JP2013184107A - Method for solubilizing wastewater containing used tea leaf - Google Patents
Method for solubilizing wastewater containing used tea leaf Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000004252 protein component Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940059442 hemicellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010002430 hemicellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、飲料工場等から排出される茶滓含有排水を可溶化する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for solubilizing teacup-containing wastewater discharged from a beverage factory or the like.
飲料工場等から大量の茶粕等のバイオマス廃棄物が発生している。従来このような廃棄物の大部分はコンポスト処理あるいは焼却処理されている。 A large amount of biomass waste such as teacups is generated from beverage factories. Conventionally, most of such waste is composted or incinerated.
コンポスト処理においては、毎日大量に発生するバイオマス廃棄物をコンポスト処理するための広大な敷地と安定的な受け入れ先の確保が難しい。焼却処理においては、バイオマス廃棄物が水分を含有するため多量の焼却用エネルギーが必要であり、さらにその他の廃棄物との混合焼却に伴うダイオキシン発生のおそれがあるため、経済的ではなくまた環境保護の点から好ましくない。このためバイオマス廃棄物の処理には改善が求められている。 In composting, it is difficult to secure a large site and a stable receiving place for composting biomass waste generated in large quantities every day. In incineration treatment, biomass waste contains water, so a large amount of energy for incineration is required, and dioxins may be generated due to incineration with other waste. From the point of view, it is not preferable. For this reason, improvement is required for the treatment of biomass waste.
そこで、これらバイオマスは工場から安定した量が排出されること、他の一般廃棄物と別個に排出されることから異物混入がなく品質が安定していること、さらに臭気が少ないといった特徴が着目され、近年のゼロエミッション等の廃棄物の複合有効処理思想の高まりをも受けて、より効率のよい処理方法が模索されてはじめている。たとえば、廃棄物を生ゴミと混合して堆肥化する処理方法や、炭化処理して活性炭として利用する再利用処理方法などの再利用化が研究されている（たとえば特許文献１）。 Therefore, attention has been paid to the features that these biomasses are discharged in a stable amount from the factory, that they are discharged separately from other general waste, and that the quality is stable with no contamination from foreign matter, and that there is less odor. However, in response to the recent increase in the concept of combined effective treatment of waste such as zero emission, a more efficient treatment method is being sought. For example, research has been conducted on reuse such as a treatment method in which waste is mixed with raw garbage and composted, or a reuse treatment method in which carbonization is used as activated carbon (for example, Patent Document 1).
また、このような廃棄物をメタン発酵してメタンガスを得る試みもなされている（たとえば特許文献２）。 In addition, attempts have been made to obtain methane gas by subjecting such waste to methane fermentation (for example, Patent Document 2).
このような廃棄物は固形成分が硬質であるとともに、生分解されにくいという特徴があり、このような廃棄物をいかにして可溶化し、メタン発酵可能な状況にさせるかが大きな課題となっていた。 Such waste is characterized by its hard solid components and difficulty in biodegradation, and how to make such waste solubilized and ready for methane fermentation is a major issue. It was.
そこで、本発明は上記実状に鑑み、上記バイオマス廃棄物のうち特に茶滓に焦点を絞り、茶滓を効率よく可溶化する方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, in view of the above situation, the present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently solubilizing teacups by focusing on teacups among the biomass wastes.
茶滓を構成する材料の主成分がセルロースであることを踏まえ、茶滓を可溶化する際に、一般的にはセルラーゼを主成分とする酵素処理液を添加して茶滓を構成する材料の成分を分解低分子化することが考えられるが、本発明者らが研究した結果、この方法はあまり有効なものではないことが明らかになった。そこでさらに、本発明者らが鋭意研究した結果、意外にも、ペクチナーゼおよびプロテアーゼを主成分とする酵素処理液が茶滓の可溶化に有効であることを新たに明らかにした。本発明は、この新知見に基づくものである。
〔構成１〕
上記目的を達成するための本発明の特徴構成は、茶滓含有排水にペクチナーゼおよびプロテアーゼを主成分とする酵素処理液を添加する点にある。
〔作用効果１〕
本発明者等は、前記茶滓の構成材料は、セルロース、リグニンが６０％（質量％を示す。以下同じ）以上を占めるのに対して、たんぱく質成分も４０％程度含有することがわかり、セルラーゼによる分解低分子化のみならず、プロテアーゼによる分解低分子化が有効である可能性があるものと予測し、さらに、たんぱく質成分に占めるペクチン量も約３．３％程度含まれていることに着目し、ペクチナーゼについても検討し、種々条件下で茶滓の可溶化試験を行ったところ、意外にもペクチナーゼを用いた場合に、セルラーゼを用いるよりも有意に高い可溶化能力を示すことを見出した。
Based on the fact that the main component of the material constituting the teacup is cellulose, when the teacup is solubilized, an enzyme treatment solution containing cellulase as a main component is generally added to the material constituting the teacup. Although it is conceivable to reduce the molecular weight of the components, as a result of studies conducted by the present inventors, it has become clear that this method is not very effective. Therefore, as a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it was newly clarified that an enzyme treatment solution containing pectinase and protease as main components is effective for solubilization of teacups. The present invention is based on this new finding.
[Configuration 1]
The characteristic configuration of the present invention for achieving the above object is that an enzyme treatment liquid mainly composed of pectinase and protease is added to teacup-containing wastewater.
[Operation effect 1]
The present inventors have found that the constituent material of the tea bowl contains cellulose and lignin in 60% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter) or more, whereas the protein component also contains about 40%. It is predicted that there is a possibility that degradation and molecular weight reduction by protease as well as degradation by molecular weight by protease may be effective, and attention is paid to the fact that about 3.3% of pectin in protein components is included. However, we also examined pectinase and conducted a solubilization test of teacups under various conditions. Surprisingly, it was found that when pectinase was used, it showed significantly higher solubilizing ability than using cellulase. .
すなわち、茶滓を可溶化する際には、最も優先的に用いるべき酵素はペクチナーゼ、次にプロテアーゼの順であることを明らかにすることができた。そして、これら両成分が主成分として含まれる酵素処理液が、きわめて高い可溶化率を達成するうえで有効であることを明らかにした。換言すると、ペクチナーゼおよびプロテアーゼを主成分とする酵素処理液の添加により、きわめて効率的に茶滓の可溶化をおこなうとともにメタン発酵を実行させることができることがわかった。 That is, it was clarified that the enzyme that should be used most preferentially in the solubilization of teacups is pectinase and then protease. And it was clarified that the enzyme treatment liquid containing these two components as main components is effective in achieving a very high solubilization rate. In other words, it has been found that the addition of an enzyme treatment solution containing pectinase and protease as main components enables solubilization of the teacup and efficient execution of methane fermentation.
なお、本発明において「主成分とする」という場合、他の有効成分を含んでいてもよいが、他の成分に比して可溶化のためによく働く成分として含んでいることを意味し、含有割合によらず、主に機能する成分として含まれていればよいものとする。 In addition, in the present invention, when it is referred to as “main component”, it may contain other active ingredients, but means that it is contained as an ingredient that works better for solubilization than other ingredients, It should just be contained as a component which mainly functions irrespective of a content rate.
〔構成２〕
また、前記酵素処理液がさらにセルラーゼを含有することが好ましい。
[Configuration 2]
Moreover, it is preferable that the said enzyme treatment liquid contains a cellulase further.
〔作用効果２〕
また、追加の実験によると、セルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、プロテアーゼを含む酵素処理液によれば、茶滓構成成分の大部分を効率よく分解しうることを明らかにすることができ、このような構成により、きわめて効率的に茶滓の可溶化をおこなうとともにメタン発酵を実行させることができることがわかった。
[Operation effect 2]
Further, according to an additional experiment, according to the enzyme treatment liquid containing cellulase, pectinase, and protease, it can be clarified that most of the components of the tea bowl can be efficiently decomposed. It was found that methane fermentation can be performed while solubilizing tea bowls very efficiently.
したがって、きわめて効率的に茶滓の可溶化をおこなうとともにメタン発酵を実行させることができるようになり、従来、茶滓の処理をおこなう場合に、大規模な可溶化槽およびメタン発酵槽を用いる必要があったところ、コンパクトにかつ省エネルギーで茶滓を可溶化するとともに、メタン発酵が可能になるので、廃棄物の効率的な処理の観点できわめて有用であるといえる。 Therefore, it becomes possible to solubilize tea bowls and perform methane fermentation very efficiently, and conventionally, when processing tea bowls, it is necessary to use large-scale solubilization tanks and methane fermentation tanks. As a result, tea can be solubilized in a compact and energy-saving manner, and methane fermentation becomes possible, so it can be said that it is extremely useful from the viewpoint of efficient treatment of waste.
以下に、本発明の茶滓含有排水の可溶化方法を説明する。なお、以下に好適な実施例を記すが、これら実施例はそれぞれ、本発明をより具体的に例示するために記載されたものであって、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変更が可能であり、本発明は、以下の記載に限定されるものではない。 Below, the solubilization method of the teacup containing waste water of this invention is demonstrated. In addition, although suitable examples are described below, these examples are described in order to more specifically illustrate the present invention, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following description.
〔茶滓含有排水の可溶化方法〕
本発明の茶滓含有排水の可溶化方法は、飲料工場等から排出される茶滓含有排水を一時貯留する貯留槽に、ペクチナーゼおよびプロテアーゼを主成分とする酵素処理液を添加する工程をおこなうものである。酵素処理液を添加された茶滓含有排水は、前記貯留槽内で可溶化された後、メタン発酵槽にてメタン発酵に供される。
[Method of solubilizing teacup-containing wastewater]
The method for solubilizing teacup-containing wastewater according to the present invention includes a step of adding an enzyme treatment liquid mainly composed of pectinase and protease to a storage tank for temporarily storing teacup-containing wastewater discharged from a beverage factory or the like. It is. The teacup-containing wastewater to which the enzyme treatment liquid has been added is solubilized in the storage tank and then subjected to methane fermentation in a methane fermentation tank.
前記酵素処理液は、ペクチナーゼおよびプロテアーゼを主成分とするとともに、さらに、セルラーゼを含有してもよく、その他成分を含有してもよい。 The enzyme treatment liquid contains pectinase and protease as main components, and may further contain cellulase or other components.
〔酵素処理液による可溶化試験〕
茶滓含有排水に種々の酵素を添加した反応の効率を調べた。
試験は、茶滓含有排水に種々の酵素を順次添加することにより、ＣＯＤが上昇する度合いをもとめ、その酵素の可溶化能力として評価した。
[Solubilization test with enzyme treatment solution]
The efficiency of the reaction of adding various enzymes to teacup-containing wastewater was investigated.
In the test, the degree of increase in COD was determined by sequentially adding various enzymes to teacup-containing wastewater, and the solubilizing ability of the enzyme was evaluated.
乾燥茶滓（水分含量１０％）１．５ｇを５０ｍｌの５０ｍＭリン酸緩衝液（ｐＨ７．０）に添加して、茶滓含有排水とした。この茶滓含有排水に、順次、セルラーゼ、アミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、リパーゼ、ペクチナーゼを添加した。 1.5 g of dried teacup (water content 10%) was added to 50 ml of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to obtain teacup-containing wastewater. Cellulase, amylase, protease, hemicellulase, lipase, and pectinase were sequentially added to this teacup-containing wastewater.
添加する酵素は、市販の酵素液である。可溶化反応は、前記酵素を４．５μｌ添加して、５０℃、１５０ｒｐｍの振とう培養器の中で一夜ずつ行った。反応後、前記培養器註のＣＯＤを測定し、順次酵素を追加して可溶化反応をおこなった。酵素液の性状を以下表１に示すとともに、試験結果を表２に示す。 The enzyme to be added is a commercially available enzyme solution. The solubilization reaction was carried out overnight by adding 4.5 μl of the enzyme and in a shaking incubator at 50 ° C. and 150 rpm. After the reaction, the COD of the incubator was measured, and an enzyme was added in order to perform a solubilization reaction. The properties of the enzyme solution are shown in Table 1 below, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
表２中「累積使用」とあるのが、酵素を記載順に順次添加した状態での試験結果、（たとえば、上表中、１２０４とあるのは、茶滓含有排水にセルラーゼを添加して可溶化試験を一夜行った後、アミラーゼを添加してさらに一夜可溶化試験を行った場合のＣＯＤ測定結果を示している。）「追加効果」とあるものは、累積使用された酵素によるＣＯＤ量に対して、新たに追加された酵素によって増加したＣＯＤを求めた試験結果をさす。（たとえば上表中、＋３３１０とあるのは、４５１４−１２０４を求めた数値であって、茶滓含有排水にセルラーゼおよびアミラーゼを添加した可溶化試験で生じたＣＯＤに対して、さらにプロテアーゼを添加して可溶化試験を行ったときに、新たに増加したＣＯＤ量に該当する。） “Cumulative use” in Table 2 is the test result in a state where enzymes are sequentially added in the order described (for example, 1204 in the above table is solubilized by adding cellulase to teacup-containing wastewater. This shows the COD measurement result when the amylase was added and the solubilization test was performed overnight after the test was conducted overnight.) “Additional effect” indicates the amount of COD by the cumulatively used enzyme. The test result obtained for the COD increased by the newly added enzyme. (For example, in the above table, +3310 is a numerical value obtained from 4514-1204, and protease is further added to the COD produced in the solubilization test in which cellulase and amylase are added to the wastewater containing teacup. This corresponds to the newly increased COD amount when the solubilization test is performed.)
セルラーゼをベース酵素として、上記の酵素を順次追加添加して可溶化性能を行った結果、アミラーゼ、リパーゼの添加は、ＣＯＤの増加にあまり寄与していなかったが、プロテアーゼ、ペクチナーゼの添加は、ＣＯＤの増加量に大きく寄与していることがわかり、プロテアーゼ、ペクチナーゼの添加が茶滓の可溶化に有効であることが明らかになった。（最終的に７８％の可溶化率） As a result of performing solubilization performance with cellulase as a base enzyme and sequentially adding the above-mentioned enzymes, the addition of amylase and lipase did not contribute much to the increase in COD, but the addition of protease and pectinase As a result, it was found that the addition of protease and pectinase is effective for solubilization of teacups. (Final solubilization rate of 78%)
また、上記試験を受け、各酵素単独での酵素活性を調べたところ、表３のようになった。 Moreover, when the enzyme activity of each enzyme alone was examined after the above test, it was as shown in Table 3.
表３より、ペクチナーゼは単独でもセルラーゼに比べてきわめて高い可溶化能力を発揮することがわかり、表２の結果に対応するものとなっていた。また、プロテアーゼに関しても、セルラーゼよりも高い可溶化能力を発揮することが明らかになるとともに、表２と対比すると、これらの酵素は互いに干渉しあわず、効率よく茶滓を可溶化していることも読み取れる。（アミラーゼとセルラーゼとの間には発酵阻害が発生しており、リパーゼの作用は、セルラーゼ、プロテアーゼと重複しており、追加効果が単独使用効果に比べて低いものと考えられる。）
また、セルラーゼについても、プロテアーゼ、ペクチナーゼの添加についで高い活性を示し、プロテアーゼ、ペクチナーゼと併用することにより、効率の高い可溶化に寄与することが確認できた。
From Table 3, it was found that pectinase alone exhibited extremely high solubilizing ability compared to cellulase, and corresponded to the results in Table 2. In addition, it is clear that proteases also exhibit higher solubilizing ability than cellulase, and when compared with Table 2, these enzymes do not interfere with each other and efficiently solubilize teacups. Can also be read. (Fermentation inhibition occurs between amylase and cellulase, and the action of lipase overlaps with cellulase and protease, and the additional effect is considered to be lower than the single use effect.)
Cellulase also showed high activity following the addition of protease and pectinase, and it was confirmed that when used together with protease and pectinase, it contributes to highly efficient solubilization.
したがって、本願で提案するように、茶滓含有排水にペクチナーゼおよびプロテアーゼを主成分とする酵素処理液を添加することが茶滓の可溶化に大きく寄与し、さらにセルラーゼを含有することが好ましいことがわかった。 Therefore, as proposed in the present application, it is preferable that the addition of an enzyme treatment liquid mainly composed of pectinase and protease to the teacup-containing wastewater greatly contributes to the solubilization of the teacup and further preferably contains cellulase. all right.
本発明によると、コンパクトにかつ省エネルギーで茶滓を可溶化するとともに、メタン発酵が可能になるので、廃棄物の効率的な処理が可能となる。 According to the present invention, tea can be solubilized in a compact and energy-saving manner, and methane fermentation can be performed, so that waste can be efficiently processed.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2016175325A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Production method of used tea leaf board, and used tea leaf board |
| CN109626555A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 四川清和科技有限公司 | A kind of method of fast degradation water body withered fallen leaf |
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| JP2016175325A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-06 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Production method of used tea leaf board, and used tea leaf board |
| CN109626555A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 四川清和科技有限公司 | A kind of method of fast degradation water body withered fallen leaf |
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