JP2013522513A - Valve assemblies, valve housings, valves, guide bushings and engines - Google Patents

Abstract

  One valve (6) having a cooling mechanism and having one valve disk (6) and one valve stem (7) carrying the valve disk (6), arranged with respect to one gas passage (8) 4) using a gaseous refrigerant, or a refrigerant composed of a plurality of components that can be at least partially transitioned to a gaseous state, which passes through at least one discharge chamber (17) as a gas. The waste treatment lines (19) branched off from the discharge chamber (17) for the purpose of being disposed of in one gas passage (8) and for that purpose are all in one gas passage (8). Due to the opening in the interior, a simple structure as well as excellent operational reliability and good energy balance are achieved.

Description

  The present invention relates to a valve assembly, which has a valve disc and a valve stem carrying the valve disc, and is provided with a cooling mechanism, and in particular, a gas passage of a two-cycle large diesel engine. The cooling mechanism has at least one flow path that can be circulated into the valve and into which the refrigerant can be fed. The channel is in communication with at least one supply chamber capable of supplying refrigerant, defined by the valve stem, and at least one discharge chamber defined by the valve stem, and further from which at least one waste is disposed. The present invention relates to a valve assembly in which a processing line is branched. The subject of the present invention also relates to a valve housing, a valve, a guide bush for the valve assembly of the type described above, and an engine equipped with the valve assembly of the type described above.

  An assembly of the kind described above is known, for example, from Danish Patent Publication No. 173,452. In this case, cooling water is fed into the cooling mechanism, and this cooling water is branched from the engine-side cooling water circuit and then supplied to the cooling water circuit again. In this case, in order to avoid leakage of cooling water, it is required to seal the supply chamber and the discharge chamber with high reliability with respect to the valve stem. However, this requires considerable man-hours and is expensive. In addition, it can be assumed that at least the lower seal facing the gas passage will be exposed to a high heat load exhaust valve assembly, which adversely affects the service life. In addition, there is a situation in which the lubricating film generated on the surface of the valve stem may be damaged due to cooling water and a strict seal, which may similarly shorten the service life of the entire assembly.

  Yet another disadvantage of this known assembly is that in addition to the loss of exhaust heat carried away by the cooling water, it must be disposed of inside the cooling mechanism, The known overall efficiency of the engine with the assembly may be adversely affected. In an assembly similar to this from German Patent No. 10249994, attempts have already been made to prevent too much heat being carried away by periodically interrupting the cooling water flow. . However, as a result, the design structure is further complicated and the other disadvantages of the above-mentioned types are not thereby avoided.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-10840 discloses an air-cooled exhaust valve combined with a four-cycle engine. However, this air is not returned to the discharge chamber where it is disposed of. On the contrary, the valve disc is provided with a plurality of bores that open downwards, or with a plurality of bores that open outwards in the area of the valve seat part, and the air that is consumed displaces these bores. It is supposed to be discharged through the street. As a result of providing such a bore on the disk side, the valve will inevitably suffer a considerable weakening, but this must be compensated by some other reinforcement, which further increases the design structure. It is complicated. In addition to this, in the case of this known assembly, the air discharged in the region of the valve seat part may enter the inside of the working chamber when the valve is open, or it may hinder the exhaust of exhaust gas. There is a fear of coming.

Specification of Danish Patent Publication No. 173452

German registered patent No. 10249994

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-10840

  In view of the above background, an object of the present invention is not only to achieve a highly reliable cooling effect with a simple structure, but also to avoid energy loss as much as possible at the same time. Is to improve.

  This object is achieved in accordance with the present invention by sending gaseous refrigerant into the flow path of the cooling mechanism that is routed inside the valve, and exchanging the gaseous refrigerant through at least one discharge chamber and a waste treatment line. This is solved by being able to be introduced into the area of the passage adjacent to the discharge chamber. Accordingly, each disposed disposal line is opened inside the gas passage in the upper region located far from the valve seat. A valve housing having one gas passage and one insertion opening for passing a valve provided in a region defining the upper side of the passage includes the insertion opening and the gas exchange passage. It is characterized in that at least one flow path is provided between the two. The valve according to the invention is characterized in that it is suitable for feeding a gaseous medium or a medium which is at least partly gaseous, in particular cooling air.

  Here, the gaseous refrigerant is preferably that the whole refrigerant is in a gaseous state from the beginning, or that the refrigerant further contains a plurality of components capable of transitioning to a gaseous state. It can be interpreted that it should consist of such components. Accordingly, the refrigerant consists of a plurality of components that are initially at least partially gaseous and / or at least partially transitionable to a gaseous state. In this regard, a type in which the entire refrigerant is in a gaseous form will normally be used. In any case, the refrigerant is gaseous when it enters the gas passage.

  The use of a gaseous refrigerant in the above sense advantageously makes it possible to dispose of the refrigerant through a gas passage which may be any kind of gas exchange passage. Therefore, the use of a dedicated disposal device can be forgotten, but as a result, the structure is simplified. At the same time, the heat received by the refrigerant is not lost, but rather it is supplied to the mass flow that flows through the gas passage, and this mass flow is used to drive various units such as the exhaust turbine. It brings another advantage of being able to. In addition, the introduction of the cooling gas into the upper region of the gas passage ensures that the gas exchange process cannot be interrupted by the introduced cooling gas. Yet another very important advantage is that since the gaseous refrigerant is harmless even if a small amount leaks, the gap between the valve stem and the guide bush combined therewith is separated from the gas passage. It can be found that it can be abandoned to tightly seal, but this not only simplifies the structure, but also cares about the lubricating film, which has an advantageous effect on the total service life Will be given. Each chamber, defined by the valve stem, into which the cooling gas is fed, can be located in the area adjacent to the gas passage of the guide bushing combined with this valve stem, above the guide bushing. This advantage is further enhanced by ensuring that the located guide area is protected. In addition, the above-mentioned channels are automatically cleaned by the cooling gas leaking into the gas passage through the waste treatment line and possibly through the leakage gap, and each channel is opened. It can be assumed that it is held in a state. This self-cleaning effect ensures excellent operational reliability.

  Advantageous configurations of the various measures positioned at the top and examples of reasonable deployments are presented in the respective dependent claims.

  The present invention is advantageous when used in connection with one exhaust valve arranged with respect to one exhaust passage. In that case, the various advantages described above exhibit their respective effects very well.

  As still another advantageous measure, the opening of the waste treatment line may be opened in the gas passage on the downstream side of the valve in the direction of the gas flow and in the same direction as the gas flow. By arranging the opening of the waste treatment line on the leeward side in this way, combustion products are prevented from easily reaching the inside of the waste treatment line from the gas passage. In this case, a certain amount of suction effect can be achieved, but the flow of the cooling gas is supported by the cooling mechanism on the way.

  It is expedient to arrange the supply chamber and the discharge chamber offset around each other around the valve stem. In this case, it is advantageous if these chambers are arranged at the same level, but this guarantees a compact structure.

  It is expedient for the total height of the supply and discharge chambers to be at least equal to the valve stroke plus the effective opening width in the axial direction of the inlet or outlet of the valve-side channel. Thereby, it is ensured that the refrigerant can flow permanently without interruption through the above-mentioned flow path.

  Yet another advantageous measure is that a single rotating device can be used to rotate the valve about its axis, and at least one inlet and one outlet each communicate with one supply or discharge chamber. Thus, it is preferable that the respective inlets and outlets of the valve-side flow paths are arranged. By rotating the valve, the inlet side and the outlet side are advantageously interchanged, and thus the warm side and the cold side are interchanged, resulting in temperature homogenization inside the valve.

  It is expedient for at least one supply chamber and at least one discharge chamber to be arranged on opposite sides of the valve axis, preferably at opposite points on the diameter, In this case, it is advantageous if the discharge chamber is arranged on the side facing the outlet of the gas passage. Thereby, the various advantages described above are easily achieved.

  Yet another reasonable measure is that the supply chamber and the discharge chamber, which are offset relative to each other around the valve stem, have a width at least equal to the effective opening width of the inlet and outlet of the valve-side channel. It should be in a point that is separated from each other by a plurality of webs. By doing so, a short circuit flow can be avoided.

  The valve disc may have at least one annular passage that circulates it, each annular passage being arranged via a branch line with respect to that annular passage of the valve-side passage. And it is advantageous if it is in communication with at least one return branch arranged with respect to the annular passage. This results in reliable heat dissipation from the valve area where very intense heat loads are applied.

  According to a very preferred development configuration of the invention, air is used as the cooling gas, but this air can be branched off from one supply device arranged for the engine. It is a good idea. This supply device will usually include a compressor and a radiator after it, with the air downstream from the compressor, preferably between the compressor and the radiator. It is a good idea to make it branch. Compressed air is advantageously more dense and has a higher flow rate, which favors the cooling effect. As long as the air is diverged before being cooled by the radiator, a relatively high water content can also be expected, thereby further assisting the cooling action. Even if the air is not cooled, it usually provides a sufficient temperature difference with respect to the exhaust temperature to which the valve is normally exposed.

  At least one element of the valve assembly according to the invention, preferably all elements, preferably consist of a metallic material mixture, which also contains a plurality of single substances, In that case, it is advantageous if at least one recorded spectral profile of each pure component of these single substances identifies the material mixture of one or more of the elements of the valve assembly. As a result, each element can be assigned later to a certain standard. To support this advantage, in addition to or instead of it, it is assembled on at least one element of the valve assembly according to the invention, preferably on the surface of all elements. Sometimes it is preferred that a single marking be applied, which can be read from the outside, from which the dimensional tolerance, assembly date, and / or schedule of the element or elements concerned The classification based on parameters such as the service life is being clarified, and in this case, this marking can be read out in a contactless manner, and preferably read out electronically. It may be arranged on the surface of one possible memory module, for example, one RFID chip. These measures make it possible to carry out the inspection very easily, and accordingly, not only the inspection and / or maintenance work, but also the authorization procedure that is indispensable in most cases is simplified.

  Further advantageous configurations of the various measures placed at the top and examples of reasonable developments are presented in the remaining dependent claims and are also detailed from the description of the embodiments on the basis of the following drawings Can be detected.

It is sectional drawing which shows the upper area | region of the cylinder of one engine in which the exhaust valve housing is mounted with the exhaust valve arrange | positioned with respect to this cylinder. It is sectional drawing of the lower side area | region of an exhaust valve. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the flow path with which the supply chamber, the discharge | release chamber, and the valve | bulb side connected with these are provided. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the flow path with which the supply chamber, the discharge | release chamber, and the valve | bulb side connected with these are provided. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the flow path with which the supply chamber, the discharge | release chamber, and the valve | bulb side connected with these are provided. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the flow path with which the supply chamber, the discharge | release chamber, and the valve | bulb side connected with these are provided.

  The main application area of the present invention is an exhaust valve assembly of a two-cycle large diesel engine as used for a large two-cycle engine, particularly a ship drive device. Such engines typically have a plurality of inlet slits for new combustion gases located in the lower region of each cylinder, and each cylinder cover has a centrally located exhaust gas outlet. One valve is provided for each exhaust gas outlet. In this case, since each exhaust valve arranged in the upper region of each cylinder is exposed to a very intense heat load, it is advantageous to perform constant cooling.

  The cylinder 1 suggested in FIG. 1 has a single working chamber 2 which is controlled by a piston, which is likewise not shown, in its lower region, not shown. The scavenging gas can be fed through the inlet slit of the gas chamber, and one exhaust gas outlet 3 is included in the upper boundary portion of the working chamber 2. For this exhaust gas outlet 3, a single exhaust valve, which will be referred to as a valve 4 below, is arranged as a vertical valve, and this is a single valve seat 5 surrounding the exhaust gas outlet. One valve disk 6 and one valve stem 7 projecting upward therefrom. The exhaust gas outlet 3 is followed by a curved, one gas passage functioning as an exhaust passage, here referred to as a gas exchange passage 8, through which a valve stem 7 is inserted. One valve housing 10 combined with the valve 4 is placed on the cylinder cover 9 that forms the upper boundary portion of the working chamber 2, and the curved gas exchange passage 8 is provided in the valve housing 10. The valve 4 is guided along the valve housing 10 at its stem 7. For this purpose, the valve housing 10 is provided with one insertion opening 11 provided in the region of the upper boundary part of the gas exchange passage 8 and arranged substantially coaxially with the exhaust gas outlet 3, One guide bush 12 into which the valve stem 7 is inserted is fitted inside, and the lower end portion of the guide bush 12 reaches the gas exchange passage 8. In order to actuate the valve 4 which is configured as a vertically moving valve, it is preferable to provide one actuating device which is mounted on the valve housing 10 and is not shown in detail here. Hereinafter, the valve housing 10 is referred to as a gas exchange valve assembly together with the valve 4. Needless to say, the structure of the gas exchange assembly shown in the drawing is merely described as a specific example. Of course, since each individual part may have a different form and / or location, or may be more or less integrated with each other, The boundary may take a different curve and / or a different position from that shown, or may be omitted completely.

  In order to prevent overheating of the valve disc 6, the valve 4 is provided with a cooling mechanism. For this purpose, there is provided a single flow path 13 capable of feeding refrigerant, which forms a kind of cooling loop, suggested by the flow arrows in FIG. This channel 13 communicates on the one hand with at least one supply chamber 15 configured as a recess in the guide bush 12 via at least one radially extending inlet 14 provided on the valve side, on the other hand. It communicates with at least one discharge chamber 17 which is also configured as a recess in the guide bush 12 via at least one radially extending outlet 16 provided on the valve side. The supply chamber 15 and the discharge chamber 17 are defined on the radially inner side by the valve stem 7 and on the radially outer side by the wall surface of the insertion opening 11 that receives the guide bush 12 in the illustrated example. However, the chambers 15 and 17 have different shapes so that each of the chambers described above is open only inward in the radial direction and the opposite side is limited by the material of the guide bushing 12. You can also In this case, each of the chambers described above is formed by a plurality of axially extending bores that are built into the guide bushing 12 or one dedicated bushing, for example adjacent to each other and cut from each other. It is good to do so. These are configured as blind holes, and it is expedient to ensure that the opening side is sealed, but in that case two bushes, i.e. one short guide bush that is limited to the guide area, In the case of an embodiment with one bushing, which is adapted to collide with this and each blind hole is provided, the sealing of each blind hole will be performed automatically.

  The area adjacent to the gas exchange passage 8 on the lower side of the guide bush 12 includes the supply chamber and the discharge chambers 15, 17. Therefore, a cooling mechanism is arranged in this area. A guide of the valve stem 7 and a gap seal of the guide are provided in a region on the opposite side of the guide bushing 12 from the gas exchange passage 8. In the example shown in the drawing, usually no sealing device is provided in the lower region mentioned above. However, in order to prevent the entry of contaminant particles into the gap between the valve stem 7 and the guide bushing 12, it is of course possible to guide the strip means surrounding the valve stem 7 not shown in detail here. It may be good to provide in the lower end region of the bush 12.

  Refrigerant can be fed into the supply chamber 15 from at least one supply line 18 configured as a bore system provided inside the valve housing 10. For this purpose, the supply line 10 is connected to one suitable refrigerant source not shown in detail here. At least one waste treatment line 19 is branched from the discharge chamber 17. The supply chambers and discharge chambers 15, 17 are offset relative to each other around the valve stem 7 and are arranged at opposite positions on the diameter. The same can be said for each port of the valve-side flow path 13 that functions as the inlet and outlet 14 or 17. Here, advantageously, the discharge chamber 17 is arranged on the side of the valve 4 facing the upper end 8 a of the gas exchange passage 8.

  According to the present invention, a gaseous refrigerant is fed into the cooling mechanism arranged with respect to the valve 4. The gaseous state here means that the refrigerant has a state of being condensed in a gaseous state, or is composed of a plurality of components which can be completely or at least partially transitioned to a gaseous state, for example, vaporizable. In addition, it is possible to interpret that the refrigerant can be disposed of as a gas, and therefore the refrigerant can be introduced into the gas exchange passage 8 through the disposal line 19. Accordingly, the waste treatment line 19 is configured as a branch bore that simply exits from the lower end of the discharge chamber 17 and opens into the gas exchange passage 8. By extending through the wall surface defining the insertion opening 11, a flow path between the insertion opening 11 defining the discharge chamber 17 and the gas exchange passage 8 is formed. Accordingly, the opening on the exhaust passage side of the waste treatment line 19 is necessarily located in a region facing the passage end 8a, which belongs to the point where the curvature of the curved gas exchange passage 8 is maximum. It will be.

  It is a good idea to use air as the refrigerant. This air may be branched off from one air supply device, in particular the scavenging air supply device, which is arranged with respect to the engine. This scavenging air supply device usually includes a single compressor that can be driven by exhaust gas, together with a radiator that is placed behind the compressor. It is advisable to allow the air used as the refrigerant to be branched downstream of the compressor, but as a result, the air used has a high pressure and accordingly has a high density. As a result of the high pressure, the flow rate is also high. This air is advantageously taken from the region between the compressor and the radiator after it, ie from the front side of the radiator. In that case, the air before cooling contains a lot of moisture, thereby improving the cooling effect. At the same time, since the temperature of the air is lower than the exhaust temperature even before cooling, it can be assumed that a temperature difference necessary for sufficient cooling of the valve 4 is provided.

  The opening on the passage side of the waste treatment line 19 is arranged downstream of the valve 4, that is, the opening is arranged downstream of the valve 4 with respect to the exhaust flow inside the gas exchange passage 8, and the exhaust flow It is advantageous if they are oriented in the same direction, ie towards the upper end 8a of the gas exchange passage 8.

  The flow path 13 routed inside the valve 4 has one feed region denoted by reference numeral 13a in FIG. 2 and one return region denoted by reference numeral 13b. In addition to this, one annular line 20 that goes around the inside of the valve disk 6 is provided, and this is connected to the feed region 13 a or the return region 13 b through a plurality of branch lines 21. The feed region 13 a is electrically connected to the supply chamber 15 via the inlet 14, and the return region 13 b is electrically connected to the discharge chamber 17 via the outlet 16. By rotating the valve 4, the rotational positions of the inlet 14 and outlet 16 can be interchanged so that the port that previously functioned as the outlet now functions as the inlet or vice versa. , A permutation of functionality is brought about. Accordingly, the direction of the flow of the refrigerant flowing through the flow path 13 is also reversed. Thereby, a periodic replacement of both regions 13a, 13b of the flow path 13 with respect to the supply chamber 15 in the cold state or the discharge chamber 17 in the warm state is achieved, so that a good overall temperature inside the valve 4 is achieved. Compensation is provided. In order to rotate the valve 4, one rotating device 22 is provided, which is formed by a plurality of radial blades attached to the stem 7 in the illustrated example, and the exhaust gas flowing through the gas exchange passage 8 is , Are designed to flow through these radial blades. However, it may also be conceivable to have one mechanical rotating device in the area of the valve actuator.

  In order to form the flow path 13, the valve 4 is provided with one central bore 23 built from the valve disc 6 side as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and this central bore 23 has one or more partitions. The wall 24 is divided into a plurality of regions. As can be confirmed from FIG. 2, the bore 23 formed from the valve disk 6 side is sealed by a single welding insert 25 at the lower end region. The upper end of the bore 23 is located at least in the region of the inlet or outlet 14 or 16, preferably slightly above them. In the example on which FIG. 2 relies, the annular line 20 is also configured as a notch made from below and is sealed later by a single annular insert 26 welded from below. .

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, two regions functioning as a feed region or a return region of the flow path 13 having a semicircular cross-sectional shape in which the bore 23 is disposed adjacent to each other by one partition wall 24. It is divided into For each region, one radially extending connection port opening is arranged, which functions as an inlet 14 or outlet 16. Here, on the outside of the valve stem 7, the radially inner side is limited by the valve stem 7, and the radially outer side is limited by the inner wall of the housing bush provided with the insertion opening 11, which are offset by 180 ° relative to each other. Two chambers, one of which functions as a supply chamber 15 connected to a supply line 18 and the other functions as a discharge chamber 17, from which an exhaust treatment line 19 is provided. Is branched. Both chambers 15, 17 are separated from each other by their respective webs 27, but the plate thickness of these webs 27 is at least equal to the effective opening width of the wall through hole that functions as the inlet 14 or outlet 16. Thereby, a short-circuit flow from the chamber 15 to the chamber 17 is avoided.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, two partition walls 24 intersecting each other are provided, so that the hollow chamber formed by the bore 23 is divided into four flow regions. The flow regions are assigned to the feed region 13a or the return region 13b of the flow path 13 in pairs, as suggested by the reference numerals 13 ′ and 13 ″ attached in pairs. Each of the four flow regions formed by the partition wall 24 is provided with one port that functions as the inlet 14 or the outlet 16. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. There are two outlets 16, both of which communicate with a chamber functioning as a supply chamber 15 or as a discharge chamber 17 in pairs. .

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, two chambers functioning as the supply chamber 15 or the discharge chamber 17 are provided at opposite positions on the diameter around the valve stem 7 as described above. Since the distance between the outer peripheral sides of the two chambers is at most equal to the distance between the outer peripheral sides of the through holes forming the inlet and the outlets 14 and 16, the inlet 14 and the outlet 16 are rotated when the valve is rotated. Will always be open. Therefore, the thickness of the web 27 partitioning both chambers is not allowed to exceed the interval on the outer peripheral side of the wall surface through-holes forming the inlets or outlets 14 and 16. The outer peripheral distance between the two chambers functioning as supply chambers or discharge chambers 15 and 17 is equal to the distance between the wall surface through-holes functioning as inlets or outlets 14 and 16 arranged in order on at least two outer peripheral sides, respectively. Therefore, while one through hole is closed, it is guaranteed that the other through hole that performs the same function is already fully open.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is substantially consistent with the embodiment shown in FIG. However, here, unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, it is not provided with two chambers functioning as supply or discharge chambers 15, 17, which are arranged on the outer periphery in a diametrically opposed position, rather Four chambers are provided evenly distributed around the valve stem 7, all of which function as a supply chamber 15 and a discharge chamber 17 in pairs. Of course, it may also be conceivable to further divide the bore 23 into five or more flow regions and / or to provide five or more chambers around the valve stem 7. The supply lines and waste treatment lines 18, 19 arranged relative to the supply chambers or discharge chambers 15, 17 are oriented precisely in the radial direction with respect to the axis of the valve stem 7 in the example shown. However, of course, it may be possible to make these lines draw other curves. For example, both waste treatment lines 19 are constant with respect to each other so that both waste treatment lines 19 can open into the gas exchange passage 8 while facing downstream with respect to the flow direction inside the gas exchange passage 8. Or may have a generally parallel orientation.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is again provided with two chambers arranged in diametrically opposed positions, one of which functions as the supply chamber 15 and the other as the discharge chamber 17. It has become. From the central bore 23 of the valve stem 7 there are a plurality of, in this case three, radially distributed wall extending holes that can function as inlets 14 or outlets 16 that are evenly distributed on the outer perimeter of each chamber towards the outside. It has been routed to 15 or 17. These wall through-holes functioning as inlets or outlets 14 or 16 are advantageously arranged in such a way that a flow region descending and an ascending flow region are produced by the rotating cyclone flow inside the bore 23. . This can be further facilitated by a suitable inclination with respect to the bore axis and / or the radial direction. In that case, there is no need to divide the inside of the hollow chamber formed by the bore 23. In the example shown, only one central bar 28 is provided, so that a constant rotational flow can be assisted.

  Engines such as the two-cycle diesel engine of the type presented here are made using multiple new components or groups of components in the manufacturing process. However, instead of manufacturing the entire engine as a whole, a new surplus part from another group of parts is used, or other parts that have already been worn out and have a compatible structure. It is also advantageous to reuse used parts / partial regions. As a result, the results of the various efforts that have been made so far and the materials will also be used, so that the valve assembly according to the invention, or a group of components containing this valve assembly, or On the other hand, the entire engine production / overhaul is done in a very economical and environmentally friendly way. This simultaneously reduces the amount of waste and the amount of starting material that is newly introduced.

  However, in that case, a number of components such as valve housings, which are very similar in appearance, are manufactured in the same model series. By just measuring it, there is a risk that it is very difficult to effectively distinguish / specify what type it is. Therefore, when an exhaust valve according to the present invention is also wrongly selected and an inappropriate exhaust valve is selected and assembled later, an engine according to the present invention, particularly a large two-cycle, is selected. -Information about risks that could cause diesel engines to malfunction can be communicated. This may cause expensive emergency repairs that were not anticipated between regular inspections. Because of this, and because the amount of data that can be required to document a component according to the present invention is enormous, such a component is preferably placed in various folds and is not necessary. It is a good idea to be able to read in a contact manner, and it is characterized using easily recognizable data. It is preferable that an RFID chip is provided, and data for clearly defining / identifying a component group or a part thereof is stored therein. Other types of marking may be considered for the marking method.

  It is preferable that at least one marking of the part includes data for certification of the component, but this includes manufacturing data and authorization data (IMO (International Maritime Organization)). , Various historical data, as well as future or planned usage or operational data should be included.

  In the case of an exhaust valve, it is preferred that at least one marking is provided facing the end of the valve disc within three-quarters of the total axial length of the valve. As a result, at least this marking (usually an electronic device sensitive to high temperatures) may be erased or destroyed by the very hot exhaust gases that exit the combustion chamber when the exhaust valve is open. It is guaranteed to be located in a place where there is no such thing. Therefore, the marking should be exposed so that it can be read through the combustion chamber of the exhaust valve by means of contactless means. This reading is normally made when various data / parameters are supplied to the engine control system before / when the engine is started. However, the reading of such markings using means for detecting the data of at least one component in a contactless manner, such as for example one of the exhaust valves described above or components connected thereto, is possible according to the invention. Therefore, it can be executed while the large diesel engine is rotating. Thereby, for example, a person such as an inspector of an IMO or a marine insurance company can verify the exhaust valve or the like installed in order to allow the engine to continue operating. Data on this permission can also be read into the marking at the same time without having to stop the engine for that purpose.

  As another identification method that can be used in addition to or instead of this, an easily identifiable material may be processed and used as a marking. For this purpose, a material mixture containing a number of different material components is used in the component or at least one part thereof. In order to be able to identify the component, the concentration of each pure component and / or each other component that can be detected as a combination of various pure metals or various pure products with low individual concentrations is determined. One combined concentration profile may be used. For safety reasons, components with different combined concentration profiles may be rejected as “non-original” because the material is deemed not to have the desired properties.

  Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, those skilled in the art have a range of possibilities to adapt the philosophy on which the invention relies on to the circumstances of the individual case. For example, in the valve stem 7, instead of or in addition to dividing the bore 23 by one or more partition walls 24 for forming the branches 13 a, 13 b of the flow path 13, the individual passages can be separated into, for example, a single bore. It may be considered to prepare in the form of. Similarly, in order to facilitate the desired orientation in the region where each line opens into the interior of the gas exchange passage, instead of each supply line or waste treatment line 18, 19 shown, It may be possible to have one or more adjacent partial lines. This is true for all examples shown in FIGS. In addition, instead of the chambers 15 and 17 having a fan-shaped cross section, the chambers 15 and 17 are formed by a plurality of simple bores, or cut each other adjacent to each other as described above. Embodiments of these chambers may be provided that are adapted to be formed by a plurality of bores. This is also true for all examples shown.

1 cylinder 10 valve housing 11 insertion opening 12 guide bush 13 flow path 13a feed area 13b return area 14 inlet 15 supply chamber 16 outlet 17 discharge chamber 18 supply line 19 waste processing line 2 working chamber 20 discharge chamber 21 branch line 22 rotating device 23 Bore 24 Partition wall 25 Welding insert 26 Annular insert 27 Web 3 Exhaust gas outlet 4 Valve 5 Valve seat 6 Valve disc 7 Valve stem 8 Gas exchange passage 9 Cylinder cover

Claims (45)

A valve assembly,
In a gas passage (8) of an engine, in particular a two-cycle large diesel engine, having a cooling mechanism, having a valve disc (6) and a valve stem (7) carrying the valve disc (6). With one valve (4) arranged against the
The cooling mechanism has at least one flow path that can be circulated into the valve (4) and capable of feeding a refrigerant;
The flow path is defined by the valve stem (7), at least one supply chamber (15) capable of supplying refrigerant and at least one discharge chamber (17) defined by the valve stem (7). Communicated with
At least one exhaust treatment line (19) branches off from the discharge chamber (17).
In the valve assembly,
The refrigerant fed into the flow path (13) of the cooling mechanism that is routed inside the valve (4) is at least partially gaseous and / or transitions to at least partially gaseous state. Consisting of multiple possible components, and
The refrigerant can be introduced as a gas through the at least one discharge chamber (17) and the waste treatment line (19) into a region of the gas passage (8) adjacent to the discharge chamber (17). A valve assembly characterized by being.   The valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (4) is configured as an exhaust valve arranged with respect to one outlet passage forming the gas exchange passage (8).   The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage-side opening of the waste treatment line (19) is oriented in the direction of gas flow through the gas passage (8). .   The waste treatment line (19) is arranged to open to the gas passage (8) on the downstream side of the valve (4) in the direction of the gas flow inside the gas passage (8). A valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims. The gas passage is configured as an elbow, and
The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening of the disposal line (19) is arranged in a region where the radius of curvature of the elbow pipe is maximum.   A valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply chamber and the discharge chamber (15, 17) are arranged around the valve stem (7).   A valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply chamber and the discharge chamber (15, 17) are arranged at the same level.   The total height of the supply chamber and the discharge chamber (15, 17) is at least the effective opening width in the axial direction of one inlet or outlet (14, 16) of the valve-side flow path (13) in the stroke of the valve (4). The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve assembly is equal to the sum of. The valve (4) is rotatable around its axis using a single rotating device (22); and
The inlet and outlet (14, 16) of the valve-side channel (13) are at least one inlet (14) and one outlet (16), respectively, with one supply chamber (15) or discharge chamber (17). The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve assembly is arranged to communicate with each other.   The at least one supply chamber (15) and the at least one discharge chamber (17) are arranged at positions opposite to each other in diameter across the valve axis. The valve assembly described in 1.   The supply chamber and the discharge chamber (15, 17), which are arranged offset with respect to each other around the valve stem (7), are separated from each other by a plurality of webs (27), and each web (27 6) A barrier plate thickness of at least one of the valve-side flow passages (13) is equal to the effective opening width in the lateral direction of one inlet or outlet (14, 16). The valve assembly described in 1.   The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve-side channel (13) has at least one feed region (13a) and at least one return region (13b).   13. A valve assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that each feed region (13a) and return region (13b) has a plurality of flow regions.   The valve disk (6) is provided with a single annular passage (20) that makes a round, and the annular passage (20) is connected to the feed region (13a) and the return region (13b) via a plurality of branch lines (21). The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve assembly is electrically connected.   One guide bushing (12) is arranged with respect to the valve stem (7), the guide bushing (12) is located far from the gas passage (8), the upper guide region, and the gas A valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a region containing the supply chamber and the discharge chamber (15, 17) adjacent to the passage (8).   16. Valve assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that the valve stem (7) is sealed to the guide bush (12) only above the supply and discharge chambers (15, 17).   The valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that air is used as the refrigerant.   The air used as the refrigerant is branched from one air supply device arranged with respect to the engine, and can be supplied to the valve-side flow path (13) through a supply line (18). The valve assembly according to claim 17. The air supply device arranged relative to the engine has at least one compressor and at least one radiator after the compressor; and
19. A valve assembly according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the air that can be supplied to the valve-side channel (13) is branched downstream of the compressor.   20. A valve assembly according to claim 19, wherein the air is branched from between a compressor and a radiator. Passing through one gas passage (8) for the valve assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20 and the valve (4) provided in the region of the upper boundary of the gas passage (8) A valve housing with one insertion opening (11) for the purpose,
A valve housing in which at least one flow path (discarding line 19) is provided between the insertion opening (11) and the gas passage (8). A plurality of chambers opened radially inward to form one supply chamber (15) and a discharge chamber (17) are provided in the region of the insertion opening (11). In case
The valve according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one flow path (disposal treatment line 19) opened in the gas passage (8) is branched from at least one of the chambers. housing.   At least a part of one wall surface defining each chamber (supply chamber 15 and discharge chamber 17) opening inward in the radial direction is attached to the valve housing and is formed by a base material of the valve housing. The valve housing according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that   In the region of the insertion opening (11), there are provided a plurality of guide means for one valve stem that is axially offset with respect to the supply chamber (15) and the discharge chamber (17), Each of the guide means is preferably arranged with respect to one bush that is adapted to seal one of the adjacent chambers (supply chamber 15, discharge chamber 17). 24. A valve housing according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that it is characterized in that One guide bush (12) is fitted inside the insertion opening (11), and opens at least radially inward below one guide region of the guide bush (12). A plurality of chambers (supply chamber 15, discharge chamber 17) are provided, and in that case,
25. At least one flow path (waste treatment line 19) opening into the gas passage (8) is branched from at least one chamber. The valve housing described in 1.   The opening of the flow path (disposal treatment line 19) routed to the gas passage (8) is arranged on the leeward side with respect to the insertion opening (11) combined with the valve (4). 26. The valve housing according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that A valve provided with a cooling mechanism for the valve assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20,
The cooling mechanism is at least partly gaseous and / or is composed of a plurality of components capable of at least partly transitioning to a gaseous state, preferably suitable for feeding cooling air; A valve characterized by being. 28. A valve as claimed in claim 27, comprising a flow path having one feed area (13a) and one return area (13b).
The valve characterized in that at least one region of the flow path functions intermittently as a feed region (13a) or a return region (13b) during operation.   29. A valve according to any one of claims 27 or 28, characterized in that it is configured as an exhaust valve.   30. A rotating device (22), preferably formed by a plurality of radial blades attached to the valve stem (7), is provided. The described valve.   31. A flow path (13) having at least one feed region (13a) and at least one return region (13b) is routed therein. The valve according to item.   32. Valve according to claim 31, characterized in that at least a part of the feed area (13a) and / or the return area (13b) is constructed as a multi-tube.   The valve disk (7) is provided with a single annular passage (20) that makes a round, and the annular passage (20) is connected to the feed region (13a) and the return region (13b) via a plurality of branch lines (21). The valve according to claim 1, wherein the valve is electrically connected to the valve.   The inlet or outlet (14, 16) of the valve-side channel (13) is provided in one region of the valve stem (7), which is suitable for cooperation with one bush (guide bush 12). 34. A valve according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterized in that   One of the plurality of guide surfaces of the valve stem (7), wherein the inlet or outlet (14, 16) of the valve side channel (13) is suitable for cooperation with a single guide bush. The valve according to claim 34, wherein the valve is provided below the region. In the guide bush for the valve housing of the valve assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20,
It has one guide area combined with one valve stem (7), which is arranged above a plurality of chambers (feed chamber 15, discharge chamber 17) opening radially inward. A guide bush.   37. The guide bush according to claim 36, wherein each chamber (supply chamber 15, discharge chamber 17) opening radially inward is integrated in the guide bush.   37. A guide bush according to claim 36, characterized in that each chamber (supply chamber 15, discharge chamber 17) opening radially inward has an end seal.   37. Each chamber (feed chamber 15, discharge chamber 17) opening radially inward is formed by a plurality of axially extending bores cut from each other. 40. The guide bush according to any one of 38 to 38. In the valve assembly and / or valve housing and / or valve and / or guide bush according to any of the preceding claims,
At least one element of the valve assembly, preferably all elements, preferably consists of a metallic material mixture containing a number of single substances,
A valve assembly and / or valve housing and / or valve, characterized in that at least one recorded spectral profile of each pure component of each single substance identifies the material mixture of the element; And / or guide bushes. At least one element, preferably all elements, have one marking which is preferably readable from the outside in the assembled state, from which the assembly date and / or the expected service life Classification based on parameters such as
2. The marking is arranged in one memory module, preferably one RFID chip, which can be read out in a contactless manner, preferably electronically, preferably from one RFID chip. 41. The valve assembly and / or valve housing and / or valve and / or guide bushing according to any one of 40. A large engine, especially a two-cycle large diesel engine,
In a large engine having at least one combustion chamber (2) limited by one piston that reciprocates, and having at least one gas passage (8) connected to the combustion chamber (2),
Large engine, characterized in that the valve assembly according to at least one of claims 1 to 20 and 40, 41 is arranged with respect to the gas passage (8).   42. A used engine having at least one existing valve assembly uses the valve assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20 and 40, 41 instead of the existing valve assembly. 43. A large engine according to claim 42, characterized in that At least one element, preferably at least one valve (4), has one marking that can be read from the outside in the assembled state, preferably from the date of assembly and / or schedule. The classification based on parameters such as the lifetime of
43. The marking is arranged on one memory module, preferably one RFID chip, which can be read out in a contactless manner, preferably electronically. Or a large engine according to at least one of 43;   45. Large engine according to claim 44, characterized in that the marking is configured and / or arranged so that it can be read out during operation.