DK173452B1

DK173452B1 - Valve for an internal combustion engine and method for cooling such a valve

Info

Publication number: DK173452B1
Application number: DK199801129A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Arne Kvistgaard Petersen
Original assignee: Man B & W Diesel As
Priority date: 1998-09-09
Filing date: 1998-09-09
Publication date: 2000-11-20
Also published as: JP3696449B2; JP2000087708A

Description

i DK 173452 B1in DK 173452 B1

Opfindelsen angår en ventil til en forbrændings-motor, omfattende en spindel, som er lejret aksialt forskydeligt i et spindelstyr, og som har en ventiltallerken ved sin ene ende, hvor spindelen har mindst en 5 kølemiddelpassage, som står i forbindelse med et hulrum for kølemiddel i tallerkenen, hvor ventilen har mod spindelen åbne kamre, hvoraf mindst et står i forbindelse med en kølemiddel forsyning og endvidere mindst et står i forbindelse med en kølemiddelafgang, og hvor 10 der i spindelvæggen er åbninger for udveksling af kølemiddel mellem kamrene og mindst en kølemiddelpassage i spindelen.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a valve for an internal combustion engine, comprising a spindle which is axially slidably mounted in a spindle guide and having a valve plate at one end thereof, the spindle having at least one refrigerant passage communicating with a refrigerant cavity. in the plate, wherein the valve has open chambers against the spindle, at least one of which is connected to a refrigerant supply and further at least one of which is connected to a coolant outlet, and wherein in the spindle wall there are openings for the exchange of refrigerant between the chambers and at least one refrigerant passage. in the spindle.

DE 43 13 591 viser en oliekølet ventil af denne art, hvor der i spindelstyret er to oven over hinanden 15 beliggende uddrejninger, som sammen med ventilspindelen afgrænser to langstrakte ringkamre, som mod spindelen er tætnet i forhold til hinanden ved hjælp af en mellemliggende tætningsring, og sotn danner et tilgangskammer og et afgangskammer for olien. Veritilspindelen 20 er hul og er opdelt i et lille øvre rum og et nedre langstrakt rum, som munder ud i et kølerum i vent il tallerkenen . Det øvre og nedre rum i spindelen står i forbindelse med hver sit ringkammer i spindelstyret ved hjælp af radiale boringer gennem spindelvæggen. For at 25 denne forbindelse til cirkulation af køleolie gennem spindelen kan opretholdes under hele ventilens op- og nedadgående bevægelse, må ringkamrene omkring spindelen hver især have en længde, som mindst svarer til ventilens vandring plus diameteren af de radiale boringer i 30 spindelvæggen, således at disse under hele vandringen udmunder i ringkamrene. Navnlig i store motorer, hvor ventilspindelen har forholdsvis lang vandring, medfører ringkamrene og de omkring disse nødvendige spindeltætninger derfor, at ventilen har en væsentlig større DK 173452 B1 2 " Vj indbygningshøjde, end det er tilfældet for en tilsvarende ventil uden kølet tallerken.DE 43 13 591 shows an oil-cooled valve of this kind, in which in the spindle guide there are two extensions located above one another, which together with the valve spindle define two elongated annular chambers which are sealed against the spindle relative to each other by means of an intermediate sealing ring. and sotn form an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber for the oil. The veritile spindle 20 is hollow and is divided into a small upper compartment and a lower elongated compartment which opens into a cold room in the wait in the plate. The upper and lower compartments of the spindle are connected to each ring chamber in the spindle guide by means of radial bores through the spindle wall. In order for this connection to circulate cooling oil through the spindle to be maintained throughout the up and down movement of the valve, the annular chambers around the spindle must each have a length at least equal to the valve passage plus the diameter of the radial bores in the spindle wall, such that these throughout the journey end up in the ring chambers. Especially in large engines, where the valve spindle has a relatively long travel, the annular chambers and the necessary spindle seals therefore cause the valve to have a considerably greater height than is the case for a similar valve without a chilled plate.

DK 5611/74 beskriver en ventil til en forbrændingsmotor, hvor et sekundært kølemiddel udveksles 5 mellem spindelstyret og spindelen på lignende måde, men hvor spindelen og tallerkenen indeholder et primært kølemiddel i et lukket kammer, som danner eh såkaldt "heat pipe”. Det primære kølemiddel kan være natrium og rystes ved spindelens åbne- og lukkebevægelse op og ned 10 i kammeret, hvorved der sker en transport af varme fra tallerkenen til spindelen. I spindelen sker der en varmeveksling mellem det primære og det sekundære kølemiddel, som kan være olie.DK 5611/74 describes a valve for an internal combustion engine, in which a secondary refrigerant is exchanged between the spindle guide and the spindle in a similar manner, but in which the spindle and the plate contain a primary refrigerant in a closed chamber which forms a so-called "heat pipe". refrigerant may be sodium and shaken up and down by the spindle's up and down movement 10 in the chamber, thereby transferring heat from the plate to the spindle.In the spindle there is a heat exchange between the primary and secondary refrigerant which may be oil.

Der kendes endvidere fra FR 75 38 193 en væskekø-15 let tallerkenventil, hvor kølemidlet ledes ind i en passage, som udmunder i spindelenden modsat tallerkenen . Dette kan ske på den måde, at en vippearm til bevægelse af ventilen har en tilgangskanal for kølemiddel og er forbundet med spindelenden ved hjælp af et 20 kugleled, hvorigennem kølemidlet kan passere · fra.......Furthermore, from FR 75 38 193 a liquid-cooled plate valve is known, in which the refrigerant is led into a passage which opens into the spindle end opposite the plate. This can be done in such a way that a rocker arm for moving the valve has an inlet channel for refrigerant and is connected to the spindle end by means of a ball joint through which the refrigerant can pass · from .......

tilgangskanalen til passagen i spindelen. Kølémidlet kan bortledes fra spindelen gennem dennes væg på samme måde som ovenfor omtalt. For ventiler, som ikke bevæges ved hjælp af en vippearm eller lignende element ved 25 enden af spindelen, vil denne løsning medføre en større indbygningshøjde. Desuden har det i praksis vist sig svært at tætne forbindelsen mellem dette element og spindelenden effektivt på grund af de store aksiale kræfter, som opstår, når ventilen åbner og lukker.the access channel to the passage in the spindle. The refrigerant can be discharged from the spindle through its wall in the same manner as mentioned above. For valves which are not moved by a rocker arm or similar element at the end of the spindle, this solution will result in a greater installation height. In addition, in practice, it has proved difficult to effectively close the connection between this element and the spindle end due to the large axial forces that occur when the valve opens and closes.

30 Endeligt kendes fra DE 26 32 411 en luftkølet udstødsventil, hvor køleluft blæses ind gennem spindel-væggen og strømmer ud på bagsiden af ventiltallerkenen, hvorefter luften føres bort sammen med udstødsgassen.30 DE 26 32 411 Finally, an air-cooled exhaust valve is known, in which cooling air is blown in through the spindle wall and flows out on the back of the valve plate, after which the air is discharged together with the exhaust gas.

En sådan ventil egner sig imidlertid ikke for en 3 DK 173452 B1 kraftigere køling med eksempelvis olie eller vand, idet dette ville påvirke udstødssysternet negativt.However, such a valve is not suitable for more powerful cooling with, for example, oil or water, as this would adversely affect the exhaust system.

Navnlig for moderne dieselmotorer til skibsfremdrift er motorens totale indbygningshøjde en over-5 ordentlig væsentlig faktor, idet hele maskinrummets højde påvirkes deraf, og højden kan eksempelvis være afgørende for, om en motor overhovedet kan indbygges i et skib med et givet antal dæk. Da de kendte ventiler med kølet tallerken alle medfører væsentlig større 10 ventilhøjde end tilsvarende ventiler med ukølet tallerken, har man for store skibsmotorer indtil videre undgået køling af tallerkenen.Especially for modern diesel engines for ship propulsion, the overall installation height of the engine is a very significant factor, since the entire height of the engine room is affected by it, and the height can, for example, determine whether an engine can be built into a ship at all with a given number of decks. Since the known valves with chilled plate all result in substantially greater valve height than corresponding valves with chilled plate, too large ship engines have so far avoided cooling the plate.

Den foreliggende opfindelse har til formål at tilvejebringe en ventil af den indledningsvis beskrevne 15 art, hvor ventilen har mindre indbygningshøjde end de kendte ventiler med kølet tallerken, og hvor der muliggøres en effektiv og driftssikker køling af ventiltallerken.The present invention has for its object to provide a valve of the type described initially, in which the valve has a lower installation height than the known chilled plate valves and where efficient and reliable cooling of the valve plate is possible.

Med henblik herpå er ventilen ifølge opfindelsen 20 ejendommelig ved, at åbningerne i spindelvæggen er beliggende ud for eller nær ved hinanden i spindelens akseretning, og at kølemiddelkamrene er beliggende ud for hinanden i akseretningen og er adskilt fra hinanden i spindelens omkredsretning.To this end, the valve according to the invention 20 is characterized in that the openings in the spindle wall are located adjacent to or close to each other in the axis of the spindle and that the refrigerant chambers are located next to each other in the axis direction and are separated from each other in the circumferential direction of the spindle.

25 Kølemiddelkamrene kan på denne måde ligge fordelt omkring ventilspindelen, og den samlede ekstra indbygningshøjde, som eventuelt er nødvendig i forhold til en spindel uden køling, er derfor mindre end halvdelen af den i den kendte teknik nødvendige ekstra højde, hvor 30 to kølemiddelkamre ligger i forlængelse af hinanden med en mellemliggende spindeltætning. Rotation af spindelen i drift er alligevel mulig, idet en åbning i spindel-væggen derved passerer forbi kølemiddelkamrene et efter et, hvorved den skiftevis tjener som tilgangsåbning og 35 afgangsåbning for kølemidlet. Kølemiddelkamrene kan 4'; ' DK 173452 B1 *r eksempelvis være integreret i spindelstyret, hvorved en eventuel ekstra indbygningshøj de kan reduceres betydeligt, eller de kan være udformet i et ekstra hus omkring spindelen, kamrene kan mod spindelen være 5 tætnet i forhold til hinanden og i forhold til omgivelserne ved hjælp separate tætninger eller en del af giidefladen i styret.The refrigerant chambers can thus be distributed around the valve spindle, and the total additional mounting height, which is possibly necessary in relation to a spindle without cooling, is therefore less than half of the extra height required in the prior art, where 30 two refrigerant chambers lie in extending one another with an intermediate spindle seal. Rotation of the spindle in operation is nevertheless possible, an opening in the spindle wall thereby passing past the refrigerant chambers one by one, thereby alternately serving as the inlet opening and outlet opening for the refrigerant. The refrigerant chambers can 4 '; For example, they can be integrated into the spindle guide, whereby any additional installation height they can be reduced considerably or they can be designed in an extra housing around the spindle, the chambers can be sealed against the spindle relative to each other and to the surroundings. using separate seals or part of the guide surface of the handlebars.

I spindelens omkredsretning kan åbningerne i spindelvæggen have en udstrækning, som er mindre end 10 eller lig med udstrækningen i samme retning af en væg, som adskiller to kølemiddelkamre. Derved forhindres det, at der gennem åbningen kan opstå en direkte kortslutning uden om spindelens indre mellem et kammer med forbindelse til kølemiddelforsyningen og et kammer 15 med forbindelse til kølemiddelafgangen, og der sikres således, at spindelen hele tiden gennemstrømmes effektivt med kølemiddel. En kortvarig kortslutning· kan dog være ønskelig i tilfælde, hvor der ellers ville ske en fuldstændig blokering af strømningen fra tilgangs- til 20 afgangssiden, eksempelvis hvor alle åbninger i spindel-væggen samtidigt passerer en skillevæg mellem to kølemiddelkamre.In the circumferential direction of the spindle, the openings in the spindle wall may have an extension less than 10 or equal to the extension in the same direction of a wall separating two refrigerant chambers. This prevents a direct short circuit through the opening of the spindle between a chamber connected to the refrigerant supply and a chamber 15 connected to the refrigerant outlet, thus ensuring that the spindle is continuously flowed efficiently with refrigerant. However, a short-term short circuit may be desirable in cases where there would otherwise be complete blocking of the flow from the inlet to the outlet side, for example where all openings in the spindle wall pass simultaneously a partition between two refrigerant chambers.

I spindelens omkredsretning kan afstanden mellem åbningerne i spindelvæggen være mindre end udstræk-25 ningen i samme retning af et kølemiddelkammer. Dermed kan kølemiddelkamrene og åbningerne i spindelvæggen placeres i et antal og med en fordeling, der for alle vinkelstillinger af spindelen holder en til- og afgang for kølemiddel åben, hvorved en jævn gennémstrømning 30 sikres. Det kan dog alternativt i nogle tilfælde være fordelagtigt, hvis afstanden mellem to åbninger er større, idet dette vil medføre, at gennemstrømningen afbrydes periodisk i et kort øjeblik ad gangen, hvilket vil bevirke en slags pumpeeffekt, som kan befordre 35 gennemstrømningen i spindelen.In the circumferential direction of the spindle, the distance between the openings in the spindle wall may be less than the extension in the same direction of a refrigerant chamber. Thereby the refrigerant chambers and openings in the spindle wall can be placed in a number and with a distribution which keeps for all angular positions of the spindle a refrigerant supply and exit open, thereby ensuring a smooth flow through 30. Alternatively, however, it may be advantageous in some cases if the distance between two openings is greater, as this will cause the flow to be interrupted intermittently for a short moment at a time, which will produce a kind of pumping effect which can promote flow in the spindle.

DK 173452 B1 s I en fordelagtig udførelsesform står hver åbning i spindelvæggen i forbindelse med en separat kølemiddelpassage i spindelen. Passagen kan eksempelvis forløbe i lige linie eller i spiral ned mod ventiltal-5 lerkenen, hvorved kølemidlet tvinges direkte i retningen til og fra det sted, hvor kølingen især er krævet.In an advantageous embodiment, each opening in the spindle wall is connected to a separate coolant passage in the spindle. The passage may, for example, run in a straight line or in a spiral down to the valve counter plate, whereby the refrigerant is forced directly in the direction to and from the place where cooling is particularly required.

De separate kølemiddelpassager kan løbe sammen i en enkelt passage, som forløber til ventiltallerkenen.The separate refrigerant passages can run together in a single passage extending to the valve plate.

10 Kølemidlet vil så gennem disse separate passager tvinges til og fra den samlede passage, hvorfra den videre udveksling af kølemiddel med et hulrum i ventiltallerkenen under indvirkning af ventilens åbne- og lukkebevægelse sker ved en plaskevirkning.Through these separate passages, the refrigerant will then be forced to and from the overall passage, from which the further exchange of refrigerant with a cavity in the valve plate under the influence of valve opening and closing occurs by a splashing action.

15 I en fremstillingsmæssig særlig enkel udførelses- form er der i spindelen en enkelt aksial kølemiddelboring, som alle åbningerne i spindelvæggen åbner ind i, og som forløber til et hulrum eller en kanal i ventiltallerkenen. Transporten af kølemidlet til og fra 20 ventiltallerkenen sker så ved en plaskevirkning gennem hele den aksiale boring.In a particularly simple embodiment, in the spindle there is a single axial refrigerant bore into which all the openings in the spindle wall open into and extend into a cavity or channel in the valve plate. The refrigerant is then transported to and from the valve plate by a splashing action throughout the axial bore.

Der kan med fordel i kølemiddelboringen i spindelen mellem åbningerne i spindelvæggen være anbragt en ledepladeindretning, eventuelt et med boringen koaksi-25 alt, cylindrisk legeme, til afbøjning af kølemiddel-strømme gennem åbningerne. På denne måde hindres det, at en strøm af kølemiddel sprøjtes ind ad en åbning og fortsætter direkte ud ad en overfor beliggende åbning. Sådanne ledeplader kan endvidere være indrettet såle-30 des, at kølemiddel, som strømmer ind ad åbningerne, tvinges i retning mod tallerkenen, hvorved en mere effektiv udveksling af kølemiddel med denne sikres.Advantageously, in the coolant bore of the spindle between the openings in the spindle wall, a baffle device, optionally a cylindrical body coaxial with the bore, may be provided for deflecting refrigerant flows through the openings. In this way, a stream of refrigerant is prevented from being injected into an orifice and proceeds directly beyond an opposite orifice. Furthermore, such baffles may be arranged so that refrigerant flowing into the openings is forced in the direction towards the plate, thereby ensuring a more efficient exchange of refrigerant therewith.

Åbningerne i spindel væggen kan ligeledes udgøres af boringer, hvis akser danner en spids vinkel med 35 spindelens radius. Dette kan også sikre, at kølemidlet DK 173452 B1 "V"''":··' 6 -I.' ikke sprøjter direkte gennem spindelen. Endvidere kan kølemidlet bringes til at cirkulere langs indersiden af boringen i spindelen/ hvorved én mere effektiv blande-virkning kan opnås.The openings in the spindle wall may also be formed by bores whose axes form an acute angle with the radius of the spindle. This can also ensure that the refrigerant DK 173452 B1 "V" '' ": ·· '6 -I.' Furthermore, the refrigerant can be circulated along the inside of the bore of the mandrel / thereby obtaining one more efficient mixing effect.

5 I en udføreIsesform med separate kølemiddelpassa ger i spindelen kan disse med fordel strække sig til vent il tallerkenen, hvor de kan stå i forbindelse med et hulrum eller en kanal for kølemiddel i tallerkenen. Derved bringes kølemidlet hurtigst muligt til og fra 10 det sted, hvor det største kølebehov er til stede.In an embodiment with separate refrigerant passages in the spindle, these may advantageously extend to the vent in the plate, where they can be connected to a cavity or channel for refrigerant in the plate. In this way, the refrigerant is brought to and from the place where the greatest cooling demand is present as quickly as possible.

I en foretrukken udførelsesform har ventiltallerkenen en ringformet kølekanal, som følger sædefladen på tallerkenen, og hver af de separate kølemiddelpassager i spindelen er forbundet med den ringformede kanal ved 15 hjælp af i tallerkenen udadgående kanaler, som fortrinsvis er jævnt fordelt i omkredsretningen. Kølemidlet kan på denne måde bringes til tvungen cirkulation gennem både spindel og tallerken, idet det strømmer ned gennem nogle af passagerne i spindelen, gennem udad-20 gående kanaler i tallerkenen, gennem et udsnit af den ringformede kanal i tallerkenen, og på samme måde tilbage gennem indadgående kanaler og til sidst gennem nogle andre af passagerne i spindelen. Området i nærheden af sædefladen på tallerkenen er det hårdest 25 belastede, og med den ringformede kanal kan den termiske del af belastningen mindskes.In a preferred embodiment, the valve plate has an annular cooling channel which follows the seat surface of the plate and each of the separate refrigerant passages in the spindle is connected to the annular channel by means of outwardly extending channels in the plate, which are preferably evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. In this way, the refrigerant can be forced into circulation through both the spindle and the plate, flowing down through some of the passages in the spindle, through outward channels in the plate, through a section of the annular channel in the plate, and in the same way back through inward channels and eventually through some other passages in the spindle. The area near the seat surface of the plate is the hardest loaded, and with the annular channel the thermal portion of the load can be reduced.

Det er i denne forbindelse en fordel, hvis åbningerne i spindelvæggen udgøres af fire huller, som er beliggende jævnt fordelt i spindelens omkredsretning, 30 og kølemiddelkamrene udgøres af to kamre, som er beliggende i det væsentlige diametralt over for hinanden i forhold til spindelen. Med fire jævnt fordelte huller i spindelvæggen kan dels sikres den ovenfor omtalte jævne gennemstrømning af kølemidlet gennem spindelen, 35 dels at der næsten hele tiden sker en gennemstrømning 7 DK 173452 B1 af kølemiddel i alle udsnit af den ringformede kanal i tallerkenen. Flere kølemiddelkamre er naturligvis mulige, og herved kan gennemstrømningsretningen i passagerne i spindelen bringes til at skifte oftere 5 under rotation af spindelen, men dette vil· dog medføre et større samlet dødvolumen af kølemiddel i passagerne, det vil sige en mængde kølemiddel, som strømmer tilbage til tallerkenen uden først at blive udskiftet med kølet kølemiddel, hver gang strømningsretningen i passagerne 10 reverseres, og kølevirkningen vil hermed mindskes.In this connection, it is advantageous if the openings in the spindle wall consist of four holes, which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the spindle, and the refrigerant chambers are constituted by two chambers which are substantially diametrically opposite to the spindle. With four evenly spaced holes in the spindle wall, the above-mentioned smooth flow of refrigerant through the spindle can be ensured, and partly that there is almost always a flow of refrigerant in all sections of the annular channel in the plate. Of course, several refrigerant chambers are possible, and this can cause the flow direction in the passages of the spindle to change more frequently 5 during rotation of the spindle, but this will result in a greater overall dead volume of refrigerant in the passages, that is, an amount of refrigerant flowing back to the plate without first being replaced by refrigerated refrigerant each time the flow direction in the passages 10 is reversed, thereby reducing the cooling effect.

I en fordelagtig udførelsesform er kølemiddelpas-sagerne i spindelen udformet i en aksial boring i denne, idet de er adskilt af et langstrakt skilleelement, hvis tværsnit har form af et kryds, og som er 15 indsat i boringen således, at dets langsgående kanter tætner mod boringens væg. Denne udformning er mindre arbejdskrævende at fremstille end fire separate, langsgående boringer, hvilket dog også er muligt. Det er yderligere en fordel, hvis åbningerne i spindelen og 20 kølemiddelkamrene er indrettet således i forhold til hinanden, at der den overvejende del af tiden kun strømmer kølemiddel gennem to modstående passager i krydsindsatsen, idet varmevekslingen mellem disse to kanaler vil være minimal i modsætning til eksempelvis 25 en udformning med koncentriske rør monteret inden i hinanden.In an advantageous embodiment, the coolant passages in the spindle are formed in an axial bore therein, separated by an elongate dividing element whose cross section is in the form of a cross and inserted into the bore so that its longitudinal edges seal against the wall of the bore. This design is less labor intensive to manufacture than four separate, longitudinal bores, which is also possible. It is a further advantage if the openings in the spindle and the refrigerant chambers are arranged in relation to each other so that the majority of the time, only refrigerant flows through two opposing passages in the junction insert, since the heat exchange between these two channels will be minimal in contrast to for example, a design with concentric tubes mounted within each other.

I en anden udførelsesform er der i ventiltallerkenen et enkelt sammenhængende hulrum, som strækker sig til området i nærheden af sædefladen på taller-30 kenen, og som gennem spindelen står i forbindelse med alle åbningerne i spindelvæggen. Kølemidlet rystes rundt i det sammenhængende hulrum under ventilens frem-og tilbagegående bevægelser, hvorved tallerkenen køles ved plaskekøling.In another embodiment, in the valve plate there is a single continuous cavity which extends to the region near the seat surface of the plate and which communicates through all the openings in the spindle wall through the spindle. The refrigerant is shaken around the contiguous cavity during the reciprocating movements of the valve, thereby cooling the plate by splash cooling.

8 DK 173452 B1 I en særlig fordelagtig udførelses form er ventilen forsynet med organer til rotation af ventilspindelen, eksempelvis skovlblade. Navnlig i udførelsesformer, hvor flere kølemiddelpassager leder kølemiddel i det 5 mindste en del af vejen i spindelen til og fra ventil-tallerkenen, er det meget fordelagtigt, hvis spindelen konstant drejer med en vis hastighed, idet der i hver enkelt kølemiddelpassage så skiftevis strømmer "koldt" og "varmt" kølemiddel, hvilket på enkel vis bevirker en 10 jævn temperaturfordeling i spindelen og modvirker eller hindrer termisk betingede deformationer af spindelen.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the valve is provided with means for rotating the valve stem, for example vane blades. Especially in embodiments where several refrigerant passages conduct refrigerant at least part of the way in the spindle to and from the valve plate, it is very advantageous if the spindle is constantly rotating at a certain speed, with each refrigerant passage then alternately flowing " cold "and" hot "coolant, which simply causes a uniform temperature distribution in the spindle and counteracts or prevents thermally conditioned deformations of the spindle.

I udførelsesformer, hvor åbningerne i spindelen er indrettet således i forhold til kølemiddelkamrene, at strømningen gennem spindelen og tallerkenen afbrydes 15 periodisk, er det ligeledes eri fordel, at spindelen er tvunget til at rotere, da en stillestående spindel under uheldige omstændigheder ville kunne blokere kølemiddelstrømmen.In embodiments where the openings in the spindle are arranged in relation to the refrigerant chambers to interrupt the flow through the spindle and the plate periodically, it is also advantageous that the spindle is forced to rotate, as a stagnant spindle could, in adverse circumstances, block the flow of refrigerant. .

Opfindelsen angår endvidere en fremgangsmåde til 20 køling af en ventil i en forbrændingsmotor, hvor et kølemiddel under motorens drift tilføres ventiltallerkenen for køling af denne gennem en eller flere kølemiddelpassager i vent i Ispinde len og ligeledes bortledes fra tallerkenen gennem en eller flere kølemiddelpassa-25 ger i spindelen. Fremgangsmåden er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at kølemidlet i den enkelte kølemiddelpassage i spindelen skiftevis strømmer til og fra tallerkenen.The invention further relates to a method for cooling a valve in an internal combustion engine, in which a refrigerant is supplied during the operation of the engine to the valve plate for cooling it through one or more refrigerant passages in the piston and also discharged from the plate through one or more refrigerant passages. in the spindle. According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the refrigerant in the individual refrigerant passage in the spindle alternately flows to and from the plate.

Ved en foretrukken fremgangsmåde har ventilen mod 30 spindelen åbne kamre, som har begrænset udstrækning i spindelens omkredsretning, i spindelvæggen er der i spindelens omkredsretning fordelte åbninger til kølemiddelpassagerne i spindelen, og kølemidlet tilføres åbningerne fra et eller flere af kamrene, og ligeledes 35 bortledes fra åbningerne til et eller flere af kamrene, 9 DK 173452 B1 idet åbningerne bringes til at passere forbi kamrene ved rotation af spindelen.In a preferred method, the valve towards the spindle has open chambers which have a limited extent in the circumferential direction of the spindle, the openings for one or more of the chambers, the openings being caused to pass past the chambers by rotation of the spindle.

Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive forklaret nærmere ved hjælp af eksempler på udførelsesformer 5 under henvisning til den skematiske tegning, på hvilken fig. 1 viser et aksialt snitbillede af en udførelsesform for en ventil ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 et delvist snitbillede af anden udførelses -form for en ventil ifølge opfindelsen, 10 fig. 3 et delvist snitbillede af ventilen i fig.The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of examples of embodiments 5 with reference to the schematic drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows an axial sectional view of an embodiment of a valve according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of a valve according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the valve of FIG.

2 langs linien III-III, fig. 4 og 5 andre udførelsesformer for ventilen i fig. 2, set i delvist snit langs linien III-III, fig. 6 en detalje af en udførelsesform for ventils len i fig. 2, set i delvist snit langs linien III-III, fig. 7 og 8 billeder svarende til fig. 4 og 5 af andre udførelsesformer for ventilen, og fig. 9 et delvist snitbillede af ventilen i fig.2 along line III-III; FIG. 4 and 5 show other embodiments of the valve of FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view taken along the line III-III; FIG. 6 is a detail of an embodiment of the valve member of FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view taken along the line III-III; FIG. 7 and 8 are similar to FIG. 4 and 5 of other embodiments of the valve; and FIGS. 9 is a partial sectional view of the valve of FIG.

2 langs linien IX-IX, idet spindelen dog er drejet i 20 ventilhuset svarende til stillingen vist i fig. 4.2 along line IX-IX, however, the spindle is rotated in the valve housing corresponding to the position shown in FIG. 4th

I fig. 1 ses et eksempel på en ventil ifølge opfindelsen i form af en udstødsventil 1 med en spindel 2, som er lejret aksialt forskydeligt i et spindelstyr 3 monteret i udstødsventilens hus 6, og som ved sin 25 nedre ende har en ventiltallerken 4, som vender mod den ikke viste motorcylinders forbrændingskammer og samvirker med et bundstykke 5, der er fastgjort til undersiden af huset 6, som er monteret i det ikke viste cylinderdæksel. Spindelen 2 og tallerkenen 4 er på 30 tegningen vist ud i ét stykke, men de kan også være fremstillet i to dele, som er samlet eksempelvis ved friktionssvejsning eller skruning, og de kan eventuelt være af forskellige materialer. Ventiltallerkenen 4 har en sædeflade 7, som samvirker med en modstående sæde-35 flade 8 på bundstykket 5. I ventilens ikke viste åbne DK 173452 Bl 10 stilling kan gasser fra motorcylinderen strømme ud gennem en kanal 9 i bundstykket 5 og ventilhuset 6. På spindelen 2's frie del i kanalen 9 er fikseret et vingehjul 10, som kan bringe spindelen 2 til at rotere 5 under indvirkning af strømmen af udstødsgas gennem kanalen 9. Ved spindelens bort fra tallerkenen 4 vendte ende er anbragt en aktuator 11, som omfatter et hus 12, hvori der befinder sig et hydraulisk stempel 13 og et luftstempel 14, som begge er monteret på spindelen 2, 10 og som på i sig selv kendt måde tjener til at bevæge spindelen 2 op og ned for lukning og åbning af ventilen 1. '··In FIG. 1 shows an example of a valve according to the invention in the form of an exhaust valve 1 with a spindle 2 which is mounted axially displaceable in a spindle guide 3 mounted in the housing 6 of the exhaust valve and which has at its lower end a valve plate 4 facing the combustion chamber of the engine not shown, and cooperates with a bottom piece 5 attached to the underside of the housing 6 mounted in the cylinder cover not shown. The spindle 2 and the plate 4 are illustrated in one piece in the drawing, but they can also be made in two parts which are assembled, for example by friction welding or screwing, and they can optionally be of different materials. The valve plate 4 has a seat surface 7 which cooperates with an opposite seat surface 8 on the base 5. In the open position of the valve not shown, gases from the engine cylinder can flow through a channel 9 in the base 5 and the valve body 6. On the spindle 2 of the free part 2 in the duct 9 is fixed a wing wheel 10 which can cause the spindle 2 to rotate 5 under the influence of the flow of exhaust gas through the duct 9. At the end of the spindle away from the spindle 4 is mounted an actuator 11 which comprises a housing 12 , wherein there is a hydraulic piston 13 and an air piston 14, both of which are mounted on the spindle 2, 10 and which in a known manner serve to move the spindle 2 up and down for closing and opening the valve 1. ' ·

Mellem spindelstyret 3 og aktuatoren 11 er spindelen 2 omsluttet af et hus 15, hvori der er mod spinde-15 len 2 åbne kamre 15, 17, hvor kammeret 16 er forbundet med en kølemiddel forsyningsledning 18, og kammeret 17 er forbundet med en kølemiddelafgangsledning 19. Kølemidlet kan være et hvilket som helst egnet fluid, eksempelvis vand eller olie, og dette kan eventuelt 20 tilføres fra motorens almindelige kølesystem. Huset 15 er ved spindelens gennemføring tætnet med sædvanlige tætninger 20.Between the spindle guide 3 and the actuator 11, the spindle 2 is enclosed by a housing 15 in which there are open chambers 15, 17 against the spindle 2, the chamber 16 being connected to a coolant supply line 18 and the chamber 17 being connected to a coolant outlet line 19 The refrigerant may be any suitable fluid, for example water or oil, and this may optionally be supplied from the ordinary cooling system of the engine. The housing 15 is sealed with the usual seals 20 by means of the spindle.

I fig. 2 ses en anden Udførelsesform for ventilen i fig. 1. Kølemiddelkamrene 16, 17 er her udformet i et 25 hus 21, som også tjener som styr for spindelen 2, hvorved der er opnået en mere kompakt ventil 1, som i princippet ikke behøver at have større indbygningslængde end en tilsvarende ventil uden kølemiddelcirkulation gennem spindelen 2. Det er klart, at der i huset 21 kan 30 være indsat en ikke vist, udskiftelig foring omkring spindelen 2, og kølemiddelkamrene 16, 17 kan så enten være udformet i foringen eller strække sig igennem denne. Det ses endvidere, at spindeltætningerne 20 i denne udførelsesform er udformet med i sig selv kendte 35 indikatorboringer 22, hvorigennem kølemiddel ved en 11 DK 173452 B1 eventuel utæthed af tætningerne vil lække og dermed indikere utætheden, således at denne kan udbedres.In FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the valve of FIG. Here, the refrigerant chambers 16, 17 are formed in a housing 21, which also serves as a guide for the spindle 2, whereby a more compact valve 1 is obtained which, in principle, does not need to have a greater installation length than a corresponding valve without refrigerant circulation through The spindle 2. It is clear that in the housing 21 a non-removable liner may be inserted around the spindle 2, and the refrigerant chambers 16, 17 may either be formed in the liner or extend therethrough. It is further seen that in this embodiment the spindle seals 20 are formed with 35 indicator bores 22 known per se, through which refrigerant at any leakage of the seals will leak and thus indicate the leakage so that it can be repaired.

Fig. 3 viser et snit gennem ventilen 1 langs snitlinien III-III i fig. 2, set i akseretningen, og 5 det fremgår, at der i denne udførelsesform er to diametralt modsatte og i forhold til hinanden adskilte kølemiddelkamre 16, 17 omkring spindelen 2, og at der i spindelen 2 er fire radiale boringer 23, 24, 25, 26, som fører ind i en aksial boring 27 i spindelen 2. I 10 den viste stilling munder boringen 23 ud i kammeret 16, og boringen 24 udmunder i kammeret 17, medens boringerne 25, 26 hver især er lukket af en væg 48., 49 i styret 21 mellem kamrene 16, 17. Ved en kvart omdrejning med uret af spindelen 2 vil boringen 26 udmunde i kammeret 15 16, og boringen 25 vil udmunde i kammeret 17, medens boringerne 23, 24 vil være lukket af væggene 48, 49, og ved endnu en kvart omdrejning med uret vil boringen 24 udmunde i kammeret 16, og boringen 23 udmunde i kammeret 17, osv. I fig. 4 er endvidere vist den samme 20 udførelsesform som i fig. 3, men spindelen 2 står her i en stilling, hvor de to boringer 23, 26 udmunder i kammeret 16, og de to andre boringer 24, 25 udmunder i kammeret 17. Hver af boringerne 23, 24, 25, 26 vil således ved drejning af spindelen 2 hele tiden veksle 25 mellem at tjene til indgangsåbning, være lukket, tjene til udgangsåbning, osv. Endvidere er det således, at boringerne 23, 24, 25, 26 er beliggende på samme sted i spindelens akseretning, og kølemiddelkamrene 16, 17 har en sådan udstrækning i denne retning, at boringerne 30 23, 24, 25, 26 hele tiden ligger ud for kamrene 16, 17, når spindelen 2 forskydes op og ned for åbning og lukning af ventilen 1, dvs., at udstrækningen er cirka spindelens vandring plus diameteren af boringerne 23, 24, 25, 26. Der vil således i alle spindelens mulige DK 173452 Bl 12 arbejdsstillinger være åbent for cirkulation af kølemiddel gennem spindelen 2 via kamrene 16, 17.FIG. 3 shows a section through the valve 1 along the section line III-III in FIG. 2, seen in the axial direction, and 5 it appears that in this embodiment there are two diametrically opposite and spaced refrigerant chambers 16, 17 around the spindle 2, and that in the spindle 2 there are four radial bores 23, 24, 25, 26, which leads into an axial bore 27 in the spindle 2. In the position shown 10, the bore 23 opens into the chamber 16, and the bore 24 opens into the chamber 17, while the bores 25, 26 are each closed by a wall 48. 49 in the guide 21 between the chambers 16, 17. At a quarter turn clockwise of the spindle 2, the bore 26 will open in the chamber 15 16 and the bore 25 will open in the chamber 17, while the bores 23, 24 will be closed by the walls 48, 49. and, at another quarter turn clockwise, the bore 24 will open in the chamber 16, and the bore 23 will open in the chamber 17, etc. In FIG. 4, the same embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, but the spindle 2 is here in a position where the two bores 23, 26 open in the chamber 16, and the other two bores 24, 25 open in the chamber 17. Each of the bores 23, 24, 25, 26 will thus rotate. of the spindle 2 constantly alternating 25 between serving for inlet opening, being closed, serving for outlet opening, etc. Furthermore, it is so that the bores 23, 24, 25, 26 are located at the same location in the axis of the spindle and the refrigerant chambers 16, 17 has such an extension in this direction that the bores 30 23, 24, 25, 26 are constantly facing the chambers 16, 17 as the spindle 2 is moved up and down for opening and closing of the valve 1, i.e. the extension is approx. The travel of the spindle plus the diameter of the bores 23, 24, 25, 26. Thus, in all possible positions of the spindle, the working positions of the spindle will be open for circulation of refrigerant through the spindle 2 via the chambers 16, 17.

Boringen 27 er over hele sin længde opdelt i fire passager 28, 29, 30, 31 ved hjælp af indsats 32, som 5 har tværsnit med form af et kryds, og som eksempelvis kan være fremstillet ved sammensætning af to metalplader, som hver er bukket 90°. Indsatsen 32, der tætner passagerne 28, 29, 30, 31 i forhold til hinanden, kan eksempelvis være presset fast i boringen 27 og er 10 orienteret således i denne, at der i hver passage 28, 29, 30, 31 udmunder en af de radiale boringer 23, 24, 25, 26. Boringen 27 er afsluttet lidt over de radiale boringer 23, 24, 25, 26, og den forløber ned i ventil-tallerkenen 4, hvor den er aflukket med en isvejst prop 15 33. Det er klart, at boringen 27 med indsatsen 32 også kan erstattes af fire separate kanaler i spindelen 2, hvor kanalerne kan have form af langsgående boringer, spiralformede kanaler el. lign.The bore 27 is divided over its entire length into four passages 28, 29, 30, 31 by means of insert 32, which 5 has a cross section in the form of a cross, and which can be made, for example, by the composition of two metal sheets, each bent 90 °. The insert 32, which seals the passages 28, 29, 30, 31 relative to each other, may, for example, be pressed firmly in the bore 27 and is oriented in such a way that in each passage 28, 29, 30, 31 one of the radial bores 23, 24, 25, 26. The bore 27 is completed slightly above the radial bores 23, 24, 25, 26 and extends into the valve plate 4 where it is closed with an ice welded plug 15 33. It is It is clear that the bore 27 with the insert 32 can also be replaced by four separate channels in the spindle 2, the channels being in the form of longitudinal bores, helical channels or the like. like.

I ventiltallerkenen 4 forløber der i området ved 20 sædefladen 7 en ringformet kølekanal 34, hvorfra fire kanaler 35, 36, 37, 38 er boret radialt indad og skråt opad, således at de hver især udmunder i en af passagerne 28, 29, 30, 31. I den viste udførelsesform er den ringformede kanal 34 drejet ud fra bunden af tallerke-25 nen 4 og derefter aflukket ved isvej sning af en ring 39, men tallerkenen 4 og/eller spindelen 2 kan også være fremstillet på andre måder end de her omtalte, eksempelvis ved pulverpresning, såsom "HIP" (Hot Isosta-tic Pressing), hvorved kølekanalerne kan formgives ved 30 fremstillingen uden efterfølgende udboring eller uddrejning.In the valve plate 4, in the region of the seat surface 7, an annular cooling duct 34 extends from which four ducts 35, 36, 37, 38 are drilled radially inwardly and inclined upwardly so that they each open in one of the passages 28, 29, 30, 31. In the embodiment shown, the annular channel 34 is rotated out from the bottom of the plate 4 and then closed by ice welding a ring 39, but the plate 4 and / or the spindle 2 may also be manufactured in ways other than those herein. mentioned, for example, by powder pressing, such as "Hot Isostatic Pressing" (HIP), whereby the cooling ducts can be shaped during manufacture without subsequent drilling or turning.

I den i fig. 3 viste stilling af spindelen 2 vil kølemidlet strømme fra kammeret 16 ind ad boringen 23 og ned gennem passagen 28 i spindelen 2, indtil det når 35 tallerkenen 4, hvor det vil strømme udad gennem kanalen , 13 ' DK 173452 B1 35 mod den ringformede kanal 34. Når kølemiddelstrømmen når kanalen 34 deles den i to strømme, som løber hver sin vej rundt i kanalen 34 som antydet med pilene, og som mødes igen ved det diametralt modsatte sted i ring-5 kanalen 34, hvor de samles til en strøm, som løber mod centrum af tallerkenen 4 gennem kanalen 36. Herefter strømmer kølemidlet op gennem passagen 29 i spindelen 2 og ud af denne gennem den radiale boring 24, hvorefter det forlader ventilen 1 gennem kammeret 17. Dette 10 strømningsbillede, hvor hele den ringformede kanal 34 gennemstrømmes af kølemidlet, forekommer i de fleste stillinger af spindelen 2, bortset fra, at kølemidlet ledes henholdsvis til og fra den ringformede kanal 34 gennem vekslende kanaler 35, 36, 37, 38 i tallerkenen 15 4. Imidlertid forekommer der periodisk kortvarigt en situation, hvor der i hvert kølemiddelkammer 16, 17 udmunder to af boringerne 23, 24, 25, 26, som vist i fig. 4. I den viste stilling af spindelen 2 strømmer der derfor kølemiddel ned gennem begge passagerne 28, 20 31 i spindelen 2, hvorefter det strømmer gennem de to udadgående kanaler 35, 37 i tallerkenen 4 og ud i ringkanalen 34, hvor det gennemstrømmer to modstående, kvarte afsnit 40, 41 af ringkanalen 34 og derefter forlader denne igen gennem de to kanaler 36, 38, som 25 antydet med pilene i fig. 9. Til slut strømmer kølemidlet op gennem passagerne 29, 30 i spindelen 2 og forlader denne først gennem boringerne 24, 25 og derefter gennem kølemiddelkammeret 17, se fig. 4. Det er klart, at der i denne situation ikke strømmer 30 kølemiddel gennem de to andre kvarte afsnit 42, 43 af ringkanalen 34, og tallerkenen 4 køles følgeligt ikke langs hele sædefladen 7, men‘ da situationen kun forekommer i et kort øjeblik, er det i praksis uden betydning. Et alternativ ville være at lade den ene 35 radiale boring 23 blive lukket inden den anden 26 14 DK 173452 B1 bliver åbnet ved at gøre afstanden mellem de to boringer 23, 26 større end den i fig. 4 viste, men derved vil kølemiddelstrømmen blive afbrudt fuldstændigt i et kort øjeblik, hvilket kan være uhensigtsmæssigt, hvis 5 en jævn gennemstrømning er ønsket.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the coolant will flow from the chamber 16 into the bore 23 and down through the passage 28 in the spindle 2 until it reaches the plate 4, where it will flow outwardly through the channel 13 to the annular channel. 34. When the refrigerant stream reaches the channel 34, it is divided into two streams, which each run in the channel 34 as indicated by the arrows, and which meet again at the diametrically opposite location in the ring channel 34 where they are collected into a stream. which runs toward the center of the plate 4 through the channel 36. Thereafter, the refrigerant flows up through the passage 29 in the spindle 2 and out of it through the radial bore 24, after which it leaves the valve 1 through the chamber 17. This flow picture where the entire annular channel 34 flow through the refrigerant, occurs in most positions of the spindle 2, except that the refrigerant is passed to and from the annular channel 34, respectively, through alternating channels 35, 36, 37, 38 in numbers. chin 15 4. However, periodically a situation occurs briefly in which in each refrigerant chamber 16, 17 two of the bores 23, 24, 25, 26, as shown in FIG. 4. In the shown position of the spindle 2, therefore, coolant flows down through both passages 28, 20 31 of the spindle 2, after which it flows through the two outgoing channels 35, 37 in the plate 4 and out into the ring channel 34, where it flows two opposing , quarter sections 40, 41 of the ring channel 34 and then leave it again through the two channels 36, 38, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 9. Finally, the refrigerant flows up through the passages 29, 30 in the spindle 2 and leaves it first through the bores 24, 25 and then through the refrigerant chamber 17, see fig. 4. Obviously, in this situation, 30 refrigerant does not flow through the other two quarters sections 42, 43 of the annular channel 34, and the plate 4 is consequently not cooled along the entire seat surface 7, but as the situation occurs only for a brief moment, in practice it is of no significance. An alternative would be to allow one of the radial bores 23 to be closed before the other 26 is opened by increasing the distance between the two bores 23, 26 than that of FIG. 4, but thereby the coolant flow will be completely interrupted for a short moment, which may be inappropriate if 5 a smooth flow is desired.

Da det i fig. 3 viste strømningsbillede således forekommer i langt størstedelen af tiden, opnås med den krydsformede indsats 32 yderligere den fordel, at "koldt" kølemiddel, som strømmer til tallerkenen 4, og 10 "varmt" kølemiddel, som strømmer bort fra tallerkenen, strømmer i passager (som i den i figuren viste stilling har henvisningstallene 28 og 29), som ikke har fælles vægge, hvilket reducerer varmevekslingen mellem kølemidlet i de to passager i forhold til i eksempelvis en 15 udførelsesform, hvor passagerne er udformet som inden 1 hinanden beliggende, koncentriske rør. Hvis spindelen 2 er forsynet med en drivindretning, som sørger for en vis omdrejningshastighed af spindelen, så opnås der desuden den vigtige fordel, at de temperaturforskelle, 20 som opstår i selve spindelen 2 pga. tempera tur for skellen af det "kolde" og "varme" kølemiddel, er meget små, eftersom kanalerne 28, 29, 30, 31 i spindelen 2 hele tiden veksler mellem at føre "koldt" og "varmt" kølemiddel.Since in FIG. 3, thus appearing for the vast majority of the time, with the cross-shaped insert 32, the advantage is further obtained that "cold" refrigerant flowing to the plate 4 and 10 "hot" refrigerant flowing away from the plate flow in passages ( which, in the position shown in the figure, has reference numerals 28 and 29) which have no common walls, which reduces the heat exchange between the refrigerant in the two passages relative to, for example, in an embodiment in which the passages are formed as concentric tubes located within one another . In addition, if the spindle 2 is provided with a drive device which provides a certain speed of rotation of the spindle, then the important advantage is obtained that the temperature differences which occur in the spindle 2 itself due to the temperature of the difference between the "cold" and " heat "refrigerant" is very small since the channels 28, 29, 30, 31 of the spindle 2 constantly alternate between conducting "cold" and "hot" refrigerant.

25 I fig. 5 er vist en udførelsesform, hvor der ligesom i den i fig. 4 viste er et kammer 16 for tilledning af kølemiddel og et kammer 17 for bortledning af kølemiddel, men hvor der i spindelvæggen kun er to radiale boringer 44, 45, som tjener til udveksling af 30 kølemiddel mellem kamrene 16, 17 og to passager 46, 47 i spindelen 2 for udveksling af kølemiddel med tallerkenen 4. Ventiltallerkenen 4, som ikke er vist for denne udførelsesf orm, svarer til den i fig. 3 og 9 viste, bortset fra, at der i tallerkenen 4 kun er to 35 modstående, udadgående kanaler, hvoraf den ene på et DK 173452 B1 .is' givet tidspunkt leder kølemidlet bort fra en af passagerne 46, 47 i spindelen 2 til den ringformede kanal 34, og hvoraf den anden leder det bort fra kanalen 34 til den anden af passagerne 46, 47 i spindelen 2. Denne 5 udførelsesform har den fordel, at kølemidlets strømningsretning i hver af de langsgående passager 46, 47 i spindelen 2 kun reverseres én gang per omdrejning af spindelen 2, hvorved reduceres den negative indvirkning på kølingen af tallerkenen 4, som følger af, at der i 10 passagerne 46, 47 i spindelen 2 er et dødvolumen af kølemiddel, dvs. at en mængde opvarmet kølemiddel svarende cirka til volumenet af passagerne 46, 47 ikke bliver udskiftet med "koldt" kølemiddel, inden gennemstrømningsretningen i passagerne 46, 47 skifter, 15 hvilket indvirker negativt på kølevirkningen. I fig. 5 er de radiale boringer 44, 45 vist med en udstrækning, som i spindelens omkredsretning er cirka lig med udstrækningen af væggene 48, 49, som adskiller kølemiddelkamrene 16, 17. På denne måde afbrydes strømningen 20 af kølemiddel gennem spindelen 2 imidlertid et øjeblik, hver gang boringerne 44, 45 passerer forbi disse vægge 48, 49, hvilket kan være en ulempe, hvis en jævn gennemstrømning ønskes. I dette tilfælde kan boringerne 44, 45 eventuelt udformes med større udstrækning i 25 spindelens omkredsretning end væggene 48, 49, hvorved der opnås en kortslutning hen over boringerne 44, 45 fra kammeret 16 til kammeret 17 i det korte øjeblik, hvor boringerne 44, 45 passerer forbi de respektive skillevægge 48, 49, se fig. 6. Den i denne figur viste 30 udførelsesform for skillevæggene 48, 49 og boringerne 44, 45 ville også kunne anvendes i den i fig. 4 viste udførelsesform for ventilen 1, men er her ikke nødvendig for at undgå den omtalte afbrydning af strømningen, idet der hele tiden udmunder mindst én af boringerne 35 23, 24, 25, 26 i hvert af kamrene 16, 17. Det er også DK 173452 B1 ..·;r;'i-s; klart, at en om end kortvarig kortslutning af strømningen gennem spindelen 2 nedsætter kølevirkningen.In FIG. 5 is an embodiment in which, as in the embodiment of FIG. 4 is a refrigerant supply chamber 16 and refrigerant discharge chamber 17, but in the spindle wall there are only two radial bores 44,45 serving to exchange refrigerant between the chambers 16, 17 and two passages 46, 47 in the coolant exchange spindle 2 with the plate 4. The valve plate 4, not shown for this embodiment, corresponds to the one shown in FIG. 3 and 9, except that in plate 4 there are only two opposing outward channels, one of which, at a given time, directs the refrigerant away from one of the passages 46, 47 in the spindle 2 to the annular channel 34, the other of which directs it away from channel 34 to the other of the passages 46, 47 in the spindle 2. This embodiment has the advantage that the flow direction of the refrigerant in each of the longitudinal passages 46, 47 in the spindle 2 is reversed only. once per revolution of the spindle 2, thereby reducing the negative effect on the cooling of the plate 4, as a result of the fact that in the passages 46, 47 of the spindle 2 there is a dead volume of refrigerant, ie. that an amount of heated refrigerant approximately equal to the volume of passages 46, 47 is not replaced by "cold" refrigerant before the flow direction of passages 46, 47 changes, which adversely affects the cooling effect. In FIG. 5, the radial bores 44, 45 are shown with an extent which in the circumferential direction of the spindle is approximately equal to the extent of the walls 48, 49 which separate the refrigerant chambers 16, 17. In this way, however, the flow 20 of refrigerant through the spindle 2 is interrupted for a moment. each time the bores 44, 45 pass through these walls 48, 49, which may be a disadvantage if a smooth flow is desired. In this case, the bores 44, 45 may optionally be formed to a greater extent in the circumferential direction of the spindle than the walls 48, 49, thereby providing a short-circuit across the bores 44, 45 from the chamber 16 to the chamber 17 at the short moment of the bores 44, 45 passing past the respective partitions 48, 49, see FIG. 6. The embodiment of partitions 48, 49 and bores 44, 45 shown in this figure could also be used in the embodiment of FIG. 4, but is not necessary here to avoid the aforementioned interruption of the flow, since at least one of the bores 35 23, 24, 25, 26 in each of the chambers 16, 17 is constantly opened. 173452 B1 .. ·; r; 'is; it is clear that a brief short-circuit of the flow through the spindle 2 reduces the cooling effect.

I fig. 7 er vist endnu en udførelsesform, hvor spindelen 2 og tallerkenen 4 er udformet som i den i 5 fig. 3 og 4 viste udførelsesform, med fire radiale boringer 23, 24, 25, 26, men hvor der omkring spindelen 2 er fordelt fire kølemiddelkamre 50, 51, 52, 53, hvoraf to modstående kamre 50, 52 er forbundet med en·'' 7 kølemiddelforsyning, og hvoraf de to andre modstående 10 kamre 51, 53 er forbundet med en kølemiddelafgang. Ϊ drift vil strømningen af kølemiddel gennem passagerne 28, 29, 30, 31 i spindelen 2 ændre retning fire gange per omdrejning af spindelen, hvor dette kun vil ske to gange i den i fig. 4 viste udførelsesform. Dette vil i 15 praksis forstærke den ovenfor nævnte virkning af dødvolumenet i passagerne i spindelen 2.In FIG. 7, there is shown another embodiment, in which the spindle 2 and the plate 4 are formed as in the embodiment of FIG. 3 and 4, with four radial bores 23, 24, 25, 26, but four coolant chambers 50, 51, 52, 53 are distributed around the spindle 2, two opposite chambers 50, 52 being connected to one 7 refrigerant supply, of which the other two opposed chambers 51, 53 are connected to a refrigerant outlet. In operation, the flow of refrigerant through the passages 28, 29, 30, 31 of the spindle 2 will change direction four times per revolution of the spindle, where this will only happen twice in the one shown in FIG. 4. This will, in practice, amplify the above-mentioned effect of the dead volume in the passages in the spindle 2.

Imidlertid kan spindelen 2 også være udformet med ingen eller ganske korte passager 28, 29, 30, 31, hvorved virkningen af dødvolumenet kan være ubetydelig.However, the spindle 2 may also be formed with no or very short passages 28, 29, 30, 31, whereby the effect of the dead volume may be negligible.

20 Passagerne 28, 29, 30, 31 kan så forløbe et stykke ned fra mundingerne af boringerne 23, 24, 25, 26, hvorefter den videre transport af kølemiddel til og fra tallerkenen 4 kan ske ved en plaskevirkning i den aks i ale boring 27 i spindelen 2. I selve tallerken 4 kan 25 kølingen så også ske ved en i sig selv kendt plaskevirkning i et ikke vist hulrum, som strækker fra centrum af tallerkenen 4 til området ved sædefladen 7.The passages 28, 29, 30, 31 may then extend a distance from the orifices of the bores 23, 24, 25, 26, after which the further transport of refrigerant to and from the plate 4 may be effected by a splashing action in the axis of all bore 27 In the spindle 2. In the plate 4 itself, the cooling can then also be effected by a splashing effect per se known in a cavity not shown, extending from the center of the plate 4 to the area at the seat surface 7.

Det kan så være en fordel at have flere kølemiddelkamre 50, 51, 52, 53 i ventilen, eksempelvis fire som vist i 30 fig. 7, da dette kan skabe større turbulens i spindelens kølekanaler og dermed fremme piaskevirkningen.It may then be advantageous to have several refrigerant chambers 50, 51, 52, 53 in the valve, for example four as shown in FIG. 7, as this can create greater turbulence in the cooling channels of the spindle and thus promote the sliding effect.

Hvis indsatsen 32 helt udelades, sker al transport af kølemiddel fra boringerne 23, 24, 25, 26 til tallerkenen 4 ved plaskevirkning i den aksiale boring 27. I 35 dette tilfælde kan der som vist i fig. 8 i boringen 27 ..." ·17 DK 173452 B1 * mellem mundingerne af radiale boringer 55, 56, 57 indrettes en ledeplade, eksempelvis i form af en cylinder 54, som har til formål at sikre, at kølemidlet ikke strømmer ind ad en af de radiale boringer 55, 56, 5 57 og derefter direkte ud ad en anden overfor beliggende boring, samt endvidere, at kølemidlet ledes "i'''’ retningen ned mod tallerkenen 4. De radiale boringer 55, 56, 57 kan også udformes med akser, som danner en spids vinkel med spindelens radius, hvorved det lige-10 ledes kan sikres, at kølemiddel, som først er kommet ind i boringen 27, ikke straks forlader den igen. Endvidere kan dette skabe en cirkulation af kølemidlet i boringen 27, hvilket ligeledes kan fremme plaskevirk-ningen.If the insert 32 is completely omitted, all refrigerant transport from the bores 23, 24, 25, 26 to the plate 4 is effected by splashing action in the axial bore 27. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8 in the bore 27 ... "· 17 DK 173452 B1 * between the orifices of radial bores 55, 56, 57 a guide plate is arranged, for example in the form of a cylinder 54, which is intended to ensure that the refrigerant does not flow into a of the radial bores 55, 56, 5 57 and then directly out of another opposite bore, and further that the refrigerant is guided "in the" "direction down towards the plate 4. The radial bores 55, 56, 57 can also be formed with axes which form an acute angle with the radius of the spindle, thereby ensuring that coolant first entered into bore 27 does not immediately leave it again. Furthermore, this can create a circulation of the refrigerant in the bore 27, which can also promote the splashing effect.

15 Den i fig. 8 viste udførelsesform har, som det fremgår, tre radiale boringer 55, 56, 57, som er jævnt fordelt i spindelens omkredsretning, hvilket også hindrer et som ovenfor omtalt direkte gennemløb af kølemiddel fra én boring til én anden, og ledeindret-20 ningen 54 kan her eventuelt udelades. Denne udførelsesform kan også udformes med separate passager i spindelen for hver boring 55, 56, 57, og ét kanalsystem i ventiltallerkenen 4, som svarér til det i fig. 3 og 9 viste, men da der i stedet for de i disse figurer viste 25 fire udadgående kanaler 35, 36, 37, 38 kun ville være tre tilsvarende kanaler, så ville der hele tiden være et afsnit udgørende en tredjedel af den ringformede kanal 34, som ikke ville blive gennemstrømmet af kølemiddel.15 The embodiment of FIG. 8, as can be seen, three radial bores 55, 56, 57 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the spindle, which also prevents a direct flow of refrigerant from one bore to another and the guide device 54 as mentioned above. may be omitted here. This embodiment can also be designed with separate passages in the spindle for each bore 55, 56, 57, and one duct system in the valve plate 4 which corresponds to the one shown in FIG. 3 and 9, but instead of the four outward channels 35, 36, 37, 38 shown in these figures, there would be only three corresponding channels, so there would always be a section comprising one third of the annular channel 34 which would not be permeated with refrigerant.

30 I andre udførelsesformer kan kølemiddelkamrene eksempelvis være udformet i et hus, som er anbragt således på ventiIspindelen, at huset i drift bevæger sig op og ned med spindelen i dens akseretning, men at spindelen kan rotere i huset, som derfor ikke roterer 35 i forhold til ventilhuset. Tilgangs- og afgangsled- DK 173452 B1' ιβ ; ningerne for kølemiddel kan så være udformet som fleksible tilslutninger til kamrene i huset, og huset kan i spindelens akseretning have en udstrækning, som ikke er meget større end udstrækningen af de radiale 5 åbninger i spindelen. Kølemiddelkamrene kan også være indrettet således, åt de ikke er åbne direkte mod selve spindelen, men at der er anbragt et eller flere andre • ’·” elementer imellem kamrene og spindelen, hvor disse elementer kan være fast forbundet med spindelen, eller 10 eksempelvis kun ført med denne i dens akseretnirig. Kølemiddelkamrene kan desuden udformes andre steder i ventilen end de viste, eksempelvis kan de integreres i aktuatoren.In other embodiments, the refrigerant chambers may be formed, for example, in a housing which is arranged on the valve spindle so that the housing in operation moves up and down with the spindle in its axis direction, but that the spindle can rotate in the housing which therefore does not rotate in relation to to the valve body. Inlet and outlet joints DK 173452 B1 'ιβ; The refrigerant means may then be designed as flexible connections to the chambers of the housing, and the housing may have in the axis of rotation of the spindle an extent not much greater than the extent of the radial openings in the spindle. The refrigerant chambers can also be arranged so that they are not open directly to the spindle itself, but that one or more other elements are disposed between the chambers and the spindle, where these elements can be fixedly connected to the spindle, or e.g. led with this in its axeretnirig. In addition, the refrigerant chambers can be designed elsewhere in the valve than shown, for example they can be integrated into the actuator.

Det er endvidere klart, at de forskellige be-15 skrevne udføre Ise s former kan kombineres på mange forskellige måder, uden at man derved bevæger sig uden for opfindelsens rammer. Opfindelsen er heller ikke begrænset til køling med en bestemt type kølemiddel, lige så vel som den også omfatter en ventil, hvor et sekun-20 dært kølemiddel udveksles gennem spindelvæggen på den ovenfor beskrevne måde og derefter gennemstrømmer en varmeveksler i spindelen, idet der afkøles et primært kølemiddel, som tjener til køling af ventiltallerkenen.It is further to be understood that the various described embodiments of Ise's forms can be combined in many different ways without thereby moving outside the scope of the invention. The invention is also not limited to cooling with a particular type of refrigerant, as well as including a valve in which a secondary refrigerant is exchanged through the spindle wall in the manner described above, and then a heat exchanger flows through the spindle, cooling a primarily refrigerant, which serves to cool the valve plate.

Claims

A valve (1) for an internal combustion engine, comprising a spindle (2) which is axially displaceable in a spindle guide (3, 21) and having a vent in the plate (4) 5 at one end thereof, wherein the spindle ( 2) has at least one refrigerant passage communicating with a refrigerant cavity in the plate (4), the valve (1) having chambers, at least one of which communicates with a refrigerant supply and further at least one communicating with a coolant outlet, and in which the spindle wall has openings for exchanging refrigerant between the chambers and at least one coolant passage in the spindle (2), characterized in that the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57 ) in the spindle wall 15 is located adjacent to or adjacent to each other in the axis of the spindle (2) and that the refrigerant chambers (16, 17, 50, 51, 52, 53) are located next to each other in the axis and are separated from each other in the spindle (2) circumferential direction. 20

2, Valve (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circumferential direction of the spindle (2), the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall have an extension which is less than or equal to the extent in the same direction of a wall (48, 49), 25 separating two refrigerant chambers (16, 17, 50, 51, 52, 53). '·. ';

Valve (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the circumferential direction of the spindle (2) the distance between the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 30 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall is less than the extension in the same direction of a refrigerant chamber (16, 17, 50, 51, '52, 53).

Valve (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each opening (23, 24, 25, 35 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall is in the front 20; B1 connection with a separate refrigerant passage (28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47) in the spindle.

5. Valve (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the separate refrigerant passages <28, 29, 5 30, 31, 46, 47) coincide in a single passage (27) extending to the valve plate (4).

Valve (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, k characterized in that in the spindle (2) there is a single axial coolant bore (27), which all 10 openings <23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45 , 55, 56, 57) of the spindle wall opens into and extends into a cavity or channel in the valve plate (4).

Valve (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that in the coolant bore (27) in the spindle (2) between the openings <23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall is provided a baffle device, optionally a cylindrical body (54) coaxial with the bore (27), for deflecting refrigerant flows through the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 20 56, 57).

Valve (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall are formed by bores whose axes form an acute angle with spinning lens (2) radius.

Valve (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the separate refrigerant passages (28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47) extend to the valve plate (4) where they are connected to a cavity or a channel 30 for refrigerant in the plate (4).

Valve (1) according to claim 4 or 9, characterized in that the valve plate (4) has an annular cooling channel (34) which follows the seat surface (7) of the plate (4) and that each of the separate refrigerants - 35 passages (28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47) in the spindle (2) are ·. 21 ". DK 173452 B1 * is connected to the annular channel (34) by means of an outward channel (35, 36, 37, 38) extending in the plate (4), where these channels (35, 36, 37, 38) are preferably evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

Valve (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall are four holes (23, 24, 25). , 26), which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the spinning lens (2) and that the refrigerant chambers (16, 10 17, 50, 51, 52, 53) are constituted by two chambers (16, 17) located substantially diametrically above each other relative to the spindle (2).

Valve (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the refrigerant passages (28, 29, 30, 31, 15 46, 47) in the spindle (2) are formed in an axial bore (27) therein. being separated by an elongate dividing element (32) whose cross section is in the form of a cross and inserted into the bore (27) such that its longitudinal edges seal against the wall of the bore (27).

Valve (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the valve plate (4) there is a single continuous cavity which extends to the area in the vicinity of the seat surface (7) of the plate (4) and which through the spindle (2) communicates with all the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) in the spindle wall.

Valve (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve (1) is provided with means for rotating the valve stem (2), for example paddle blades (10).

A method of cooling a valve (1) in an internal combustion engine, wherein a coolant is supplied during the operation of the engine to the valve plate (4) for cooling it through one or more refrigerant passages (28, 29, 35, 30, 31, 46, 47). valve spindle (2) and likewise DK 173452 B1 'are discharged from the plate {4) through one or more refrigerant passage passages (28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47) in the spindle (2), characterized by the fact that the refrigerant in the individual refrigerant passage (28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47) 5. The spindle (2) alternately flows to and from the plate (4).

Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the valve (1) has open chambers (16, 17, 50, 51, 52, 53) open to the spindle (2) which have a limited extension in the circumference of the spindle (2). a direction in which the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) of the spindle wall (2) in the circumferential direction of the spindle wall (28, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47) the spindle (2), and the refrigerant is supplied to the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) from one or more of the chambers, and also discharged from the openings to one or more of the chambers (16, Ϊ7, 50, 51, 52, 53), causing the openings (23, 24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57) to pass past the chambers (16, 17, 50, 51, 52, 53) by rotation of the spindle (2).