JP2013193134A - Cutting insert - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting insert which has an effect of suppressing welding that occurs at a cutting edge, to maintain a stable high-grade cutting performance while preventing chipping of the cutting edge for extending tool life.SOLUTION: A cutting insert includes: a rod-like insert body 2; a rake face 3 which is arranged at an end part of the insert body 2 in a length direction L and directed toward an upper part in a height direction H orthogonal to the length direction L; a flank face 4 which includes a front flank 4a that is arranged at an end part in length direction L of the insert body 2 to cross the rake face 3 and directed to an outside of the insert in the length direction L, and a pair of side flanks 4b which is directed toward a width direction orthogonal to the height direction H and the length direction L; and a cutting edge 5 as an intersection ridge line formed by the rake face 3 and the flank face 4. On the front flank 4a, a grinding trace extending in the height direction H is formed. On the side flanks 4b, a grinding trace is formed which gradually extends toward the outside of the insert in the length direction L as descending along the height direction H.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting insert used, for example, for outer diameter grooving.

  Conventionally, a columnar or bar-shaped work material made of a metal material or the like is rotated around its axis, and peripheral surface processing such as grooving (outer diameter grooving) is performed on the outer peripheral surface of the work material. There is known a grooving cutting insert in which end face processing such as grooving is performed on an end face facing in the axial direction.

As this type of cutting insert, for example, in Patent Document 1 below, a shaft-shaped insert main body and a scoop that is arranged at the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the insert main body and faces upward in the height direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A surface, a front clearance surface that is disposed at an end of the insert body in the longitudinal direction and intersects the rake face and faces the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction, and a width direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and the height direction. There is disclosed a flank having a pair of side flank faces facing each other and a cutting edge forming a cross ridge line between the rake face and the flank face.
In this cutting insert, the front flank and the side flank are ground (polished) with a grinding wheel such as a cup-type grindstone to form a sharp edge.

JP 2011-161538 A

By the way, in the conventional cutting insert, when cutting, chips and the like of the work material are welded to the cutting edge, and when this grows, the sharpness may be reduced or the cutting edge may be lost. . That is, such welding is not preferable because it reduces the finished surface quality of the work material and shortens the tool life.
In particular, the tendency is remarkable in cutting of non-ferrous materials (for example, aluminum, titanium, etc.) whose demand has been increasing mainly in the automobile and aircraft industries in recent years, and a solution is demanded.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has an effect of suppressing welding generated on the cutting edge, thereby stably maintaining a high-quality sharpness, and lacking the cutting edge. It is an object to provide a cutting insert that can prevent tooling and extend the tool life.

  In order to achieve the above object, the inventor of the present invention has conducted extensive research on such cutting inserts, and as a result, in the manufacture of the cutting inserts, grinding marks (grinding) formed on the flank when the cutting edge is formed are described. It came to the knowledge that welding resistance could be improved by setting the direction of (polishing processing stripe) to a predetermined direction (angle).

  The cutting insert according to the present invention is made on the basis of such knowledge, and is disposed at an axially-shaped insert body and an end portion in the longitudinal direction of the insert body, and has a height orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. A rake face that faces upward in the direction, a front flank face that is disposed at an end in the longitudinal direction of the insert body and intersects the rake face and faces the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction, and the longitudinal direction and the height direction A flank having a pair of side flank faces facing a width direction orthogonal to the flank, and a cutting edge forming a cross ridge line between the rake face and the flank face, and the front flank has the height direction Grinding traces extending toward the outer side of the insert in the longitudinal direction are formed on the side flank surface gradually toward the lower side in the height direction.

  According to the cutting insert of the present invention, a grinding trace extending in the height direction of the insert body (hereinafter referred to as a front grinding trace) is formed on the front flank of the flank adjacent to the cutting edge, and the side flank The surface is formed with grinding marks (hereinafter referred to as side surface grinding marks) that gradually extend toward the outside of the insert body in the longitudinal direction of the insert body as it goes downward in the height direction of the insert body. Play. In addition, the “longitudinal insert outer side” in the present specification is a direction from the body portion (center portion) of the insert body toward the end portion along the longitudinal direction of the insert body. In the following description, the longitudinal direction of the insert body may be referred to as the insert longitudinal direction, and the height direction of the insert body may be referred to as the insert height direction.

  For example, in the peripheral surface processing (outer diameter grooving) such as the known outer diameter grooving shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 of JP 2011-161538 A, the peripheral surface of the work material is obtained by this cutting processing. Similarly to the work material, the groove formed in the shape moves along the rotation direction of the work material with respect to the cutting insert. Specifically, the bottom wall of the groove of the work material formed close to the front flank of the flank of the cutting insert (the surface facing the outside in the radial direction of the work material among the inner surfaces of the groove) It moves so that it may go to the opposite side (namely, the downward direction) with respect to a flank to the direction where a scoop surface faces among the height directions of an insert main body. Further, the side wall of the groove of the work material formed close to the side flank of the flank of the cutting insert (the surface of the inner surface of the groove facing the workpiece axial direction) with respect to the side flank As the height of the insert body moves downward, it gradually moves to the outside of the insert body in the longitudinal direction of the insert body.

  In the cutting insert of the present invention, the front grinding trace formed on the front flank extends along the direction in which the bottom wall of the groove of the work material moves relative to the front flank, and the side flank Since the side grinding marks formed on the side surface extend along the direction in which the side wall of the groove of the work material moves with respect to the side flank face, the cutting edge that is intended to grow from the cutting edge toward the flank face A welded material such as powder (chip) is easily removed from these flank surfaces by contact with the work material. That is, even if the welded material is welded to the cutting edge, the welded material is removed early so as to be guided by the grinding traces on the flank surface, and the growth of the welding is suppressed. It is difficult to form a large welded material that causes defects.

In addition, by suppressing the welding of the cutting edge in this way, the original shape of the cutting edge can be easily transferred to the processing surface (finished surface) of the work material, and processing such as curling or scratching on the processing surface can be performed. Scratches are hardly formed, and the processing quality is improved.
Also, the grinding traces on the front flank and side flank extend in a direction that reduces the cutting resistance with the work material, and chips and the like are easily discharged so that they are guided by these grinding traces. In addition, burrs are hardly generated on the processed surface, and a good finished surface can be obtained.

  As described above, according to the cutting insert of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the growth of welding on the cutting edge, thereby stably maintaining a high-quality sharpness and preventing the cutting edge from being lost, thereby extending the tool life. In addition, it is possible to obtain good work material finished surface accuracy over a long period of time.

  Further, as described above, the side grinding traces of the side flank gradually extend toward the outside of the insert body in the longitudinal direction of the insert body as it goes downward in the height direction of the insert body. The effect of suppressing the size of the chipping in the vertical direction and extending the tool life, and the effect of improving the welding resistance by smoothing the edge of the cutting edge (side cutting edge) are obtained. These will be described below.

First, the effect of suppressing the chipping and extending the tool life will be described.
The amount of chipping in the insert height direction greatly affects the tool performance, and particularly has a close relationship with the tool life. Therefore, it is extremely important for the cutting tool to suppress this.
Furthermore, the inventor of the present invention has verified the occurrence mechanism of abnormal defects caused by welding as described above, and as a result, among the cutting edges, particularly the side cutting edge (the cutting edge portion forming the intersecting ridge line between the side relief surface and the rake face) (Horizontal cutting edge)), it was also confirmed that there was a case where chipping caused by welding grew along the grinding mark and became a defect.

  In order to solve this, for example, it is conceivable to make the count of a grinding wheel used for manufacturing a cutting insert finer (higher). In other words, the surface roughness of the flank face is controlled to be small by setting the count of the grinding wheel, making it difficult to cause welding on the side cutting edge, or falling off the cutting edge before it grows even if welding occurs. A method to make it easy to do is conceivable. However, in this case, clogging and the like during grinding increase, and the processing time is extended and workability is reduced. That is, productivity is reduced, for example, the cycle time is extended and the grinding wheel dressing / truing interval is shortened.

Therefore, in the present invention, by forming the side grinding marks having the above-described configuration, while ensuring the workability and productivity of grinding at the time of manufacture, even when cutting the work material, even on the side cutting edge. Even when chipping occurs, the chipping extends in a direction inclined with respect to the height direction of the insert body so as to follow the side grinding marks, so that the chipping length (chipping amount) along the height direction is suppressed. it can.
Thus, since the chipping amount in the insert height direction is suppressed, the cutting insert can be used for cutting over a long period of time, and the tool life is further extended.

Next, the effect of improving the welding resistance by smoothing the cutting edge ridge line will be described.
In the present invention, since the grinding trace on the side flank face of the cutting insert is the side grinding trace having the above-described configuration, the conventional cutting insert, that is, the cutting having the grinding trace in the substantially same direction as the insert height direction on the side flank face. Compared with the insert, the ridge line of the side cutting edge that forms the intersecting ridge line of the side flank face and the rake face on which the side grinding traces are formed becomes smooth. Specifically, when the flank is ground and the cutting edge is sharply formed, when the cutting edge ridge line is observed with an electron microscope or the like, a plurality of extremely small peaks and valleys are formed adjacent to each other. For example, unlike the present invention, with respect to the distance between the adjacent ridges and valleys adjacent to each other at the side cutting edge, which is a cross ridge line between the side flank and the rake face formed with grinding marks extending in the insert height direction. And the space | interval of the said peak part and trough part in the said side surface cutting edge of this invention becomes wide.

That is, since the side grinding trace of the cutting insert of the present invention is formed so as to be inclined and intersect with the side cutting edge, the cutting edge ridge line at the side cutting edge becomes smoother (that is, adjacent to the side cutting edge). The repetition cycle between the minimum peak and the valley becomes longer (see FIGS. 10 and 11).
As described above, since the ridgeline of the side cutting edge can be made smoother while ensuring productivity, the effect of suppressing the welding to the side cutting edge that is particularly likely to cause chipping as described above is significantly obtained. is there.

Further, in the cutting insert of the present invention, in the side view of the insert body viewed from the width direction, the grinding trace of the side flank extends linearly, and the grinding trace extends in the longitudinal direction of the insert body. The angle of inclination with respect to the angle may be 45 ° to 70 °.
Further, in the cutting insert of the present invention, the grinding trace of the side flank extends in a curved shape having a curvature radius of 75 to 200 mm in a side view when the insert body is viewed from the width direction. Of these, the angle at which the virtual tangent at the midpoint is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body may be 45 ° to 70 °.

In this case, since the angle at which the side grinding marks are inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body is 45 ° to 70 °, the effect of suppressing welding and chipping of the cutting edge (side cutting edge) can be more remarkably obtained. .
Specifically, when the angle at which the side grinding trace is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body is less than 45 °, the welded material that is about to grow from the side cutting edge toward the side flank is There is a possibility that the effect of easily falling off from the side flank is difficult to obtain due to the contact. Moreover, when the angle at which the side surface grinding trace is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body exceeds 70 °, the side cutting edge has an effect of suppressing the chipping length (chipping amount) along the height direction of the insert body. It may be difficult to obtain.
When the side surface grinding trace extends in a curved shape having a curvature radius of 75 to 200 mm, the center of curvature (the center of the circle corresponding to the curvature radius) is outside the insert in the longitudinal direction with respect to the virtual tangent. It is preferable that it is located (that is, the side grinding trace is a convex curve toward the inside of the insert in the longitudinal direction).

  Moreover, the cutting insert of this invention WHEREIN: At least the attachment surface to the tool main body which faces the downward direction of the height direction of the said insert main body is good also as being a sintered skin.

  In the above-mentioned cutting insert, since the mounting surface is not ground (polished), the cutting edge is secured as described above, but the manufacturing is simple and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, since the mounting surface is not ground, the positional accuracy of the mounting surface is ensured stably, so that the mounting stability when mounting this cutting insert on the holder (tool body) of the blade-type replaceable grooving tool is ensured. Increase.

Furthermore, since the sintered skin is generally larger in surface roughness than the ground surface, the cutting insert is attached to the holder using the mounting surface, which is the sintered skin, so that the space between the cutting insert and the holder can be reduced. In addition, a large frictional resistance is ensured and unintended relative movement is restricted, so that the cutting insert can be more stably fixed to the holder.
In addition, it is preferable that the mounting surface of the cutting insert is an unground sintered skin in this way because the above-described effects are obtained, but the mounting surface may be ground.

  Further, in the cutting insert of the present invention, a side receding portion that recedes in the width direction from the side flank is formed below the side flank in the insert body in the height direction, and the side flank and The ratio of the length along the height direction of the side flank to the sum of the lengths along the height direction of the side receding portion may be 20 to 70%.

  In this case, on the side surface facing the width direction in the insert main body, a side flank surface adjacent to the cutting edge, and a side receding portion disposed below the side flank surface in the insert height direction and retreating from the side flank surface Therefore, when the cutting insert is manufactured, it is not necessary to grind the entire side surface of the insert body when the side flank is ground to form the side cutting edge sharply. That is, in the manufacture of the cutting insert, it is not necessary to grind the side receding portion, and only the side flank can be ground to form the cutting edge, which is easy to manufacture and has good productivity.

  Further, since the side receding portion is retracted from the side flank, for example, when this cutting insert is used for end face grooving, the side wall of the groove formed on the end face of the work material (the part of the inner face of the groove covered). It is a surface facing the cutting material radial direction, and in particular, it is possible to prevent contact between the surface facing the radial inner side) and the side surface (lower side surface) of the insert body. Therefore, the workability of the work material is improved.

  In addition, since the clearance angle of the side cutting edge can be set to be smaller while preventing the contact between the side wall of the groove of the work material and the lower part of the side surface of the insert body in this way, the edge strength of the side cutting edge is thereby reduced. Can be secured.

  In addition, since the side receding portion is formed, when the side cutting edge is sharply formed as described above during the manufacture of the cutting insert, the mounting surface facing downward in the height direction of the insert body is cut by grinding. It is prevented. That is, even if the mounting surface of the insert body is continuous with the side receding portion, the side receding portion is not ground, so the mounting surface is not ground.

  In particular, since the end in the longitudinal direction of the mounting surface of the insert body is likely to be related to the mounting stability and mounting position accuracy of the cutting insert with respect to the insert mounting seat of the holder, the mounting surface, particularly the mounting surface, as described above. The end is preferably not ground. Thereby, the position of the mounting surface of the cutting insert with respect to the holder is stabilized, and the mounting posture of the cutting insert during the cutting process is stabilized.

Further, the ratio (ratio) of the length in the insert height direction of the side flank to the sum of the length in the insert height direction of the side flank and the side receded portion is 20 to 70%. While ensuring the cutting edge strength, the workability (workability) at the time of manufacturing the cutting insert can be improved.
Specifically, on the side surface of the insert body, the length of the side flank in the insert height direction is less than 20% with respect to the sum of the length of the side flank and the side receded portion in the insert height direction. In some cases, when this cutting insert is used for cutting with a high load, such as when the depth of cut is increased, the edge strength of the side cutting edge may not be sufficiently secured. Further, when the length in the insert height direction of the side flank exceeds 70% with respect to the sum of the length in the insert height direction of the side flank and the side receded portion, it occurred during cutting. The chips easily come into contact with the cutting insert, and in this case, the area of the side flank becomes large and the grinding area at the time of manufacturing the cutting insert becomes large, which may complicate the grinding operation. In addition, in the above-described end face grooving or the like, there is a high possibility that the groove side wall and the side flank face will come into contact with each other, and there is a risk that the workability of the work material will decrease, and chips and work material during cutting The insert may be damaged due to contact with itself, and cutting may be forced to stop.

  Further, in the cutting insert of the present invention, the insert body is made of a cemented carbide, and the insert body includes an IVa group element, a Va group element, a VIa group element, Al, Si, Y, Mn, A hard coating layer made of a compound comprising at least one element selected from Ni and S and at least one element selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron is formed on at least the grinding mark. One or more layers may be formed.

  In this case, the specific material of the hard coating layer formed on the insert body by, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) may be selected from the above. Ti-based hard coatings such as TiC, TiCN, TiN, TiAlN, TiAlCrN, TiAlCrSiN, and TiAlNbN, and AlCrN are particularly effective for extending the tool life.

  According to the cutting insert of the present invention, it has an effect of suppressing the welding generated on the cutting edge, thereby stably maintaining a high-quality sharpness and preventing the cutting edge from being broken, thereby extending the tool life. it can.

It is a perspective view of the cutting insert which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the cutting insert which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the cutting insert which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the cutting insert which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of the cutting insert which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which looked at the cutting insert from the front flank side. It is a figure which expands and shows the A section of FIG. It is a figure which expands and shows the B section of FIG. It is an enlarged view which shows an example of the grinding trace of a side flank. It is a figure explaining the side surface cutting edge ridgeline of this embodiment formed by grinding a side flank. It is a figure explaining the conventional side surface cutting edge ridgeline formed by grinding a side flank. It is a front view explaining the cup type grindstone (grinding grindstone) which grinds a flank.

Hereinafter, the cutting insert 1 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings.
The cutting insert 1 of the present embodiment rotates a columnar or bar-shaped work material made of a metal material or the like around its axis, and performs peripheral surface processing such as grooving (outer diameter grooving) on the outer peripheral surface of the work material. It is a cutting insert for grooving which performs end surface processing, such as grooving, on the end surface facing the axial direction of the work material.

  Although not particularly illustrated in the present specification, this cutting insert 1 is made of, for example, a columnar or shaft-like steel material in a cutting edge exchange type grooving tool as shown in FIG. 1 of JP 2011-161538 A, etc. It attaches to the front-end | tip part of the holder (tool main body) which becomes detachable, and is used for the cutting process of a workpiece. A convex insert mounting seat for mounting the cutting insert 1 is formed at the tip of the holder. In a state where the cutting insert 1 is mounted on the insert mounting seat, a cutting edge 5 described later of the cutting insert 1 is disposed so as to protrude from the tip end surface of the holder.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 9, the cutting insert 1 is disposed at an end of the insert body 2 having an axial shape and the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2, and in the height direction (thickness) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. A rake face 3 facing upwards in the longitudinal direction H, a front relief surface 4a which is arranged at the end of the insert body 2 in the longitudinal direction L and intersects the rake face 3 and faces the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L; A flank 4 having a pair of side flank surfaces 4b facing a width direction W perpendicular to L and the height direction H, and a cutting edge 5 forming an intersecting ridge line between the rake surface 3 and the flank surface 4 are provided.
The above-mentioned “outer side of the insert in the longitudinal direction L” is a direction from the body portion (center portion) of the insert body 2 toward the end portion along the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2. Further, “the inner side of the insert in the longitudinal direction L”, which will be described later, is a direction from the end of the insert body 2 toward the body (center) along the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2.

In a state where the cutting insert 1 is mounted on the insert mounting seat of the holder, the rake face 3 of the cutting insert 1 is arranged so as to face upward in the vertical direction, and the rear side in the rotation direction of the work material is arranged. It is arranged to face. In the present specification, of the height direction H of the insert body 2, the direction in which the rake face 3 faces is referred to as up (upward), and the direction in which the rake face 3 faces away is referred to as down (downward). However, the above-mentioned “above / below in the height direction H” does not limit the mounting posture of the cutting insert 1 with respect to the holder (tool main body). That is, the height direction H of the cutting insert 1 is not limited to the vertical direction, and may be, for example, another horizontal direction or an oblique direction between vertical and horizontal.
In the drawings, what is indicated by reference numeral O by a one-dot chain line or the like is the central axis of the insert body 2 extending in the longitudinal direction L through the center in the height direction H and the center in the width direction W of the insert body 2.

The insert body 2 of the cutting insert 1 is made of a hard material such as tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide, titanium carbonitride-based cermet, or ceramics, and is a sintered body. The insert body 2 of the present embodiment is made of a cemented carbide.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the insert body 2 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and its lower surface 2 a and upper surface central portion 2 b are formed in a V-shaped cross section, and an insert mounting seat for a holder (not shown). Are brought into contact with and can be engaged with a pair of pressing surfaces (top wall surface and bottom wall surface) having a convex V-shaped cross section. In addition, the shape of the lower surface 2a and the upper surface central portion 2b of the insert body 2 is not limited to the concave V-shaped cross section. For example, one or both of the lower surface 2a and the upper central portion 2b have a convex V shape. It may be formed in a letter shape. In this case, one or both of the pair of pressing surfaces of the insert mounting seat correspond to the shapes of the lower surface 2a and the upper surface central portion 2b, and the concave surface is formed in a V-shaped cross section.
Further, the rake face 3 is formed at both ends of the upper face of the insert main body 2 so as to recede one step from the center part 2b of the upper face, and the outer peripheral edges of the rake face 3 are respectively U-shaped. The cutting edge 5 is formed.

  In the present embodiment, on the outer surface (surface) of the insert body 2, the portion other than the flank 4 is not ground (polished) and has a sintered skin. Specifically, the contact surface with the insert mounting seat on the outer surface of the insert main body 2 (the lower surface 2a of the insert main body 2, the upper surface central portion 2b, the front receding portion 6a described later, etc.) is the sintered skin. In addition, any one or more of these contact surfaces (the lower surface 2a, the upper surface center portion 2b, and the front receding portion 6a) may be ground. However, on the outer surface of the insert body 2, it is preferable that at least the lower surface (mounting surface) 2 a facing downward in the height direction H is a sintered skin.

  In the top view of the insert body 2 shown in FIG. 7, the rake face 3 has a rectangular shape that is long in the longitudinal direction L. In the present embodiment, the outer peripheral edge portion of the rake face 3 is formed so as to be recessed at a height equivalent to the cutting edge 5 forming the outer periphery of the rake face 3 or downward from the cutting edge 5. The portions other than the outer peripheral edge (the central portion of the rake face 3) are formed so as to gradually protrude upward from the outer peripheral edge toward the inside of the rake face 3.

  That is, the chip breaker 3 is formed on the rake face 3 of the present embodiment so as to enhance chip dischargeability, and the chip breaker is formed by a mold or is ground after the insert body 2 is sintered. Is formed by. Note that the chip breaker may not be formed on the rake face 3. In the present embodiment, the rake face 3 is also an unground sintered skin.

  1 and 2, as described above, the flank 4 includes a front flank 4a facing the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2 and a pair of side flank 4b facing the width direction W of the insert body 2. And.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the front relief surface 4 a has a rectangular shape that is long in the width direction W when the insert body 2 is viewed from the longitudinal direction L (the direction of the central axis O). Of the four sides forming the front flank 4a, the upper side (front cutting edge 5a described later) extends along the width direction W. Of the four sides, the lower side extends along the width direction W in parallel with the upper side.

  In this front view, the front flank 4a has a linear grinding mark extending in the height direction H (a fine processing line formed by grinding (polishing) using a grindstone when manufacturing the cutting insert 1). ) Is formed. In addition, the grinding trace of the front flank 4a should just extend along the height direction H, and is not limited to the linear shape mentioned above, For example, a gentle curvilinear shape may be sufficient.

  Specifically, in this embodiment, a cup-type grindstone (grinding grindstone) made of a diamond grindstone having a particle size of # 200 to 600 is used for grinding the flank 4. The diameter of this cup-type grindstone is, for example, φ150 to 400 mm. As shown in FIG. 12, the cup-type grindstone 10 is installed so that the rotation axis C thereof extends in the horizontal direction, and an annular grinding end surface (annular surface to be ground) 11 of the cup-type grindstone 10. Is opened in the horizontal direction. Then, while rotating the cup-type grindstone 10 around the rotation axis C by a spindle (not shown), the flank 4 of the insert body 2 is brought into contact with the grinding end surface 11 to form the cutting edge 5 sharply, Grinding marks are formed on the flank 4 so as to be in a predetermined direction.

  In the present embodiment, in the grinding end surface 11 opened in the horizontal direction of the cup-type grindstone 10, the clearance is caused at substantially the center portion in the vertical direction (height direction) (that is, the side end portion 11 a of the grinding end surface 11 having an annular shape). The front flank 4a of the surface 4 is ground, whereby a grinding mark on the front flank 4a having the above-described configuration can be easily formed.

  Further, in FIG. 8, the front flank 4 a is gradually inclined toward the inner side of the insert in the longitudinal direction L as it goes downward from the cutting edge 5. The clearance angle at which the front flank 4a is inclined with respect to the height direction H is relatively small, for example, set at 0 ° to 20 °, thereby ensuring the edge strength of the front cutting edge 5a described later. .

  As shown in FIG. 8, the side flank 4 b has a long rectangular shape in the longitudinal direction L when the insert body 2 is viewed from the width direction W. Of the four sides forming the side flank 4b, the upper side (side cutting edge 5b described later) extends along the longitudinal direction L.

  In this side view, the side flank 4b has a linear shape extending gradually toward the outer side of the insert in the longitudinal direction L as it goes to the side opposite to the direction in which the rake face 3 faces in the height direction H (that is, downward). Grinding marks are formed. Note that the grinding trace on the side flank 4b only needs to extend gradually toward the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L as it goes downward, and is not limited to the linear shape described above, for example, a gentle curved shape. May be.

  In the example shown in FIG. 8, the grinding trace on the side flank 4 b extends linearly, and the angle at which the grinding trace is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction L (center axis O) of the insert body 2 in this side view. θ is 45 ° to 70 °.

  In the present embodiment, a portion (specifically, a side end portion 11a of the grinding end surface 11 having an annular shape) located below the central portion in the vertical direction of the grinding end surface 11 of the cup-type grindstone 10 shown in FIG. The side flank 4b of the flank 4 is ground at an oblique lower portion 11c) located between the lower end 11b. Thereby, the grinding trace of the side flank 4b of the said structure inclined with respect to the height direction H and the longitudinal direction L can be formed easily. In FIG. 12, a plurality of concentric two-dot chain lines shown on the grinding end surface 11 indicate the direction of grinding marks formed on the side flank 4b of the cutting insert 1 by this grinding.

  If the purpose is to incline the grinding trace on the side flank 4b as described above, for example, a portion (grinding) that is located above the central portion in the vertical direction of the grinding end surface 11 of the cup-type grindstone 10. Although a method of using the diagonally upper portion 11d) of the end face 11 for grinding is also conceivable, in this case, interference between a not shown clamping jig or the like supporting the cutting insert 1 and the cup-type grindstone 10 is likely to occur, and processing is performed. The shape and the like may be limited. Therefore, it is preferable to prepare a dedicated insert clamp jig or to use the oblique lower portion 11c on the grinding end surface 11 of the cup-type grindstone 10 for grinding the side relief surface 4b as in this embodiment.

Grinding traces of the side flank 4b ground in this way are linear at first glance, but strictly speaking, as shown in FIG. 9, they extend in a curved shape with a curvature radius of 75 to 200 mm. The virtual tangent line VL at the midpoint M of the entire length of the grinding mark (specifically, a predetermined processing line among the grinding marks formed by arranging a large number of machining lines) is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2. The angle θ is 45 ° to 70 °.
In the present embodiment, the grinding mark on the side flank 4b has a center of curvature (the center of a circle (not shown) corresponding to the radius of curvature) on the outer side of the insert in the longitudinal direction L with respect to the virtual tangent VL (left side in FIG. 9). Thus, the grinding trace on the side flank 4b is a convex curve toward the inside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L (the right side in FIG. 9).

  In FIG. 5, the side flank 4 b gradually recedes in the width direction W as it goes downward from the cutting edge 5, that is, the inner side of the width direction W (the insert body along the width direction W as it goes downward). 2 toward the center). The clearance angle at which the side flank 4b is inclined with respect to the height direction H is relatively small, for example, set at 0 ° to 20 °, thereby ensuring the strength of the edge of the side cutting edge 5b described later. .

  The surface roughness of the grinding trace of the front flank 4a and the surface roughness of the grinding trace of the side flank 4b are 0.08 mm cut-off values and the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 0.04 to 0.12 μm. ing. The surface roughness is measured along the width direction W for the front flank 4a and is measured along the longitudinal direction L for the side flank 4b.

  Further, when the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b are ground using the cup-type grindstone 10 described above, the surface roughness of the grinded surface is improved and the grinding end surface 11 of the cup-type grindstone 10 is improved. In order to suppress uneven wear, it is preferable that the grinding end surface 11 and the cutting insert 1 are relatively swung in the radial direction of the cup-type grindstone 10 (eg, the left-right direction in FIG. 12). However, in the grinding of the side flank 4b, the above-described rocking may not be performed for the purpose of preventing interference between the cutting insert 1 or the jigs and tools holding the cutting insert 1 and the cup-type grindstone 10. Absent. In this case, the surface roughness of the side flank 4b tends to be larger than the surface roughness of the front flank 4a.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the flank 4 of the insert body 2 is retracted from the flank 4 in the longitudinal direction L and in the width direction W on the side opposite to the cutting edge 5 (that is, below). A receding portion 6 is formed. The receding portion 6 is formed only at the end portion of the insert body 2 (the portion corresponding to the lower portion of the cutting edge 5), and is formed in the central portion of the insert body 2, that is, the body portion not directly involved in cutting. Not.

  Specifically, a front receding portion 6a that recedes from the front flank 4a to the inside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L is formed below the front flank 4a in the insert body 2. Further, a side receding portion 6b that recedes in the width direction W from the side flank 4b is formed below the side flank 4b in the insert body 2.

  What is indicated by reference sign w <b> 1 in FIG. 5 is a retraction amount by which the side receding portion 6 b is retreated in the width direction W from the end portion (side cutting edge 5 b described later) of the cutting edge 5 in the width direction W. The retraction amount w1 is variously set according to the shape and application of the cutting insert 1, but is, for example, 0.3 to 1 mm in this embodiment.

  In addition, what is indicated by a symbol h1 in FIG. 8 is a length along the height direction H of the side relief surface 4b, and what is indicated by a symbol h2 is a length along the height direction H of the side receding portion 6b. It is. In the present embodiment, the height of the side relief surface 4b with respect to the sum (h1 + h2) of the length h1 along the height direction H of the side relief surface 4b and the length h2 along the height direction H of the side receding portion 6b. The ratio of the length h1 along the direction H is 20 to 70%.

  In the top view of the insert body 2 shown in FIG. 7, the cutting edge 5 includes a front cutting edge 5 a extending along the width direction W at an end portion in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2, and both end portions of the front cutting edge 5 a. And a pair of side surface cutting edges 5b extending toward the inside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front cutting edge 5a forms an intersecting ridge line between the rake face 3 and the front flank 4a. Further, the side cutting edge 5b forms an intersecting ridge line between the rake face 3 and the side flank face 4b. In FIG. 7, in this embodiment, the pair of side surface cutting edges 5 b are inclined and extended so as to gradually reduce the distance from each other toward the inner side of the insert in the longitudinal direction L, and are provided with a back taper. Moreover, the intersection part of the front cutting edge 5a and the side cutting edge 5b is the corner edge 5c formed in the convex curve shape. Although not particularly illustrated, a wiper blade extending along the longitudinal direction L may be formed between the corner blade 5c and the side surface cutting blade 5b. Further, the corner blade 5c is not limited to the convex curve shape described above, and may be a chamfered shape constituted by straight lines that intersect with each other by forming an obtuse angle with the front cutting edge 5a and the side cutting edge 5b (or the wiper blade), for example.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, the convex curved corner blade 5c is formed, so that the flank 4 is positioned between the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b. A convex flank corner relief surface 4c is formed at the site. The corner flank 4c is formed with a grinding trace similar to the grinding trace of the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b described above. In the illustrated example, a grinding trace extending in the height direction H is formed. Has been.
1 and 2, the corner relief surface 4c extends along the height direction H, and is formed in an elongated conical surface shape whose width gradually decreases toward the lower side. The shape of the corner relief surface 4c is not limited to the conical surface shape of the present embodiment, and may be, for example, a cylindrical surface shape whose width does not change.

Although not specifically shown, the insert body 2 mainly has an IVa group element, a Va group element, a VIa group element, Al, Si, Y, Mn in the periodic table for the purpose of improving its wear resistance. A hard coating layer, which is a compound comprising at least one element selected from Ni, S and at least one element selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron, is formed on the grinding mark. At least one or more layers may be formed. In addition, although it is preferable that the hard coating layer is formed on both the grinding trace of the front flank 4a and the grinding trace of the side flank 4b, it may be formed on either one. The hard coating layer is formed as a single layer or two or more layers on the surface of the insert body 2 including at least the cutting edge 5 by, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD).
When the hard coating layer is formed by the PVD method, a known physical vapor deposition method such as an arc ion plating method, a holo cathode method, or a sputtering method can be appropriately used.

  As described above, according to the cutting insert 1 of the present embodiment, of the flank 4 adjacent to the cutting edge 5, the front flank 4a has a grinding mark (hereinafter referred to as “grinding trace”) extending in the height direction H of the insert body 2. , Referred to as a front grinding trace), and a grinding trace (hereinafter referred to as “longitudinal grinding trace”) extending toward the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2 as it goes downward in the height direction H of the insert body 2. , Called side grinding marks), the following effects are produced.

  For example, in peripheral surface machining (outer diameter grooving) such as outer diameter grooving, grooves formed on the peripheral surface of the work material by this cutting work are also formed in the cutting insert 1 in the same manner as the work material. On the other hand, it is moving along the rotation direction T of the work material (see reference numeral T shown in FIGS. 5 and 8). Specifically, the bottom wall of the groove of the work material formed close to the front flank 4a of the flank 4 of the cutting insert 1 (the surface facing the outside in the work material radial direction of the inner surface of the groove) is The front flank 4a moves toward the opposite side (that is, downward) of the direction H of the insert body 2 in the height direction H (see FIG. 5). Further, the side wall of the groove of the work material formed close to the side flank 4b of the flank 4 of the cutting insert 1 (the surface of the inner surface of the groove facing the work material axial direction) is the side flank. With respect to 4b, it moves so that it may go to the insert outer side of the longitudinal direction L of the insert main body 2 gradually as it goes below the height direction H of the insert main body 2 (refer FIG. 8).

  In the cutting insert 1 of this embodiment, the front grinding trace formed on the front flank 4a extends along the direction in which the bottom wall of the groove of the work material moves with respect to the front flank 4a, and Since the side surface grinding marks formed on the side flank 4b extend along the direction in which the side wall of the groove of the workpiece moves with respect to the side flank 4b, these flank 4 from the cutting edge 5 The welded material such as swarf (chip) that tends to grow toward the surface is easily removed from these flank surfaces 4 by contact with the work material. That is, even if the welded material is welded to the cutting edge 5, the welded material is removed early so that the welded material is guided by the grinding marks on the flank 4, and the growth of the weld is suppressed. It is difficult to form a large welded material that causes the cutting edge to be damaged.

In addition, by suppressing the welding of the cutting edge 5 in this way, the original shape of the cutting edge 5 can be easily transferred to the processing surface (finished surface) of the work material, and the processing surface can be curled or scratched. This makes it difficult to form the processing traces and improves the processing quality.
Further, the grinding traces on the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b both extend in a direction to reduce the cutting resistance with the work material, and chips and the like are discharged so as to be guided by these grinding traces. Since it is easy, a burr | flash is hard to generate | occur | produce on a processed surface and a favorable finished surface can be obtained.

  Thus, according to the cutting insert 1 of the present embodiment, the growth of welding on the cutting edge 5 can be suppressed, thereby maintaining a high-quality sharpness stably and preventing the cutting edge from being broken, The service life can be extended and good surface finish accuracy can be obtained over a long period of time.

  Further, as described above, the side surface grinding trace of the side flank 4b gradually extends toward the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2 as it goes downward in the height direction H of the insert body 2. The effect of suppressing the size of chipping in the insert height direction H and further extending the tool life, and the effect of improving the welding resistance by smoothing the ridgeline of the cutting edge 5 (side cutting edge 5b) are obtained. These will be described below.

First, the effect of suppressing the chipping and extending the tool life will be described.
The chipping amount in the insert height direction H greatly affects the tool performance, and particularly has a close relationship with the tool life. Therefore, it is extremely important for the cutting tool (cutting insert 1) to suppress this.
Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention have verified the occurrence mechanism of abnormal defects caused by welding as described above. It was also confirmed that there was a case where chipping due to welding grew along the grinding marks and became a chipping in the 5 cutting edge portion (lateral cutting edge).

  In order to solve this, for example, it is conceivable to make the count of the cup-type grindstone 10 used for manufacturing the cutting insert 1 fine (high). That is, the surface roughness of the flank 4 is controlled to be small by setting the count of the cup-type grindstone 10 to make it difficult for the side cutting edge 5b to be welded or before it grows even if welding occurs. A technique for facilitating removal from the cutting edge 5 is conceivable. However, in this case, clogging and the like during grinding increase, and the processing time is extended and workability is reduced. That is, productivity is reduced, for example, the cycle time is extended and the dressing / truing interval of the cup-type grindstone 10 is shortened.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, by forming the side grinding marks having the above-described configuration, while ensuring the workability and productivity of grinding at the time of manufacturing, even when cutting the work material, even if the side cutting edge is cut Even when chipping occurs in 5b, the chipping extends in a direction inclined with respect to the height direction H of the insert body 2 so as to follow the side surface grinding trace, and therefore the length of chipping along the height direction H ( Chipping amount) can be suppressed.
Thus, since the chipping amount in the insert height direction H is suppressed, the cutting insert 1 can be used for cutting over a long period of time, and the tool life is further extended.

Here, what is shown in FIG. 10 (a) is the side flank 4 b and the rake face 3 of the cutting insert 1 of the present embodiment (the present invention) in which the grinding mark extends with an inclination with respect to the height direction H. FIG. 11A is an enlarged image of the vicinity of the side cutting edge 5b forming an intersecting ridge line. FIG. 11A shows a side flank 4b and a rake face 3 of a conventional cutting insert in which grinding marks extend along the height direction H. It is an enlarged image of the side cutting edge 5b vicinity which makes an intersection ridgeline with. In these drawings, the vicinity of the side cutting edge 5b is simplified.
When the grinding trace on the side flank 4b in FIG. 10 (a) and the grinding trace on the side flank 4b in FIG. 11 (a) are formed by the same grinding wheel, the side cutting edge 5b follows the grinding trace. When chipping of the same length occurs, the amount of chipping along the height direction H that affects the tool life is less than that of the conventional cutting insert of FIG. The shape of the cutting insert 1 (product of the present invention) is shorter. In this way, since the amount of chipping of the side cutting edge 5b that is particularly likely to cause welding or chipping is suppressed in the product of the present invention, the tool life can be extended.
In general, as the clearance angle of the side flank increases, the cutting edge strength decreases, so that chipping and chipping are likely to occur during cutting. In the product of the present invention, the clearance angle of the side flank 4b is set to 0 ° to 20 °, for example, but the tool life can be extended by suppressing the chipping amount as described above. The effect is great when the clearance angle of the side flank 4b is 5 ° or more, that is, 5 ° to 20 °.

Next, the effect of improving the welding resistance by smoothing the ridgeline of the side cutting edge 5b will be described.
Considering the productivity in manufacturing the cutting insert 1, it is preferable that the cup-type grindstone 10 for grinding the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b is the same. In this way, the side flank 4b is ground with the same grindstone as in the cutting insert 1 of the present invention in FIG. In this case, the ridge line of the side cutting edge 5b that forms the intersecting ridge line between the side flank face 4b and the rake face 3 on which the side surface grinding mark is formed becomes smooth due to the side grinding trace having the above-described configuration. Specifically, when the flank 4 is ground and the cutting edge 5 is sharply formed, when the edge of the cutting edge 5 is observed with an electron microscope or the like, a plurality of extremely small peaks and valleys are formed adjacent to each other. However, the distance between the adjacent ridges and valleys adjacent to each other at the side cutting edge 5b, which is an intersecting ridge line between the side flank 4b and the rake face 3, in which a conventional grinding mark extending in the insert height direction H is formed. On the other hand, the space | interval of the said peak part and trough part in the side surface cutting edge 5b of this invention becomes wide.

Here, what is shown in FIG. 10 (b) is an enlarged image of the minimum peaks and valleys formed on the ridgeline of the side cutting edge 5b of the cutting insert 1 according to the present embodiment (the present invention). What is shown in (b) is an enlarged image of minimal peaks and valleys formed on the ridgeline of the side cutting edge 5b of the conventional cutting insert.
When the side surface cutting edges 5b shown in FIG. 10B and FIG. 11B are formed by grinding with a grindstone having the same count, the grinding marks and the cutting edge 5 intersect perpendicularly. In the side cutting edge 5b in FIG. 10 (b) where the grinding trace and the cutting edge 5 intersect with the side cutting edge 5b in FIG.

That is, the side grinding trace in the cutting insert 1 of the present invention is inclined with respect to the side cutting edge 5b as compared with the conventional cutting insert formed so that the side grinding trace intersects the side cutting edge 5b perpendicularly. Therefore, the cutting edge ridgeline of the side cutting edge 5b becomes smoother (that is, the repetition cycle between adjacent minimum crests and troughs becomes longer).
Thus, since the ridgeline of the side cutting edge 5b can be made smoother while ensuring productivity, the effect of suppressing the welding to the side cutting edge 5b that is particularly likely to cause chipping as described above is significantly obtained. It is done.

In addition, since the angle θ at which the side grinding marks are inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2 is 45 ° to 70 °, the effect of suppressing the welding and chipping of the side cutting edge 5b becomes more remarkable.
Specifically, when the angle θ at which the side grinding trace is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2 is less than 45 °, the welded material to be grown from the side cutting edge 5b toward the side relief surface 4b is formed. The contact with the work material may make it difficult to obtain the effect that the side flank 4b is likely to fall off. Further, when the angle θ at which the side surface grinding mark is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2 exceeds 70 °, the chipping length (the amount of chipping) along the height direction H of the insert body 2 at the side cutting edge 5b. ) May be difficult to obtain.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, when the grinding trace of the side flank 4b extends in a curved shape having a curvature radius of 75 to 200 mm, the center of curvature is outside the insert in the longitudinal direction L with respect to the virtual tangent VL. (That is, the grinding trace of the side flank 4b has a convex curve toward the inside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L). In this case, the side surface grinding traces extend along the rotation direction T of the work material (so as to be parallel), and the above-described effect becomes more remarkable. On the contrary, the grinding trace of the side flank 4b extending in a curved shape has its center of curvature located inside the insert in the longitudinal direction L with respect to the virtual tangent VL (that is, the grinding trace of the side flank 4b). May be a convex curve toward the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L).

In this embodiment, since the surface roughness of the grinding marks on the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b is 0.04 to 0.12 μm in terms of arithmetic average roughness Ra, the above-described effects of the grinding marks are ensured. And the finished surface accuracy of the work material can be sufficiently secured.
That is, when the surface roughness of the grinding trace is less than 0.04 μm in Ra, the welded material to be grown from the cutting edge 5 toward the flank 4 is guided to the grinding trace on the flank 4. There is a possibility that the above-described effect of being removed early and suppressing welding is not sufficiently obtained. Further, when the surface roughness of the grinding mark exceeds 0.12 μm in Ra, it becomes difficult to smoothly form the cutting edge 5 ridge line intersecting with the grinding mark, and finishing of the work material cut by the cutting edge 5 There is a possibility that sufficient surface accuracy cannot be secured, and in this case, there is a possibility that large chipping is likely to occur.
Therefore, the surface roughness of the grinding mark on the flank 4 is preferably within the above-mentioned range.

  Moreover, this cutting insert 1 is made into the sintered skin which does not grind (polishing) the attachment surface (lower surface 2a) which faces the rake face 3 side (namely, downward) among the height directions H of the insert main body 2 at least. As a result, the cutting edge 5 is secured as described above, but the manufacturing is simple and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In addition, since the mounting surface is not ground, the positional accuracy of the mounting surface is stably ensured, so that the mounting stability when the cutting insert 1 is mounted on the holder of the blade-type replaceable grooving tool is increased.

Further, since the sintered skin generally has a surface roughness larger than that of the ground surface, the cutting insert 1 and the holder are attached by attaching the cutting insert 1 to the holder using the mounting surface which is the sintered surface. A large frictional resistance is ensured, and unintended relative movement is restricted, so that the cutting insert 1 can be more stably fixed to the holder.
In addition, it is preferable that the mounting surface of the cutting insert 1 is an unground sintered skin in this way because the above-described effects are obtained, but the mounting surface may be ground.

  Specifically, in the present embodiment, the contact surface including the mounting surface (the portion of the outer surface of the insert body 2 that is in contact with the insert mounting seat of the holder, the lower surface 2a, the upper surface center portion 2b, and the front receding portion. 6a and the like) are all sintered skin, and thus the above-described effects can be obtained more remarkably.

  Also, in general, in this type of grooving cutting insert, the contact area of the holder to be mounted with the insert mounting seat is ensured as large as possible, and other than the cutting edge of the insert main body during cutting. It is preferable that the part does not come into contact with the work material. In particular, when the pair of pressing surfaces (the top wall surface and the bottom wall surface) of the insert mounting seat are supported and fixed so as to sandwich the insert body 2 from the height direction H, like the holder described in the present embodiment, the upper surface side of the insert The abutment area (the abutment area between the upper surface central portion 2b of the insert body 2 and the top wall surface of the insert mounting seat) can be relatively easily secured, but the abutment area on the bottom surface side of the insert (the bottom surface 2a of the insert body 2) The contact area between the insert mounting seat and the bottom wall surface is likely to interfere with the work material during the cutting process, and it has been difficult to sufficiently ensure the contact area.

  According to the cutting insert 1 of the present embodiment, the retracted portion 6 is formed at the end portion in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2, and the retracted portion 6 corresponds to a portion below the cutting edge 5 of the insert body 2. On the other hand, it is not formed at the central portion (body portion) in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2. Specifically, by forming the retreating portion 6, the front lower portion and the side lower portion of the insert body 2 corresponding to the position of the cutting edge 5 of the insert body 2 are retreated one step from the cutting edge 5 and the flank 4 portion. Thus, the contact between the insert body 2 and the work material is suppressed, and the workability is enhanced. And since it is only the edge part of the insert main body 2 that the recessed part 6 is formed, the contact | abutting area with the insert mounting seat in the lower surface 2a center part of this insert main body 2 is fully ensured, and with respect to a holder The mounting stability of the cutting insert 1 is improved.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the receding portion 6 is formed of sintered skin, the equipment cost can be reduced and the productivity can be improved. That is, unlike the present embodiment, for example, when the retreat portion 6 is formed by grinding, the shape of the grinding wheel to be used and the grinding method are limited depending on the shape of the surface to be processed, and the cutting edge 5 is simultaneously ground. It is difficult to process the receding part 6 (in the same process), and it may be necessary to perform separate setup (separate process) and processing in another facility.
On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, the retreating portion 6 is molded and no grinding process is required for its formation, so that the cost can be reduced, the manufacturing is simple, and the workability is improved.

In particular, as in the present embodiment, the side surface receding portion 6b that recedes in the width direction W from the side flank 4b is formed below the side flank 4b in the height direction H of the insert body 2, The following effects are obtained.
That is, in this embodiment, when the cutting insert 1 is manufactured, it is not necessary to grind the entire side surface of the insert body 2 when the side flank 4b is ground to form the side cutting edge 5b sharply. . Specifically, in the manufacture of the cutting insert 1, it is not necessary to grind the side receding portion 6b, and only the side flank 4b can be ground to form the cutting edge 5 (side cutting edge 5b), which is easy to manufacture. Productivity is good.
In addition, about this effect, it is the same also about the structure by which the front receding part 6a which recedes in the longitudinal direction L from this front flank 4a in the height direction H of the front flank 4a in the insert main body 2 is formed. Is obtained.

  Further, since the side receding portion 6b is receded from the side flank 4b, for example, when the cutting insert 1 is used for end face grooving, the side wall of the groove formed on the end face of the work material (the inner face of the groove). It is a surface which faces a work material radial direction among these, and can especially prevent contact with the side surface (lower side surface side) of the insert main body 2 and the surface which faces a radial direction inner side. Therefore, the workability of the work material is improved.

  Moreover, since the clearance angle of the side surface cutting edge 5b can be set to be smaller while preventing the contact between the side wall of the groove of the work material and the lower side surface of the insert body 2 as described above, the side surface cutting edge 5b can thereby be set. The blade edge strength can be secured.

  Moreover, when the side retreating part 6b is formed, when the side cutting edge 5b is formed sharply as described above when the cutting insert 1 is manufactured, the mounting surface (which is directed downward in the height direction H of the insert body 2) ( The lower surface 2a) is prevented from being cut by grinding. That is, although the lower surface 2a of the insert body 2 is continuous with the side recess portion 6b, the side recess portion 6b is not ground, and therefore the lower surface 2a is not ground.

  In particular, the end in the longitudinal direction L of the lower surface 2a of the insert body 2 is likely to be related to the mounting stability and mounting position accuracy of the cutting insert 1 with respect to the insert mounting seat. It is desirable that the end of the lower surface 2a is not ground. According to this embodiment, the position of the lower surface 2a of the cutting insert 1 with respect to the holder is stabilized, and the mounting posture of the cutting insert 1 at the time of cutting is stabilized.

In addition, the front receding part 6a among the receding parts 6 also has the same effect as the side receding part 6b described above because the front receding part 6a is formed.
Specifically, by forming the front receding portion 6a, contact between the bottom wall of the groove of the work material and the front surface (lower front surface) of the insert body 2 can be prevented. Further, the clearance angle of the front cutting edge 5a can be set small, and the edge strength can be ensured. Moreover, when the front cutting edge 5a is formed sharply at the time of manufacture of the cutting insert 1, it is prevented that the lower surface 2a of the insert main body 2 is shaved by grinding. That is, although the lower surface 2a of the insert body 2 is connected to the front receding portion 6a, the lower surface 2a is not ground because the front receding portion 6a is not ground.

Further, in FIG. 8, the ratio (ratio) of the length h1 of the side clearance surface 4b in the insert height direction H to the sum (h1 + h2) of the length of the side clearance surface 4b and the side receding portion 6b in the insert height direction H. That is, since h1 / (h1 + h2) is 20 to 70%, workability (workability) at the time of manufacturing the cutting insert 1 can be improved while ensuring the strength of the cutting edge 5.
Specifically, on the side surface of the insert body 2, the length h1 of the side flank 4b in the height direction H is the sum (h1 + h2) of the length of the side flank 4b and the side receding portion 6b in the height direction H. On the other hand, when it is less than 20%, when this cutting insert 1 is used for cutting with a high load, such as when the depth of cut is increased, the edge strength of the side cutting edge 5b may not be sufficiently secured. Further, when the length h1 in the height direction H of the side flank 4b exceeds 70% with respect to the sum of the lengths H in the height direction H of the side flank 4b and the side receding portion 6b (h1 + h2). The chip generated during cutting easily comes into contact with the cutting insert 1, and in this case, the area of the side flank 4 b becomes large and the grinding area at the time of manufacturing the cutting insert 1 becomes large. May be complicated. In addition, in the above-described end face grooving or the like, there is a high possibility that the groove side wall and the side flank 4b come into contact with each other, and the workability of the work material may be reduced, and chips or work pieces may be cut during cutting. The insert may be damaged by contact with the material itself, and cutting may have to be stopped.

  Further, in FIG. 5, the retraction amount w <b> 1 by which the side retreating portion 6 b retreats in the width direction W with respect to the side cutting edge 5 b is 0.3 to 1 mm, so the escape amount from the work material is ensured. Thus, the strength of the edge of the side cutting edge 5b can be ensured while preventing contact.

  That is, when the retraction amount w1 is less than 0.3 mm, there is a possibility of contact with the work material, particularly in end face grooving. Further, when the retraction amount w1 exceeds 1 mm, the thickness of the cutting edge directed downward from the side cutting edge 5b cannot be secured sufficiently, and the cutting edge strength may be reduced. Moreover, in this case, the length along the width direction W of the mounting surface (lower surface 2a) of the insert body 2 cannot be sufficiently secured, and the mounting stability and mounting position accuracy of the cutting insert 1 with respect to the holder may be reduced.

  Further, the insert body 2 of the present embodiment is made of a cemented carbide, and the insert body 2 includes a group IVa element, a group Va element, a group VIa element, Al, Si, Y, Mn, Ni, S in the periodic table. At least one element selected from the group consisting of at least one element selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and boron. In this case, the following effects can be obtained.

  That is, in this case, the specific material of the hard coating layer formed on the insert body 2 by, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) may be selected from the above. As the insert 1, Ti-based hard coatings such as TiC, TiCN, TiN, TiAlN, TiAlCrN, TiAlCrSiN, TiAlNbN, and AlCrN are particularly effective for extending the tool life.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the cutting edge 5 and the receding portion 6 are formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction L of the insert body 2, but the cutting is performed only at one of the both ends. The blade 5 and the retreat part 6 may be formed.

  Further, although the cutting edge 5 is provided with the corner edge 5c (and the wiper edge) between the front edge 5a and the side edge 5b, such a corner edge 5c (and the wiper edge) is formed. It doesn't have to be. In this case, the corner flank 4c may not be formed. However, the configuration of the present embodiment is preferable because large chipping at the corner portion of the cutting edge 5 is prevented and the processing surface accuracy can be stably maintained at high quality.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the cup-type grindstone 10 which is a grinding grindstone is used for grinding the flank 4 for forming the cutting edge 5 sharply. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Other than that, for example, a disc-shaped grinding wheel may be used.

  Further, in the state where the cutting insert 1 is mounted on the insert mounting seat of the holder, the rake face 3 of the cutting insert 1 is arranged so as to face upward in the vertical direction. The mounting posture is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

  In the above-described embodiment, the cutting insert 1 is used for outer diameter grooving and end face grooving (that is, the cutting insert 1 for outer diameter grooving). However, the present invention is not limited to this. Alternatively, it may be used for other purposes such as inner diameter grooving or parting off. However, the product of the present invention is most suitable for use as a cutting insert 1 for outer diameter grooving.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[Confirmation test on the inclination angle of grinding marks]
First, a confirmation test was performed on the relationship between the inclination angle of each grinding mark formed on the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b, the state of the cutting edge 5 after cutting, and the finished surface accuracy of the work material.

A P15 grade raw material powder was press-molded and then sintered to prepare a two-corner grooving cutting insert material shown in FIG.
This cutting insert is for a groove width of 3 mm, and the width of the cutting insert material at both ends of the cutting edge 5 part is manufactured by adding a grinding allowance to the width of 3 mm of the cutting edge 5 part of the cutting insert 1 after grinding. . In addition, in the longitudinal direction L of the cutting insert material, as in the width direction W, the cutting insert material was molded with a dimension to which a grinding allowance was added.
Then, 5 parts of cutting blades were ground with respect to these cutting insert raw materials using the cup type grindstone 10 (outer diameter 200 mm) of grindstone count # 400.

For the front flank 4a and the side flank 4b, the angle of the grinding mark was changed by changing the processing point of the grinding wheel, and samples shown in Table 1 below were manufactured. Specifically, Examples 1 to 5 which are products of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 which are not products of the present invention were manufactured. In Table 1, “front flank grinding mark angle” means a grinding mark formed on the front flank 4a when the insert body 2 shown in FIG. 5 is viewed from the longitudinal direction L (direction of the central axis O). Is an angle inclined with respect to the width direction W. Therefore, for example, if the “front flank grinding mark angle” is 90 °, the grinding mark is parallel to the height direction H. In Table 1, “side flank grinding trace angle” means that the grinding trace formed on the side flank 4b in the longitudinal direction L (in the side view of the insert body 2 shown in FIG. If the “side flank grinding trace angle” is 90 °, for example, the grinding trace is parallel to the height direction H.
Each cutting insert uses a nylon brush containing abrasive grains after grinding of the flank 4, and the cutting edge 5 is rounded with a radius of 0.04 mm.

Next, a cutting test was performed under the following conditions.
That is, the conditions of the cutting test were wet on the outer peripheral surface of the work material: JIS-S45C, cutting speed: 120 m / min, feed speed: 0.1 mm / rev, groove depth: 6.0 mm. Cutting (outer diameter grooving) was performed, and the state of the cutting edge 5 after 5 minutes of actual machining time and the finished surface accuracy of the work material were evaluated.
Table 2 below shows the results of this cutting test.

From the results of the cutting test in Table 2, the grinding trace angle of the side flank 4b is 90 ° (parallel to the height direction H), and the grinding trace angle of the side flank 4b is in the height direction H. In Examples 1 to 5, which are formed to extend toward the outside of the insert in the longitudinal direction L as it goes downward, there is little chipping or welding on the cutting edge 5 after use. 5 shows normal wear and little chipping or welding, and the finished surface precision of the work material is excellent. This is presumably because the welding that occurred on the cutting edge 5 during cutting dropped off in a relatively initial state, and its growth was hindered.
Further, the grinding trace angle of the side flank 4b is the same as that of Example 3, but the comparative example 2 in which the grinding trace angle of the front flank 4a is not parallel to the height direction H causes large welding on the front cutting edge 5a. The finished surface accuracy of the work material was inferior to that of Examples 1 to 5. This is presumed to be because the effect of suppressing welding in the front cutting edge 5a is less than in Examples 1-5.

[Confirmation test on side flank height ratio and mounting surface condition]
Next, the ratio (ratio) of the length h1 along the height direction H of the side clearance surface 4b to the sum (h1 + h2) of the length along the height direction H of the side clearance surface 4b and the side receding portion 6b, that is, h1 /. A confirmation test was performed on the relationship between (h1 + h2) and the state of the lower surface 2a, which is the mounting surface of the insert body 2 to the insert mounting seat of the tool body, and the state of the cutting edge 5 after cutting.

After press-molding P25 grade raw material powder, it is sintered to prepare a cutting insert material for grooving for a 2-corner type and a groove width of 2 mm, and a cup-type grinding stone 10 is used to grind 5 parts of the cutting edge. It was.
In addition, the length ratio (h1: h2) of the height direction H of the side flank 4b and the side receding portion 6b shown in FIG. 8 was changed by changing the material shape, and samples shown in Table 3 below were manufactured. . Specifically, Examples 6 to 11 which are products of the present invention and Comparative Example 3 which is not a product of the present invention were manufactured. Moreover, about Example 11 and Comparative Example 3, the lower surface 2a which is an attachment surface with a tool main body was formed by grinding.
Each cutting insert uses a brush after grinding the flank 4 and rounds the cutting edge 5 with a radius of 0.03 mm.

Next, a cutting test was performed under the following conditions.
That is, the cutting test conditions were wet on the outer peripheral surface of the work material: JIS-SCM440, cutting speed: 160 m / min, feed speed: 0.12 mm / rev, groove depth: 4.0 mm. Cutting (outer diameter grooving) was performed, and the state of the cutting edge 5 after 3 minutes of actual machining time was evaluated. In addition, when an abnormal defect occurred during cutting, the cutting was stopped at that time and the cutting time until that time was evaluated.
Table 4 below shows the results of this cutting test.

From the results of the cutting test in Table 4, in Examples 6 to 11, although some chipping edges 5 are observed with minute chipping, no abnormal defects are observed. Among them, “the ratio of the height of the side flank h1 / ( h1 + h2) ”was 20 to 70%, and in Examples 7 to 9 in which the lower surface (mounting surface) 2a was sintered skin, cutting was completed with normal wear, and good results were obtained.
On the other hand, in the comparative example 3 in which the mounting surface to the tool body is ground and the grinding mark angle of the side flank 4b is 90 °, the cutting edge caused by the growth of the weld generated during the cutting is obtained. Due to the defect, cutting was completed in a short time (1 minute 13 seconds).

[Confirmation test for hard coating layer]
Next, at least one element selected from IVa group element, Va group element, VIa group element, Al, Si, Y, Mn, Ni, S in the periodic table, and carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, boron Cutting after cutting in the insert body 2 in which the hard coating layer, which is a compound composed of at least one element selected from the above, is formed on the grinding traces on the front flank 4a and on the grinding traces on the side flank 4b A confirmation test was performed on the state of the blade 5 and the finished surface accuracy of the work material.

  Arc ion, which is a kind of PVD (physical vapor deposition) method, is applied to the surface of the insert body 2 with respect to the cutting insert having the grinding marks of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 in the above-mentioned [Confirmation Test Regarding Grinding Mark Inclination Angle]. Various hard coating layers were formed by vapor deposition using a plating apparatus, and as shown in Table 5 below, Examples 12 to 14 which are products of the present invention and Comparative Example 4 which was not a product of the present invention were manufactured.

Next, a cutting test was performed under the following conditions.
That is, the cutting test conditions were wet on the outer peripheral surface of the work material: JIS-S55C, cutting speed: 200 m / min, feed speed: 0.12 mm / rev, groove depth: 6.0 mm. Cutting (outer diameter grooving) was performed, and the state of the cutting edge 5 after 10 minutes of actual machining time and the finished surface accuracy of the work material were evaluated.
Table 6 below shows the results of this cutting test.

From the results of the cutting test shown in Table 6, all of the cutting inserts 1 of Examples 12 to 14 had normal wear with no abnormal damage in the cutting edge 5 state, and the finished surface accuracy of the work material was also good.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 4 in which the grinding trace angle of the side flank 4b is 90 ° (parallel to the height direction H), even when the hard coating layer is formed by vapor deposition on the grinding trace, the cutting edge 5 is welded. The finished surface of the work material also became a cloudy surface, which was inferior to Examples 12-14.
From these results, the effects of the present invention could be confirmed even when the surface of the insert body 2 was subjected to various coating treatments.

1 Cutting insert 2 Insert body 2a Lower surface (mounting surface)
3 rake face 4 flank face 4a front flank face 4b side flank face 5 cutting edge 6b side receding part H height direction of insert body h1 length along height direction of side flank face h2 along height direction of side receding part Length L Longitudinal direction of the insert body VL Virtual tangent line W Width direction of the insert body θ Angle at which side grinding marks are inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body

Claims (6)

An axial insert body,
A rake face that is disposed at an end of the insert body in the longitudinal direction and faces upward in a height direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction;
A pair of front flank surfaces that are disposed at the longitudinal ends of the insert body, intersect the rake face, face the insert outer side in the longitudinal direction, and face the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the height direction. A flank having a side flank;
A cutting edge forming a cross ridge line between the rake face and the flank face,
Grinding marks extending in the height direction are formed on the front flank,
The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein a grinding mark extending gradually toward the outer side of the insert in the longitudinal direction is formed on the side flank face as it goes downward in the height direction. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
In a side view of the insert body viewed from the width direction,
The grinding trace of the side flank extends linearly, and the angle at which the grinding trace is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body is 45 ° to 70 °. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
In a side view of the insert body viewed from the width direction,
The grinding trace of the side flank extends in a curved shape having a curvature radius of 75 to 200 mm, and the angle at which the virtual tangent at the midpoint of the entire grinding trace is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insert body is 45 A cutting insert characterized by an angle of from ˜70 °. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A cutting insert characterized in that at least the attachment surface to the tool body facing downward in the height direction of the insert body is a sintered skin. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A side receding portion that recedes in the width direction from the side flank is formed below the side flank in the insert body in the height direction,
The ratio of the length along the height direction of the side flank to the sum of the length along the height direction of the side flank and the side receding portion is 20 to 70%. Cutting insert. The cutting insert according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The insert body is made of cemented carbide,
The insert body includes at least one element selected from IVa group element, Va group element, VIa group element, Al, Si, Y, Mn, Ni, and S in the periodic table, and carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. A cutting insert in which at least one hard coating layer, which is a compound composed of at least one element selected from boron, is formed on the grinding mark.

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