JP2014012914A - Skin material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a skin material giving a less contact cold/warm feeling, which maintains physical properties required for a skin material, is hardly affected by a temperature when being exposed to extreme temperatures, and hardly gives a sense of temperature change when comes into contact with a skin.SOLUTION: The skin material is formed by sequentially stacking a porous heat insulation layer and a coloring layer on a fibrous substrate. The skin material has irregularities on its surface. A ratio of a contact area of the surface of the skin material is 65% or less.

Description

  The present invention relates to a skin material. In particular, the present invention relates to a skin material having a low feeling of contact cooling / heating.

  Conventionally, as a skin material, there are vinyl chloride leather, synthetic leather, artificial leather, natural leather, etc. provided with a resin layer on a fibrous base material, but these are generally compared to skin materials made only of fibrous materials, Susceptible to outside temperature. Therefore, when exposed to extreme temperatures, the skin material itself becomes excessively hot or cold, and when the skin material comes into contact with the skin, it gives a sudden temperature change to the skin, causing discomfort. To remember. In particular, when it is used in a space such as a vehicle interior material that is affected by the outside air temperature, it becomes a significant problem.

  In order to solve such problems, Patent Document 1 discloses a cover cushion material (synthetic material) using a temperature adjusting material in which microcapsules containing a latent heat storage agent that generates a liquid-solid phase change are dispersed in a base material. Leather) and thereby preventing it from becoming too hot or cold. However, although some effects can be obtained in the above-described aspect, if the latent heat storage agent is used for the entire skin material, the cost is high and the versatility is poor.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-399

  The present invention provides a skin material having a low feeling of contact cold / warmth that maintains the necessary physical properties as a skin material, is not easily affected even when exposed to extreme temperatures, and is less susceptible to temperature changes even when touching the skin. It is to provide.

  The skin material according to the present invention is a skin material in which a porous heat insulating layer and a colored layer are sequentially laminated on a fibrous base material, the surface of the skin material has irregularities, and the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material is 65%. It is characterized by the following.

  According to the present invention, while maintaining the necessary physical properties as a skin material, even when exposed to extreme temperatures, it is not easily affected, and it is difficult to feel a temperature change even when touching the skin, and the skin with a low feeling of coldness of contact. Material can be provided.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the skin material which concerns on one Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

  The skin material of the present invention is a skin material obtained by sequentially laminating a porous heat insulating layer and a colored layer on a fibrous base material, and has an unevenness on the surface of the skin material, and the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material is It is 65% or less. Here, the surface of the skin material is a design surface that appears on the front side when the skin material is used as a skin covering the surface of an object in various applications such as a vehicle interior material, and can be contacted by a person or the like. Surface.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of a skin material 1 according to an embodiment. In this skin material 1, the porous heat insulation layer 3 and the colored layer 4 are laminated | stacked in order on one surface of the fibrous base material 2. FIG. In the illustrated example, a protective layer 5 is laminated on the colored layer 4. Then, the surface (that is, the surface of the skin material) 6 of the skin material 1 is provided with unevenness (that is, a bumpy pattern).

  In the present invention, the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material is a value that is simply calculated by the method described later, for the ratio of the area where the skin adheres to the surface of the skin material when a person touches the skin material. . Generally, when the surface with unevenness is touched, the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material is calculated by the following method based on the fact that the skin is considered to be in close contact with the deep part from the top of the convex part to 50 μm.

  On the surface of the skin material, a rectangular region having a length of 2.5 mm and a width of 2.0 mm is randomly extracted, and the depth at each XY coordinate of 10 μm is measured using a laser microscope. The ratio of the number of XY coordinates indicating the depth from the apex of each convex portion existing in the region to 50 μm to the total number of XY coordinates is defined as the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material.

  When the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material calculated as described above is 65% or less, even when exposed to an extreme temperature, it is not easily affected. Less heat transfer. Therefore, it is possible to provide a skin material that is less susceptible to temperature change and has a low feeling of contact cooling / heating. The contact area ratio is preferably 40% or less. On the other hand, the contact area ratio is preferably 5% or more from the viewpoint of design. More preferably, the contact area ratio is 10% or more, and more preferably 20% or more. In one embodiment, the contact area percentage may be 30-50%.

  Concavities and convexities are formed on the surface of the skin material of the present invention by providing concave portions. Examples of the forming method include a method of applying a resin to a releasable substrate having an uneven pattern and a method by embossing.

  Examples of the fibrous base material used in the present invention include fabrics such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and nonwoven fabrics, and natural leather. As the fabric, a known solvent-based or water-based polymer compound, for example, a polyurethane resin or a copolymer thereof coated or impregnated and dry-coagulated or wet-coagulated can be used. Moreover, the kind of fiber is not specifically limited, Well-known fiber, such as a natural fiber, a regenerated fiber, a semi-synthetic fiber, a synthetic fiber, can be used, You may use these fibers in combination of 2 or more types. Among these, synthetic fibers, particularly polyester fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of strength and workability. The fibrous base material may be colored with a dye or a pigment.

  The thickness of the fibrous base material is not particularly limited, and is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10 mm, for example, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm. When the thickness is 0.2 mm or more, it is less affected by the outside air temperature and can improve the effect of improving the feeling of contact cooling / warming, and also prevents the merchandise from being damaged due to a paperless texture. Can do. Moreover, when the thickness of a fibrous base material is 10 mm or less, heat storage property can be reduced and it can prevent that it feels hot when it contacts in a high temperature environment, or a texture is impaired.

The specific gravity of the fibrous base material is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.005 to 0.1 g / cm ³ , for example, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.05 g / cm ³ . When the specific gravity is 0.005 g / cm ³ or more, it is difficult to be affected by the outside air temperature, and the effect of improving the feeling of contact cooling / warming can be enhanced, and the breaking strength, tear strength, and texture may be impaired. Can be prevented. In addition, when the specific gravity is 0.1 g / cm ³ or less, it is possible to prevent a feeling of heat when touching in a high temperature environment or damage to the texture.

  The heat insulation layer of this invention is a porous heat insulation layer which has many obstruction | occlusion holes (namely, the closed hole which has not penetrated). By being porous, it becomes difficult for heat to be transmitted, the skin material is not easily affected by the outside air temperature, and a skin material with a low feeling of contact cooling / heating can be obtained.

  The shape of the blocking hole in the porous heat insulating layer is not particularly limited and may be an indefinite shape, but is preferably a true sphere from the viewpoint of durability. Moreover, the magnitude | size of an obstruction | occlusion hole is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that the long diameter of an obstruction | occlusion hole is the range of 10-200 micrometers, and also it is preferable that it is the range of 15-100 micrometers. When the major axis is 10 μm or more, the effect of the contact cold / warm feeling can be enhanced. Moreover, when a major axis is 200 micrometers or less, it can prevent that an external appearance, a texture, and abrasion resistance are impaired.

  The closed hole area ratio of the porous heat insulating layer, that is, the ratio of the closed holes in the vertical cross section of the porous heat insulating layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably, for example, 75 to 95%, and more preferably 80 to 90%. Preferably there is. When the obstruction hole area ratio is 75% or more, the effect of the contact cold / warm feeling can be enhanced. When the blocking hole area ratio is 95% or less, it is possible to prevent the durability, in particular, the wear resistance, the bending resistance, the tensile strength, and the tear strength from being impaired.

  The method for calculating the area ratio of the closed pores in the present invention is the method of calculating the area ratio of the closed hole portion with respect to the area occupied by the entire porous heat insulating layer in the vertical section by observing the vertical section of the layer with an electron microscope, a microscope, etc. Ask.

  The means for forming a large number of closed holes in the porous heat insulating layer is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted. Examples thereof include physical foaming by mechanical stirring, chemical foaming by adding a foaming agent, and formation of closed pores by adding hollow fine particles. Alternatively, the pores may be formed by coating the surface of the layer with a nonporous layer after the formation of the pores by wet coating of polyurethane resin. Preferably, from the viewpoint that the shape and size of the closed hole and the area ratio of the closed hole are easily adjusted, the closed hole is formed by adding hollow fine particles. That is, it is preferable that the porous heat insulating layer contains a large number of hollow fine particles, and a large number of closed pores are formed by the hollow fine particles.

  The hollow fine particles refer to spherical shapes in which minute voids inside are covered with coatings (called outer shells, outer walls, etc.) made of various materials. In particular, it is preferable that no volume expansion occurs even when heat treatment is performed. By using such hollow fine particles, volume fluctuation of the porous heat insulating layer during production can be minimized, quality variation can be reduced, and the resin around the hollow fine particles is stretched and thinned. Can be prevented, and wear resistance can be improved.

  As the hollow fine particles, various particles satisfying the above conditions can be used. Examples thereof include organic hollow fine particles having an outer shell made of a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin, an epoxy resin or a urea resin, or a thermoplastic resin such as an acrylic resin or a vinyl chloride resin. Alternatively, inorganic hollow fine particles having an outer shell made of glass, shirasu, silica, alumina, carbon or the like can also be mentioned. Moreover, what coat | covered the surface of organic hollow fine particles with inorganic fine powders, such as a calcium carbonate, a talc, or a titanium oxide, can also be used. Among these, from the viewpoint of heat resistance, wear resistance, and strength, organic hollow fine particles having an outer shell made of a thermoplastic resin, or organic hollow fine particles whose surface is coated with an inorganic fine powder are preferable.

  Here, the hollow fine particles having an outer shell made of a thermoplastic resin that is preferably used are typically those obtained by previously foaming a microcapsule type foaming agent. The microcapsule-type foaming agent itself encloses a volatile foaming agent such as a low-boiling point hydrocarbon in an outer shell made of a thermoplastic resin that can be softened and expanded by heat treatment. In addition, it can also be used as an already foamed material obtained by foaming in advance.

  In the present invention, such hollow fine particles can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

  Resins used as the main agent in the porous heat insulating layer are, for example, known synthetic resins such as polyurethane resins, polyamino acid resins, vinyl chloride resins, SBR resins, NBR resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, and copolymers thereof. These may be used, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, it is preferable to select a polyurethane resin or a copolymer thereof, or a mixed resin containing polyurethane resin as a main component (collectively referred to as a polyurethane resin) from the viewpoint of wear resistance, texture, and the like. A polyurethane resin is more preferable. The type of resin is not particularly limited, such as a solventless system, a solvent system, and an aqueous system.

  For the porous heat insulating layer, additives such as a crosslinking agent, a leveling agent, a pigment, and a matting agent can be used.

  The thickness of a porous heat insulation layer is not specifically limited, For example, it is preferable that it is 20-300 micrometers, More preferably, it is 50-200 micrometers, More preferably, it is 100-200 micrometers. When the thickness is 20 μm or more, the effect of improving the feeling of contact cold / warm can be enhanced. Moreover, the fall of a texture can be suppressed because thickness is 300 micrometers or less.

  The colored layer of the present invention is a layer for concealing the porous heat insulating layer and coloring it in a desired color.

  As resin which comprises a colored layer, resin similar to a porous heat insulation layer can be used. Among these, from the viewpoint of wear resistance, texture, etc., a polyurethane resin, a copolymer thereof, or a mixture containing polyurethane resin as a main component (collectively referred to as a polyurethane resin) is preferable, and a polycarbonate polyurethane resin is more preferable. preferable. The type of resin is not particularly limited, such as a solventless system, a solvent system, or an aqueous system.

  An inorganic pigment and an organic pigment are added to the colored layer as a colorant. The addition amount of the pigment is not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferably 1 to 20% by weight in terms of solid content, and more preferably 5 to 15% by weight. If the amount added is less than 1% by weight, sufficient concealability cannot be ensured and the design may be impaired. If it exceeds 20% by weight, the friction fastness may be impaired.

  In addition to the pigment, a known additive such as a smoothing agent, a crosslinking agent, a matting agent, a leveling agent and the like can be used for the colored layer, if necessary.

  The thickness of the colored layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 100 μm, for example, and more preferably 5 to 40 μm. When the thickness is 1 μm or more, the wear resistance can be improved, and the concealability of the porous heat insulating layer and the colorability sufficient as a design can be enhanced. When the thickness is 100 μm or less, the effect of improving the feeling of contact cold / warm can be enhanced.

  Lamination of each layer is performed by the following method, for example. (A) Resin liquid for forming a colored layer after laminating the porous heat insulation layer on the fibrous base material by applying the resin liquid for forming the porous heat insulation layer on one side of the fibrous base material, followed by dry solidification Is applied on the porous heat-insulating layer, followed by dry solidification, and after laminating the porous heat-insulating layer and the colored layer, an uneven pattern is formed on the surface by embossing. As another example of the method, (B) a colored layer is formed by applying a resin liquid for forming a colored layer to a releasable substrate having a concavo-convex pattern, followed by dry solidification, and then, on the colored layer, After applying the resin liquid forming the porous heat insulating layer, while having adhesiveness, the porous heat insulating layer and the colored layer are laminated by pressure-bonding it to one side of the fibrous base material. As yet another method example, (C) a colored liquid is formed by applying a resin solution for forming a colored layer to a releasable substrate having a concavo-convex pattern, followed by dry solidification, and then on the colored layer, After applying the resin liquid for forming the porous heat insulating layer, it is dry-solidified to form a porous heat insulating layer and a colored layer on the releasable substrate. And a porous heat insulation layer and a colored layer are laminated | stacked by bonding together one side of a colored layer and a fibrous base material with an adhesive agent.

  In addition, the coating method of each resin liquid includes well-known methods, such as knife coating, roll coating, gravure coating, or spray coating.

  The skin material of the present invention may be further provided with a protective layer on the colored layer from the viewpoint of wear resistance.

  As resin which comprises a protective layer, resin similar to a porous heat insulation layer can be used. Among these, from the viewpoints of wear resistance, texture and the like, a polyurethane resin or a copolymer thereof, or a mixture containing polyurethane resin as a main component (collectively referred to as a polyurethane resin) is preferable, and a polycarbonate polyurethane resin is more preferable. . The type of resin is not particularly limited, such as a solventless system, a solvent system, and an aqueous system.

  For the protective layer, known additives such as a smoothing agent, a crosslinking agent, a matting agent, a leveling agent and the like can be used as necessary.

  The thickness of the protective layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 50 μm, for example, and more preferably 5 to 20 μm. Abrasion resistance can be improved because thickness is 1 micrometer or more. Moreover, the fall of the improvement effect of a contact cold / warm feeling can be suppressed because thickness is 50 micrometers or less.

  The total thickness of the colored layer and the protective layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 150 μm, more preferably 10 to 60 μm, and further preferably 20 to 50 μm from the viewpoint of the feeling of contact cooling / heating. There may be. When the total thickness is 2 μm or more, the wear resistance can be improved. Moreover, the fall of the improvement effect of a contact cold / warm feeling can be suppressed because the sum total of thickness is 150 micrometers or less.

  Lamination of the protective layer is performed, for example, by the following method. After laminating the porous heat insulating layer and the colored layer on the fibrous base material by the above methods (A) to (C), a resin solution for forming the protective layer is applied on the colored layer and dry-solidified to form the protective layer. Form. As another method example, in the method (A) above, after forming the colored layer and before embossing, a resin liquid for forming the protective layer is applied on the colored layer and dry-solidified to form the protective layer. Thereafter, an uneven pattern is formed on the surface by embossing. As another example of the method, in the methods (B) and (C) described above, the resin layer for forming the protective layer is first applied on the releasable base material and then dry-solidified to form the protective layer, followed by coloring. A colored liquid layer is formed by applying a resin liquid for forming the layer. In addition, the coating method of the resin liquid of a protective layer includes well-known methods, such as knife coating, roll coating, gravure coating, or spray coating.

  The skin material targeted by the present invention comprises a fibrous base material, a porous heat insulating layer, and a colored layer as essential constituent members, and one or two layers between each layer as necessary. The above layers may be provided.

  The layer that becomes the outermost surface of the skin material of the present invention is preferably not porous, that is, nonporous. This is because if the outermost surface layer is nonporous, it is advantageous in terms of wear resistance.

  The surface static friction coefficient of the layer that becomes the surface (ie, the outermost surface) of the skin material is preferably 0.05 to 1.00, and preferably 0.10 to 0.66 from the viewpoint of wear resistance. More preferred. In addition, when the surface static friction coefficient is less than 0.05, the seat surface becomes slippery and the seating feeling may be impaired.

  The use of the skin material of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, it is used for interior materials for various vehicles including automobile interior materials such as automobile seats, ceiling materials, dashboards, door lining materials or handles. In addition, it can be used for interior applications such as the skin for sofas and chairs.

[Example 1]

[Fiber base material]
28 gauge polyester tricot knitted fabric (thickness 1.0-1.2 mm, specific gravity 0.03 g / cm ³ )

[Formulation 1 (for colored layer)]
Main agent: Water-based polycarbonate-based polyurethane resin (BAYDERM Bottom DLV, solid content 40% by weight): 90 parts by weight Matting agent: Silica-containing water-based polycarbonate-based urethane resin (HYDRHOLAC UD-2, solid content 25% by weight): 10 parts by weight Cross-linking Agent: Isocyanate-based crosslinking agent (AQUADERM XL-50, solid content 50% by weight): 1 part by weight Pigment: Carbon black-based black pigment (EUDERM Black BN, solid content 25% by weight): 20 parts by weight Water: 20% by weight Part Leveling agent: Silicone leveling agent (AQUADERM Fluid H, solid content 100% by weight): 1 part by weight All raw materials except LAN are manufactured by LANXESS Corporation.
Preparation method: The viscosity was adjusted to 5,000 cps (B-type viscometer, rotor: No. 4, 12 rpm, 23 ° C.).

[Formulation 2 (for porous heat insulating layer)]
Main agent: Water-based polycarbonate-based polyurethane resin (BAYDERM Bottom DLV, solid content 40% by weight): 100 parts by weight Hollow fine particles: Microfoamed microcapsules (Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Matsumoto Microsphere MFL-81GCA, average particle size 20 μm, solid 100% by weight, powder): 10 parts by weight Crosslinking agent: Isocyanate-based crosslinking agent (AQUADERM XL-50, solid content 50% by weight): 1 part by weight Leveling agent: Silicone-based leveling agent (AQUADERM Fluid H, solid content 100 (% By weight): 1 part by weight Water: 20 parts by weight The raw materials other than water and hollow fine particles are manufactured by LANXESS Corporation.
Preparation method: The viscosity was adjusted to 5,000 cps (B-type viscometer, rotor: No. 4, 12 rpm, 23 ° C.).

[Formulation 3 (for protective layer)]
Main agent: Water-based polycarbonate-based polyurethane resin (BAYDERM Finish 61UD solid content 35% by weight): 90 parts by weight Matting agent: Silica-containing polycarbonate-based urethane resin (HYDRHOLAC UD-2, solid content 25% by weight): 10 parts by weight Cross-linking agent : Isocyanate-based crosslinking agent (AQUADERM XL-50, solid content 50% by weight): 1 part by weight Leveling agent: Silicone leveling agent (AQUADERM Fluid H, solid content 100% by weight): 1 part by weight Water: 20 parts by weight All except for water are manufactured by LANXESS.
Preparation method: The viscosity was adjusted to 200 cps (B-type viscometer, rotor: No. 1, 12 rpm, 23 ° C.).

  The polyurethane resin composition for the colored layer prepared according to the above-mentioned prescription 1 is applied to a release paper (R-102, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) having a textured uneven pattern with a comma coater so that the coating thickness becomes 100 μm on average. A colored layer was formed by coating in a sheet and treating with a dryer at 100 ° C. for 3 minutes. The thickness of the colored layer was 30 μm. In addition, the thickness of a layer observes the vertical cross section of a synthetic leather with a microscope (the Keyence Corporation make, digital HF microscope VH-8000), measures the thickness about arbitrary 10 places, and averages these values Was calculated.

  Next, the polyurethane resin composition for a porous heat insulation layer prepared according to the above-mentioned prescription 2 is applied to the surface of the colored layer formed on the release paper with a comma coater so as to have an average coating thickness of 300 μm. And it processed for 3 minutes at 100 degreeC with the dryer, and formed the porous heat insulation layer. The layer thickness was 150 μm. The size (major axis) of the closed hole in the porous heat insulating layer was 20 μm, and the closed hole area ratio was 90%. As for the size of the blocking hole, the vertical cross section of the synthetic leather was observed with a microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, Digital HF microscope VH-8000), and the maximum value was the size of the blocking hole. The obstruction hole area ratio is obtained by observing a vertical cross section of synthetic leather with a microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, Digital HF Microscope VH-8000), reading the image of the heat insulating layer portion into a personal computer, and painting the obstruction hole in white. The area ratio of the closed hole was calculated by binarizing the color of the closed hole and the other part into white and black and counting the white dot part by integration.

On the surface of the porous heat insulating layer formed on the release paper, an adhesive prepared by adding dimethylformamide to polycarbonate polyurethane resin to a viscosity of 5000 cps (B type viscometer, rotor: No4, 12 rpm, 23 ° C.) After coating, the coating thickness was 200 μm on average, heat-treated at 100 ° C. for 1 minute, pre-dried, and pressed with 4 kgf / cm ² for 1 minute over the polyester tricot knitted fabric of the fibrous base material. Thereafter, the release paper was peeled off.

  Subsequently, the polyurethane resin composition for the protective layer prepared according to the above-mentioned prescription 3 was applied to the surface of the colored layer after the release paper was peeled off, using a reverse coater so as to have an average thickness of 50 μm, and then dried. A protective layer having a thickness of 10 μm was formed by processing at 100 ° C. for 3 minutes using a machine, and the synthetic leather of Example 1 was obtained.

[Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2]
Synthetic leathers of Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the construction of each layer was produced as shown in Table 1.

  While measuring the contact area ratio on the surface of the surface of the synthetic leather, the height difference of the unevenness, and the coefficient of surface static friction of the produced synthetic leather, each synthetic leather had a feeling of cooling contact (measurement of Qmax and sensory evaluation) and a feeling of contact temperature (sensory Evaluation), wear resistance (Method I), wear resistance (Method II), and texture were evaluated by the following methods, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[Measurement method of contact area ratio]
On the surface of the skin material, a rectangular area of 2.5 mm in length and 2.0 mm in width is randomly extracted, and the depth at every XY coordinate of 10 μm is measured using a laser microscope (VK-8500: manufactured by Keyence Corporation). measure. The ratio of the number of XY coordinates indicating the depth from the convex vertex to 50 μm to the total number of XY coordinates is defined as the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material.

[Measurement method of uneven height difference]
On the surface of the skin material, a rectangular area of 2.5 mm in length and 2.0 mm in width was randomly extracted, and the difference in height for each 10 μm XY coordinate was measured using a laser microscope (VK-8500: manufactured by Keyence Corporation). measure. The height difference from the top of each convex portion existing in the region to the bottom of the adjacent concave portion is measured, and the maximum value is defined as the height difference of the concave and convex portions.

[Measurement method of surface static friction coefficient]
Three test pieces each having a width of 100 mm and a length of 150 mm are taken from each of the vertical and horizontal directions. The friction element has a grounding surface of 65 mm × 105 mm and a weight of 1500 g, and a cotton canvas (first grade canvas No. 6, manufactured by Daiwa Boseki Co., Ltd.) is attached so as not to loosen.
Fix the test piece with double-sided tape and attach it to the friction measuring machine AN type (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho). The distance between the friction element and the stopper is 5 mm, and the friction element is placed on the test piece.
The inclination speed of the inclined plate is set to 2.7 ° / second, and the angle (θ) of the inclined plate when the inclined plate is inclined and the friction element starts to slide is read. The direction of the friction element is changed, and the reverse direction is also measured in the longitudinal direction of the test piece. Measure three times for the same specimen and the same direction.
As a result, an average angle (θ) of measured values excluding the maximum value and the minimum value is obtained for each direction of each test piece. Based on the average angle (θ), tan θ is calculated for each direction of each test piece, and this value is used as the surface static friction coefficient.

[Evaluation of contact cooling feeling (measurement of Qmax)]
Qmax was measured using a precision rapid thermophysical property measuring apparatus (KES-F-M7 Thermolab II type, manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd.) as an evaluation of the contact cooling sensation. This apparatus includes a sample stage on which a skin material as a sample is attached, and a detector. A copper thin plate is attached to one surface of the detector, and a temperature sensor is attached to the back surface of the copper thin plate. A heater is attached to the sample stage and the detector, and the temperature can be set independently by a control device.
A skin material is affixed to the sample table, the sample table is set to 20 ° C. by the control device, and the temperature of the copper thin plate of the detector is set to 30 ° C. Subsequently, the sensor output from the temperature sensor is recorded simultaneously with bringing the sample stage and the detector into contact with each other. At this time, the copper thin plate is deprived of heat by the sample stage through the skin material, and the temperature decreases. The maximum heat absorption rate (Qmax) at this time was measured. The larger the value of Qmax, the greater the feeling of cooling when touched by a person.

[Evaluation of cold contact feeling (sensory evaluation)]
After the test piece was allowed to stand at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes, the cold feeling of contact felt by the subject when the subject brought the palm into contact with the surface of the skin material was determined according to the following criteria. In addition, the sensory evaluation by the subject calculated the average of the evaluation by 10 subjects.
6 ・ ・ ・ No sudden temperature change is felt at all 5 ・ ・ ・ Slight temperature change is felt slightly, but there is no discomfort 4 ・ ・ ・ Slight temperature change is felt slightly, but there is no discomfort 3 ... feels a sudden temperature change and feels a little uncomfortable 2 ... feels a lot of sudden temperature change and feels uncomfortable 1 ... feels a strong sudden temperature change and is quite uncomfortable

[Evaluation of contact sensation (sensory evaluation)]
After the test piece was allowed to stand at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes, the contact temperature feeling felt by the subject when the subject brought the palm into contact with the surface of the skin material was determined according to the following criteria.
6 ・ ・ ・ No sudden temperature change is felt at all 5 ・ ・ ・ Slight temperature change is felt slightly, but there is no discomfort 4 ・ ・ ・ Slight temperature change is felt slightly, but there is no discomfort 3 ... feels a sudden temperature change and feels a little uncomfortable 2 ... feels a lot of sudden temperature change and feels uncomfortable 1 ... feels a strong sudden temperature change and is quite uncomfortable

[Abrasion resistance method I]
A test piece with a width of 70 mm and a length of 300 mm was taken from each of the vertical and horizontal directions, and a urethane foam with a width of 70 mm, a length of 300 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm was attached to the back surface, and a flat surface wear tester Fix to T-TYPE (manufactured by Daiei Scientific Instruments). A test piece is worn by applying a load of 9.8 N to a friction element covered with cotton cloth (cotton canvas). The frictional wear reciprocates 10,000 times at a speed of 60 reciprocations / minute between 140 mm on the surface of the test piece. (Cotton canvas: The cotton canvas is changed every 2500 reciprocations, and a total of 10,000 reciprocations are worn.) The test pieces after abrasion were observed and judged according to the following criteria.
5 ... No change in appearance (no cracks or tears)
4 ・ ・ ・ Slightly worn, but not noticeable 3 ・ ・ ・ Wear is clearly recognized and fiber base material is exposed (crack is observed)
2 ... The fiber base material is slightly exposed 1 ... The fiber base material is exposed (breaking is observed)

[Abrasion resistance II method]
Except that the number of wear was 20000, all test pieces were prepared and judged under the same conditions as [Abrasion Resistance I Method].

[Texture (sensory evaluation)]
A sensory evaluation was performed by a subject, and the determination was made according to the following criteria.
◎ ・ ・ ・ Pretty good (very flexible)
○ ・ ・ ・ Good (flexible)
△ ・ ・ ・ Slightly bad (slightly inflexible)
× ・ ・ ・ Bad (hard and inflexible)

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Skin material 2 ... Fiber base material 3 ... Porous heat insulation layer 4 ... Colored layer 5 ... Protective layer 6 ... Surface of skin material

A skin material according to the present invention is a skin material in which a porous heat insulating layer and a colored layer are sequentially laminated on a fibrous base material, and a protective layer is laminated on the colored layer, and the surface of the skin material is uneven. And the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material is 65% or less.

On the surface of the skin material, a rectangular region having a length of 2.5 mm and a width of 2.0 mm is randomly extracted, and the depth at each XY coordinate of 10 μm is measured using a laser microscope. The ratio of the number of XY coordinates indicating the depth from the top of the convex portion existing in the region to 50 μm to the total number of XY coordinates is defined as the contact area ratio on the surface of the skin material.

Claims (7)

A skin material in which a porous heat insulating layer and a colored layer are sequentially laminated on a fibrous base material,
A skin material having irregularities on the surface of the skin material and having a contact area ratio of 65% or less on the surface of the skin material.   The skin material according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the closed pores of the porous heat insulating layer is 75 to 95%.   The skin material according to claim 1, wherein the porous heat insulating layer contains hollow fine particles and has a thickness of 20 to 300 μm.   The thickness of the said colored layer is 1-100 micrometers, The skin material of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a protective layer is laminated on the colored layer.   The skin material according to claim 5, wherein the total thickness of the colored layer and the protective layer is 2 to 150 μm.   The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a surface static friction coefficient of the skin material is 0.05 to 1.00.

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