JP2013180400A - Disposal device of waste material including foam material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disposal device of waste material including foam material which suppresses explosive combustion caused by ignitible gas such as cyclopentane gas separated from the foam material to be crushed and pulverized.SOLUTION: A disposal device is so structured that waste material W including foam material input in a bottomed casing 10 is pulverized by a pulverizing means 3, and the pulverized waste material W is discharged from a discharge port 12 formed on a side of the casing 10 by a transfer means 4, and includes a gas sucking and discharging means 2 for sucking gas, which is generated from the pulverized foam material and is accumulated in the casing 10, by a suction nozzle 20 arranged on a bottom part of the casing 10, and discharging outside the casing 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste material processing apparatus including a foam material, and more particularly to a waste material processing apparatus including a foam material in which a flammable gas heavier than air is used as a foam gas used in manufacturing the foam material. is there.

Conventionally, as a foaming material used for a heat insulating material of a refrigerator or the like, a urethane heat insulating material manufactured by using Freon gas as a foaming gas has been used.
However, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (chlorofluorocarbons) is prohibited from the viewpoint of protecting the ozone layer and preventing global warming, and the use of alternative chlorofluorocarbons (hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons) is also restrained. A flammable gas such as cyclopentane gas has been used for a foam material used for a heat insulating material or the like.

Waste materials including urethane heat insulating materials (hereinafter simply referred to as “foaming materials”) manufactured using flammable gases such as cyclopentane gas and other foaming gases (hydrocarbon gases such as butane and pentane). As a result of the enforcement of the Home Appliance Recycling Law, 50 to 70% of the collected waste home appliances are recycled and commercialized.
When recycling waste materials containing these foams, it is generally used as a solid fuel by a solid fuel molding device through a crushing and crushing process, and the other parts are subjected to a crushing and crushing process, Sorted, incinerated or landfilled.
Various processing apparatuses for waste materials including foam materials, such as solid fuel molding apparatus for recycling and crushing / pulverizing apparatus for incineration landfill, have been proposed and put into practical use (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 2).

  Of the waste material processing apparatus including the foam material, the solid fuel molding apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a pulverizing unit that pulverizes the waste material, and a transfer unit that transfers the waste material laterally fed by the pulverizing unit in the axial direction. In the latter half of the transfer means, a compression part for compressing the waste material is provided, and a heating part for heating the waste material compressed by the compression part to a predetermined temperature is provided, and the waste material transferred while being compressed is heated and formed at the discharge port. A solid fuel is formed by passing through a nozzle.

By the way, when the foam material is pulverized by the pulverizing means, the foam gas (flammable gas such as cyclopentane gas and other foam gas (hydrocarbon gas such as butane and pentane)) is separated from the foam material.
In this case, cyclopentane gas is a combustible material having an ignition degree G3 (ignition temperature of 200 to 300 ° C.), and if its volume concentration exceeds 1.7 vol%, there is a risk of explosive combustion.
In addition, cyclopentane gas is heavier than air, and when a foamed material produced using cyclopentane gas as a foaming gas is crushed and crushed in a bottomed housing, the cyclopentane gas separated from the foamed material in the device is It will stay at the bottom, and if it reaches the explosion limit, it may explode and burn.

JP 2009-280632 A JP 2009-244102 A

  In view of the problems of the above-described conventional processing apparatus for waste materials including foamed materials, the present invention can suppress the explosive combustion caused by an ignitable gas such as cyclopentane gas separated from the foamed material to be crushed and pulverized. It aims at providing the processing apparatus of the waste material containing a foaming material.

  In order to achieve the above object, a waste material processing apparatus including a foam material according to the present invention pulverizes a waste material containing a foam material put into a bottomed casing by a pulverizing means, and the pulverized waste material is transported by a transfer means. In a waste material processing device containing foam material that is discharged from a discharge port formed on the side of the body, the gas generated from the pulverized foam material and staying in the housing is suctioned at the bottom of the housing A gas suction / discharge means for suctioning by a nozzle and discharging it out of the housing is provided.

  In this case, a suction nozzle guard member that covers the top of the suction nozzle and a pressure gas ejection means for removing dust that has entered the space covered by the suction nozzle guard member can be provided.

  In addition, a gas discharge part that sucks gas from the side is formed in the middle part of the suction nozzle, and a dust collection part that accommodates dust separated from the sucked gas is formed in the lower part of the suction nozzle. it can.

  Further, the gas suction / discharge means is provided with a gas concentration sensor for measuring the gas concentration of the gas staying in the housing, and the operation of the gas suction / discharge means is controlled according to the gas concentration measured by the gas concentration sensor. it can.

  The crushing means is constituted by shearing crushing means in which a cutting blade is disposed on an opposing rotating shaft, the transferring means is constituted by a screw type transferring means coaxial with the rotating shaft, and the suction nozzle is provided. , And can be disposed below the transfer means between the opposed rotating shafts.

  According to the waste material processing apparatus including a foamed material of the present invention, the waste material containing the foamed material put into the bottomed housing is pulverized by the pulverizing means, and the pulverized waste material is moved to the side of the housing by the transfer means. In the waste material processing apparatus including the foam material that is made to be discharged from the formed discharge port, the gas generated from the pulverized foam material and staying in the housing is sucked by the suction nozzle disposed at the bottom of the housing, By providing gas suction / discharge means for discharging outside the casing, the foamed gas separated from the foamed material crushed by the pulverizing means and staying at the bottom of the casing can be sucked and discharged. However, it does not explode and burn in the apparatus, and the waste material including the foam material can be safely treated.

  In addition, a crushing process that falls from above by including a suction nozzle guard member that covers the upper side of the suction nozzle and a pressure gas ejection means for removing dust that has entered the space covered by the suction nozzle guard member The scraps and dust from the waste material that has entered the suction nozzle do not enter directly and cause clogging, and the dust that enters from the side and tries to stay in the vicinity of the suction nozzle is blown away. Can be prevented from being sucked in a large amount.

  Further, by forming a gas discharge part for sucking gas from the side in the intermediate part of the suction nozzle, and forming a dust collecting part for storing dust separated from the sucked gas in the lower part of the suction nozzle The dust sucked together with the foaming gas can be separated after the suction, so that it is prevented from being discharged together with the dust, and only the dust can be collected in the collecting part.

  Further, the gas suction / discharge means is provided with a gas concentration sensor for measuring the gas concentration of the gas staying in the housing, and the operation of the gas suction / discharge means is controlled according to the gas concentration measured by the gas concentration sensor. When measuring a high gas concentration, the gas suction amount can be increased to lower the gas concentration in the housing, and the waste material including foam can be crushed and treated safely. When the gas concentration is low, the gas suction amount The energy saving operation of the apparatus can be performed.

Further, the pulverizing means is constituted by a shearing pulverizing means in which a cutting blade is disposed on an opposing rotating shaft, and the transferring means is constituted by a screw-type transferring means coaxial with the rotating shaft. The overall height can be lowered and waste materials including foam can be easily introduced.
Further, by disposing the suction nozzle at a position below the transfer means between the opposed rotating shafts, the generated foam gas can be effectively sucked and discharged at a place where the load is low.

It is a partially cutaway front view showing an embodiment of a processing apparatus for waste material containing foam material of the present invention. It is a top view of the notch cross section of the processing apparatus of the waste material containing the said foaming material. The gas suction discharge means of the processing apparatus of the waste material containing the said foaming material is shown, (a) is the A section detail drawing of FIG. 1, (b) is XX sectional drawing of FIG. The pressure gas ejection means of the processing apparatus of the waste material containing the said foaming material is shown, (a) is a partially cutaway front view, (b) is a YY sectional view of (a).

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a waste material processing apparatus including a foam material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4 show an embodiment of a waste material processing apparatus containing the foam material of the present invention.
The waste material processing apparatus 1 including the foamed material pulverizes the waste material W including the foamed material introduced into the bottomed casing 10 by the pulverizing means 3, and the pulverized waste material W is transferred to the casing 10 by the transfer means 4. It is configured to discharge from the discharge port 12 formed on the side, and the gas generated from the pulverized foam material and staying in the housing 10 is sucked by the suction nozzle 20 disposed at the bottom of the housing 10, Gas suction / discharge means 2 for discharging out of the housing 10 is provided.

  The pulverizing means 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can pulverize the input waste material W to a predetermined size, but in the present embodiment, the pulverizing means 3 is opposed to the casing 10. The rotating shafts 13 and 13 are configured by shearing pulverizing means 3A in which a cutting blade 30 is disposed.

Further, the transfer means 4 is not particularly limited as long as the transfer means 4 transfers the pulverized waste material W from the discharge port 12 formed on the side of the housing 10. Is a screw type transfer means 4A, and the screw 40 of the screw type transfer means 4A is formed coaxially with the rotary shafts 13 and 13 provided with the cutting blades 30 of the shear type pulverization means 3A.
The waste material W pulverized by the shearing pulverizing means 3A is disposed on the inner side surface in the longitudinal direction of the housing 10 at an angle from the lower part to the upper part (upwardly inclined toward the discharge side). Accordingly, when the cutting blade 30 is scraped up along the inner surface of the housing 10, the cutting blade 30 is laterally fed along the lateral feed member 32 toward the transfer means 4.

In this embodiment, the rotary shafts 13 and 13 for disposing the crushing means 3 and the transfer means 4 are connected to the electric motors 15 and 15 via the speed reducers 14 and 14, respectively, and are configured to be independently driven. Yes.
One may be a drive shaft and the other may be a driven shaft that rotates in conjunction with the drive shaft.
Then, as in this embodiment, by rotating the rotary shafts 13 and 13 independently, both the rotary shafts 13 and 13 are operated at different rotational speeds, or only one rotary shaft 13 is rotated in reverse. It is possible to prevent clogging of the waste material W between the cutting blades 30 and to easily eliminate the clogged waste material W.
In the present embodiment, the example in which the electric motor 15 is used as the driving unit has been described. However, for example, a hydraulic motor may be used as the driving unit.

The shearing pulverizing means 3 </ b> A alternately arranges a plurality of cutting blades 30 and spacers 31 in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 13.
The cutting blades 30 and the spacers 31 provided on the opposed rotating shafts 13 and 13 are configured such that the cutting blades 30 and the spacers 31 face each other at opposite positions and mesh with each other. A minute gap is formed, and the waste material W that is input from the input port 11 that is formed so as to open above the housing 10 is pulverized by a shearing action.

  The screw type transfer means 4A is composed of helical screws 40, 40 formed on the opposed rotating shafts 13, 13, and the twisting direction of the screw 40 is when the rotating shafts 13, 13 are rotated inward. The waste material W pulverized by the pulverizing means 3 is arranged to be transferred toward the discharge port 12.

In addition, a predetermined gap (especially a gap between the side surfaces) is formed between the outer periphery of the screw 40 and the crushing means 3 and the inner surface of the housing 10, and the waste material W crushed by the crushing means 3 is removed. A storage space T that can be stored is formed.
The waste material W pulverized by the shearing pulverizing means 3A is temporarily stored in the storage space T, and a fixed amount is transferred from the storage space T toward the discharge port 12 one by one.

  The discharge port 12 can be configured to discharge the waste material W transferred by the screw-type transfer unit 4A as it is and send it to the next process. In this embodiment, the discharge port 12 includes a compression unit. And a solid fuel forming means, and the solid fuel is formed from the pulverized waste material W.

  The compressing means uses the tip portion of the screw 40 of the screw type transfer means 4A and compresses the waste material W to be transferred by making the gap with the casing 10 covering the tip portion as small as possible.

  The forming means comprises a forming plate, a number of forming nozzles disposed on the forming plate, and a heater disposed in the forming plate, and the waste material W compressed by the compression portion of the screw type transfer means 4A is It is pushed into a nozzle whose temperature is controlled by a heater and discharged as a solid fuel along the shape of the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle.

The gas suction / discharge means 2 disposed in the waste material processing apparatus 1 including the foam material is provided with a suction nozzle 20 at the bottom of the housing 10 and is generated from the pulverized foam material. The stagnant gas is sucked and discharged out of the housing 10.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the suction means and the discharge means include a gas discharge portion 21 that discharges the gas sucked by the suction mechanism 23 including a suction fan or the like from the side to the intermediate portion of the suction nozzle 20. And a dust collecting portion 22 for storing dust separated from the sucked gas is formed below the suction nozzle 20.

  The gas suction / discharge means 2 can also be configured to introduce a gas containing dust sucked from the suction nozzle 20 into a cyclone separator to separate the dust and the gas.

  In this way, by forming the dust collecting portion 22 in the gas suction / discharge means 2, it is possible to prevent the intrusion dust that cannot be prevented by the suction nozzle guard member 25 and the pressure gas ejection means 26 described later from being discharged together with the sucked gas. can do.

  The gas suction / discharge means 2 includes a suction nozzle guard member 25 that covers the upper side of the suction nozzle 20, and a pressure gas ejection means 26 for removing dust that has entered the space S covered with the suction nozzle guard member 25. The space S covered with the suction nozzle guard member 25 from the side is prevented from causing small pieces and dust of crushed waste material falling from above to directly enter the suction nozzle and clogging. The dust intruding into the nozzle is blown away and stays in the vicinity of the suction nozzle 20 to prevent a large amount of dust from being sucked from the suction nozzle.

As shown in FIG. 3, the suction nozzle guard member 25 is a mountain-shaped plate member that covers the upper portion of the suction nozzle 20 disposed at a position below the transfer means 4 between the opposed rotating shafts 13 and 13. And arranged in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 13 so that the apex side (side forming the ridge line) is located below the center between the opposing rotary shafts 13 so as not to interfere with the screw 40. It is configured.
The suction nozzle guard member 25 opens the front and rear sides in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 13 and guides the gas staying in the housing 10 to the suction nozzle 20.

The pressure gas ejection means 26 ejects pressure gas into the space S in order to eliminate dust that has entered the space S covered by the suction nozzle guard member 25. In this embodiment, the pressure gas ejection means 26 As shown in FIG. 4A, the outlet of the pressure gas jet nozzle 26a is attached in the horizontal direction so that the pressure gas is jetted in the horizontal direction. ing.
At this time, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the pressure gas ejection nozzle 26a can be configured to be branched in multiple directions (in the example, three directions). It can be eliminated more effectively.
The timing of ejection of the pressure gas from the pressure gas ejection means 26 is not particularly limited, but the pressure gas from the pressure gas ejection means 26 is changed in conjunction with the operation timing of the suction mechanism 23 of the gas suction / discharge means 2. By stopping the suction from the suction mechanism 23 when jetting for a short time, the dust in the space S can be removed without being sucked by the suction nozzle 20.

  Further, a gas concentration sensor 27 for measuring the gas concentration of the gas staying in the housing 10 is provided in the gas suction / discharge means 2, and the gas suction / discharge means 2 is operated according to the gas concentration measured by the gas concentration sensor 27. Can be controlled.

The gas concentration sensor 27 measures the concentration of the gas separated from the foamed material and sucked into the gas suction / discharge means 2, and the measurement location is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the suction nozzle 20.
In the present embodiment, the gas concentration is measured in real time by being arranged at a point branched from the suction line between the suction mechanism 23 and the suction nozzle 20 and guiding the gas to the gas concentration sensor 27. When the gas concentration is low, the amount of suction by the suction mechanism 23 is reduced to perform an energy saving operation. When the gas concentration tends to increase, the amount of suction by the suction mechanism 23 is increased to operate the device safely. I have to.

Next, the operation method of the processing apparatus 1 of the waste material containing this foaming material is demonstrated.
First, the waste material W is introduced from a hopper 11 a provided at the introduction port 11.
At this time, in order to form a good solid fuel, it is preferable to add waste plastic, waste paper, etc. in addition to the waste material including the foam material. For example, in the case of a solid fuel in which the waste plastic is about 80%, 1000 kcal / It can be used as a high-calorie solid fuel of about kg.

Then, by driving the electric motor 15 and rotationally driving the opposed rotary shafts 13 and 13 controlled to a predetermined rotational speed (for example, 50 rpm) by the speed reducer 14 in an inward meshing direction, the waste material that has been thrown in W is pulverized by the cutting blade 30 of the shearing pulverizing means 3A.
At this time, the waste blade W is crushed by the bar-shaped transverse feed member 32 disposed obliquely from the lower part to the upper part on the inner side surface in the longitudinal direction of the housing 10, so that the cutting blade 30 has the inner surface of the housing 10. When it is scraped up along the horizontal feed member 32, it is laterally fed toward the transfer means 4 along the horizontal feed member 32.

  The waste material W crushed and laterally fed by the shearing pulverization means 3A is temporarily stored in a storage space T formed between the screw 40 and the inner surface of the housing 10, and a fixed amount is discharged from the storage space T by a certain amount. It is transferred toward 12.

And gas generated from the foamed material of the waste material W crushed by the shearing pulverization means 3A from the suction nozzle 20 of the gas suction / discharge means 2 arranged at the bottom of the casing 10 forming the storage space T (in particular, Cyclopentane gas) is sucked through the space S covered by the suction nozzle guard member 25, dust contained in the sucked gas is collected in the dust collecting unit 22, and only the sucked gas is discharged. Yes.
At this time, the dust that has entered the space S is blown away by the pressure gas ejected from the pressure gas ejection means 26, so that the amount of dust contained in the sucked gas is very small.

  Further, the gas concentration of the sucked gas is measured in real time by the gas concentration sensor 27, and the operation of the gas suction / discharge means 2 (the rotational speed of the suction fan or the like constituting the suction mechanism 23) is determined according to the gas concentration. By controlling, the energy saving operation can be continued when the gas concentration is low, and the operation of the apparatus can be safely continued even when the gas concentration is high.

  Next, the waste material W stored in the storage space T is transferred toward the discharge port 12 by the screw 40 of the screw type transfer means 4A.

  And in the discharge port 12 provided with the compression means and the shaping | molding means to solid fuel, the waste material W is shape | molded and discharged | emitted from the many shaping | molding nozzles arrange | positioned at the shaping | molding plate of a shaping | molding means.

  As mentioned above, although the processing apparatus of the waste material containing the foaming material of this invention was demonstrated based on the Example, this invention is not limited to the structure described in the said Example, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning The configuration can be changed as appropriate.

  The waste material processing apparatus containing the foamed material of the present invention has a characteristic that the gas generated when the waste material containing the foamed material is pulverized can be sucked and discharged. Solid fuel molding that can be suitably used for an apparatus for processing waste material containing foam material foamed as gas, for example, molding solid fuel from waste material containing foam material foamed with ignitable gas as foam gas It can be used for the application of the apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing apparatus of the waste material containing a foaming material 10 Housing | casing 11 Input port 12 Discharge port 13 Rotating shaft 2 Gas suction discharge means 20 Suction nozzle 21 Gas discharge part 22 Dust collection part 25 Suction nozzle guard member 26 Pressure gas ejection means 27 Gas concentration Sensor 3 Crushing means 3A Shear type crushing means 30 Cutting blade 4 Transfer means 4A Screw type transfer means 40 Screw S Space W Waste material

Claims (5)

  Waste material containing foam material, which is crushed by a crushing means, and the crushed waste material is discharged from a discharge port formed on the side of the housing by a transfer means. In the above processing apparatus, the apparatus includes gas suction / discharge means for sucking a gas generated from the pulverized foam material and staying in the housing by a suction nozzle disposed at the bottom of the housing, and discharging the gas outside the housing. Waste material processing equipment containing foam material.   2. The suction nozzle guard member that covers the upper portion of the suction nozzle, and a pressure gas ejection means for removing dust that has entered the space covered by the suction nozzle guard member. Waste material processing equipment containing foam.   A gas discharge part for sucking gas from the side is formed in the middle part of the suction nozzle, and a dust collecting part for storing dust separated from the sucked gas is formed in the lower part of the suction nozzle. The processing apparatus of the waste material containing the foaming material of Claim 1 or 2 to do.   The gas suction / discharge means is provided with a gas concentration sensor for measuring the gas concentration of the gas staying in the housing, and the operation of the gas suction / discharge means is controlled according to the gas concentration measured by the gas concentration sensor. The processing apparatus of the waste material containing the foam material of Claim 1, 2, or 3 characterized by these.   The crushing means is constituted by a shearing crushing means having a cutting blade disposed on an opposing rotating shaft, the transfer means is constituted by a screw type conveying means coaxial with the rotating shaft, and the suction nozzle is opposed 5. A processing apparatus for waste material containing foam material according to claim 1, wherein the processing apparatus is disposed below a transfer means between rotating shafts.

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