CN102791966A

CN102791966A - Valve assembly

Info

Publication number: CN102791966A
Application number: CN2011800134161A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·K·彼德森; H·H·约根森
Original assignee: MAN Diesel and Turbo Filial af MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
Current assignee: MAN Energy Solutions Filial af MAN Energy Solutions SE
Priority date: 2010-03-11
Filing date: 2011-03-03
Publication date: 2012-11-21
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-03
Also published as: KR101384086B1; JP2013522513A; JP5688667B2; CN102791966B; DE102010011070A1; DE102010011070B4; WO2011110308A3; WO2011110308A2; KR20120136390A

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve assembly, comprising a valve (4) which is associated with a gas conduit (8), has a valve disc (6) and a valve stem (7) supporting said valve disc and is provided with a cooling device. In said valve assembly, a simple design, high functional reliability and a good energy balance can be achieved by using a gaseous cooling medium or a cooling medium which consists at least partially of components that can be converted into a gaseous state. The cooling medium is discharged as gas into a gas conduit (8) via at least one outlet chamber (17), and for this purpose each discharge duct (19) originating from the outlet chamber (17) opens into a gas conduit (8).

Description

Valve gear

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of valve gear; Comprise that one is particularly valve valve stem, that be provided with a cooling unit gas channel configuration, that have a valve top and this valve top of supporting of large two-stroke diesel engine of motor; Wherein cooling unit has at least one and can apply flow path cooling medium, that in valve, extend; Said flow path is communicated with and is communicated with by the chamber of draining that valve stem defines with at least one with the supply chamber of the cooling medium supplied with that at least one is defined by valve stem, from drain the chamber pass-out at least one get rid of pipeline.Other theme relates to a kind of valve housing, a kind of valve and a kind of guide pin bushing and a kind of motor with valve gear of the above-mentioned type that is used for the valve gear of the above-mentioned type.

Background technique

For example by the device of the known a kind of the above-mentioned type of DK 173 452B1.Be applied in cooling water at this cooling unit, cooling water is told and is re-entered wherein from the cooling water circulation of an engine side.Leak for fear of cooling water, this relatively valve stem seal supply chamber reliably and drain the chamber, the expense that these needs are high.Set out thus in addition, the Sealing towards gas channel of bottom receives high heat load in exhaust valve device at least, and this exerts an influence to the life-span unfriendly.Add that cooling water and tight Sealing possibly destroy the lubricating film that on valve stem, produces, this possibly cause the lost of life of overall apparatus equally.

Another shortcoming of known devices is, the heat of being taken away by cooling water has been lost and must in cooling unit, have been destroyed, and this possibly influence the total efficiency of the motor that is equipped with known devices unfriendly.One similarly by DE 102 49 941B4 known devices in, take away too many heat though attempted to stop with the mode of interrupting cooling water flow by beat.But this causes the structure expense that improves, and does not avoid other shortcoming of mentioned kind type.

Though obtain a kind of air-cooled exhaust valve for the four stroke engine configuration by JP 54-10840.But air is not sent back to and is drained chamber and removing therefrom.Or rather, the valve top is provided with some holes downward or that in the zone of valve seat, outwards open wide, blows out the cooling air of consumption via these holes.The hole of top side must cause the significant weakening of valve, and it must compensate through other reinforcement, and this improves the expense of structure.Dangerous in this external this known devices is that the air that in the zone of valve seat, blows out possibly get in the active chamber when valve is opened or hinder waste gas to drain.

Summary of the invention

Therefore setting out thus the objective of the invention is, and improves a kind of device that starts said type like this, so that not only reaches a kind of simple structural type and cooling action reliably, and also avoids energy loss simultaneously to the full extent.

According to the present invention; This purpose reaches like this, and cooling medium and the cooling medium that the flow path that in valve, extends of cooling unit is applied in a kind of gaseous state drained the chamber and got rid of the adjacent rows that pipeline can import scavenge duct and remove in the zone of pipeline via at least one.Correspondingly the eliminating pipeline of each setting all leads in the gas channel in the zone away from valve seat on a top with it.The valve housing that passes through the space that is used for valve with a gas channel and a setting in the zone on upper channel border is characterised in that, between through space and scavenge duct, at least one flow path is set.Be characterised in that according to valve of the present invention, it be applicable to apply a kind of gaseous state or the medium of part gaseous state, particularly cooling air at least.

Notion " cooling medium of gaseous state " here should be understood like this; Be cooling medium at first or generally can be gaseous state or also can also additionally comprise the component that can change into gaseous state therein, or even can form by this type component fully.Cooling medium with it correspondingly at first at least part be gaseous state and/or comprise that at least part can change into the component of gaseous state.Normally comprise the scheme of the cooling medium of gaseous state generally at this.Under any circumstance it all is a gaseous state when cooling medium gets into gas channel.

Use a kind of on above-mentioned meaning the cooling medium of gaseous state can be in an advantageous manner remove cooling medium via gas channel, gas channel can relate to the scavenge duct of any kind, thereby can abandon the removing device of oneself, this form that simplifies the structure.Obtain another advantage at the same time, promptly can not lose the heat that is held by cooling medium, but it is supplied to the mass flow rate that flows through gas channel, it can be used for drive train, like exhaust turbine etc.The upper area that cooled gas is imported to gas channel guarantees that also the cooled gas that gas exchange process can not imported disturbs.Can find out that another very special advantage is; The small leakage of the cooling medium of gaseous state is harmless; Thereby can abandon at valve stem and be the sealing of the strictness of the relative gas channel in gap between the guide pin bushing of its configuration; This is the simplified structure form not only, but also has protected lubricating film and with it correspondingly also advantageously to exerting an influence entire life.This advantage also is able to strengthen like this, promptly applies in the zone of abutting gas passage that each chamber cooled gas, that defined by valve stem can be in a guide pin bushing that disposes for valve stem, protects its above it guiding area from here whereby.Set out thus in addition, automatically clean said flow path and keep it unlimited with cooled gas in the leakage-gap inflow gas passage in case of necessity via getting rid of pipeline.This automatically cleaning effect is guaranteed high functional reliability.

The favourable form of implementation of above-mentioned measure is explained with meeting in all dependent claims of further being formed in of purpose.

What meet purpose is that the present invention is applied with an exhaust valve for the exhaust passage configuration relevantly, above-mentioned here each advantage quilt acquisition particularly well.

Another favourable measure can be, the port of getting rid of pipeline is along in gas channel, leading to the gas channel and point to the direction of gas flow from the catadromous gas flow direction of valve.Port this leeward that gets rid of pipeline is provided with prevention, and products of combustion possibly easily get into from gas channel to be got rid of in the pipeline.Reach certain pumping action in addition in this case, this helps cooled gas to pass through flowing in the passage of cooling unit at it.

What meet purpose is, supply chamber with drain the chamber on the circumference of valve stem against each other dislocation ground be provided with.Can be advantageously provided on same level in these these chambers, this guarantees a kind of compact structure form.

What meet purpose is, the stroke that supply chamber and the height of draining the chamber equal valve at least adds the net axial width of import or export of the flow path of valve side.Guarantee whereby, can flow through said flow path by cooling medium constantly and do not interrupt.

Another favourable measure can be that valve is rotatable around its axis by the single-revolution device, and the import of the flow path of valve side is provided with like this with outlet, thus at least respectively import and outlet with a supply chamber or drain the chamber and be communicated with.The rotation of valve cause in an advantageous manner suction side and outlet side then with the exchange of hot side and cold side, thereby in valve, produce the temperature of appropriateness.

What meet purpose is, at least one supply chamber with at least one drain the chamber about the valve axis each other relatively preferably each other in the diametrically opposite setting, wherein drain the chamber and can be advantageously provided on that side of the outlet of gas channel.This is convenient to reach above-mentioned advantage.

Another measure that meets purpose can be, on the circumference of valve stem against each other the supply chamber of dislocation with drain the chamber and be separated from each other through some partitions, its width equals import and the clear width of outlet of the flow path of valve side at least.Can avoid short-circuit flow in such a way.

Advantageously, valve top can have at least one around the annular pass, it is connected with the preceding stream branch road of at least one configuration of the flow path of valve side and the backflow branch road of at least one configuration respectively via some branches.Obtain a kind of regional reliable heat radiation of valve whereby from receiving strong especially heat load.

According to a kind of preferred especially further formation of the present invention, air is used as cooled gas, what meet purpose is that air can be told from one for the supplier of engine configurations.This supplier generally comprises a compressor and a cooler that is arranged on thereafter, and what wherein meet purpose is that air goes downstream from compressor and preferably between compressor and cooler, tells.Air compressed has high density and high flow velocity in an advantageous manner, and this produces favourable influence to cooling action.As long as before cooling, tell air, then also expect higher water content, this further supports cooling action.Cooling even without air generally also produces enough temperature difference with respect to EGT.Valve generally suffers this EGT.

Advantageously; Constitute according to the material blends of preferred each element of at least one element of valve gear of the present invention by a kind of preferable alloy; This material blends has some simple substance again, wherein that the related element of at least one spectral distribution that is write down identification valve gear of the pure component of these simple substance or the material blends of those elements.This can form the criterion of the later configuration of confirming each element.In order to support this advantage; Can add or alternatively preferably the preferred mark that can read from the outside under assembled state is being set on each element on according at least one element of valve gear of the present invention; Draw a kind of classification of related element/each element according to parameter as tolerance of size, installed date and/or setting life-span etc. by this mark; Wherein mark can be arranged on one especially and not contact on the memory module that the preferred electron that can read can read, for example on RFID chip.These measures can realize a kind of simple especially check and not only simplify maintenance and/or maintenance thus and under situation mostly also simplifications need Licensing Methods.

The favourable form of implementation of other of above-mentioned measure with meet further being formed in each remaining dependent claims explanation and can learning in more detail of purpose from following case description by accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

In the accompanying drawing of following description:

Fig. 1 has the sectional drawing of upper area of cylinder of the exhaust valve of the exhaust valve housing loaded onto and configuration;

The sectional drawing of the lower area of Fig. 2 exhaust valve with

Fig. 3-6 is used for a plurality of instances of the supply chamber and the setting of the flow path that is arranged on the valve side of draining the chamber and being communicated with it.

Embodiment

Main application fields of the present invention is the particularly exhaust valve device of large two-stroke diesel engine of large-sized two-stroke motor, is used for navigation driving etc. like them.Such motor generally has the suction port that is used for new combustion gas in the lower area that is arranged on each cylinder and is separately positioned on the outlet port at center in the cylinder head of each cylinder, is valve of this outlet port configuration.The exhaust valve that here is arranged in the upper cylinder zone receives strong especially heat load, thereby cooling meets purpose.

Define an active chamber 2 at the cylinder shown in Fig. 11, this active chamber in its unshowned lower area via being applied scavenging gas by the controllable suction port of same unshowned piston and its coboundary comprises an outlet port 3.For one of this outlet port configuration constitute poppet valve below be referred to as the exhaust valve of valve 4, it has one and pushes up 6 and one by its valve stem that makes progress away 7 with the valve seat that surrounds outlet port 5 coefficient valves.A gas channel bending, 7 that pass by valve stem, that be referred to as scavenge duct 8 in the following description is connected on this outlet port 3, and gas channel plays the exhaust passage effect here.A valve housing 10 that is valve 4 disposes is installed on the cylinder head 9 of the coboundary that constitutes active chamber 2, and crooked scavenge duct 8 is integrated in the valve housing and valve 4 guides at the enterprising row of valve housing with valve stem 7.For this reason valve housing 10 be provided with in the zone of a coboundary that is arranged on scavenge duct 8, roughly be concentric with that outlet port 3 is provided with pass through space 11; A guide pin bushing 12 that is passed by valve stem 7 is inserted into this through in the space, and the underpart of guide pin bushing extends to scavenge duct 8 always.In order to handle the valve 4 that constitutes poppet valve, can be provided with one and be installed to Effector on the valve housing 10, that be not shown in further detail here.Valve housing 10 is referred to as the ventilation door device together with valve below 4.The structure of shown air interchanger is exemplary naturally.Certainly each parts also can have different shapes and/or position or more or less integrated each other, thereby mutual supporting surface has different variations with the border and/or different positions maybe can fully phase out.

Valve 4 is provided with a cooling unit, and is 6 overheated so that the prevention valve pushes up.That extend in valve 4, that in Fig. 1, represent through flow arrow, as to form a cooling circuit flow path 13 is set for this reason, and it can apply a kind of cooling medium.The supply chamber 15 that this flow path 13 constitutes the space of guide pin bushing 12 via at least one radial inlet 14 that is arranged on the valve side and at least one on the one hand is communicated with and is arranged on radially exporting of valve side via at least one on the other hand and 16 is communicated with at least one chamber 17 of draining that constitutes the space of guide pin bushing 12 equally.Radially outer defines through the wall that passes through space 11 that holds guide pin bushing 12 supply chamber 15 in the example shown through valve stem 7 with draining chamber 17 inner radial.But the multi-form of

chamber

15,17 also is possible, wherein said each chamber only to inner radial open wide and on opposed that side the material through guide pin bushing 12 define.For example adjoin each other in this case through some, each other amalgamation, be worked into said each chamber of axial bore formation in guide pin bushing 12 or the own sleeve.They meet the destination and constitute blind hole; They seal in that side that it opens wide; Wherein in a kind of form of implementation with two sleeves, that is automatically seal each blind hole with a guide pin bushing weak point, that be only limited to guiding area and a sleeve that dock with it, that comprise some blind holes.

The zone in abutting connection with scavenge duct 8 of the bottom of guide pin bushing 12 comprises supply chamber and

drains chamber

15,17 and therefore be the cooling unit configuration.Guide pin bushing 12 therefore be in the top, comprise the guiding of valve stem 7 and the sealing of guiding clearance away from the zone of scavenge duct 8.Seal arrangement under normal circumstances is not set in above-mentioned lower area in the example shown.But the device that scrapes off that some are not shown in further detail, that surround valve stem 7 can be set naturally, here in the lower end region of guide pin bushing 12 so that stop dirty grain to get in the gap between valve stem 7 and guide pin bushing 12.

Supply chamber 15 can be supplied with cooling medium via the service 18 that at least one constitutes the hole system that is arranged in the valve housing 10.Service 10 is connected on cooling medium suitable, that here the be not shown in further detail source for this reason.At least one is got rid of pipeline 19 and comes out from draining chamber 17.Supply chamber with

drain chamber

15,17 dislocation setting against each other on the circumference of valve stem 7, what meet purpose is on diameter, to be provided with opposed to each other.The interface that plays import and

outlet

14 or 17 effects of the same flow path that is applicable to the valve side 13.At this advantageously, drain chamber 17 valve 4 on that side of the upper end portion of scavenge duct 8 8a.

According to the present invention, be applied in a kind of cooling medium of gaseous state for the cooling unit of valve 4 configurations." gaseous state " here should be understood like this, promptly freezing mixture have a kind of gaseous state state of aggregation or can be fully or comprise the for example transpirable component that can change into gaseous state at least in part and be eliminated and can import scavenge ducts 8 via getting rid of pipeline 19 for this reason as gas.Get rid of pipeline 19 corresponding with it constitute simply from the underpart of draining chamber 17 pass-out, lead to the bleed hole in the scavenge duct 8, it passes defining through the wall in space 11 and correspondingly form with it and defining the flow path between space 11 and the scavenge duct 8 that passes through of draining chamber 17 of valve housing 10.The port that must draw the exhaust passage side in drain road 19 thus is the position maximum curvature radius configuration, in the zone of channel end 8a of the scavenge duct 8 of bending at one.

What meet purpose is that air is used as cooling medium.It can particularly be told the scavenging supplier from one for the air feeder of engine configurations.The scavenging supplier generally comprises one through the drivable compressor with rearmounted cooler of waste gas.What meet purpose is, the air that is used as cooling medium goes downstream and tells from compressor, and high pressure has high density then and because high pressure also has high flow velocity thereby the cooling air that uses has.Advantageously, at compressor and be arranged in the zone between the cooler thereafter and extract air, just still before cooling off.Uncooled air comprises many moistures at this, and this improves cooling action, causes thus simultaneously, and the temperature of uncooled air also is lower than EGT, thereby produces one for fully cooling off valve 4 needed temperature differences.

Advantageously, the port of channel side of getting rid of pipeline 19 is about valve 4 leeward settings, that is said port is provided with going downstream and points to flow direction about the exhaust-gas flow in scavenge duct 8 from valve 4, that is towards the upper end portion 8a there of scavenge duct 8.

The flow path 13 that in valve 4, extends have one regional and with the preceding stream of 13a mark in Fig. 2 with the recirculation zone of 13b mark.Be provided with in addition one in valve top 6 around circulating line 20, it is connected with recirculation zone 13b with the regional 13a of preceding stream through some branches 21.Before the regional 13a of stream be connected with supply chamber 15 via import 14 and recirculation zone 13b via export 16 with drain chamber 17 and be connected.Through the rotation of valve 4, can change the transposition of import 14 and outlet 16, thereby draw function exchange like this, otherwise so that the interface that before plays the outlet effect play now the import effect or.Also realize flowing through the switching-over of flow direction of the cooling medium of flow path 13 in contrast.Reach thus, two regional 13a of flow path 13, the interface of 13b drain chamber 17 by what beat transformed to cold supply chamber 15 or heat, and this causes a kind of good temperature balance in whole valve 4.For rotary valve 4, a swivel gear 22 is set, it constitutes through the blade radially that is installed on the bar 7 in the example shown, and the waste gas that flows through scavenge duct 8 flows through from these blade next doors.But also can imagine, the swivel gear of a machinery is set in the zone of valve operation device.

In order to form flow path 13, that kind as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, valve 4 is provided with a center hole 23 of making from valve top 6 over there, and it is divided into a plurality of zones through one or more dividing plates 24.As can finding out from Fig. 2, the hole 23 of over there making from valve top 6 inserts 25 through a welding in the zone of its underpart seals.The upper end portion in hole 23 is in the zone of import or

export

14 or 16 at least, preferably a little above it.In the example according to Fig. 2, circulating line 20 also constitutes the space from following manufacturing, and it is afterwards through inserts 26 sealings from the annular of following welding.

In pressing the form of implementation of Fig. 3, it is semicircular zone that hole 23 is divided into two cross sections side by side through a dividing plate 24, and they play the preceding stream zone or the recirculation zone effect of flow path 13.Be connection space radially of each area configurations, they play import 14 or export 16 effects.Two chambers of defining through the inwall that comprises the housing cover through space 11 through valve stem 7 and radially outer of the inner radial of 180 ° of dislocations against each other here are set outside valve stem 7; One of them plays 15 effects of the supply chamber that is connected with service 18 and another plays and drains chamber 17 effects, from the said eliminating pipeline 19 of pass-out wherein.Two

chambers

15,17 are separated from each other through some partitions 27, and its thickness has equaled import 14 at least or exported the clear width of the wall port of 16 effects, thereby avoids 15 short-circuit flow to chamber 17 from the chamber.

In pressing the form of implementation of Fig. 4; Two cross one another dividing plates 24 are set; Thereby will be divided into four flow regions through the cavity that hole 23 forms; As the mark 13 through being provided with in pairs ', 13 " the expression, they be that the regional 13a of preceding stream or the recirculation zone 13b of flow path 13 disposes in couples.Each of four flow regions that constitute through two dividing plates 24 all is provided with one and plays import 14 or export 16 interfaces that act on.Correspondingly in pressing the form of implementation of Fig. 4, have two imports 14 and two outlets 16 with it, they are drained the chamber that chamber 17 acts on and are communicated with playing supply chamber 15 or play in couples respectively.

In pressing the form of implementation of Fig. 4, as stated, on the circumference of valve stem 7, be provided with two opposed each other on diameter, play supply chamber 15 or drain the chamber of chamber 17 effect.The circumference spacing of two chambers equals to form the circumference spacing of the port of import or

export

14,16 at the most, thereby under valve turns around situation, always opens an import 14 and an outlet 16.Be accordingly with it; Separately the thickness of each partition 27 of two chambers does not allow to exceed the circumference spacing of the wall port that forms import or

export

14,16; Two play supply chamber or

drain chamber

15,17 effect the chamber equal per two in succession circumference spacings that play the wall port that import or export 14,16 acts on circumference at least in the prolongation on the circumference; Thereby guarantee, during closing a port, always open the port that another exercises identical function fully respectively.

Form of implementation by Fig. 5 meets the form of implementation by Fig. 4 basically.But different with it is; Here be not be provided with two on the circumference on diameter the each other opposed chamber of playing supply chamber or draining

chamber

15,17 effects; But four equally distributed chambers on the circumference of valve stem 7 are set, they play supply chamber 15 respectively in couples and drain chamber 17 effects.Certainly also can imagine, hole 23 is subdivided into more than four flow regions and/or on the circumference of valve stem 7, also is provided with more than four chambers.For supply chamber or drain each service of

chamber

15,17 configuration and get rid of

pipeline

18,19 in the example shown about the accurately radial location of axis of valve stem 7.But also can imagine different extensions certainly.Like this can be for example two eliminating pipelines 19 have one against each other at an angle or the location of almost parallel and like this, two eliminating pipelines 19 can lead in the scavenge duct along the directed direction that goes downstream about the flow direction in scavenge duct 8.

In pressing the form of implementation of Fig. 6, two mutual opposed chambers on diameter are set once more, one of which plays supply chamber 15 effects and one and plays and drain chamber 17 and act on.From the center hole 23 of valve stem 7, outwards draw a plurality of, here be three radial wall ports that lead to

chamber

15 or 17 that are evenly distributed on the circumference, they can play import 14 or export 16 effects.Each the wall port that plays import or export 14 or 16 effects meets the destination and is provided with like this, so that in hole 23, produces a kind of eddy flow with the flow region that descends and rise of rotation.Appropriate tilt through relative opening axis and/or radial direction can also help this point.The cavity that forms through hole 23 does not need inner segmentation at this.A center-pole 28 only is set in the example shown, and it can be supported to constitute a kind of rotation and flow.

Here the motor of current type like large two-stroke diesel engine, is used under newly formed member or the component sets situation through being everlasting during fabrication and is accomplished.But comparing what also have advantage with brand-new manufacturing is to set, the available part/zone of component sets of using the new remainder of different component group and reusing other aspects wearing and tearing of compatible structure form.Therefore by the mode with helping environmental protection of very economical realize according to valve gear of the present invention or comprise this valve gear component sets or even the manufacturing/maintenance of whole motor because not only utilized the achievement of the former effort that has expended but also utilized material.Reduced simultaneously the use of waste material and new raw material thus.

But the danger in this existence is, some members like the valve housing etc., are processed with actual in appearance similarly version in batch, they with naked eyes based on its profile or can only difficulty ground and can not distinguish effectively/discern with simple method of measurement.Therefore reporting errors is selected unaccommodatedly therewith according to the danger that exhaust valve of the present invention showed, and it causes in assembling after a while according to the motor of the present invention functional defect in the large two-stroke diesel engine particularly.Between maintenance period, possibly cause emergency repair unexpected and that expend thus.Therefore with because for proof is on a grand scale according to the part that member of the present invention possibly need, so such member is preferably carried out mark in different occasions with recognition data easily, these data fit destinations can be read non-contiguously.A RFID chip preferably can be set, be stored as above that clearly and confirm/component sets of identification or one of which partial data.Also can imagine dissimilar marks.

In at least one mark of important components, preferably hold the data that other being used to confirms member, what belong to this preferably also should comprise manufacturing, permission (IMO), passing data and the use or the service data in future possible or plan.

In an exhaust valve, at least one mark preferably be in said valve with respect to the whole axial length of the end on valve top 3/4ths within.Guarantee that thus this mark (the responsive electronic equipment of a common relatively-high temperature degree) keeps a position at least, it can not be eliminated or destroy by awfully hot waste gas in this position, and said waste gas comes out from the firing chamber when exhaust valve is opened.Therefore this mark can expose like this, so that utilizes discontiguous device can read this mark via the firing chamber of this exhaust valve.Read usually before the motor entry into service/realize during entry into service, so that data/parameter is provided to the control system of motor.But, utilize discontiguous device to read such mark so that detect at least one parts such as the data of one of them said exhaust valve or connected parts, also can between on-stream period, implement according to large-scale diesel engine of the present invention.Personnel thus, for example IMO's or a tame marine hull insurance company inspector can verify the exhaust valve of installation etc., so that allow the continuation operation of motor.The data of this permission can be read in the mark simultaneously, and therefore shutting engine down.

Another adds or alternative adoptable identifying method can be, adds that the material that can discern easily serves as a mark.A kind of material blends is used for related member or an one of which section at least, this material blends has some material different components for this reason.So can use the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of a kind of combination of each pure component and/or other components, it is detectable as the combination of the low concentration separately of each pure metal or other pure material, so that discern related member.From reliability reasons, then can a member with different combinations CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION be return the original place as " NO ", because its material possibly not have desired characteristic.

Though below clear in more detail each preferred embodiment of the present invention should not related to a kind of restriction thus.Or rather, for the technician provides a series of possibility, so that make the situation that is adapted to special circumstances based on conception of the present invention.So for example also can imagine, in valve stem 7, replace or be additional to segmentation through 24 pairs of holes 23 of one or more dividing plates, the passage that some for example exist with the form in each hole is set to form branch road 13a, the 13b of flow path 13.Can imagine equally, replace the service of each mark or get rid of

pipeline

18,19, the subtube of two or more adjacency is set, so that in it leads to the zone of port of scavenge duct, make the orientation of requirement become easy.This is applicable to all instances by Fig. 3-6.The cross section that replaces said

chamber

15,17 in addition is fan-shaped configuration, also can be provided with one of said each chamber through some simple holes or the form of implementation that constitutes of the hole through some mutual amalgamations that adjoin each other as stated.This also is applicable to the instance shown in all.

Claims

1. valve gear; Comprise that one is particularly valve valve stem (7), that be provided with a cooling unit (a 4) gas channel (8) configuration, that have a valve top (6) and this valve top of supporting of large two-stroke diesel engine of motor; Wherein cooling unit has at least one and can apply flow path cooling medium, that in valve (4), extend; Said flow path is communicated with and is communicated with by the chamber (17) of draining that valve stem (7) defines with at least one with the supply chamber (15) of the cooling medium supplied with that at least one is defined by valve stem (7); At least one eliminating pipeline (19) of pass-out from drain the chamber; It is characterized in that; Impose on cooling unit the flow path (13) that in valve (4), extends cooling medium at least part be gaseous state and/or comprise the component that can change into gaseous state at least in part, and this cooling medium is drained chamber (17) via at least one and is drained in the zone of chamber (17) as the adjacency that gas can import gas channel (8) with eliminating pipeline (19).

2. according to the described valve gear of claim 1, it is characterized in that valve (4) constitutes exhaust valve, this exhaust valve is an exhaust passage configuration that forms scavenge duct (8).

3. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear, it is characterized in that the port of getting rid of the channel side of pipeline (19) points to the direction of gas flow in gas channel (8).

4. one of require described valve gear according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, the port of getting rid of pipeline (19) along in gas channel (8) from valve (4) to the catadromous gas flow direction setting of gas channel (8).

5. one of require described valve gear according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that gas channel constitutes bend pipe, and the port of getting rid of pipeline (19) is arranged in the zone of maximum curvature radius of bend pipe.

6. one of require described valve gear according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, supply chamber with drain chamber (15,17) and be arranged on the circumference of valve stem (7).

7. one of require described valve gear according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, supply chamber with drain chamber (15,17) and be arranged on the same level.

8. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear; It is characterized in that the stroke that supply chamber and the height of draining chamber (15,17) equal valve (4) at least adds the clean axial width of an import or export (14,16) of the flow path (13) of valve side.

9. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear; It is characterized in that; Valve (4) is rotatable around its axis by a swivel gear (22); And the import of the flow path of valve side (13) and outlet (14,16) are provided with like this, thus at least respectively an import (14) and an outlet (16) with a supply chamber (15) or drain chamber (17) and be communicated with.

10. one of require described valve gear according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, at least one supply chamber (15) and at least one drain chamber (17) about the valve axis each other in the diametrically opposite setting.

11. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear; It is characterized in that; On the circumference of valve stem (7) against each other the supply chamber of dislocation setting with drain chamber (15,17) and be separated from each other through some partitions (27), the thickness that stops of partition equals the clean horizontal width of an import or export (14,16) of the flow path of valve side (13) at least.

12., it is characterized in that the flow path of valve side (13) flows zone (13a) and at least one recirculation zone (13b) before having at least one according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear.

13., it is characterized in that stream zone (13a) and recirculation zone (13b) have a plurality of flow regions before each according to the described valve gear of claim 12.

14. one of require described valve gear according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, valve top (6) be provided with one around annular pass (20), this annular pass is connected with recirculation zone (13b) with preceding stream regional (13a) via some branches (21).

15. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear; It is characterized in that; Be valve stem (a 7) configuration guide pin bushing (12), this guide pin bushing have one away from the top guiding area of gas channel (8) and an abutting gas passage (8), comprise supply chamber and drain the zone of chamber (15,17).

16. according to the described valve gear of claim 15, it is characterized in that, valve stem (7) only supply chamber with drain guide pin bushing (12) sealing relatively of top, chamber (15,17).

17., it is characterized in that air is used as cooling medium according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear.

18., it is characterized in that the air that is used as cooling medium is from a flow path (13) of telling and can supply with via service (18) the valve side for the air feeder of engine configurations according to the described valve gear of claim 17.

19. according to claim 17 or 18 described valve gears; It is characterized in that; Be arranged on the cooler after the compressor for the air feeder of engine configurations has at least one compressor with at least one, and the air that can supply with the flow path (13) of valve side goes downstream and tells from compressor.

20., it is characterized in that air is told according to the described valve gear of claim 19 between compressor and cooler.

21. be used for valve housing according to the described valve gear of one of claim 1 to 20; This valve housing have a gas channel (8) and one be arranged in the zone of coboundary of gas channel (8) be used for valve (4) pass through wherein between through space (11) and gas channel (8), at least one flow path (eliminating pipeline 19) is set in space (11).

22. according to the described valve housing of claim 21; It is characterized in that; The chamber that some radially inwardly open wide is set in the zone through space (11); Be used to form a supply chamber (15) and drain chamber (17), wherein from least one chamber wherein pass-out at least one lead to the flow path (getting rid of pipeline 19) of gas channel (8).

23., it is characterized in that the material that at least a portion of the boundary wall of each chamber of radially inwardly opening wide (supply chamber 15, drain chamber 17) belongs to valve housing and the basis through becoming this valve housing forms according to claim 21 or 22 described valve housings.

24. according to the described valve housing of one of claim 21 to 23; It is characterized in that; About supply chamber (15) with drain chamber (17) guiding device that some are used for the axial dislocation of valve stem is set, these guiding devices are preferably the ferrule configuration of a chamber of sealing each adjacency (supply chamber 15, drain chamber 17) in through the zone of space (11).

25. according to the described valve housing of one of claim 21-24; It is characterized in that; A guide pin bushing (12) is inserted into through in space (11); This guide pin bushing is provided with radially each chamber (supply chamber 15 is drained chamber 17) of inwardly opening wide at least below guiding area, wherein from least one chamber pass-out at least one lead to the flow path (getting rid of pipeline 19) of gas channel (8).

26., it is characterized in that the port of flow path (get rid of pipeline 19) that leads to gas channel (8) is about passing through the leeward setting in space (11) for valve (4) configuration according to the described valve housing of one of claim 21-25.

27. be used for valve according to the described valve gear of one of claim 1 to 20; Said valve is provided with a cooling unit; It is characterized in that; Cooling unit is applicable to and applies cooling medium a kind of gaseous state of part at least and/or that comprise the component that can change into gaseous state at least in part, preferred cooling air.

28. according to the described valve of claim 27; Said valve is provided with one and has the flow path that flows a zone (13a) and a recirculation zone (13b) before; It is characterized in that stream zone (13a) or recirculation zone (13b) effect before intermittently play at least one zone of run duration flow path.

29., it is characterized in that said valve constitutes exhaust valve according to the described valve in one of claim 27 or 28.

30., it is characterized in that said valve is provided with a swivel gear (22) that preferably constitutes through the radial blade that is installed on the valve stem (7) according to the described valve of one of claim 27-29.

31., it is characterized in that said valve has flow path (13) that comprises at least one preceding stream zone (13a) and at least one recirculation zone (13b) of portion's extension within it according to the described valve of one of claim 27-30.

32., it is characterized in that at least a portion of preceding stream zone (13a) and/or recirculation zone (13b) constitutes multichannel according to the described valve of claim 31.

33. according to the described valve in one of claim 1 or 32; It is characterized in that; The valve of said valve top (6) be provided with one around annular pass (20), this annular pass is connected with recirculation zone (13b) with preceding stream regional (13a) via some branches (21).

34. according to the described valve of one of claim 31-33, it is characterized in that, the import of the flow path of valve side (13) and outlet (14,16) be arranged on of valve stem (7) be applicable to the coefficient zone of a sleeve (guide pin bushing 12) in.

35., it is characterized in that the import of the flow path of valve side (13) and outlet (14,16) are arranged on the below with a coefficient zone of guide pin bushing that is applicable to that of valve stem (7) is provided with guide surface according to the described valve of claim 34.

36. be used for guide pin bushing according to the valve housing of one of claim 1-20 described valve gear; It is characterized in that; Said guide pin bushing has a guiding area for valve stem (7) configuration, and this guiding area is arranged on the top of each chamber of radially inwardly opening wide (supply chamber 15, drain chamber 17).

37., it is characterized in that each chamber of radially inwardly opening wide (supply chamber 15, drain chamber 17) is integrated in the guide pin bushing according to the described guide pin bushing of claim 36.

38., it is characterized in that said guide pin bushing has the end of each chamber that an enclosed radical inwardly opens wide (supply chamber 15, drain chamber 17) according to the described guide pin bushing of claim 36.

39., it is characterized in that each chamber of radially inwardly opening wide (supply chamber 15, drain chamber 17) constitutes through the axial bore of each mutual amalgamation according to the described guide pin bushing of one of claim 36-38.

40. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described valve gear and/or valve housing and/or valve and/or guide pin bushing; It is characterized in that; Preferred each element of at least one element of valve gear is made up of a kind of material blends of preferable alloy; This material blends has some simple substance, and wherein at least one spectral distribution that is write down of the pure component of these simple substance is discerned the material blends of the element that relates to.

41. according to the described valve gear of one of claim 1-40 and/or valve housing and/or valve and/or guide pin bushing; It is characterized in that; Preferred each element of at least one element has the mark that under assembled state, preferably can read from the outside; Drawn a kind ofly according to like installed date and/or set the classification of the parameter the life-span by this mark, wherein mark is arranged on one especially and does not contact on the memory module that the preferred electron that can read can read, and preferably is arranged on the RFID chip.

42. big-block engine; Large two-stroke diesel engine particularly; Comprise that at least one passes through the firing chamber of a mutual pistons delimit (2); At least one gas channel (8) is connected on the firing chamber, it is characterized in that, for one of gas channel (8) configuration according to claim 1-20 and 40,41 at least one described valve gear.

43. according to the described big-block engine of claim 42; It is characterized in that; One with the motor of crossing that comprises at least one existing valve gear in, utilize one to replace said existing valve gear according to claim 1-20 and 40, one of 41 described valve gears.

44. according to claim 42 or 43 described big-block engine one of at least; It is characterized in that; Preferred at least one valve (4) of at least one element has the mark that under assembled state, preferably can read from the outside; Drawn a kind ofly according to like installed date and/or set the classification of the parameter the life-span by this mark, wherein mark is arranged on one especially and does not contact on the memory module that the preferred electron that can read can read, and preferably is arranged on the RFID chip.

45. according to the described big-block engine of claim 44, it is characterized in that mark constitutes like this and is provided with, so that the said run duration that is marked at can read.