JP5907343B2 - Coke cake extrusion method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for extruding coke cake, and in particular, for performing smooth extruding without incurring clogging due to rising deformation of the coke cake in the furnace height direction (furnace ceiling direction) observed during coke cake extrusion. Suggest a method.

In general, a coke oven is a furnace for producing coke by dry distillation of coal charged in a carbonizing chamber R as shown in FIG. 1 by heat supplied from an adjacent combustion chamber. Coal charged into the carbonization chamber becomes red hot coke (coke cake) at about 1000 ° C. by heating and dry distillation for about 15 to 24 hours. At this time, the coke cake thus produced is opened by opening the respective furnace lids D ₁ and D ₂ installed at both ends in the length direction (furnace length direction) of the coking chamber of the coke oven. Thereafter, the extrusion ram 8 of the extruder is fed out from the opening on the machine side (MS) side and the coke cake Cc in a red hot state is pushed in, thereby discharging from the opening on the other discharge side (coke side: CS side) It is guided and cooled to produce product coke.

  In the operation of the coke oven, when the coke cake after carbonization in the carbonization chamber is discharged out of the furnace by using an extruder, the coke cake produced depending on the condition of the furnace wall or the condition of carbonization (shrinkage) of the coal. A phenomenon called so-called clogging may occur in which it becomes difficult to discharge and clogs. When this clogging occurs, there is a concern about the influence on the coke productivity decline due to the expansion of the damage to the furnace wall and the change of the production schedule. Therefore, improving the extrudability of coke cake is extremely important in the operation of the coke oven.

  By the way, the factors governing the extrudability of the coke cake in the carbonization chamber include the amount of shrinkage in the furnace width direction of the coke cake after dry distillation, the amount of deformation of the coke cake during extrusion, the state of the furnace wall (such as deposits and collapse), The stability of the coke cake properties can be considered. It is known that the coke cake after dry distillation generally contracts in the furnace width direction and the furnace height direction due to the detachment of the internal volatile components. Thereby, for example, a gap is generated between the furnace wall and the surface of the coke cake side wall, thereby enabling smooth extrusion, while the trouble of clogging often occurs. The main reason is that the resistance between the coke cake and the furnace wall and hearth increases.

  In this regard, the coke cake being extruded tends to spread in the furnace width direction where it is not subjected to a load when it is pressurized and compressed by the ram of the extruder (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Contact and receive a load. It is known that such a load generated when the coke cake contacts the furnace wall is greatly affected by the amount of cracks existing in the coke cake.

  The coke cake clogging in the carbonization chamber thus caused is a balance between the amount of shrinkage of the coke cake in the furnace width direction and the extent of the coke cake spreading in the furnace width direction during extrusion, that is, coke cake and Mostly due to the resistance generated between the furnace walls.

  From these viewpoints, various proposals have been made regarding the extrudability of coke cake. For example, in Patent Document 1, in the blending of multiple brands of raw coal, the expansion pressure of each single coal is estimated in advance, and from the obtained expansion pressure of each single coal and the blending ratio of each single coal, We have proposed a method that averages the expansion pressure of charcoal and adjusts the blending ratio and blending brand so that it is below the allowable limit pressure of the coke oven. Moreover, in patent document 2, in the mixing | blending process of multiple brand raw material coal, it estimates from the average reflectance of the vitrinite of each simple coal which comprises blended coal, and the average reflectance of blended coal calculated | required based on a blending rate. We propose a method for estimating the extrudability of coke cake using the shrinkage of coke.

  By the way, as a phenomenon of the extrusion failure due to the “clogging” of the coke cake, in addition to the above-mentioned clogging due to the resistance between the coke cake and the furnace wall, the coke cake swells upward (toward the ceiling) at the time of extrusion, and eventually It can reach the ceiling and cause “clogging up”.

  In this regard, with respect to the “clogging” phenomenon caused by the former side wall, it is effective to manage the extrusion current value of the extruder representing the resistance when the coke cake is extruded. When clogging occurs due to deformation or collapse of furnace wall bricks, as shown in FIG. 2, a sign of clogging that the previous extrusion current value becomes larger than the current value during normal extrusion (previous) is shown. Usually appears. However, in the case of the so-called “push-up clogging” of the so-called coke cake, as shown in FIG. 3, it is normal that a phenomenon corresponding to a sign of clogging, that is, an increase in the extrusion current value due to an increase in frictional resistance with the furnace wall does not appear. It is.

  In this way, the true cause of the clogging that occurs when the top of a part of the coke cake contacts the ceiling is still unclear. For this reason, at present, the amount of coal charged is controlled in advance so that the swell of the coke cake can be sufficiently absorbed, and a sufficient space distance between the top of the coke cake and the carbonization chamber ceiling is secured. The fact is.

JP-A-6-212164 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-249174

Nishioka et al .: “Coke Circular”, Vol. 35, 1986, p. 21-28 Watanabe et al .: “Iron and Copper”, Vol. 84, 1998, p. 165-170

  As described above, none of the exemplified prior arts disclose a method for extruding a coke cake without causing the coke cake to be pushed up into the ceiling of the carbonization chamber. That is, the most effective extrusion method at the present stage for the prevention of push-up clogging is simply to reduce the amount of charged coal. However, coke cake height often fluctuates during extrusion due to the brittleness of the cake itself. For this reason, it is still not sufficient to simply reduce the amount of charged coal before the dry distillation, and measures based on dynamic fluctuations during extrusion are required. There is no method.

  Therefore, in view of the prior art and current measures, the object of the present invention is to provide a coke cake without a large amount of capital investment and human burden, and without causing the clogging of the coke cake. The object is to propose a method for smooth extrusion of the material.

As a result of investigating a method for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and realizing the above-mentioned object, the inventors, at the time of extruding the coke cake in the coke oven carbonization chamber, at least the second from the machine side. A non-contact type distance meter is installed at one or more of the inlets including the inlet, and the non-contact type distance meter is used to coke the coke cake before and after the start of extrusion until the end of extrusion. When the height of the cake is measured and the distance between the top of the coke cake and the furnace ceiling reaches the distance at which clogging is expected, the operation of the extruder is temporarily stopped, the extrusion ram is temporarily retracted, and the coke cake The present invention was developed by finding out that it is effective to employ a method of extruding a coke cake characterized by resuming extrusion after waiting for collapse.

In the method for extruding the coke cake according to the present invention ,
(1 ) The non-contact type distance meter is a heat-resistant microwave distance meter that can be transported,
( 2 ) The interval at which the clogging is expected is that the maximum height of the coke cake and the distance to the ceiling are 100 mm or less,
( 3 ) When the coke cake does not collapse in spite of the suspension of the operation of the extruder , at least a part of the top of the coke cake is crushed from the loading port and a rod is inserted,
However, it will be possible to provide a more effective solution.

  According to the present invention configured as described above, the coke cake can be smoothly extruded in accordance with the environment of each carbonization chamber of the coke oven. In addition, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to prevent the clogging clogging caused by the swell of the coke cake reaching the ceiling of the coke oven, so that stable operation of the coke oven and improvement of productivity can be achieved. Can be realized.

It is sectional drawing which shows the general state in the coke oven carbonization chamber before extrusion. It is a figure which shows the example of the extrusion electric current value during coke cake extrusion at the time of the normal (from the side wall) clogging occurrence. It is a figure which shows the example of the extrusion electric current value during coke cake extrusion at the time of pushing-up clogging generation | occurrence | production. It is a figure explaining the measuring / calculating method of the interval (d) in which the coke cake height (h) and push-up clogging are expected. It is the front view and perspective view of a non-contact type distance meter for measuring coke cake height used by the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the microwave rangefinder which is a specific example of the rangefinder used by this invention. It is a figure explaining an example of the extrusion method according to this invention method. It is a figure explaining the other example of the extrusion method according to this invention method. It is a figure explaining the further another example of the extrusion method according to this invention method.

  The present invention is different from the so-called “clogging”, which is different from the conventional “clogging” which is an obstacle occurring in the furnace width direction due to deformation and collapse of the inner wall and bottom surface of the coke oven, adhesion of various components, growth thereof, and the like. A coke cake extrusion method is proposed in order to prevent obstacles that occur in the high direction, in particular between the ceiling, i.e. "clogging up". In other words, in order to eliminate clogging, the grinding process of the furnace side wall surface and the bottom surface of the furnace, which is the cause, is effective. However, according to the knowledge of the inventors, it has been found that it is effective to perform the operation method of the extruder, in particular, the extrusion method of the extrusion ram, especially the interruption of the extrusion. In this sense, push-up clogging, which is a problem to be solved by the present invention, and conventional clogging are clearly different concepts.

  Hereinafter, an extrusion method effective for preventing such push-up clogging will be described. What is important in the practice of the present invention is to grasp (measure) the dynamic fluctuation (swelling) of the hot coke cake height during extrusion by the extruder as needed (continuous or intermittent).

  First, a means for measuring the coke cake height (top) will be described. In the coke oven, normally, about 4 to 5 (in the illustrated example, 4) charging ports (coal holes) for charging coal are provided in the furnace ceiling. In general, a coke oven is configured so that outside air does not invade during operation, that is, during coal distillation, or immediately after carbonization, with these lids being fitted with lids. In the present invention, in order to measure the coke cake height, immediately after the end of dry distillation, the part to be measured, for example, the second charging lid from the machine side is removed, and will be described in detail later. A non-contact microwave rangefinder, which is a measuring device, is installed to measure the coke cake height at this position. Conventionally, the depth from the top of the furnace to the top of the coke cake was calculated by removing the charging lid at the charging port and inserting a rod from above to obtain the coke cake height.

  However, since such work is performed in a poor working environment under a high-heat atmosphere, there is a problem in that the measured value itself is also inaccurate due to individual differences. Moreover, such a measurement method cannot measure at least continuously the fluctuation of the coke cake height that is moving through the furnace by extrusion. In this regard, if the above non-contact distance meter is used, the height of the coke cake can be measured non-contact continuously or at a predetermined interval. As a non-contact type distance meter, it is preferable to use a microwave distance meter in order to measure with high accuracy.

  FIG. 4 shows a state in which a heat-resistant measuring device (non-contact type distance meter) that can be transported (moved) used in the present invention is installed in the loading section G, and FIG. 5 shows a specific example of the non-contact type distance meter. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the microwave distance meter M. FIG. The microwave rangefinder M shown in these drawings needs to have a heat resistant structure because the room temperature in the coke oven carbonization chamber R usually rises to about 1000 ° C.

  Therefore, the illustrated microwave rangefinder M has a structure in which most of the portion facing the furnace from the charging port G is provided with a heat insulating bottom plate 1 in order to prevent radiant heat received from the inside of the carbonization chamber R. It has become. Specifically, it has a configuration in which a cylindrical dome-shaped microwave generator main body 2 is installed on the heat insulating bottom plate 1, and mainly the lower portion of the microwave generator main body 2, more preferably substantially the entire heat insulating sheet. 3 to cover the whole and shield the heat. It is for protecting the whole measuring device from the flame rising from the inside of the carbonizing chamber R through the charging port G and high heat dust.

  The microwave generator body 2 includes a microwave generator / receiver 4a inside the top of the dome 2a and a sensor 4b outside the top of the dome 2a. The sensor 4b includes a controller 5 and A computer 6 is attached.

  The dome portion 2a of the microwave generator body 2 is provided with a cold air intake hole 2h as necessary so that the cold wave can be sent into the dome portion 2a to cool the microwave generator / receiver 4a. It is preferable to do. Further, the heat insulating bottom plate 1 is provided with a plurality of adjusting bolts 7 for adjusting the height and the level, and further, although not shown, a moving carrier may be provided.

  As described above, the sensor 4b of the heat-resistant measuring device applicable to the implementation of the method of the present invention is connected to an external controller 5 via a cable, and further connected to a terminal such as a computer (PC) 6. Thus, it is possible to monitor the change over time of the distance to the top of the coke cake Cc in the carbonization chamber R and the temperature in the dome of the measuring device. In particular, the instantaneous value of the distance dt between the top of the coke cake Cc and the distance meter M is measured in a non-contact manner accurately and continuously or intermittently by the microwave irradiated from the microwave generator / receiver 4a. it can.

In this way, the microwave rangefinder extruded before and after the coke cake using M C _C top surface height (hcs, hcm) by measuring, eventually pushing up of coke cake immediately below spout G The amount (L) is determined. Then, the charging amount of coal (mixed coal) to be charged into the carbonizing chamber R after the next time, that is, the coal charging height is substantially determined based on the amount of protrusion (L).

Hereinafter, an example of a method for obtaining the push-up amount (L) will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
The specific calculation procedure is not limited to the method described below. Now, let the ceiling height in the carbonization chamber be (H), the coal charge height after dry distillation (ie, the coke cake height after extrusion before extrusion) is (hcs), and the maximum height of the coke cake during extrusion ( hcm), the above-mentioned amount of protrusion (L), that is, the height of uplift is given by [hcm-hcs], and the height of the coke cake Cc that can be pushed up, that is, the distance (d) to the lower surface of the ceiling is [ H-hcm]. In measuring the coke cake height (hcs) and (hcm), the ceiling brick is calculated in consideration of the thickness (t) particularly when measuring the distance (d), which is a height that can be pushed up (margin). However, when the ceiling height is 6800 mm, the interval (d) is preferably empirically set to about 100 mm or more. These calculations are performed using the controller 5 and the computer 6.

Hereinafter, the extrusion process of the coke cake performed by the method of the present invention will be described. After completion of dry distillation, before extruding the coke cake, first of all, the one at the measurement position is removed from the charging lids closing the charging ports G existing on the ceiling of each coking chamber of the coke oven, and the microwave distance meter M is The distance hcs of the coke cake height (from the furnace bottom to the coke cake top surface) is measured by irradiating the microwave toward the top surface of the coke cake Cc. Thereafter, in order to discharge the coke cake, the respective furnace lids D ₁ and D ₂ of the machine side (MS) and the coke side (CS) are opened, and then the extrusion ram 8 of the extruder is pushed forward, and the coke cake Cc is pushed forward. Begin to extrude. At this time, in order to prevent the hot air in the carbonization chamber R from blowing out from the inlet G, the removal of the charging lid and the installation work of the microwave distance meter M to the charging inlet G can be performed before opening the furnace lid. desirable.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, it is preferable that a part or all of the microwave distance meter M is covered with a heat insulating sheet 3 for protection. Moreover, when the thermal insulation sheet 3 coating alone is still insufficient, the protection is strengthened by spraying an amorphous refractory material on the thermal insulation sheet 3 as necessary.

  Next, the extrusion ram 8 of the extruder on the machine side (MS) is pressed against the side of the coke cake on the MS side and further pushed forward, and finally discharged from the coke side (CS) side to the outside of the furnace.

  The measurement of the coke cake top surface height by the microwave distance meter M during extrusion is performed by measuring the coke cake height (hcm, hcs) immediately below the inlet G continuously or at predetermined time intervals, that is, intermittently. Then, the data is sequentially recorded on a recording medium such as a PC or a data logger. When extruding the coke cake Cc, if the ram head of the extruder touches the coke cake and wants to match the time at which the extrusion actually starts and the measurement start time, the operator who operates the extruder and the measurer will be wirelessly connected. It is desirable to use and communicate with each other.

  The measurement position is preferably one to a plurality of places including the second loading opening G from the machine side (MS), that is, a portion of one to a plurality of loading openings G. In particular, the reason for selecting the second loading port from the machine side is that this part is most likely to have a bulging uplift that causes a squeeze-up.

That is, in extruding the coke cake Cc described above, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), since it is always raised on the front G ₃ (coke side) side of the inlet G ₄ closest to the machine side (MS), measurements at the G ₄ position does not have much effect. Therefore, in order to observe the swelling of the coke cake during extrusion is preferably measured with spout G _3.

Further, since the coke cake Cc is that could go raised even during movement caused by the extrusion, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), it is more preferable to measure yet another even CS toward spout G _2. However, as shown in FIG. 7 (c), even if occurred upsurge in charging hole G ₁ in most CS side, the extrusion properties never affect much. This is because when the coke cake extrusion reaches this position, it is almost never clogged. In particular, there is no much change of the coke cake levels while moving the spout G ₂ of the front to the spout of the coke-side, it is sufficient as determined by G ₂ spout. Thus, the less need be measured at charging hole G ₁ of the most CS side.

Next, measured as described above, calculated specific position, for example with G ₃ charging hole, "upthrust jam" is expected interval (d) is, for example, when turned 100mm below the extruder By temporarily stopping the operation and retreating the extrusion ram 8, the extrusion operation is interrupted for a predetermined time, for example, about 5 to 60 minutes in order to promote cooling and wait for the coke cake to collapse.

  By this interruption, the portion of the coke cake in which the coke cake is abnormally raised can be naturally broken as shown in FIG. However, even in this case, after re-extrusion (FIG. 8 (d)) after breaking the top of the coke cake that has been abnormally raised using a stick by human work as necessary (FIG. 8 (c)). May be performed.

  Moreover, after starting re-extrusion as shown to Fig.9 (a)-(c), a coke cake top part (hcm) rises again in a specific charging port part, and reaches a coke cake top part (hcm) and a furnace ceiling. When the distance between the two is less than the distance (d) where the clogging is expected again, the extrusion ram is retracted again (FIG. 9 (d)), the operation is interrupted, and the breaking rod is inserted from the charging portion. After crushing the top of the most raised portion of the coke cake (FIG. 9C), re-extrusion is performed (FIG. 9F).

  In addition, in the measurement of the coke cake (top) height hcm, hcs, which is a precondition for calculating the interval (d) at which push-up clogging is expected, the greatest excitement among the microwave rangefinders installed at each inlet Adopt value.

  In addition, when the swell of the coke cake is gradually increased and push-up clogging is frequently expected, it is preferable to reduce the amount of the next charge coal in order to surely prevent the coke cake from being pushed up to the ceiling of the carbonization chamber. In this case, when determining the next coal loading, it is determined in consideration of the past operation results (coal loading).

  The coke cake extrusion technology according to the present invention can be applied not only to prevent coke cake push-up clogging, but also to prevent clogging due to abnormalities in the side wall and bottom surface of the carbonization chamber, or changes in the composition. .

G charging port M microwave rangefinder R carbonization chamber 1 heat insulation bottom plate 2 microwave generator body 2a dome part 2h cold air intake hole 3 heat insulation sheet 4a microwave generator / vibrator 4b sensor 5 controller 6 calculator 7 adjusting bolt 8 of extruder Extrusion ram Cc Coke cake H Carbonization chamber height hcm Coke top height hcs Coke cake height d Interval at which clogging is expected t Thickness of ceiling brick

Claims (4)

When extruding the coke cake in the coke oven carbonization chamber , a non-contact type distance meter is installed at one or more of the inlets including at least the second inlet from the machine side. Measure the height of the coke cake before and after the extrusion until the end of the extrusion, and when the distance between the top of the coke cake and the furnace ceiling reaches the distance at which clogging is expected, A method for extruding a coke cake, characterized in that the operation is temporarily stopped, the extruding ram is once retracted, and the extruding is resumed after the collapse of the coke cake. The method of extruding a coke cake according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact type distance meter is a heat-resistant microwave distance meter that can be transported. 3. The method for extruding a coke cake according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the distance at which the clogging is expected is that the maximum height of the coke cake and the distance to the ceiling are 100 mm or less. 2. The coke cake top is broken down from the charging port by inserting a rod when the coke cake does not collapse despite the suspension of the operation of the extruder. The method for extruding a coke cake according to any one of to 3 .

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