JP2014003930A - Structure for growing seaweed and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Structure for growing seaweed and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、海藻種苗を着定基質に定着させて海藻を育成することができる海藻育成用構造体およびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a seaweed growing structure capable of growing seaweed by fixing a seaweed seedling to a setting substrate and a method for producing the same.
コンブ目の植物には、マコンブやワカメなどの食用とされる海藻が数多く含まれる。これらのコンブ目植物は、無性の巨視的な胞子体世代（複相：２ｎ）と、有性の微視的な配偶体世代（単相：ｎ）とを交互に繰り返して繁殖する。いわゆる「コンブ」や「ワカメ」などとして人々に認識されている複相の胞子体は、成熟すると単相（ｎ）の遊走子（胞子）を放出する。放出された遊走子は、海底の岩盤などに付着してオスの配偶体（雄性配偶体）またはメスの配偶体（雌性配偶体）になる。雄性配偶体は成熟すると精子を放出し、雌性配偶体は成熟すると卵を放出する。この精子と卵が結合した受精卵は、生長して再び複相（２ｎ）の胞子体になる。 The Kombu plant contains many edible seaweeds such as Macombu and Wakame. These Compositae plants reproduce by alternately repeating asexual macroscopic spore body generation (multiphase: 2n) and sexual microscopic gametophyte generation (single phase: n). Multiphase spores, recognized by people as so-called “combs” and “wakame”, release single-phase (n) zoospores (spores) when they mature. The released zoospores attach to the bedrock of the seabed and become a male gametophyte (male gametophyte) or a female gametophyte (female gametophyte). Male gametes release sperm when mature, and female gametes release eggs when mature. The fertilized egg in which the sperm and egg are combined grows again to become a multiphase (2n) spore body.
従来、コンブ目植物の育成を目的として、種苗糸やコンクリートブロックなどの着定基質にコンブ目植物を着生させようとする場合、天然の母藻（胞子体）の近くに着定基質を配置したり、採取した天然の母藻を着定基質の近くに配置したりすることで、母藻から放出される遊走子を着定基質に受動的に付着させるのが一般的であった（例えば、スポアバッグ法など）。しかしながら、近年、海洋環境の変化に伴うコンブ目植物の資源量の減少が指摘されており、天然の母藻を利用する従来の方法を実施できなくなる可能性がでてきた。このため、天然の胞子体から放出される遊走子の代わりに、培養保存されている配偶体の優良株またはそれから得られた幼胞子体を種苗として用いることが期待されている。 Conventionally, in order to grow a kombu plant, when setting the kombu plant on a setting substrate such as seedlings and concrete blocks, a setting substrate is placed near the natural mother alga (spore body). It is common to passively attach zoospores released from the mother algae to the setting substrate by placing the collected natural mother algae near the setting substrate (for example, , Spore bag method). However, in recent years, it has been pointed out that the amount of the resources of the Composita plant with the change of the marine environment has been pointed out, and there has been a possibility that the conventional method using natural mother algae cannot be carried out. For this reason, it is expected that an excellent strain of gametophyte preserved in culture or a young sporophyte obtained therefrom is used as a seedling and seedling instead of a zoospore released from a natural spore.
このような配偶体または幼胞子体を種苗として用いる場合、配偶体または幼胞子体を着定基質に効率よく着生させることが重要である。種苗を着定基質上に固定する手段としては、高分子ゲルを用いる方法が提案されている。たとえば、特許文献１には、アルギン酸水溶液に幼胞子体および砂を分散させた種苗含有粘液を調製し、海水中において種苗含有粘液を着定基質に付着させることが開示されている。アルギン酸水溶液は海水のカルシウムイオンの作用によりゲル化するため、上記工程を行うことにより、幼胞子体および砂を含むゲルを着定基質上に固定することができる。ゲル内の幼胞子体は、生長するに伴い付着器を伸ばして着定基質に付着する。したがって、ある程度胞子体が生長した後であれば、ゲルは分解されても問題とならない。 When such a gametophyte or spore body is used as a seedling, it is important that the gametophyte or spore body is efficiently grown on a setting substrate. As a means for fixing seedlings and seedlings on a setting substrate, a method using a polymer gel has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses preparing seed and seedling-containing mucus in which larval spores and sand are dispersed in an alginic acid aqueous solution and attaching the seed and seedling-containing mucus to a setting substrate in seawater. Since the aqueous alginate solution gels due to the action of calcium ions in seawater, the gel containing the spore bodies and sand can be fixed on the fixing substrate by performing the above-described steps. As the sporophyte in the gel grows, it stretches the attachment and adheres to the fixation substrate. Therefore, once the spores have grown to some extent, the gel does not matter even if it is decomposed.
特許文献１の技術では、種苗がゲル中に埋没しているため、種苗が着定基質に付着するのにある程度の期間（通常４週間以上）を要する。このため、種苗が着定基質に付着する前に、何らかの理由により着定基質からゲルが剥離してしまった場合、種苗は着定基質に付着することができない。また、種苗が着定基質に付着した後であっても、着定基質からゲルが剥離する時に、ゲルと共に種苗も着定基質から脱落してしまう可能性が高い。 In the technique of Patent Document 1, since the seedling is buried in the gel, it takes a certain period of time (usually 4 weeks or more) for the seedling to adhere to the setting substrate. For this reason, if the gel peels off from the setting substrate for some reason before the seedlings adhere to the setting substrate, the seedlings cannot adhere to the setting substrate. Moreover, even after the seedlings are attached to the setting substrate, when the gel peels from the setting substrate, it is highly likely that the seedlings will fall off the setting substrate together with the gel.
本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、短時間で確実に海藻種苗を着定基質に定着させることができる海藻育成用構造体およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 This invention is made | formed in view of this point, and it aims at providing the structure for seaweed cultivation which can fix a seaweed seedling seedling to a setting substrate reliably in a short time, and its manufacturing method.
本発明者は、種苗含有液を非ゲル化するとともに、種苗含有液を着定基質の表面上に保持する高分子ゲル膜を新たに設けることで上記課題を解決できることを見出し、さらに検討を加えて本発明を完成させた。 The present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problem can be solved by de-gelling the seedling-containing liquid and newly providing a polymer gel film that holds the seedling-containing liquid on the surface of the setting substrate, and further studies have been made. The present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、以下の海藻育成用構造体に関する。
［１］海藻の足場となりうる着定基質と、前記着定基質の表面上に配置され、遊走子、配偶体および幼胞子体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の海藻種苗を含む種苗含有液と、前記種苗含有液を前記着定基質の表面上に保持するように、前記種苗含有液を覆い、かつ前記種苗含有液と接触していない部分の一部が前記着定基質と密着している高分子ゲル膜と、を有する、海藻育成用構造体。
［２］前記種苗含有液は、粘性を有する高分子水溶液中に前記海藻種苗を分散させたものである、［１］に記載の海藻育成用構造体。
［３］前記高分子水溶液の粘度は、前記海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置する前は３００００ｃＰｓ以下であり、かつ前記海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置して２４時間以上経過した後は２００ｃＰｓ以下である、［２］に記載の海藻育成用構造体。
［４］前記高分子水溶液は、ポリエチレングリコール、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガムおよびこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の水溶性高分子を含む、［２］または［３］に記載の海藻育成用構造体。
［５］前記高分子ゲル膜は、多価金属イオンの存在下において架橋される高分子により形成される、［１］〜［４］のいずれか一項に記載の海藻育成用構造体。
［６］前記架橋される高分子は、アルギン酸誘導体またはジェランガムである、［５］に記載の海藻育成用構造体。
［７］前記高分子ゲル膜の厚みは、０.１〜５ｍｍの範囲内である、［１］〜［６］のいずれか一項に記載の海藻育成用構造体。
That is, the present invention relates to the following seaweed growing structure.
[1] A seedling substrate including a setting substrate that can serve as a scaffold for seaweed, and one or more seaweed seedlings that are arranged on the surface of the setting substrate and are selected from the group consisting of zoospores, gametophytes and spore bodies A part of the portion that covers the seedling-containing liquid and is not in contact with the seedling-containing liquid so as to hold the containing liquid and the seedling-containing liquid on the surface of the setting substrate; A structure for seaweed cultivation, comprising a polymer gel membrane.
[2] The seaweed breeding structure according to [1], wherein the seed and seedling-containing liquid is obtained by dispersing the seaweed seedling and seedling in a viscous polymer aqueous solution.
[3] The viscosity of the aqueous polymer solution is 30000 cPs or less before the seaweed growing structure is placed in seawater, and after 24 hours or more have passed since the seaweed growing structure is placed in seawater. Is a structure for seaweed cultivation according to [2], which is 200 cPs or less.
[4] The aqueous polymer solution contains one or more water-soluble polymers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, and derivatives thereof. ] Or the seaweed growing structure according to [3].
[5] The seaweed growing structure according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the polymer gel film is formed of a polymer that is crosslinked in the presence of a polyvalent metal ion.
[6] The seaweed growing structure according to [5], wherein the crosslinked polymer is an alginic acid derivative or gellan gum.
[7] The seaweed growing structure according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the polymer gel film has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm.
また、本発明は、以下の海藻育成用構造体の製造方法に関する。
［８］海藻の足場となりうる着定基質の表面上に、粘性を有する第１高分子水溶液中に遊走子、配偶体および幼胞子体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の海藻種苗を分散させた種苗含有液を塗布する工程と、前記種苗含有液を覆うように、前記着定基質の表面上および前記種苗含有液の表面上に第２高分子水溶液を塗布する工程と、前記第２高分子水溶液をゲル化させて、前記種苗含有液を覆う高分子ゲル膜を形成する工程と、を有する、海藻育成用構造体の製造方法。
［９］前記第１高分子水溶液の粘度は、５０〜３００００ｃＰｓの範囲内である、［８］に記載の海藻育成用構造体の製造方法。
［１０］前記第１高分子水溶液は、ポリエチレングリコール、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガムおよびこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の水溶性高分子を含む、［８］または［９］に記載の海藻育成用構造体の製造方法。
［１１］前記第２高分子水溶液は、多価金属イオンの存在下において架橋される高分子を含む、［８］〜［１０］のいずれか一項に記載の海藻育成用構造体の製造方法。
［１２］前記架橋される高分子は、アルギン酸誘導体またはジェランガムである、［１１］に記載の海藻育成用構造体の製造方法。
Moreover, this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the structure for the following seaweed cultivation.
[8] One or more seaweed seedlings selected from the group consisting of zoospores, gametophytes and spore bodies in a viscous first polymer aqueous solution on the surface of a settlement substrate that can serve as a seaweed scaffold Applying the dispersed seedling-containing liquid, applying the second polymer aqueous solution on the surface of the setting substrate and on the surface of the seedling-containing liquid so as to cover the seedling-containing liquid, (2) A method for producing a seaweed growing structure, comprising: gelling an aqueous polymer solution to form a polymer gel film covering the seedling-containing liquid.
[9] The method for producing a structure for growing seaweed according to [8], wherein the viscosity of the first polymer aqueous solution is in the range of 50 to 30000 cPs.
[10] The first polymer aqueous solution contains one or more water-soluble polymers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, and derivatives thereof. [8] The method for producing a seaweed growing structure according to [9].
[11] The method for producing a structure for growing seaweed according to any one of [8] to [10], wherein the second aqueous polymer solution contains a polymer that is crosslinked in the presence of a polyvalent metal ion. .
[12] The method for producing a seaweed growing structure according to [11], wherein the polymer to be crosslinked is an alginic acid derivative or gellan gum.
本発明によれば、短時間で確実に海藻種苗を着定基質に定着させることができる。 According to the present invention, a seaweed seedling can be firmly fixed on a setting substrate in a short time.
１．藻育成用構造体
本発明の海藻育成用構造体は、海藻の足場となりうる着定基質と、着定基質の表面上に配置された種苗含有液と、種苗含有液を覆うように配置された高分子ゲル膜と、を有する。
1. Algae-growing structure The seaweed-growing structure of the present invention is arranged so as to cover a seedling-containing liquid that can be used as a scaffold for seaweed, a seedling-containing liquid placed on the surface of the setting substrate, and a seedling-containing liquid And a polymer gel film.
着定基質は、海藻の足場となる基材である。着定基質の素材および形状は、海藻の足場となりうるものであれば特に限定されない。着定基質の例には、石材や木材、天然繊維、合成繊維、糸資材、素焼き板、表面に微細な凹凸を有する樹脂成形体、樹脂の多孔質体、金属などが含まれる。 The settlement substrate is a base material that serves as a scaffold for seaweed. The material and shape of the settlement substrate are not particularly limited as long as they can serve as a scaffold for seaweed. Examples of the setting substrate include stone, wood, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, yarn material, unglazed plate, resin molded body having fine irregularities on the surface, resin porous body, metal and the like.
種苗含有液は、着定基質の表面上に配置された、海藻種苗を含む水溶液である。ここで「海藻種苗」とは、育成する海藻の遊走子、配偶体または幼胞子体を意味する。種苗含有液は、これらの種苗のうちの１種のみ（例えば幼胞子体のみ）を含んでいてもよいし、２種以上（例えば配偶体および幼胞子体）を含んでいてもよい。また、海藻種苗として配偶体を使用する場合は、配偶体は、細分化されていてもよい。 The seedling-containing liquid is an aqueous solution containing seaweed seedlings disposed on the surface of the setting substrate. Here, “seaweed seedling” means a zoospore, gametophyte or spore body of the seaweed to be grown. The seedling-containing liquid may contain only one of these seedlings (for example, only spore bodies), or may contain two or more (for example, gametophyte and spore body). Moreover, when using a gametophyte as a seaweed seedling, the gametophyte may be subdivided.
育成する海藻の種類は、特に限定されない。育成する海藻の例には、マコンブやホソメコンブ、ワカメ、アラメ、カジメなどのコンブ目植物や、ホンダワラやアカモク、ヒジキなどのヒバマタ目植物などなどが含まれる。 The kind of seaweed to grow is not particularly limited. Examples of seaweeds to be nurtured include macaques, hosomecombs, seaweeds, alames, scallops, and other species, as well as hibaramata plants, such as hondawala, akamoku and hijiki.
種苗含有液中の海藻種苗の密度は、特に限定されず、適宜設定されうる。海藻種苗の密度が低すぎる場合、受精率が低下して、育成効率が低下してしまうおそれがある。一方、海藻種苗の密度が高すぎる場合、着定基質に定着できない海藻種苗の数が増大してしまい、育成効率が低下してしまうおそれがある。 The density of the seaweed seedling in the seedling-containing liquid is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate. If the density of the seaweed seedling is too low, the fertilization rate may decrease, and the growth efficiency may decrease. On the other hand, when the density of seaweed seedlings is too high, the number of seaweed seedlings that cannot be fixed on the setting substrate increases, and the growth efficiency may be reduced.
海藻種苗を分散させる水溶液の種類は、海藻種苗が着定基質の表面に付着し、生長しうるものであれば特に限定されない。たとえば、海藻種苗を分散させる水溶液は、人工海水または天然海水である。また、海藻種苗を分散させる水溶液には、種苗の生長を促進させる栄養素などを添加してもよい。 The type of the aqueous solution in which the seaweed seedlings are dispersed is not particularly limited as long as the seaweed seedlings adhere to the surface of the settlement substrate and can grow. For example, the aqueous solution in which the seaweed seedling is dispersed is artificial seawater or natural seawater. Moreover, you may add the nutrient etc. which promote the growth of a seedling to the aqueous solution which disperses a seaweed seedling.
後述する本発明の製造方法により本発明の海藻育成用構造体を製造する場合、種苗含有液の上に高分子ゲル膜を形成するために、種苗含有液はある程度の粘度を有することが必要である。この場合、種苗含有液は、粘性を有する高分子水溶液中に前記海藻種苗を分散させたものであることが好ましい。このような高分子水溶液は、例えば人工海水または天然海水に所定量の水溶性高分子を溶解させることで調製されうる。水溶性高分子の種類は、海水に含まれる成分により凝集および析出せず、かつ海藻種苗の生育に悪影響を及ぼさないものであれば特に限定されない。そのような水溶性高分子の例には、ポリエチレングリコールや、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、キサンタンガム、カラギーナン、ローカストビーンガム、グアーガムおよびこれらの誘導体などが含まれる。これらの水溶性高分子は、１種のみで使用してもよいし、２種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。 When the seaweed growing structure of the present invention is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention described later, the seedling-containing liquid needs to have a certain degree of viscosity in order to form a polymer gel film on the seedling-containing liquid. is there. In this case, it is preferable that the seed and seedling-containing liquid is a dispersion of the seaweed seedling and seedling in a viscous polymer aqueous solution. Such an aqueous polymer solution can be prepared, for example, by dissolving a predetermined amount of a water-soluble polymer in artificial seawater or natural seawater. The type of water-soluble polymer is not particularly limited as long as it does not aggregate and precipitate due to components contained in seawater and does not adversely affect the growth of seaweed seedlings. Examples of such water-soluble polymers include polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum and derivatives thereof. These water-soluble polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明の海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置する前の状態では、種苗含有液の粘度は、特に限定されない。たとえば、種苗含有液（水溶液）の粘度は、３００００ｃＰｓ以下であり、好ましくは１００００ｃＰｓ以下である。一方で、本発明の製造方法により本発明の海藻育成用構造体を製造する場合は、前述のとおり、種苗含有液はある程度の粘度を有することが必要である。この場合は、塗工性の観点から、種苗含有液（水溶液）の粘度は、５０〜３００００ｃＰｓの範囲内が好ましい。 In the state before installing the seaweed growing structure of the present invention in seawater, the viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid is not particularly limited. For example, the viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid (aqueous solution) is 30000 cPs or less, preferably 10,000 cPs or less. On the other hand, when producing the seaweed growing structure of the present invention by the production method of the present invention, the seedling-containing liquid needs to have a certain degree of viscosity as described above. In this case, the viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid (aqueous solution) is preferably in the range of 50 to 30000 cPs from the viewpoint of coatability.
後述するように、本発明の海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置した場合、種苗含有液は高分子ゲル膜を通ってきた海水により希釈されるため、種苗含有液の粘度は低下する。このように希釈された後（具体的には、海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置して２４時間以上経過した後）の種苗含有液（水溶液）の粘度は、２００ｃＰｓ以下であることが好ましい。希釈された後の種苗含有液（水溶液）の粘度が２００ｃＰｓを超える場合、海藻種苗が着定基質の表面に定着するのに要する時間が増大してしまい、本発明の効果を十分に発揮させることができないおそれがある。また、精子が適切に移動することができず、正常な胞子体の発生が阻害されるおそれもある。種苗含有液（水溶液）の粘度は、例えば水溶性高分子の濃度を調整することで制御されうる。 As will be described later, when the seaweed growing structure of the present invention is installed in seawater, the seedling-containing liquid is diluted with seawater that has passed through the polymer gel membrane, so that the viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid decreases. The viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid (aqueous solution) after being diluted in this way (specifically, after 24 hours or more have passed after the seaweed growing structure is installed in seawater) is preferably 200 cPs or less. . When the viscosity of the seed and seedling-containing liquid (aqueous solution) after dilution exceeds 200 cPs, the time required for the seaweed seedling to settle on the surface of the settled substrate increases, and the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited. You may not be able to. Moreover, there is a possibility that the sperm cannot move properly and the generation of normal spores is inhibited. The viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid (aqueous solution) can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the concentration of the water-soluble polymer.
高分子ゲル膜は、種苗含有液を覆い、かつ前記種苗含有液と接触していない部分の一部が着定基質と密着している、高分子ゲルからなる膜である。高分子ゲル膜は、種苗含有液を着定基質の表面上に保持する機能を担っている。 The polymer gel film is a film made of a polymer gel that covers the seedling-containing liquid and a part of the portion that is not in contact with the seedling-containing liquid is in close contact with the setting substrate. The polymer gel film has a function of holding the seedling-containing liquid on the surface of the setting substrate.
高分子ゲル膜には、海藻種苗が着定基質に定着するまでの期間（例えば２週間）、海水中において破壊されない耐久性が要求される。高分子ゲル膜を構成する高分子の種類は、このような耐久性を実現可能なものであれば特に限定されない。このような高分子の例には、アルギン酸誘導体やジェランガムなどの、多価金属イオンの存在下において架橋される高分子が含まれる。好ましくは、アルギン酸ナトリウムが使用される。また、高分子ゲル膜には、耐久性を向上させるための高分子をさらに添加してもよい。耐久性を向上させうる高分子の例には、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどが含まれる。 The polymer gel membrane is required to have durability that is not destroyed in seawater for a period (for example, two weeks) until the seaweed seedlings settle on the setting substrate. The kind of polymer constituting the polymer gel film is not particularly limited as long as such durability can be realized. Examples of such polymers include polymers that are crosslinked in the presence of polyvalent metal ions, such as alginic acid derivatives and gellan gum. Preferably sodium alginate is used. In addition, a polymer for improving durability may be further added to the polymer gel film. Examples of the polymer capable of improving the durability include hydroxypropyl cellulose.
高分子ゲル膜の厚みは、特に限定されないが、塗工性および海水中での分解時間を考慮すると、０.１〜５ｍｍの範囲が好ましく、０.５〜３ｍｍの範囲がより好ましい。高分子ゲル膜の厚みが０.１ｍｍ未満の場合、海藻種苗が着定基質に定着する前に、高分子ゲル膜が崩壊し、流失してしまうおそれがある。一方、高分子ゲル膜の厚みが５ｍｍを超える場合、海藻種苗が着定基質に定着した後も、高分子ゲル膜がそのまま存在し続け、却って胞子体の生長を阻害してしまうおそれがある。 The thickness of the polymer gel film is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 mm in consideration of coatability and decomposition time in seawater. When the thickness of the polymer gel film is less than 0.1 mm, the polymer gel film may collapse and be washed away before the seaweed seedlings are fixed on the settlement substrate. On the other hand, when the thickness of the polymer gel film exceeds 5 mm, the polymer gel film continues to exist even after the seaweed seedlings have settled on the settlement substrate, which may inhibit the growth of spores.
図１は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る藻育成用構造体の構成を示す断面図である。図１に示されるように、本実施の形態の海藻育成用構造体１００は、海藻の足場となりうる着定基質１１０と、遊走子、配偶体および幼胞子体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の海藻種苗１３０を含む種苗含有液１２０と、種苗含有液１２０を着定基質１１０の表面上に保持するように、種苗含有液１２０を覆う高分子ゲル膜１４０と、を有する。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a structure for growing algae according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the seaweed growing structure 100 of the present embodiment is a 1 or 2 selected from the group consisting of a settlement substrate 110 that can be a seaweed scaffold, and a zoospore, gametophyte and spore body. The seedling-containing liquid 120 including two or more seaweed seedlings 130 and the polymer gel film 140 that covers the seedling-containing liquid 120 so as to hold the seedling-containing liquid 120 on the surface of the setting substrate 110 are provided.
本発明の海藻育成用構造体は、屋外または屋内において海水中に沈められた状態で使用される。本発明の海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置すると、種苗含有液は、高分子ゲル膜を通ってきた海水により希釈される。このため、種苗含有液（水溶液）の粘度は、２００ｃＰｓ以下となる。このように、本発明の海藻育成用構造体では、海藻種苗が低粘度の水溶液中に分散されているため、着定基質の表面に速やかに沈降して、付着することができる（例えば２週間程度）。したがって、高分子ゲル膜が着定基質から剥離する前に、海藻種苗が着定基質の表面に付着できる可能性が高い。 The seaweed growing structure of the present invention is used in a state where it is submerged in seawater outdoors or indoors. When the seaweed growing structure of the present invention is installed in seawater, the seedling-containing liquid is diluted with seawater that has passed through the polymer gel membrane. For this reason, the viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid (aqueous solution) is 200 cPs or less. As described above, in the seaweed growing structure of the present invention, since the seaweed seedlings are dispersed in the low-viscosity aqueous solution, they can quickly settle and adhere to the surface of the setting substrate (for example, for two weeks). degree). Therefore, there is a high possibility that the seaweed seedlings can adhere to the surface of the setting substrate before the polymer gel film peels from the setting substrate.
また、本発明の海藻育成用構造体では、高分子ゲル中ではなく、低粘度の水溶液中に海藻種苗が分散されているため、高分子ゲル膜が着定基質から剥離しても、海藻種苗がゲルに引きずられて着定基質から脱落してしまうことはない。 In the seaweed growing structure of the present invention, the seaweed seedlings are dispersed not in the polymer gel but in a low-viscosity aqueous solution. Will not be dragged off the gel by the gel.
以上のように、本発明の海藻育成用構造体によれば、短時間で確実に海藻種苗を着定基質に定着させることができる。 As described above, according to the seaweed growing structure of the present invention, the seaweed seedling can be reliably fixed on the setting substrate in a short time.
本発明の海藻育成用構造体の製造方法は、特に限定されない。たとえば、以下の手順により、本発明の海藻育成用構造体を製造することができる。 The method for producing the seaweed growing structure of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the seaweed growing structure of the present invention can be manufactured by the following procedure.
２．藻育成用構造体の製造方法
本発明の藻育成用構造体の製造方法は、１）着定基質の表面上に粘性を有する種苗含有液を塗布する第１工程と、２）第１工程で塗布した種苗含有液の表面上にゲル化しうる高分子水溶液を塗布する第２工程と、３）第２工程で塗布した高分子水溶液をゲル化させて、種苗含有液を覆う高分子ゲル膜を形成する第３工程と、を有する
2. 2. Manufacturing method of algae growing structure The manufacturing method of the algae growing structure of the present invention includes: 1) a first step of applying a seedling-containing liquid having viscosity on the surface of a setting substrate; and 2) a first step. A second step of applying a gelling polymer aqueous solution on the surface of the applied seedling-containing liquid; and 3) a polymer gel film covering the seedling-containing liquid by gelling the polymer aqueous solution applied in the second step. A third step of forming
１）第１工程
第１工程では、着定基質の表面上に、粘性を有する第１高分子水溶液中に遊走子、配偶体および幼胞子体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の海藻種苗を分散させた種苗含有液を塗布する。
1) First Step In the first step, one or more seaweeds selected from the group consisting of zoospores, gametes and spore bodies in a viscous first polymer aqueous solution on the surface of the setting substrate. A seedling-containing liquid in which seedlings are dispersed is applied.
この後の第２工程で、種苗含有液の上に第２高分子水溶液を塗布するため、第１高分子水溶液は、ある程度の粘度を有することが必要である。したがって、第１高分子水溶液には、粘度を高めるための高分子が添加される。一方で、第１高分子水溶液の粘度が高すぎる場合、塗工しにくくなる。これらの観点から、第１高分子水溶液の粘度は５０〜３００００ｃＰｓの範囲内が好ましい。 In the subsequent second step, since the second polymer aqueous solution is applied onto the seedling-containing liquid, the first polymer aqueous solution needs to have a certain degree of viscosity. Therefore, a polymer for increasing the viscosity is added to the first aqueous polymer solution. On the other hand, when the viscosity of the first polymer aqueous solution is too high, coating becomes difficult. From these viewpoints, the viscosity of the first polymer aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 50 to 30000 cPs.
種苗含有液に含まれる海藻種苗の種類は、特に限定されない。前述のとおり、海藻種苗として配偶体または幼胞子体を使用する場合は、配偶体または幼胞子体は、細分化されていてもよい。 The kind of the seaweed seedling contained in the seedling-containing liquid is not particularly limited. As described above, when a gametophyte or a spore body is used as a seaweed seedling, the gametophyte or a spore body may be subdivided.
種苗含有液の塗膜の厚さは、特に限定されないが、０.１〜３ｍｍの範囲内が好ましい。塗膜の厚さが０.１ｍｍ未満の場合、精子と卵が受精可能なスペースを十分に確保できないおそれがある。一方、塗膜の厚さが３ｍｍを超える場合、海水中において高分子ゲル膜が崩壊しやすくなり、海藻種苗が着定基質に定着する前に高分子ゲル膜が崩壊してしまうおそれがある。 The thickness of the coating film of the seedling-containing liquid is not particularly limited, but is preferably within a range of 0.1 to 3 mm. When the thickness of the coating film is less than 0.1 mm, there is a possibility that a sufficient space for fertilization of sperm and eggs cannot be secured. On the other hand, when the thickness of the coating film exceeds 3 mm, the polymer gel film tends to collapse in seawater, and the polymer gel film may collapse before the seaweed seedlings settle on the setting substrate.
種苗含有液の塗布方法は、特に限定されない。たとえば、刷毛やスプレーなどを用いて種苗含有液を塗布してもよい。また、種苗含有液を着定基質の表面に滴下した後、バーコーターやヘラなどで種苗含有液を伸ばしてもよい。 The method for applying the seedling-containing liquid is not particularly limited. For example, the seedling-containing liquid may be applied using a brush or a spray. Alternatively, after the seedling-containing liquid is dropped on the surface of the setting substrate, the seedling-containing liquid may be extended with a bar coater or a spatula.
２）第２工程
第２工程では、第１工程で塗布した種苗含有液の全体を覆うように、着定基質の表面上および種苗含有液の表面上に第２高分子水溶液を塗布する。
2) Second Step In the second step, the second aqueous polymer solution is applied on the surface of the setting substrate and the surface of the seedling-containing liquid so as to cover the entire seedling-containing liquid applied in the first step.
第２高分子水溶液は、この後の第３工程でゲル化され、高分子ゲル膜となる液体である。前述のとおり、第２高分子水溶液に含まれる高分子の種類は、所望の耐久性を有する高分子ゲル膜を形成可能なものであれば特に限定されない。このような高分子の例には、アルギン酸誘導体やジェランガムなどの、多価金属イオンの存在下において架橋される高分子が含まれる。また、第２高分子水溶液には、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどの、高分子ゲル膜の耐久性を向上させるための高分子をさらに添加してもよい。 The second polymer aqueous solution is a liquid that is gelled in the subsequent third step to become a polymer gel film. As described above, the type of polymer contained in the second polymer aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as it can form a polymer gel film having desired durability. Examples of such polymers include polymers that are crosslinked in the presence of polyvalent metal ions, such as alginic acid derivatives and gellan gum. Further, a polymer for improving the durability of the polymer gel film, such as hydroxypropylcellulose, may be further added to the second aqueous polymer solution.
第２高分子水溶液は、少なくとも、第１工程で塗布した種苗含有液の表面全体、および種苗含有液の外縁から５ｍｍ以内の着定基質の表面全体に塗布されることが好ましい。また、第２高分子水溶液の塗膜の厚さは、前述のとおり、０.１〜５ｍｍの範囲内が好ましく、０.５〜３ｍｍの範囲内がより好ましい。 The second aqueous polymer solution is preferably applied to at least the entire surface of the seedling-containing liquid applied in the first step and the entire surface of the setting substrate within 5 mm from the outer edge of the seedling-containing liquid. Moreover, as above-mentioned, the thickness of the coating film of 2nd polymer aqueous solution has the preferable inside of the range of 0.1-5 mm, and the inside of the range which is 0.5-3 mm is more preferable.
第２高分子水溶液の塗布方法は、特に限定されない。たとえば、第２高分子水溶液を着定基質または種苗含有液の表面に滴下した後、バーコーターやヘラなどで種苗含有液を伸ばしてもよい。また、スプレーなどを用いて第２高分子水溶液を塗布してもよい。 The method for applying the second polymer aqueous solution is not particularly limited. For example, after dripping the second polymer aqueous solution on the surface of the setting substrate or seedling-containing liquid, the seedling-containing liquid may be extended with a bar coater or a spatula. Alternatively, the second polymer aqueous solution may be applied using a spray or the like.
３）第３工程
第３工程では、第２工程で塗布した第２高分子水溶液をゲル化させて、種苗含有液を覆う高分子ゲル膜を形成する。
3) Third Step In the third step, the second polymer aqueous solution applied in the second step is gelled to form a polymer gel film that covers the seedling-containing liquid.
第２高分子水溶液をゲル化させる方法は、特に限定されない。たとえば、第２高分子水溶液が多価金属イオンの存在下において架橋される高分子を含む場合は、第２高分子水溶液を塗布した後、Ｃａ２＋やＭｇ２＋などの多価イオンを含む水溶液（例えば塩化カルシウム水溶液）を噴霧器などを用いて表面に噴霧すればよい。また、第２高分子水溶液を塗布した着定基質を海水中にそのまま投入し、海水に含まれる多価イオンによりゲル化させてもよい。 A method for gelling the second polymer aqueous solution is not particularly limited. For example, when the second polymer aqueous solution contains a polymer that is crosslinked in the presence of polyvalent metal ions, the second polymer aqueous solution is applied, and then an aqueous solution containing polyvalent ions such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ( For example, a calcium chloride aqueous solution) may be sprayed on the surface using a sprayer or the like. Alternatively, the setting substrate coated with the second aqueous polymer solution may be put into seawater as it is and gelled by polyvalent ions contained in the seawater.
以上の手順により、本発明の藻育成用構造体を製造することができる。 The structure for algae cultivation of the present invention can be manufactured by the above procedure.
以下、本発明について実施例を参照して詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to an Example, this invention is not limited by these Examples.
１．種苗の調製
海藻種苗として、北海道せたな町大成区産のホソメコンブの配偶体（直径１ｍｍ程度）を準備した。図２Ａは、ホソメコンブの配偶体の写真である。ハンドミキサーを用いて配偶体２個体（雄性配偶体および雌性配偶体それぞれ１個体ずつ）を２０秒間細断した。孔径３μｍのメンブレンフィルターを装着した吸引ろ過器を用いて配偶体の細断物を脱水した。脱水後、配偶体の細断物を薬さじを用いて回収した。
1. Preparation of seedlings As a seaweed seedling, a gamelet (diameter of about 1 mm in diameter) of a rice bran from Taisei-ku, Hokkaido, was prepared. FIG. 2A is a photograph of a gamelet of a homeome comb. Using a hand mixer, two gametophytes (one male gametomate and one female gametomate) were shredded for 20 seconds. The shredded material of the gamete was dehydrated using a suction filter equipped with a membrane filter having a pore size of 3 μm. After dehydration, gametophyte shredded material was collected using a spoon.
２．海藻育成用構造体の作製
ポリエチレングリコール（ＰＥＧ；平均分子量５０００００）を人工海水に溶解させて、５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液（第１高分子水溶液）を調製した。ＢＬ型粘度計（東京計器株式会社）を用いて５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度を測定したところ、約１７００ｃＰｓであった。５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液１００質量部に対し、配偶体の細断物０.２質量部を加え、十分に攪拌して、種苗含有液を調製した。
2. Preparation of Seaweed Breeding Structure Polyethylene glycol (PEG; average molecular weight 500000) was dissolved in artificial seawater to prepare a 5% by mass PEG aqueous solution (first polymer aqueous solution). It was about 1700 cPs when the viscosity of 5 mass% PEG aqueous solution was measured using BL type viscometer (Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd.). To 100 parts by mass of a 5% by mass PEG aqueous solution, 0.2 part by mass of a gameloid shredded product was added and stirred sufficiently to prepare a seedling-containing solution.
着定基質として、縦１３０ｍｍ×横１３０ｍｍ×高さ２５ｍｍのコンクリートブロックを準備した。コンクリートブロックの上面中央部の２０ｍｍ角の領域に、薬さじを用いて厚みが１ｍｍとなるように種苗含有液を塗布した。 A concrete block having a length of 130 mm, a width of 130 mm, and a height of 25 mm was prepared as a setting substrate. The seedling and seedling-containing liquid was applied to a 20 mm square region at the center of the upper surface of the concrete block using a spoon to have a thickness of 1 mm.
アルギン酸ナトリウムを人工海水に溶解させて、２質量％アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液（第２高分子水溶液）を調製した。縦１ｍｍ×横１００ｍｍの開口部（リップ）を有する治具を用いて、コンクリートブロックの上面に２質量％アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液を帯状に塗布した。このとき、２質量％アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液がコンクリートブロック上の種苗含有液を覆うことができるように、治具の位置を調整した。 Sodium alginate was dissolved in artificial seawater to prepare a 2 mass% sodium alginate aqueous solution (second polymer aqueous solution). A 2% by mass aqueous sodium alginate solution was applied in a strip shape on the upper surface of the concrete block using a jig having an opening (lip) of 1 mm in length and 100 mm in width. At this time, the position of the jig was adjusted so that the 2 mass% sodium alginate aqueous solution could cover the seedling-containing liquid on the concrete block.
塗布された２質量％アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液の上に、霧吹きを用いて５質量％塩化カルシウム水溶液を満遍なく噴霧した。この後５分間静置し、２質量％アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液をゲル化させて、種苗含有液を覆う高分子ゲル膜を形成した。 On the applied 2% by mass sodium alginate aqueous solution, a 5% by mass calcium chloride aqueous solution was sprayed evenly using a spray bottle. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes, and a 2% by mass sodium alginate aqueous solution was gelled to form a polymer gel film covering the seedling-containing liquid.
図２Ｂは、作製した海藻育成用構造体の写真である。コンクリートブロックの上面に帯状の高分子ゲル膜が形成されているのが見える。 FIG. 2B is a photograph of the produced seaweed growing structure. It can be seen that a strip-shaped polymer gel film is formed on the upper surface of the concrete block.
３．海藻の育成
作製した海藻育成用構造体を、ＰＥＳＩ栄養塩強化海水（ＰＥＳＩを２質量％添加した滅菌濾過海水）を入れた水槽内に沈め、固定した。水槽を恒温槽（１０℃、日長：明期１２時間／暗期１２時間）内に設置し、３ヶ月間観察した。
3. Raising seaweed The prepared seaweed growing structure was submerged and fixed in a water tank containing PESI nutrient-enriched seawater (sterilized filtered seawater to which 2% by mass of PESI was added). The water tank was installed in a thermostatic bath (10 ° C., day length: 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period) and observed for 3 months.
図２Ｃは、４５日目の様子を示す写真である。コンクリートブロックの上面に多数の幼胞子体が定着しているのがわかる。ゲルは、２０〜４５日目の間に崩壊した。図２Ｄは、６０日目の様子を示す写真であり、図２Ｅは、８５日目の様子を示す写真である。各胞子体が順調に生長しているのがわかる。 FIG. 2C is a photograph showing a state on the 45th day. It can be seen that many sporophytes are fixed on the upper surface of the concrete block. The gel disintegrated between 20-45 days. FIG. 2D is a photograph showing the state of the 60th day, and FIG. 2E is a photograph showing the state of the 85th day. You can see that each sporophyte is growing smoothly.
以上の結果から、本発明の海藻育成用構造体を用いることで、コンブ目植物の配偶体を着定基質に定着させて、胞子体まで育成させうることがわかる。 From the above results, it can be seen that by using the seaweed-growing structure of the present invention, the gametophyte of the order of the Composita plant can be fixed on the settlement substrate and grown to the spore body.
（参考実験１）
参考実験１では、高分子水溶液の粘度と海藻種苗の沈降期間との関係を調べた。高分子水溶液としては、ＰＥＧ水溶液を使用した。また、海藻種苗としては、前述のホソメコンブの配偶体の細断物を使用した。
(Reference Experiment 1)
In Reference Experiment 1, the relationship between the viscosity of the polymer aqueous solution and the sedimentation period of the seaweed seedling was examined. A PEG aqueous solution was used as the polymer aqueous solution. Further, as the seaweed seedling, the above-mentioned shredded cutlet of the hosumomecombu was used.
ポリエチレングリコール（ＰＥＧ；平均分子量５０００００）を人工海水（ＰＥＳＩ添加）に溶解させて、２質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液および５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液を調製した。ＢＬ型粘度計を用いて各ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度を測定したところ、２質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約６０ｃＰｓであり、５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約１７００ｃＰｓであった。各ＰＥＧ水溶液に、配偶体の細断物を加え、十分に攪拌して、種苗含有液を調製した。 Polyethylene glycol (PEG; average molecular weight: 500,000) was dissolved in artificial seawater (added with PESI) to prepare 2 mass% PEG aqueous solution and 5 mass% PEG aqueous solution. When the viscosity of each PEG aqueous solution was measured using a BL type viscometer, the viscosity of the 2 mass% PEG aqueous solution was about 60 cPs, and the viscosity of the 5 mass% PEG aqueous solution was about 1700 cPs. To each PEG aqueous solution, a gameloid shredded product was added and stirred sufficiently to prepare a seedling-containing solution.
直径４０ｍｍのポリスチレン製シャーレの中に、深さ１ｍｍまたは３ｍｍとなるように種苗含有液を提供した。１つのシャーレに提供される配偶体の数は、粉砕前の配偶体に換算して約１／４個体である。各シャーレを１０℃に設定された恒温槽内に静置し、２４時間ごとに光学顕微鏡を用いて配偶体の様子を観察した。１視野においてシャーレの底に沈んでいる配偶体の割合を「沈降率」として測定した。また、１視野においてシャーレを傾けても移動しない配偶体の割合を「定着率」として測定した。 A seedling-containing liquid was provided in a petri dish made of polystyrene having a diameter of 40 mm so as to have a depth of 1 mm or 3 mm. The number of gametophytes provided to one petri dish is about ¼ individuals in terms of gametes before crushing. Each petri dish was allowed to stand in a thermostat set at 10 ° C., and the appearance of the gametophyte was observed using an optical microscope every 24 hours. The ratio of gametophyte sinking to the bottom of the petri dish in one field of view was measured as “sedimentation rate”. In addition, the ratio of gametophytes that did not move even when the petri dish was tilted in one field of view was measured as “fixing rate”.
表１は、ＰＥＧの濃度と配偶体の沈降率および定着率との関係を示す表である。また、図３は、培養期間と沈降率および定着率との関係を示すグラフである。図３Ａは、２質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液（深さ１ｍｍ）を使用したときの結果を示すグラフであり、図３Ｂは、５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液（深さ１ｍｍ）を使用したときの結果を示すグラフである。 Table 1 is a table showing the relationship between the concentration of PEG and the settling rate and fixing rate of gametophytes. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the culture period, the sedimentation rate, and the fixation rate. FIG. 3A is a graph showing the results when a 2 mass% PEG aqueous solution (depth 1 mm) is used, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing the results when a 5 mass% PEG aqueous solution (depth 1 mm) is used. is there.
表１および図３に示されるように、配偶体を分散させる高分子水溶液として２〜５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液（粘度：約６０〜１７００ｃＰｓ）を使用した場合、配偶体の沈降に要する時間は１〜３日、配偶体の５０％が定着するのに要する時間は５〜７日であった。 As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 3, when a 2 to 5 mass% PEG aqueous solution (viscosity: about 60 to 1700 cPs) is used as the aqueous polymer solution for dispersing the gamete, the time required for the precipitation of the gamete is 1 to 1. 3 days, the time required for 50% of the gametophyte to settle was 5-7 days.
（参考実験２）
参考実験２では、高分子水溶液の粘度と海藻種苗の生育との関係を調べた。高分子水溶液としては、ＰＥＧ水溶液を使用した。また、海藻種苗としては、前述のホソメコンブの配偶体の細断物を使用した。
(Reference Experiment 2)
In Reference Experiment 2, the relationship between the viscosity of the polymer aqueous solution and the growth of seaweed seedlings was examined. A PEG aqueous solution was used as the polymer aqueous solution. Further, as the seaweed seedling, the above-mentioned shredded cutlet of the hosumomecombu was used.
ポリエチレングリコール（ＰＥＧ；平均分子量５０００００）を人工海水（Ｆｅ含有ＰＥＳＩ添加）に溶解させて、１質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液、２質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液、３質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液、４質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液および５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液を調製した。ＢＬ型粘度計を用いて各ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度を測定したところ、１質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約１５ｃＰｓであり、２質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約６０ｃＰｓであり、３質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約２００ｃＰｓであり、４質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約７００ｃＰｓであり、５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度は約１７００ｃＰｓであった。各ＰＥＧ水溶液に、配偶体の細断物を加え、十分に攪拌して、種苗含有液を調製した。 Polyethylene glycol (PEG; average molecular weight: 500,000) is dissolved in artificial seawater (Fe-containing PESI added), 1% by weight PEG aqueous solution, 2% by weight PEG aqueous solution, 3% by weight PEG aqueous solution, 4% by weight PEG aqueous solution and 5% by weight. An aqueous PEG solution was prepared. When the viscosity of each PEG aqueous solution was measured using a BL type viscometer, the viscosity of the 1 mass% PEG aqueous solution was about 15 cPs, the viscosity of the 2 mass% PEG aqueous solution was about 60 cPs, and the viscosity of the 3 mass% PEG aqueous solution. Was about 200 cPs, the viscosity of the 4 mass% PEG aqueous solution was about 700 cPs, and the viscosity of the 5 mass% PEG aqueous solution was about 1700 cPs. To each PEG aqueous solution, a gameloid shredded product was added and stirred sufficiently to prepare a seedling-containing solution.
直径４０ｍｍのポリスチレン製シャーレの中に、深さ５ｍｍとなるように種苗含有液を提供した。１つのシャーレに提供される配偶体の数は、粉砕前の配偶体に換算して約１／４個体である。各シャーレを１０℃に設定された恒温槽内に静置し、１ヶ月間光学顕微鏡を用いて配偶体および胞子体の発生の様子を観察した。その結果、１％ＰＥＧ水溶液または２％ＰＥＧ水溶液中では、正常に胞子体が発生し、生長していた。一方、３％ＰＥＧ水溶液または４％ＰＥＧ水溶液中では、単為発生の胞子体のみが発生していた。また、５％ＰＥＧ水溶液中では、配偶体は生長したものの、胞子体は発生しなかった。 A seedling-containing liquid was provided in a petri dish made of polystyrene having a diameter of 40 mm so as to have a depth of 5 mm. The number of gametophytes provided to one petri dish is about ¼ individuals in terms of gametes before crushing. Each petri dish was allowed to stand in a thermostat set to 10 ° C., and the appearance of gametophytes and spores was observed using an optical microscope for one month. As a result, in 1% PEG aqueous solution or 2% PEG aqueous solution, spores were normally generated and grew. On the other hand, in the 3% PEG aqueous solution or 4% PEG aqueous solution, only parthenogenetic spores were generated. In 5% PEG aqueous solution, gametes grew, but no spores were generated.
以上のように、すべての濃度のＰＥＧ水溶液において雄性配偶体および雌性配偶体の生長は観察されたものの、３質量％以上の濃度のＰＥＧ水溶液（粘度：２００ｃＰｓ超）中では正常な胞子体の発生は観察されなかった。これは、ＰＥＧ水溶液の粘度が精子の移動の障害となり、受精卵が形成されなかったためと考えられる。したがって、本発明の海藻育成用構造体を海水中に設置した後の、種苗含有液（高分子水溶液）の粘度は、２００ｃＰｓ以下が好ましいと考えられる。 As described above, growth of male gametophyte and female gametophyte was observed in all concentrations of PEG aqueous solution, but normal spores were generated in PEG aqueous solution (viscosity: more than 200 cPs) at a concentration of 3% by mass or more. Was not observed. This is thought to be because the fertilized egg was not formed because the viscosity of the aqueous PEG solution hindered sperm movement. Therefore, the viscosity of the seedling-containing liquid (polymer aqueous solution) after the seaweed growing structure of the present invention is installed in seawater is considered to be preferably 200 cPs or less.
なお、上記実施例では、５質量％ＰＥＧ水溶液を用いて種苗含有液を調製したが、海藻育成用構造体を人工海水中に浸漬した後は、種苗含有液のＰＥＧ濃度は約２.５質量％（粘度：約１００ｃＰｓ）に希釈されたため、正常に胞子体が発生したと考えられる。すなわち、上記実施例と同一の手順で非吸水性のコンクリートブロック上に海藻育成用構造体を作製し、滅菌ろ過海水中に２４時間静置したところ、浸漬前後で海藻育成用構造体の質量が約２倍増加した。このことから、実施例で作製した海藻育成用構造体を海水中に静置すると、種苗含有液のＰＥＧ濃度は約２.５質量％に希釈されることがわかる。 In the above examples, the seedling-containing liquid was prepared using a 5% by mass PEG aqueous solution. After immersing the seaweed growing structure in artificial seawater, the seedling-containing liquid had a PEG concentration of about 2.5 mass. % (Viscosity: about 100 cPs), it is considered that spores were normally generated. That is, a seaweed growing structure was prepared on a non-water-absorbing concrete block in the same procedure as in the above example, and left in sterile filtered seawater for 24 hours. Increased about 2 times. This shows that the PEG concentration of the seedling-containing liquid is diluted to about 2.5% by mass when the seaweed growing structure produced in the example is left in seawater.
本発明の海藻育成用構造体は、コンブやワカメなど海藻が繁茂する藻場を容易かつ安価に形成することができるため、例えば海藻の養殖業などに有用である。 The seaweed-growing structure of the present invention is useful for, for example, the seaweed aquaculture industry because it can easily and inexpensively form seaweed beds where seaweeds such as kombu and seaweed grow.
１００ 海藻育成用構造体
１１０ 着定基質
１２０ 種苗含有液
１３０ 海藻種苗
１４０ 高分子ゲル膜
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Seaweed rearing structure 110 Settling substrate 120 Seedling and seedling containing liquid 130 Seaweed seedling 140
Claims (12)
前記着定基質の表面上に配置され、遊走子、配偶体および幼胞子体からなる群から選択される１または２以上の海藻種苗を含む種苗含有液と、
前記種苗含有液を前記着定基質の表面上に保持するように、前記種苗含有液を覆い、かつ前記種苗含有液と接触していない部分の一部が前記着定基質と密着している高分子ゲル膜と、
を有する、海藻育成用構造体。 A settlement substrate that can serve as a scaffold for seaweed,
A seedling-containing liquid comprising one or more seaweed seedlings selected from the group consisting of zoospores, gametophytes and sporophytes, disposed on the surface of the settlement substrate;
A portion of the seedling-containing liquid that covers the seedling-containing liquid and that is not in contact with the seedling-containing liquid so as to hold the seedling-containing liquid on the surface of the setting substrate is in close contact with the setting substrate. A molecular gel film,
A structure for growing seaweed.
前記種苗含有液を覆うように、前記着定基質の表面上および前記種苗含有液の表面上に第２高分子水溶液を塗布する工程と、
前記第２高分子水溶液をゲル化させて、前記種苗含有液を覆う高分子ゲル膜を形成する工程と、
を有する、海藻育成用構造体の製造方法。 One or two or more seaweed seedlings selected from the group consisting of zoospores, gametes and spore bodies were dispersed in a viscous first polymer aqueous solution on the surface of a settlement substrate that can serve as a seaweed scaffold. Applying a seedling-containing liquid;
Applying a second polymer aqueous solution on the surface of the setting substrate and on the surface of the seedling-containing liquid so as to cover the seedling-containing liquid;
A step of gelling the second polymer aqueous solution to form a polymer gel film covering the seedling-containing liquid;
A method for producing a structure for growing seaweed, comprising:
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0286717A (en) * | 1988-09-21 | 1990-03-27 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Method for proliferating algae |
| JPH05284866A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1993-11-02 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Method for including and immobilizing precursor of algae |
| JP2009225667A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-10-08 | Wakayama Prefecture | Method for producing seaweed-growing body, seaweed-growing body, and method for growing seaweed |
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