JP2013183643A - Method for culturing abalone - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for culturing abalone, which can easily sterilize a shell of abalone attached to an aquarium, form excellent appearance of the shell and promote growth thereof.SOLUTION: A method for culturing abalone includes a first step of directly spraying a processing liquid containing an organic acid or alcohol to a surface of a shell of the abalone attached to an aquarium.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for abalone aquaculture.

  Conventionally, aqua tanks equipped with a device for circulating seawater are used for abalone aquaculture. Depending on the size of the juvenile, it will be possible to ship after aquaculture period of about 1 to 4 years, but during that time, even if the seawater in the aquarium is circulated and the seawater is replaced little by little, abalone shells and aquarium gradually It was difficult to maintain a good growth environment because the inner surface of the soil became dirty. In particular, when the water temperature is 22 ° C. to 24 ° C. or higher, water mold tends to be generated in the water tank, and the growth of abalone may be impaired or the mortality rate may be increased. In addition, barnacles sometimes attached to abalone shells, and cultured abalone shells tend to be brown, so they looked worse than natural abalone shells.

  By the way, there is a method of immersing fish in a treatment liquid containing an organic acid as a method for controlling pathogenic bacteria that have parasitized fish including shellfish (Patent Document 1). In this method, the concentration of the organic acid in the treatment liquid is 10 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less, and the immersion time is 10 to 90 minutes. In the test example, the treatment liquid is put into a 30 L water tank, and the bacterial infection flounder is immersed in the treatment liquid to investigate the survival rate. In addition, there is also a method of reducing shellfish mortality by immersing shellfish in a chemical solution in which vitamins are dissolved or suspended (Patent Document 2).

JP 2007-254463 A JP-A-11-206263

  In the extermination method described in Patent Document 1, the concentration of the treatment liquid is as thin as 10 to 1000 ppm because fish is immersed in the treatment liquid. For example, shellfish can be sterilized, but shellfish / aquarium sterilization and dirt removal, It cannot be expected to improve color. On the other hand, when the abalone is immersed in the treatment solution, the abalone may be dead because it is delicate.

  The mortality reduction method described in Patent Document 2 can also improve the survival rate of shellfish with chemicals containing vitamins, but it is also effective for sterilization of shells and aquariums, removal of dirt, improvement of shell color, etc. I can not expect. The actual aquaculture tank has a capacity of, for example, 20 tons, in which about 3000 abalone juveniles are grown. Therefore, if you try to immerse abalone in a separately prepared treatment solution, you must peel the 3000 abalone sticking to the inner surface (inner wall or bottom) of the aquarium one by one and transfer it to the aquarium containing the treatment solution. Don't be. The work of peeling the abalone with a spatula is time consuming and may cause damage to the abalone meat. Although it is also known to peel a large amount of abalone at once using a method such as electric peeling or hot water peeling, there is an inconvenience that the equipment cost becomes high.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides an abalone culture method including a process capable of easily sterilizing an abalone shell attached to an aquarium, improving the appearance of the shell and promoting growth. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to solve the above problems, the abalone cultivation method according to the present invention includes a first step of spraying a treatment liquid containing an organic acid or alcohol directly on the surface of the abalone shell attached to the aquarium. Features.

  According to such abalone culture method, when abalone is sterilized, the seawater in the aquarium where abalone is cultivated is drained, and the abalone is attached to the inner surface of the aquarium, and the treatment liquid is removed. It is only necessary to spray toward the surface of the shell, and it is not necessary to peel the abalone, so that the shell can be sterilized easily.

  Further, if the treatment liquid is sprayed toward the abalone, the inner surface of the water tank can be sterilized simultaneously with the sterilization of the abalone shell. When this step is completed, the treatment liquid is washed away with seawater, and seawater is injected again into the water tank. In this process, not only can abalone shells and aquariums be sterilized with little effort and time, but the spraying of the treatment liquid makes the shell color a good-looking color similar to that of natural abalone shells, and the growth of abalone The effect that is promoted can also be expected. Examples of organic acids that can be used include acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and chito acid, and examples of alcohol that can be used include wine, sake, and shochu.

  In the abalone culture method according to claim 2, the treatment liquid is a mixture of an organic acid aqueous solution or alcohol containing 3 to 5% of an organic acid and seawater or water in a ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1.5. It is characterized by.

  An example of an organic acid aqueous solution containing 3 to 5% of an organic acid is vinegar. With such an abalone culture method, when the abalone is sterilized, the surface of the shell of the abalone and the aquarium can be sterilized and cleaned. As a result, the growth environment of abalone is improved, leading to promotion of growth. It also has the effect of making barnacles less likely to adhere to abalone shells, and the effect of improving the shell color to a color close to natural.

  The mixing ratio of the organic acid aqueous solution or alcohol and seawater or water is 1: 0.5 to 1.5. If the organic acid aqueous solution or alcohol is sprayed without dilution, it may adversely affect the abalone. This is inconvenient because the antennal part of the abalone may be deformed. Conversely, if diluted to 1: 1.5 or more, it may take a long time to obtain the expected effect.

  As in the abalone culture method according to claim 3, in the first step, 0.5 to 3 hours may be allowed to elapse after the treatment liquid is sprayed on the abalone.

  Since there are cases where the abalone body (body) is damaged after 3 hours or more after spraying abalone with a treatment solution in which an aqueous solution of organic acid or alcohol and seawater or water are mixed at a ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1.5. Do not exceed 3 hours after spraying. In order to sterilize abalone, it is preferable to leave some time after spraying, and it is known that abalone is hardly damaged if the elapsed time after spraying is within one hour. Therefore, in the range of 0.5 to 3 hours after spraying the treatment liquid, the treatment liquid is washed away with seawater at an appropriate time while observing the state of stain removal and color change on the surface of the abalone shell, thereby damaging the abalone as much as possible. It is possible to sterilize shells, remove dirt, improve shell colors, etc.

  In such an abalone culture method, as described in claim 4, the first step is performed at intervals of about once every 1 to 3 weeks when the water temperature in the aquarium is 22 to 24 ° C or higher. Are preferred.

  When sterilization is performed regularly at such intervals for about 1 to 4 years from aquaculture to shipment, water mold generation in the aquarium is suppressed even when the water temperature is 22-24 ° C or higher. The abalone growth environment is improved, leading to growth promotion and a decrease in mortality. Abalone may be weak when the water temperature is low, so when it is 22-24 ° C. or lower, it may be carried out at most once a month while observing the condition of the aquarium and the state of abalone.

  The abalone culture method according to claim 5 includes the first step according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and an organic acid aqueous solution containing 3 to 5% organic acid before shipment of the cultured abalone or And a second step of spraying a treatment liquid comprising alcohol directly onto the surface of the shell of the abalone, and immediately washing away the treatment liquid with seawater after the abalone is peeled off from the inner surface of the water tank.

  The second step is performed at the end of the abalone culture method, specifically before abalone is shipped. If the abalone shell is sprayed directly without dilution with an organic acid solution containing 3-5% organic acid or alcohol (wine, sake, shochu, etc.), the abalone peels off from the inner surface of the aquarium in about 5 minutes. . Since the abalone may be damaged when the time passes, it is necessary to wash away the treatment solution with seawater as soon as the abalone peels off. Since the concentration of the organic acid aqueous solution or alcohol is high, the abalone shell and the water tank can be sterilized even for about 5 minutes. And it can peel at a time from the inner surface of a water tank, without damaging a lot of abalone, and the labor concerning shipping work is reduced significantly.

  As described above, the abalone culturing method according to the present invention can sterilize and remove shells and aquarium by a simple operation of spraying the treatment liquid onto the surface of the abalone shell attached to the aquarium. It can be promoted. In addition, barnacles are less likely to adhere to the shell, and the color of the shell can be improved to a color close to that of natural abalone, so that it is possible to provide a good-looking abalone.

(A) is a top view of the abalone culture apparatus 1. FIG. (B) is a side view of the depth direction Y. FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the abalone sterilization process in the abalone cultivation method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, although embodiment which is an example of the abalone culture method concerning this invention is described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment.

<Abalone farming equipment>
First, an abalone culture apparatus will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the aquaculture apparatus 1 includes a 20-ton water tank 2 having a width of 500 cm × depth of 220 cm × height of 60 cm, and a partition plate 3 parallel to the width direction X at the center position in the depth direction Y in the water tank 2. Is erected. A space is provided between the partition plate 3 and the inner side surface 2a of the water tank 2 so that water flows on both sides in the width direction X of the partition plate 3. A plurality of sediment collection grooves 9 for collecting sediment such as abalone excrement and residual food are provided in the depth direction Y on the inner bottom surface 2 b of the water tank 2. A plurality of drainage holes 4 that can be opened and closed are provided in the side wall 2 c facing in the depth direction Y of the water tank 2.

  A single nozzle pipe 5 for supplying seawater S is disposed at the center in the width direction X of the water tank 2. The nozzle pipe 5 is disposed in parallel with the depth direction Y and is disposed so as to straddle both sides of the partition plate 3 in the depth direction Y. A plurality of nozzle holes 5 a, 5 a, 5 a... Are formed at equal intervals in the length direction on both sides in the length direction with the position of the partition plate 3 as the center, and nozzle rows are provided. Each nozzle hole 5 a, 5 a, 5 a... Is formed such that the direction of the seawater S to be ejected is the horizontal width direction X of the water tank 2.

  And each nozzle row is provided in the nozzle piping 5 so that the directions of the seawater S ejected from the nozzle holes 5a, 5a, 5a,... Thereby, a swirl can be formed in the water tank 2 by ejecting the seawater S from the nozzle holes 5a, 5a, 5a... Of each nozzle row. A water supply pipe 6 is connected to the nozzle pipe 5, and seawater S pumped up by a pump (not shown) is always supplied to the water tank 2 and is in a flowing state. Then, the seawater S overflowing from the water tank 2 is returned to the sea after dust and the like are removed.

  By circulating the seawater S in the water tank 2 as described above, it is possible to spread the seawater S in which the air is dissolved throughout the water tank 2 and prevent a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration. Moreover, sediments, such as abalone A excrement and residual food, can be washed away and dropped into the sediment collection groove 9 for recovery, thereby preventing deterioration of water quality. For this reason, the growth environment of the abalone in the water tank 2 can be maintained in a favorable state.

  On the inner bottom of the water tank 2, feed holders 7 for fixing dry seaweed serving as feed are arranged at four locations. The feed holder 7 is a wire-like thin stick, and is installed at the bottom of the aquarium 2 with a plurality of dried seaweeds 8 skewered. Thus, since the dried seaweed 8 processed from the seaweed is attached to the feed holder 7, the seaweed that is easily washed away by the circulating seawater S in the harvested state can be given to the abalone in an easy-to-eat state. In addition, since the dried seaweed 8 is simply skewered on the feed holder 7 and installed at the bottom of the water tank 2, feeding work can be easily performed without taking time and effort.

<Outline of abalone culture method>
Next, the outline of the abalone culture method will be described.
Place 3000 abalone A larvae into the aquaculture device 1 and give artificial feed and dried seaweed 8 in parallel. Artificial feed (trade name: standard type manufactured by Cosmo Ocean Ranch Co., Ltd.) has a 1 cm square flaky shape, and its components are 100 g of water, 14 g or less of moisture, 31 g or less of crude protein, 4 g or less of crude fat, and 20 g of crude ash. Hereinafter, 1500 g or less of calcium and 1800 g or less of phosphorus are contained. This artificial feed is spread in the 400 g water tank 2 per day and given to the abalone A, and dry nori 8 having a size of 20 cm square is attached to the feed holder 7 to give 15 to 20 pieces per day. Artificial feed and dry seaweed 8 are given in consideration of balance so that abalone A does not eat unevenly. Thus, by using the artificial feed and the dried seaweed 8 in combination, even if the dried seaweed is insufficient, it can be grown with the artificial feed, so that stable cultivation can be performed.

<Abalone sterilization process>
Next, the step of sterilizing abalone performed in the abalone culturing method according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, in the step of sterilizing abalone, which is the first step of the present invention, first, the seawater S collected in the water tank 2 in which abalone A is cultured is drained (step 1).

  Since the abalone A is exposed to the air when the seawater S is drained, a processing tank in which vinegar and seawater (or water) are mixed at a ratio of 1: 1 using a sprayer such as a spray bottle Spray directly onto the surface of the shell of Abalone A attached to the inner side surface (inner wall surface and bottom surface) of No. 2 (Step 2).

  After about 1 hour after spraying, confirm that the abalone A shells are clean, and that the brown shells have a color similar to that of natural abalone shells. The processing liquid adhering to the abalone A or the inner surface of the water tank 2 is washed away with seawater or the like (step 3).

  At this time, care should be taken that the abalone A is not exposed to the treatment liquid for more than 3 hours. Thereafter, seawater is again injected into the water tank 2 (step 4).

  This process is performed once every two weeks during the period (June-October) when the water temperature in the aquarium is 22-24 ° C or higher for 1 to 4 years from the growth and shipment of the abalone A larvae. The abalone A shell and the water tank 2 were periodically sterilized at the frequency of. In addition, when the water temperature in the aquarium 2 is 22 to 24 ° C. or less (November to May), the abalone A may be weakened due to low temperature. While observing, sterilization was performed at most once a month, and in a very cold period, sterilization was not performed in consideration of the state of abalone A.

  As a result, the abalone A shells were clean and improved in color, and the appearance of the shells was improved. Further, since the shells and the water tank 2 are sterilized, the growth environment of the abalone A is improved and the growth of the abalone A is promoted.

<Abalone peeling process>
Next, the process of peeling abalone from the water tank, which is an example of the second process of the present invention, will be described. This process is performed at the end of the abalone A culture method, and when the abalone A is shipped, the abalone A attached to the wall surface of the water tank 2 is efficiently peeled off. In this step, the seawater S in the aquarium 2 is drained, and then vinegar is directly sprayed on the shell of the abalone A attached to the aquarium 2. Since the vinegar is not diluted, the abalone A peels off from the aquarium 2 in about 5 minutes, so immediately wash away the vinegar with seawater. Since the concentration of vinegar is high, shell shells can be cleaned, sterilized and improved in color even in about 5 minutes. Since a large amount of abalone A peels from the aquarium 2 at a time, it can be easily shipped without damaging the abalone A if the vinegar is washed away immediately.

  In the above sterilization method, the treatment liquid is prepared using an aqueous solution of vinegar. However, in addition to vinegar, the treatment liquid can also be prepared using citric acid, lactic acid, chito acid, wine, sake, or shochu. Although there is a difference in degree, it can sterilize abalone shells and bodies, and both shells and bodies will be shiny and growth-promoting effects can be expected.

  As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, but various additions, modifications, or deletions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In particular, the dilution ratio of vinegar and the execution interval of the sterilization operation are not limited to those described above, and different dilution ratios and execution intervals may be used. Therefore, such a thing is also included in the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Aquaculture apparatus 2 Water tank 3 Partition plate 4 Drain hole 5 Nozzle piping 7 Feed holder 8 Dry seaweed 9 Sediment collection groove A Abalone S Seawater

Claims (5)

  An abalone culturing method comprising a first step of spraying a treatment liquid containing an organic acid or alcohol directly on the surface of an abalone shell attached to a water tank.   The treatment liquid is formed by mixing an organic acid aqueous solution or alcohol containing 3 to 5% of an organic acid and seawater or water in a ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1.5. Abalone culture method described in 1.   The abalone culture method according to claim 2, wherein 0.5 to 3 hours are allowed to elapse after the treatment liquid is sprayed on the abalone in the first step.   The said 1st process is performed at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks when the water temperature in a water tank is 22-24 degreeC or more, The any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. Abalone farming method. 1st process of any one of Claims 1-4,
Prior to shipment of cultured abalone, a treatment solution consisting of an organic acid solution containing 3 to 5% organic acid or alcohol is directly sprayed onto the surface of the shell of the abalone, and immediately after the abalone peels from the inner surface of the aquarium, the treatment solution is And a second step of washing away with the abalone.

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