, conventionally, the depth from the top of the furnace to the top of the coke cake was measured by a person by removing the lid of the charging port and inserting a rod from above to obtain the coke cake height.

  However, since such work is performed in a poor working environment under a high-heat atmosphere, there is a problem in that the measurement value itself is also inaccurate due to individual differences. In addition, such a measurement method cannot continuously measure the variation in the height of the coke cake that is moving through the furnace by extrusion. In this regard, if the above microwave distance meter is used, the height of the coke cake can be continuously measured without contact.

  FIG. 7 shows a state in which the mobile heat-resistant measuring device used in the present invention is installed in the loading section G, and FIG. 8 shows the appearance of a microwave distance meter M, which is one specific example of the measuring device. FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the microwave distance meter M. The measuring apparatus shown in these figures, that is, the microwave distance meter M, has a heat-resistant structure because the room temperature in the coke oven carbonization chamber R usually rises to about 1000 ° C.

  Therefore, the exemplified microwave distance meter M has a structure in which the heat insulating bottom plate 1 is provided and blocked in order to cope with radiant heat received from the inside of the carbonization chamber R. Specifically, it has a configuration in which a cylindrical dome-shaped microwave generator main body 2 is installed on the heat insulating bottom plate 1, and mainly the lower portion of the microwave generator main body 2, more preferably substantially the entire heat insulating sheet. 3 to cover the whole and shield the heat. This is because the entire measuring device can be protected from the flame rising from the inside of the carbonizing chamber R through the charging port G and high heat dust.

  The microwave generator body 2 includes a microwave generator / receiver 4a inside the top of the dome 2a and a sensor 4b outside the top of the dome 2a. A controller 5 and a computer 6 are attached to the positions.

  In addition, the dome portion 2a of the microwave generator main body 2 is provided with one or more cold air intake holes 2h as necessary, and cold air is introduced into the dome portion 2a so that the microwave generator / receiver 4a is provided. It is preferable to be able to cool. Further, the heat insulating bottom plate 1 is provided with a plurality of adjusting bolts 7 for adjusting the height and the level, and further, although not shown, a moving carrier may be provided.

  As described above, the sensor 4b of the heat-resistant microwave distance meter M applicable to the implementation of the method of the present invention is connected to the external controller 5 via a cable covered with the heat insulating sheet 3, and By connecting to a terminal such as a computer (PC) 6, it is possible to monitor the change over time in the distance to the top of the coke cake Cc in the carbonization chamber R and the temperature in the dome of the measuring device. In particular, the instantaneous value of the distance X between the top of the coke cake Cc and the measuring device (microwave distance meter) (or the distance Xs to the ceiling lower surface) is non-existent due to the microwave irradiated from the microwave generator / receiver 4a. Accurate and continuous measurement with contact.

By measuring this way before and after extrusion using microwave rangefinder M of said Kusukeki C _C top surface height (h), and finally the coke cake height directly under spout G (h) and An interval (Xs) to the furnace ceiling, that is, a height at which push-up clogging described later is expected is required.

The basic process of coke cake extrusion is as follows. That is, after the end of carbonization, before the coke cake extrusion, first, the one in the measurement position is removed from the charging lids that block the plurality of charging ports G existing on the ceiling of each coking chamber of the coke oven. Prepare M so that the height h of the top of the coke cake (from the bottom of the coke cake to the top of the coke cake) can be measured by installing M on the charging port G and irradiating microwaves toward the top of the coke cake Cc. To do. Thereafter, in order to extrude the coke cake, the furnace doors D ₁ and D ₂ of the machine side (MS) and the coke side (CS) are opened, and then the extrusion ram 8 of the extruder is pushed forward to coke cake. Cc extrusion starts. At this time, in order to prevent the hot air in the carbonization chamber R from blowing out from the charging port G, the removal of the charging lid and the installation work of the microwave distance meter M to the charging port G are performed by connecting the furnace doors D ₁ and D ₂ . It is desirable to do this before opening.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the microwave distance meter M covers a part or the whole with a heat insulating sheet 3 and protects it. It is desirable to further strengthen the protection by spraying an amorphous refractory material on the heat insulating sheet 3.

  Next, the extrusion ram 8 of the extruder on the machine side (MS) side is pressed against the side of the coke cake on the machine side (MS) side and further pushed forward, and finally the coke cake is removed from the coke side (CS) side outside the furnace. Discharge towards

  The measurement of the height of the top of the coke cake by the microwave distance meter M during extrusion is performed by measuring the height of the coke cake directly below the inlet G at every desired time interval width, and recording it on a PC or a data logger. Record sequentially on the medium. When extruding the coke cake Cc, if the ram head of the extruder touches the coke cake and wants to match the time at which the extrusion actually starts and the measurement start time, the operator who operates the extruder and the measurer will be wirelessly connected. It is desirable to use and communicate with each other.

In measuring the top height of the coke cake, which is a precondition for calculating the adjustment interval (Xs), the maximum value, for example, the value with the largest swell among the measuring devices installed at the charging ports G _{1 to} G ₄ is used. adopt. If it is difficult to install all of the inlets G _{1 to} G ₄ , it is preferable to measure at the second or third position from the MS.

  In addition, when the swell of the coke cake is gradually increased and clogging is expected, it is effective to reduce the amount of the next charging coal in order to surely prevent the coke cake from being pushed up to the ceiling of the carbonization chamber. In this case, when determining the next coal loading, it is determined in consideration of the past operation results (coal loading).

  In this example, for the carbonization chamber (kiln C) where coke cake was frequently pushed up and clogged, operation was performed by setting a new inspection standard for the coke oven by the method described above. That is, the furnace body inspection is performed when the cake height during coke cake extrusion rises to a level of 100 mm or less from the ceiling and the extrusion ram position is 2.5 m or more when the extrusion current value shows the maximum value. did. Appropriate measures (removal of carbon, grinding and repairing of the furnace wall surface) were carried out based on such inspection results, and as a result, the number of ceiling clogging was successfully reduced by 70%. From this, the effectiveness of the present invention was confirmed.

  The above-described technique of the present invention proposes a method of inspection and management in the coking chamber of the coke oven, and in particular, accurate measurement of the height of the red hot coke cake after dry distillation by the measuring device (microwave distance meter). An effective method can be proposed as a technology.

G charging port M microwave rangefinder R carbonization chamber 1 heat insulation bottom plate 2 microwave generator body 2a dome part 2h cold air intake hole 3 heat insulation sheet 4a microwave generator / receiver 4b sensor 5 controller 6 calculator 7 adjusting bolt 8 of extruder Extrusion ram Cc Coke cake H Coke oven height h Coke cake height X Measurement distance Xs Space height t Ceiling brick thickness

Claims (3)

  In managing the coke oven furnace body to ensure smooth extrusion of the coke cake, the coke cake height during extrusion of the coke cake and the extrusion current value of the extruder are measured, and the distance between the top of the coke cake and the carbonization chamber ceiling The furnace wall includes removal of adhering carbon in the carbonization chamber when the push-up clogging is less than the expected interval and the position of the extrusion ram when the extrusion current value reaches the maximum value enters the furnace above the control value. A coke oven furnace body management method characterized by repairing the furnace bottom.   The management of the coke oven furnace body according to claim 1, wherein the interval at which the clogging is expected is when the maximum height of the top of the coke cake during extrusion and the distance to the ceiling are 100 mm or less. Method.   The coke oven furnace body management method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the management value of the position of the extrusion ram entering the furnace is 2.5 m or more from the opening on the machine side.

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