JP2013213535A - Monitoring device for piping network - Google Patents

Monitoring device for piping network Download PDF

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JP2013213535A
JP2013213535A JP2012083890A JP2012083890A JP2013213535A JP 2013213535 A JP2013213535 A JP 2013213535A JP 2012083890 A JP2012083890 A JP 2012083890A JP 2012083890 A JP2012083890 A JP 2012083890A JP 2013213535 A JP2013213535 A JP 2013213535A
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piezoelectric element
piping
piping network
charge
monitoring device
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JP5906123B2 (en
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Hiroaki Kondo
博昭 近藤
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a monitoring device for piping networks, configured to easily inspect piping which cannot be manually inspected easily, such as piping buried underground or located at a high place, without battery exchange.SOLUTION: A monitoring device 1 for piping networks includes a plurality of piezoelectric sensor units 6 installed in a plurality of places of a piping network 2 comprising pipes 3 and joints 4, 5. The piezoelectric sensor unit 6 has a piezoelectric element which converts a pressure variation to be generated by movement of fluid in piping into an electric charge signal. An electric charge signal obtained in each piezoelectric element is transmitted by radio to a display device 8 in a remote area.

Description

この発明は、配管網の監視装置に関し、特に、水道管、ガス管、建物配管、工場内配管などからなる各種配管網において、流量監視、異常検知などを行う配管網の監視装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a piping network monitoring device, and more particularly to a piping network monitoring device that performs flow rate monitoring, abnormality detection, and the like in various piping networks including water pipes, gas pipes, building piping, factory piping, and the like.

従来より、集合住宅などにおける水道の集中検針システムのように流量を遠隔地で管理できるシステムが存在する。例えば特許文献1では無線子機の不必要な受信をなくすことにより、電池寿命を長くした無線検針システムが開示されている。このシステムは電池を用いて無線で流量情報を遠隔地へ送信するものである。   Conventionally, there is a system capable of managing the flow rate at a remote place, such as a centralized meter reading system for water supply in an apartment house. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a wireless meter reading system that extends battery life by eliminating unnecessary reception of a wireless slave unit. This system wirelessly transmits flow rate information to a remote location using a battery.

特許文献2には、圧電型超音波トランスジューサを用いた配管検査装置が開示されている。この方法であれば配管の外部からライニングの布設状態を検査することができる。   Patent Document 2 discloses a pipe inspection apparatus using a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. With this method, the laying state of the lining can be inspected from the outside of the pipe.

特開2001−319284号公報JP 2001-319284 A 特開2003−294718号公報JP 2003-294718 A

上記特許文献1の配管網の監視装置では、電池を使用しているため、電池が消耗すると交換する必要がある。集合住宅用であれば、交換は、比較的容易にできるが、地下に埋設された配管、高所に設けられた配管などでは、電池の交換が困難であるという問題があった。   Since the piping network monitoring device of Patent Document 1 uses a battery, it needs to be replaced when the battery is exhausted. If it is for an apartment house, it can be replaced relatively easily, but there is a problem that it is difficult to replace the battery with a pipe buried underground or a pipe provided at a high place.

また、配管の途中にタービンなどの発電機を設置し、その電力を蓄電して無線の送受信に利用することが可能である。しかしながら、タービンなどを配管の途中に設けると障害物となって減圧されてしまうし、異物が挟まるなどしてタービンが破損すると配管としての機能が損なわれる恐れがある。   In addition, a generator such as a turbine can be installed in the middle of the pipe, and the electric power can be stored and used for wireless transmission and reception. However, if a turbine or the like is provided in the middle of the piping, the pressure will be reduced as an obstacle, and if the turbine is damaged due to foreign matter being caught, the function as the piping may be impaired.

特許文献2の配管網の監視装置では、検査を行うには、人手による作業が必要であり、地下に埋設された配管や高所にある配管などにおいては、検査が容易ではないという問題があった。   In the piping network monitoring device of Patent Document 2, manual work is necessary to perform the inspection, and there is a problem that inspection is not easy for piping buried underground or piping at a high place. It was.

この発明の目的は、地下に埋設された配管や高所にある配管などのように、人手によって検査することが容易ではない配管を検査することが容易でかつ電池交換が不要な配管網の監視装置を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is to monitor a pipe network that is easy to inspect pipes that are not easy to inspect manually, such as pipes buried underground or pipes in high places, and that does not require battery replacement. To provide an apparatus.

この発明による配管網の監視装置は、管および継手からなる配管網の複数箇所にそれぞれ取り付けられて配管内流体の移動に伴う圧力変動を電荷信号に変換する複数の圧電素子と、各圧電素子で得られた電荷信号を送信する通信機と、通信機からの送信情報を遠隔地で受信して表示する表示装置とを備えていることを特徴とするものである。   A piping network monitoring device according to the present invention includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements that are attached to a plurality of locations of a piping network composed of pipes and joints to convert pressure fluctuations accompanying movement of fluid in the piping into electric charge signals, and each piezoelectric element. A communication device that transmits the obtained charge signal, and a display device that receives and displays transmission information from the communication device at a remote location are provided.

圧電素子としては、ジルコン酸チタン酸鉛やチタン酸バリウムなどのセラミック材料からなるものやポリフッ化ビニリデンなどの樹脂材料からなるものなどが使用される。   As the piezoelectric element, one made of a ceramic material such as lead zirconate titanate or barium titanate or one made of a resin material such as polyvinylidene fluoride is used.

管および継手は、配管網内を流れる流体からの力を受け、管または継手に設けられた圧電素子は、微細な振動や歪みによって変形して、電圧と電荷を生じる。発生した電圧はそのまま信号として送信してもよいし、一度、電荷を蓄電素子に蓄え、信号を送信する通信機に用いる電源としてもよい。信号の送信は有線でも無線でもよいが、地震などの災害での断線する恐れがない無線が好ましい。信号の送信は常時行ってもよいし、間欠的に行ってもよい。また、通常時は信号の送信を行わずに一定の規格範囲を逸脱した場合に限って信号送信を行うようにしてもよい。   The pipe and the joint receive a force from the fluid flowing in the piping network, and the piezoelectric element provided in the pipe or the joint is deformed by a minute vibration or strain to generate a voltage and an electric charge. The generated voltage may be transmitted as it is as a signal, or may be used as a power source used for a communication device that once accumulates electric charge in a storage element and transmits a signal. Signal transmission may be wired or wireless, but wireless is preferred because there is no fear of disconnection due to a disaster such as an earthquake. Signal transmission may be performed constantly or intermittently. Further, signal transmission may be performed only when the signal deviates from a certain standard range without performing signal transmission in normal times.

個々の圧電素子にはアドレス情報が設定され、電荷信号情報と共に送信される。これにより、場所を特定することができ、複数の圧電素子の電荷信号情報の管理が容易となる。   Address information is set for each piezoelectric element, and is transmitted together with charge signal information. Thereby, the location can be specified, and the charge signal information of a plurality of piezoelectric elements can be easily managed.

通常時に蓄電素子に蓄える電荷は全量でもよいし、一部はそのまま信号として用い、残量を蓄えるようにしてもよい。また、電気信号情報を取得する圧電素子と蓄電素子に電荷を蓄える圧電素子は同一でなくともよい。蓄電素子としては、例えば電気二重層キャパシタなどのキャパシタが使用されるが、これに限定されるものではない。   The total amount of electric charge stored in the electric storage element during normal operation may be used, or a part of the electric charge may be used as a signal as it is to store the remaining amount. In addition, the piezoelectric element that acquires electrical signal information and the piezoelectric element that stores electric charge in the power storage element do not have to be the same. As the power storage element, for example, a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor is used, but it is not limited to this.

圧電素子は、チャージアンプを介して、制御回路に接続されており、制御回路に、圧電素子で得られる電荷信号が正常かどうかを判定する判定手段が設けられていることがある。   The piezoelectric element is connected to a control circuit via a charge amplifier, and the control circuit may be provided with determination means for determining whether or not a charge signal obtained by the piezoelectric element is normal.

一般に、上記の圧電素子は出力インピーダンスが非常に大きいため、ノイズの影響を少なくし、信号として正確に取り出すためにはチャージアンプによって電荷を増幅させて電圧出力に変換することが好ましい。   In general, the output impedance of the piezoelectric element is very large. Therefore, in order to reduce the influence of noise and to accurately extract the signal as a signal, it is preferable to amplify the charge by a charge amplifier and convert it into a voltage output.

信号から異常を判定するための通常範囲は、電圧出力の上下限や、振動の周波数帯域などで設定しておけばよい。通常範囲内であるか否かは受信側で判別してもよいし、送信側に制御回路を組んで判別してもよい。送信側に制御回路を設けて、異常を判定することで、不要な情報をカットし、先に記載したアドレス情報とともに情報化すれば不必要な無線通信を行うことがないために好適である。   The normal range for determining abnormality from the signal may be set by the upper and lower limits of the voltage output, the frequency band of vibration, and the like. Whether it is within the normal range may be determined on the reception side, or may be determined by assembling a control circuit on the transmission side. By providing a control circuit on the transmission side and determining abnormality, it is preferable that unnecessary information is cut off and converted into information together with the previously described address information so that unnecessary wireless communication is not performed.

表示装置としては、例えばパソコンが使用されるが、これに限定されるものではない。異常時には、音または光によって警報が出されることが好ましい。必ずしも数値情報等を表示する必要はなく、異常時の警報のみとすることもできる。   For example, a personal computer is used as the display device, but the display device is not limited to this. When abnormal, it is preferable that an alarm is given by sound or light. It is not always necessary to display numerical information or the like, and only an alarm at the time of abnormality can be provided.

圧電素子は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの延伸フィルムとされて、継手に設けられていることが好ましい。   The piezoelectric element is preferably a stretched film of polyvinylidene fluoride and provided in the joint.

ポリフッ化ビニリデンの延伸フィルムは、可撓性があって耐衝撃性に優れ、化学的に安定である点で、圧電素子材料として優れている。   A stretched film of polyvinylidene fluoride is excellent as a piezoelectric element material in that it is flexible, excellent in impact resistance, and chemically stable.

圧電素子を取り付ける場所は、管や継手などの配管網の一部であればよく、特に限定されないが、一定間隔で設置され、施工時に切断等の加工がない継手に組み込むことが好ましい。また、地震等の大きな外力が配管網に加わった場合も継手に応力が加わりやすいために配管網の異常を検知しやすく好適である。   The place where the piezoelectric element is attached is not particularly limited as long as it is a part of a pipe network such as a pipe or a joint. However, it is preferable that the piezoelectric element be installed in a joint that is installed at a constant interval and has no processing such as cutting during construction. In addition, when a large external force such as an earthquake is applied to the piping network, it is easy to detect an abnormality in the piping network because stress is easily applied to the joint.

配管網を構成する管や継手の材質もステンレス、鋳鉄、コンクリート、繊維強化プラスチック、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、架橋ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、フッ素樹脂等、特に限定されない。   The materials of the pipes and joints constituting the piping network are not particularly limited, such as stainless steel, cast iron, concrete, fiber reinforced plastic, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, and fluororesin.

また、配管網を流れる流体の種類は水やガス、薬液やオイル、スラリーなど、特に限定されない。   In addition, the type of fluid flowing through the piping network is not particularly limited, such as water, gas, chemical solution, oil, and slurry.

この発明の配管網の監視装置によると、圧電素子から得られた電荷信号が遠隔地にある表示装置に表示され、この電荷信号情報が配管網が通常時と異常時とで相違することで、配管網が正常かどうかを監視することができる。   According to the piping network monitoring device of the present invention, the charge signal obtained from the piezoelectric element is displayed on a remote display device, and this charge signal information is different between when the piping network is normal and when abnormal, It is possible to monitor whether the piping network is normal.

図1は、この発明による配管網の監視装置の1例を模式的に示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a piping network monitoring device according to the present invention. 図2は、この発明による配管網の監視装置で使用されている圧電センサユニットを示すブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a piezoelectric sensor unit used in the piping network monitoring apparatus according to the present invention. 図3は、圧電センサユニットを継手に取り付けた1例を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a piezoelectric sensor unit is attached to a joint. 図4は、圧電センサユニットを管に取り付けた1例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which a piezoelectric sensor unit is attached to a pipe. 図5は、配管網の監視装置の通常時の出力状態の1例を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the normal output state of the piping network monitoring device. 図6は、配管網の監視装置の異常時の出力状態の1例を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an output state when the piping network monitoring apparatus is abnormal.

この発明の実施の形態を、以下図面を参照して説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図1は、この発明による配管網の監視装置の1実施形態を示している。   FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a piping network monitoring apparatus according to the present invention.

配管網の監視装置(1)は、複数の管(3)および複数の継手(4)(5)で構成された配管網(図示は水道管路網)(2)と、各継手(4)(5)に設けられた圧電センサユニット(6)と、各圧電センサユニット(6)にそれぞれ接続された無線通信機(7)と、各無線通信機(7)から送られてくる情報を受け取って表示する表示装置(8)とを備えている。   The pipe network monitoring device (1) includes a pipe network (shown as a water pipe network) (2) composed of a plurality of pipes (3) and a plurality of joints (4) (5), and each joint (4). The piezoelectric sensor unit (6) provided in (5), the wireless communication device (7) connected to each piezoelectric sensor unit (6), and the information sent from each wireless communication device (7) are received. Display device (8).

圧電センサユニット(6)は、図2および図3に示すように、圧電素子(9)と、圧電素子(9)に電気的に接続された制御基板(10)とからなる。圧電素子(9)は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの延伸フィルム(PVDFフィルム)とされている。   2 and 3, the piezoelectric sensor unit (6) includes a piezoelectric element (9) and a control board (10) electrically connected to the piezoelectric element (9). The piezoelectric element (9) is a stretched film (PVDF film) of polyvinylidene fluoride.

配管網(2)内を流体が流れると、管(3)および継手(4)(5)には、流体から作用する力によって、微細な振動や歪みが生じる。これに伴って、継手(4)(5)に貼り付けられた圧電素子(9)に付与される圧力が変動し、圧電素子(9)において、圧力変動が電荷信号に変換される。   When a fluid flows in the piping network (2), minute vibrations and distortions occur in the pipe (3) and the joints (4) and (5) due to the force acting from the fluid. Along with this, the pressure applied to the piezoelectric element (9) attached to the joints (4) and (5) fluctuates, and the pressure fluctuation is converted into a charge signal in the piezoelectric element (9).

図3に示すように、制御基板(10)には、電源用キャパシタ(蓄電素子)(11)、チャージアンプ(12)、制御回路(13)、無線回路(14)などが設けられている。   As shown in FIG. 3, the control board (10) is provided with a power supply capacitor (storage element) (11), a charge amplifier (12), a control circuit (13), a wireless circuit (14), and the like.

圧電素子(9)で得られた電荷は、その一部がキャパシタ(11)に送られ、残部がチャージアンプ(12)に送られる。   A part of the electric charge obtained by the piezoelectric element (9) is sent to the capacitor (11), and the remaining part is sent to the charge amplifier (12).

キャパシタ(11)は、電荷を蓄えて、所定の電圧を圧電センサユニット(6)の各部(チャージアンプ(12)、制御回路(13)、無線回路(14)など)に供給している。電源として電池を使用した場合には、その交換が必要であるが、圧電素子(9)で得られた電荷を電源用に使用することで、電池交換が不要となる。   The capacitor (11) stores electric charge and supplies a predetermined voltage to each part (charge amplifier (12), control circuit (13), wireless circuit (14), etc.) of the piezoelectric sensor unit (6). When a battery is used as the power source, the battery needs to be replaced. However, when the electric charge obtained by the piezoelectric element (9) is used for the power source, the battery need not be replaced.

チャージアンプ(12)において、圧電素子(9)で得られた電荷信号が増幅される。圧電素子(9)は、出力インピーダンスが非常に大きいため、ノイズの影響が出やすいが、チャージアンプ(12)を使用することで、電荷信号を増幅させて電圧信号として正確に取り出すことができる。   In the charge amplifier (12), the charge signal obtained by the piezoelectric element (9) is amplified. Since the piezoelectric element (9) has a very large output impedance, it is easily affected by noise. However, by using the charge amplifier (12), the charge signal can be amplified and accurately extracted as a voltage signal.

チャージアンプ(12)から出力された電圧信号は、制御回路(13)において処理された後、監視情報として無線回路(14)を介して表示装置(8)に送信される。各圧電センサユニット(6)には、アドレス情報が付されており、パソコンなどの表示装置(8)により、配管網(2)の所定箇所における圧力変動を監視することができる。   The voltage signal output from the charge amplifier (12) is processed in the control circuit (13) and then transmitted to the display device (8) via the wireless circuit (14) as monitoring information. Address information is attached to each piezoelectric sensor unit (6), and pressure fluctuation at a predetermined location of the pipe network (2) can be monitored by a display device (8) such as a personal computer.

圧力変動には、通常の流体の流れによって生じるものと、異常時に生じるものとがあるので、制御回路(13)に適宜な判定手段を設けておくことで、異常が起きたときにのみ、監視情報(異常情報)を出力するようにすることができる。   There are pressure fluctuations that occur due to normal fluid flow and those that occur in the event of an abnormality.Therefore, appropriate judgment means are provided in the control circuit (13), so that monitoring is possible only when an abnormality occurs. Information (abnormal information) can be output.

図1において、A、BおよびCで示す位置における通常の電荷信号は、例えば、図5に示すようなものとなる。仮に、図1において、Pで示す位置において管(3)が破損して漏水が生じた場合、電荷信号は、例えば、図6に示すようなものとなる。すなわち、破損箇所近傍(位置Bおよび位置C)にある圧電センサユニット(6)の電圧信号は、流体の流れによって通常範囲を超えて大きく振動し、破損箇所に最も近い位置(位置C)にある圧電センサユニット(6)の電圧信号が、最も大きく(電圧の大きさだけでなく振動の周波数も)変動する。   In FIG. 1, normal charge signals at positions indicated by A, B, and C are as shown in FIG. 5, for example. If the pipe (3) is broken at the position indicated by P in FIG. 1 and water leakage occurs, the charge signal is, for example, as shown in FIG. That is, the voltage signal of the piezoelectric sensor unit (6) in the vicinity of the damaged portion (position B and position C) vibrates greatly beyond the normal range due to the flow of the fluid, and is at the position closest to the damaged portion (position C). The voltage signal of the piezoelectric sensor unit (6) varies most greatly (not only the magnitude of the voltage but also the vibration frequency).

したがって、チャージアンプ(12)から出力された電圧信号について、電圧出力の上下限および/または振動の周波数帯域の基準値を設定しておき、電圧信号と基準値を比較して、電圧信号が基準値を超えた場合に異常と判定することができる。こうして、漏水による過剰な振動を検知することができ、漏水箇所の特定が可能となる。   Therefore, for the voltage signal output from the charge amplifier (12), the upper and lower limits of the voltage output and / or the reference value of the frequency band of vibration are set, and the voltage signal is compared with the reference value. When the value is exceeded, it can be determined as abnormal. Thus, excessive vibration due to water leakage can be detected, and the location of water leakage can be identified.

表示装置(8)は、中央処理室などに設けられ、地下に埋設された配管や高所にある配管などのように、人手によって検査することが容易ではない配管からなる配管網(2)であっても、その異常を容易に知ることができる。   The display device (8) is installed in a central processing room, etc., and is a pipe network (2) consisting of pipes that are not easy to inspect manually, such as pipes buried underground or pipes in high places. Even if there is, the abnormality can be easily known.

圧電センサユニット(6)は、継手(4)(5)に代えて、管(3)に取り付けるようにしてもよく、この場合は、図4に示すように、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの延伸フィルムからなる圧電素子(9)を管(3)の周囲に貼り付けて、この圧電素子(9)と制御基板(10)とを接続するようにすればよい。   The piezoelectric sensor unit (6) may be attached to the pipe (3) instead of the joints (4) and (5). In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, it is made of a stretched film of polyvinylidene fluoride. A piezoelectric element (9) may be attached to the periphery of the tube (3) to connect the piezoelectric element (9) and the control board (10).

なお、圧電素子(9)としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの延伸フィルムに代えて、ジルコン酸チタン酸鉛やチタン酸バリウムなどのセラミック材料やポリフッ化ビニリデン以外の樹脂材料などが使用できる。   As the piezoelectric element (9), a ceramic material such as lead zirconate titanate or barium titanate or a resin material other than polyvinylidene fluoride can be used in place of the stretched film of polyvinylidene fluoride.

また、上記実施形態では、制御回路(13)に適宜な判定手段を設けておくことで、異常が起きたときにのみ、監視情報(異常情報)を出力するようにしているが、判定手段を表示装置(8)に設けるようにして、圧電センサユニット(6)からは、チャージアンプ(12)から出力された電圧信号をそのまま表示装置(8)に送信するようにしてもよい。   Further, in the above embodiment, the monitoring circuit (abnormal information) is output only when an abnormality occurs by providing an appropriate determination means in the control circuit (13). The voltage signal output from the charge amplifier (12) may be directly transmitted to the display device (8) from the piezoelectric sensor unit (6) so as to be provided in the display device (8).

(1) 配管網の監視装置
(2) 配管網
(3) 管
(4)(5) 継手
(6) 圧電センサユニット
(7) 無線通信機
(8) 表示装置
(9) 圧電素子
(11) キャパシタ(蓄電素子)
(13) 制御回路
(1) Piping network monitoring device
(2) Piping network
(3) Tube
(4) (5) Fitting
(6) Piezoelectric sensor unit
(7) Wireless communication device
(8) Display device
(9) Piezoelectric element
(11) Capacitor (storage element)
(13) Control circuit

Claims (5)

管および継手からなる配管網の複数箇所にそれぞれ取り付けられて配管内流体の移動に伴う圧力変動を電荷信号に変換する複数の圧電素子と、各圧電素子で得られた電荷信号を送信する通信機と、通信機からの送信情報を遠隔地で受信して表示する表示装置とを備えていることを特徴とする配管網の監視装置。   A plurality of piezoelectric elements that are respectively attached to a plurality of locations in a piping network composed of pipes and joints and convert pressure fluctuations accompanying movement of fluid in the piping into charge signals, and a communication device that transmits the charge signals obtained by each piezoelectric element And a display device for receiving and displaying transmission information from a communication device at a remote location. 圧電素子で得られた電荷の少なくとも一部を一時的に蓄える蓄電素子をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配管網の監視装置。   The piping network monitoring device according to claim 1, further comprising a power storage element that temporarily stores at least a part of the electric charge obtained by the piezoelectric element. 蓄電素子に蓄えた電荷により無線通信機を稼動して圧電素子で得られた電荷信号を遠隔地に送信することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の配管網の監視装置。   3. The piping network monitoring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a charge signal obtained by the piezoelectric element is transmitted to a remote place by operating the wireless communication device with the electric charge stored in the electric storage element. 圧電素子は、チャージアンプを介して、制御回路に接続されており、制御回路に、圧電素子で得られた電荷信号が通常範囲かどうかを判定する判定手段が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載の配管網の監視装置。   The piezoelectric element is connected to a control circuit via a charge amplifier, and the control circuit is provided with determination means for determining whether or not the charge signal obtained by the piezoelectric element is in a normal range. The monitoring apparatus for a piping network according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 圧電素子は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの延伸フィルムとされて、継手に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の配管網の監視装置。   5. The piping network monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric element is a stretched film of polyvinylidene fluoride and is provided in a joint.
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