JP2013513927A - 電気化学リアクタおよび前記リアクタに一体化された活性層 - Google Patents
電気化学リアクタおよび前記リアクタに一体化された活性層 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 101000575041 Homo sapiens Male-enhanced antigen 1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100025532 Male-enhanced antigen 1 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 102100021904 Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010083204 Proton Pumps Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000003184 C60 fullerene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021387 carbon allotrope Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
・金属内包フラーレン、すなわち金属が化学結合を介してフラーレンと結合されるか、または炭素ケージの中に配置される場合。
・フラーレン上に堆積された金属触媒、例えばPinheiroら(J.New.Mat.Electrochem.Systems 6(2003)1−8)による論文に記載されるような、従来カーボンブラックで行われていたようなもの。
・炭素電子伝導体、とりわけカーボンブラックが金属内包フラーレンと混合される。
・炭素電子伝導体、とりわけカーボンブラックが、有利にはPinheiroら(J.New.Mat.Electrochem.Systems 6(2003)1−8)による論文に記載されるような化学的還元によって、触媒が既に堆積されているフラーレンと混合される。
・炭素粒子を前記ポリマーを含む溶液と混合する段階
・ポリマー溶液に存在する溶媒を蒸発させる段階
・有利にはカーボンブラックおよびフラーレンである、炭素担体を含むインクを調製する段階
・金属触媒粒子を堆積する段階
・電気化学リアクタの電気化学的性能の改善
・そのようなリアクタのカソードで起こる炭素触媒担体、特にカーボンブラック上の腐食現象の低減
・担体としての、フラーレンではない炭素電子伝導体
・1つ以上の金属およびフラーレンでできた触媒系
本発明は酸性PEFC燃料電池に関連してさらに説明される。
ドープされたフラーレンおよびカーボンブラックの粉末の混合物は、ドープされたフラーレン単独、またはカーボンブラック担持金属と同様にインクに分散された。インクは、以下の物質を20mgの混合物に添加することによって製造された。
・脱イオン水200μl
・イソプロピルアルコール600μl
・濃度5質量%のナフィオン(登録商標)溶液172mg
第1実施形態は、25%のカーボンブラックと混合されたPt4C60金属内包フラーレン(C60フラーレン分子に結合された4個の白金原子でできた化合物)を使用する。
第2実施形態は、各々25%および75%のカーボンブラックと混合されたPd10C60金属内包フラーレン(C60フラーレン分子に結合された10個のパラジウム原子でできた化合物)を使用する。図4に説明されるこれらの実験結果は、[パラジウム−フラーレン]純物質(カーボンブラック無しのPd10C60)で研究室において得られた結果と比較された。
第3実施形態は、Pinheiroら(J.New.Mat.Electrochem.Systems 6(2003)1−8)によって記述された手順に従う、フラーレン上の化学還元された白金を使用する。実際には、白金のナノ粒子は、白金20質量%まで、フラーレン凝集体上に堆積される。この触媒系は、25%のカーボンブラックと混合される。再度、2つの試験は、回転電極上で平行して実施された。対応する結果は、図5に与えられる。
電気化学的性質の向上は、担体としての他の炭素電子伝導体、すなわち
・炭素ナノファイバー
・グラファイト
・カーボンナノチューブ
に関しても有効である。
II−1 保護=ポリマー
PEMFC型燃料電池は、触媒として化学的還元によって堆積された白金(Pt)を直径2nmのナノ粒子の形態で有する、カーボンブラック中に2cm2活性表面を有するMEA1を含む。最終的なPtの担持は0.5mg/cm2である。
フラーレンによる炭素の保護は図7および8に示される。
・カーボンブラック+金属内包フラーレン(Pt−金属内包フラーレン)
・カーボンブラック+スルホン酸基(SO3 −)(プロトン親和性基(SO3 −官能化フラーレン))で官能化されたフラーレン
2 ポリマー膜
3、4 触媒層
5 アノード室
6 カソード室
7、8 ガス拡散層
Claims (11)
- 活性層を含む電気化学リアクタ、とりわけ燃料電池または電解槽であって、前記活性層が
・担体としての、フラーレンではない炭素電子伝導体
・1つ以上の金属およびフラーレンでできた触媒系(ただし、フラーレンはプロトン親和性基を持たない)
を含む電気化学リアクタ。 - フラーレンが非官能化フラーレンまたは金属内包フラーレンであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 触媒系が金属内包フラーレンでできていることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 1つ以上の金属がフラーレン上に堆積され触媒系を構成することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 1つ以上の金属が粒子の形態であり、有利にはナノメートルサイズであることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 1つ以上の金属が層の形態であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 炭素電子伝導体がカーボンブラックであることを特徴とする、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 炭素電子伝導体は、5から50質量%を占め、有利には20から30%であることを特徴とする、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 担体が触媒系と混合されることを特徴とする、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 担体が触媒系で完全にまたは部分的に覆われることを特徴とする、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
- 1つ以上の金属が白金(Pt)およびパラジウム(Pd)を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の電気化学リアクタ。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IBPCT/IB2009/055738 | 2009-12-14 | ||
IBPCT/IB2009/055735 | 2009-12-14 | ||
PCT/IB2009/055735 WO2011073723A1 (en) | 2009-12-14 | 2009-12-14 | Electrolytic apparatus including an active layer using fullerenes combined with a metal as a catalytic system |
PCT/IB2009/055738 WO2011073724A1 (en) | 2009-12-14 | 2009-12-14 | Electrochemical reactor and an active layer integrated into said reactor |
PCT/IB2010/055797 WO2011073897A1 (en) | 2009-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | Electrochemical reactor and active layer integrated into said reactor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2013513927A true JP2013513927A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
JP5676639B2 JP5676639B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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JP2012543969A Active JP5676639B2 (ja) | 2009-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | 電気化学リアクタおよび前記リアクタに一体化された活性層 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9299992B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2514012B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5676639B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101791103B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102656730B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012014200B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2783404A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011073897A1 (ja) |
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WO2019084416A1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Ih Ip Holdings Limited | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL ALLOY COMPOSITE ELECTRODES |
EP3748039A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-12-09 | Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft für angewandte Forschung e.V. | Elektrisch leitfähige nanofasern für eine polymermembran-basierte elektrolyse |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0831444A (ja) * | 1994-07-14 | 1996-02-02 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 電気化学セル及びその作動方法 |
JP2011076828A (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Equos Research Co Ltd | 燃料電池用触媒微粒子及び燃料電池用触媒 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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BR0311227A (pt) | 2002-05-23 | 2008-01-29 | Columbian Chem | material de carbono enxertado com polìmero condutor para aplicações em células de combustìvel |
AU2003280670A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Porous electrode and electrochemical device using the same |
EP1748509B1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2017-03-01 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Fuel cell and gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell |
US20090130514A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2009-05-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell, method of producing same, and fuel cell |
KR100669456B1 (ko) | 2004-11-26 | 2007-01-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극, 이를 포함하는 연료전지 및 연료전지용전극의 제조방법 |
JP4733788B2 (ja) | 2005-03-30 | 2011-07-27 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 燃料電池システム |
KR100773526B1 (ko) | 2005-10-18 | 2007-11-07 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 카본나노튜브 절단방법 |
US8029757B2 (en) | 2005-10-18 | 2011-10-04 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Method of cutting carbon nanotubes |
CN101007273A (zh) * | 2007-01-26 | 2007-08-01 | 太原理工大学 | 一种富勒烯载Pt催化剂的原位合成法 |
WO2008129524A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-30 | University College Cork - National University Of Ireland, Cork | Method of aligning carbon nanotubes in metal nanowires and applications thereof which include a fuel cell catalyst |
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JPH0831444A (ja) * | 1994-07-14 | 1996-02-02 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 電気化学セル及びその作動方法 |
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CN102656730A (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
US20120251924A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
EP2514012A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
CA2783404A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
KR101791103B1 (ko) | 2017-10-27 |
US9299992B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
BR112012014200A2 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
WO2011073897A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
JP5676639B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2514012B1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
KR20120104324A (ko) | 2012-09-20 |
CN102656730B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
BR112012014200B1 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
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