JP2013175390A - Battery pack, secondary battery device, and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery pack which inhibits the deterioration of a battery, a secondary battery device, and an electric vehicle.SOLUTION: A battery pack comprises: a first case housing multiple battery modules; a second case housing the first case; a heat insulation material and a movable heat insulation material that are disposed between the first case and the second case; first to third openings that penetrate through the first case, the second case, and the heat insulation material; a movable heat insulation material insertion/removal device inserting the movable heat insulation material into an area between the first case and the second case and housing the movable heat insulation material therein; a cooling/heating device cooling or heating air taken from the second opening and discharging the air; a fan taking in the air discharged from the cooling/heating device or air in a mounting device and sending the air into the first case from the first opening; and a switching unit switching the connection of the fan between the connection with the cooling/heating device and the connection with the mounting device.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a battery pack, a secondary battery device, and an electric vehicle.

  For example, lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used as batteries for electric vehicles such as electric vehicles and other electronic devices. A secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery has a usable capacity that changes with deterioration. In order to suppress the deterioration of the secondary battery, it has been found that the temperature of the battery should be kept in an appropriate temperature range. Therefore, it is desired to manage the battery mounted on the electric vehicle or the electronic device so as to keep the temperature within a certain range so as to extend the life of the battery and ensure the reliability.

JP 2004-327223 A JP 2011-219042 A

  Embodiments of the present invention have been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a battery pack, a secondary battery device, and an electric vehicle that suppress battery deterioration.

  The battery pack according to the embodiment includes a battery module including a plurality of secondary battery cells, a first case that accommodates the plurality of battery modules, a second case that accommodates the first case, the first case, and the A heat insulating material disposed between the second case, a movable heat insulating material insertable between the first case and the second case, the first case, the second case, and the heat insulating material; The first opening, the second opening, and the third opening that pass through, the movable heat insulating material is housed, and the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device that is inserted between the first case and the second case, A cooling / warming device that cools or heats the air taken in from the second opening and discharges it, and air that is discharged from the cooling / warming device or air in the mounted device is taken in from the first opening. Into the first case A switching flap that switches so as to open a path between any one of the fan, the cooling / warming device, and the mounted device, and the fan, the first opening, the second opening, and the A door capable of opening and closing each of the third openings;

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of the battery pack BT. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a temperature threshold value used when the battery control unit performs temperature management of the battery pack. FIG. 4 is a state transition diagram illustrating an example of an operation in which the battery control unit performs temperature management of the battery pack. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of temperature control of the battery control unit in accordance with the temperature of the battery pack, the temperature outside the vehicle, and the temperature inside the vehicle interior. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control signal to the battery pack for each temperature management state of the battery control unit. FIG. 7 is an example of a battery pack when neither cooling nor heating is performed. FIG. 8 is an example of a battery pack when cooling with running wind or outside air. FIG. 9 is an example of a battery pack when it is cooled or heated by vehicle interior air. FIG. 10 shows an example of a battery pack that is cooled by running air or outside air and cooled by air in the passenger compartment. FIG. 11 is an example of a battery pack when cooling or warming using a cooling / warming device. FIG. 12 shows an example of a battery pack that is cooled by using a cooling / warming device and cooled by traveling wind or outside air.

  Hereinafter, a secondary battery device and an electric vehicle according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment.
The electric vehicle of this embodiment includes a drive wheel WL, a reduction gear RG, a motor M, an inverter INV, a motor control unit 60, an accelerator pedal AP, an accelerator pedal sensor 22, a vehicle speed sensor 24, and a shift lever. SL, shift sensor 26, start switch SW, start switch sensor 28, brake pedal BP, brake pedal sensor 52, brake control unit 50, brake actuator 54, charging connector CNT, and charging control unit 30, a vehicle outside temperature sensor 42, a vehicle interior temperature sensor 44, a secondary battery device, and a vehicle control unit 20. The secondary battery device includes a battery pack BT and a battery control unit 10.

  The accelerator pedal sensor 22 detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal AP operated by the user, and outputs the detected amount of depression of the accelerator pedal to the vehicle control unit 20.

  The vehicle speed sensor 24 detects the speed of the electric vehicle and outputs it to the vehicle control unit 20.

  The shift sensor 26 detects the position (D: drive, R: reverse, P: parking, etc.) of the shift lever SL operated by the user, and outputs the detected shift position to the vehicle control unit 20.

  When the activation switch SW is operated by the user, the activation switch sensor 28 generates an activation notification that is a signal necessary for control. The start switch sensor 28 transmits a start notification to the vehicle control unit.

  The charging connector CNT is electrically connected to an external charger (rapid charger or normal charger) when charging (rapid charging or normal charging) of the battery pack BT of the electric vehicle. The battery pack BT may be charged by wire or wirelessly.

  The charging control unit 30 controls charging based on the charging rate from the battery control unit 10 and the set value from the vehicle control unit 20 so that the charging rate of the battery pack BT is equal to or less than the set value. Specifically, the charging is stopped when the charging rate of the battery pack BT reaches a set value.

  The motor control unit 60 receives the torque command from the vehicle control unit 20, generates a motor control signal so that the motor M realizes the value of the torque command, and controls the operation of the inverter INV.

  The inverter INV converts the DC power of the battery pack BT into AC power according to the motor control signal from the motor control unit 60 and outputs the AC power to the motor M.

  The motor M is rotated by AC power supplied from the inverter INV. The motor M performs a power running operation by transmitting rotational power to the axle. The motor M performs regenerative operation by converting the driving force of the axles back to electric power.

  Reducer RG transmits the driving force generated by motor M to the axle and transmits the driving force from the axle to motor M.

  The brake pedal sensor 52 detects the amount of depression of the brake pedal BP operated by the user. The brake pedal sensor 52 outputs the detected brake pedal depression amount to the brake control unit 50.

  The brake control unit 50 outputs a brake control signal to the brake actuator 54 in accordance with the depression amount of the brake pedal.

  The brake actuator 54 generates hydraulic pressure for controlling the brake mechanism 55 according to the brake control signal.

  The brake mechanism 55 performs braking by pressing a disk rotor provided corresponding to each wheel WL, WL with a brake pad operated by hydraulic pressure from the brake actuator 54.

  The battery pack BT outputs DC power to the inverter INV and is charged with DC power supplied from the charge control unit 30. The configuration of the battery pack BT will be described later with reference to FIG.

  The vehicle outside temperature sensor 42 measures the temperature outside the vehicle on the surface to be cooled by the traveling wind and the vehicle outside air of the battery pack BT, and generates a vehicle outside temperature that is a signal necessary for control. The vehicle outside temperature sensor 42 is preferably provided outside the vehicle on the cooling target surface of the battery pack BT by the traveling wind / air outside the vehicle. However, the temperature outside the vehicle can be measured, and the cooling by the traveling wind / air outside the vehicle can be determined. If it is a place, you may prepare for another place.

  The vehicle interior temperature sensor 44 measures the temperature on the vehicle interior side for cooling / heating by the air in the vehicle interior of the battery pack BT, and generates a vehicle interior temperature that is a signal necessary for control. The vehicle interior temperature sensor 44 is preferably provided at the vehicle interior air intake of the battery pack BT, but may be a location where the temperature of the vehicle interior air can be measured and cooling / heating by the vehicle interior air can be determined. You may prepare for another place.

  The battery control unit 10 sets the battery temperature within the battery temperature management range using the battery temperature from the battery pack BT, the vehicle exterior temperature from the vehicle exterior temperature sensor 42, and the vehicle interior temperature from the vehicle interior temperature sensor 44. For this purpose, control signals (cooling / heating control signal, fan control signal, movable insulating material insertion / removal device control signal, air switching flap control signal, and door control signal) for each device in the battery pack BT are generated.

  Based on the battery temperature from the battery pack BT, the vehicle exterior temperature from the vehicle exterior temperature sensor 42, the vehicle interior temperature from the vehicle interior temperature sensor 44, and the battery temperature management range, the battery control unit 10 The control signal to the battery pack BT is generated by combining the cooling of the battery pack BT by the cooling, the cooling or heating of the battery pack BT by the cabin air, and the cooling or heating of the battery pack BT by the cooling / heating device.

  The battery control unit 10 sets a plurality of temperature thresholds within the battery temperature management range for temperature control of the battery pack BT. The direction in which the temperature of the battery pack BT is lowered, that is, on the cooling side, three temperature threshold values P1, P2, and P3 are set, and the direction in which the temperature of the battery pack BT is raised, that is, the temperature side, two temperature threshold values M1, M2 is set.

  The vehicle control unit 20 calculates a required driving torque from the user's accelerator pedal operation amount, vehicle speed, and shift position using a driving torque map, and gives a torque command to the motor control unit 60. The control unit 30 and the brake control unit 50 are cooperatively controlled.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of the battery module mounted on the battery pack BT.

  The battery pack BT includes a plurality of battery modules MDL, an inner case 11, an outer case 12, a heat insulating material 13, a cooling / heating device 14, an air switching flap (switch) FLP, a fan 15, and a movable battery pack BT. The heat insulating material 16, the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device 17, and the ducts D1-D3 are provided.

  Battery module MDL includes a plurality of secondary battery cells (not shown). The plurality of secondary battery cells are, for example, lithium ion batteries. The plurality of battery modules MDL are connected in parallel or in series.

  The inner case 11 houses a plurality of battery modules MDL. The inner case (first case) 11 includes a bottom surface, a top surface facing the bottom surface, a side surface extending between the bottom surface and the top surface, a first opening 11A, a second opening 11B, and a third opening provided on the side surface. 11C, 1st door A1, 2nd door B1, and 3rd door C1.

  11 A of 1st openings are provided in the upper surface side of the side surface. The second opening 11B and the third opening 11C are provided on the bottom side of the side surface.

  The first door A1 is attached to the inner side of the inner case 11 and slides up and down to open and close between the first opening 11A and the inner case 11 interior. The second door B <b> 1 is attached to the inner side of the inner case 11 and slides in the vertical direction to open and close between the second opening 11 </ b> B and the inner case 11. The third door C1 is attached to the inner side of the inner case 11 and slides in the vertical direction to open and close between the third opening 11C and the inside of the inner case 11.

  The heat insulating material 13 is disposed between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 so as to face the side surface and the upper surface of the inner case 11 excluding the first opening 11A, the second opening 11B, and the third opening 11C.

  The movable heat insulating material 16 is inserted between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 by a movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device 17 described later so as to face the surface to be cooled of the inner case 11, and the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal is performed. It can be stored in the container 17. In the present embodiment, the cooling target surface of the inner case 11 is the bottom surface.

  As the heat insulating material 13 and the movable heat insulating material 16, for example, a vacuum heat insulating material excellent in heat insulating performance can be used in addition to the fiber heat insulating material and the foaming heat insulating material.

  The battery pack BT shown in FIG. 2 has the bottom surface of the battery pack BT as a surface to be cooled by running wind or outside air, but the shape of the battery pack BT, the arrangement of the battery pack BT in the electric vehicle, the vehicle aerodynamic design, the vehicle In accordance with the cooling design or the like, it is preferable to set a suitable cooling target surface. Similarly, in the battery pack BT shown in FIG. 2, the cooling target surface is only the bottom surface, but there may be a plurality of cooling target surfaces.

  The outer case 12 has a bottom surface, an upper surface, and side surfaces, and houses the inner case 11, the heat insulating material 13, and the movable heat insulating material 16. A part (not shown) of the bottom surface of the outer case 12 is disposed on the vehicle floor surface and supported by the vehicle floor surface, and an area facing the battery module MDL is exposed to the external environment through an opening provided on the vehicle floor surface. doing. The side surface of the outer case 12 has a first opening 11A, a second opening 11B, and a fourth opening 12A, a fifth opening 12B, and a sixth opening 12C that are continuous with the third opening 11C. doing. The outer case 12 has a fourth door A2, a fifth door B2, and a sixth door C2. The fourth door A2 is attached to the outside of the outer case 12, and slides up and down to open and close between the fourth opening 12A and the external environment. The fifth door B2 is attached to the outside of the outer case 12 and slides up and down to open and close between the fifth opening 12B and the external environment. The sixth door C2 is attached to the outside of the outer case 12, and slides up and down to open and close between the sixth opening 12C and the vehicle outside discharge duct D3.

  The first opening 11A and the fourth opening 12A constitute an opening A, the second opening 11B and the fifth opening 12B constitute an opening B, and the third opening 11C and the sixth opening 12C constitute an opening C. The opening A, the opening B, and the opening C penetrate the first case 11, the second case 12, and the heat insulating material 13.

  The cooling / warming device 14 takes in the air in the inner case 11 from the opening B by the cooling / warming control signal from the battery control unit 10, cools and warms it, and discharges it. The cooling / warming device 14 includes an air intake portion 14IN connected to the opening B and an air discharge portion 14OUT connected to the cooling / warming device duct D2. The cooling / heating device 14 takes in the air in the inner case 11 and discharges the cooled air or the heated air to the cooling / heating duct.

  The vehicle interior duct D1 is a wind conduit provided between the vehicle interior and the fan 15. The vehicle interior duct D1 has a vehicle interior air intake D10 and a seventh door D11 that opens and closes the vehicle interior air intake. The vehicle interior air intake D10 is connected to the vehicle interior space. The seventh door D11 rotates with the edge of the vehicle interior air intake D10 as a fulcrum, and opens and closes between the vehicle interior duct D1 and the vehicle interior space.

  The cooling / warming device duct D <b> 2 is a wind conduit provided between the air discharge unit 14 </ b> OUT of the cooling / warming device 14 and the fan 15. The duct D1 and the duct D2 are connected in front of the fan 15.

  The air switching flap FLP is provided in a portion where the duct D1 and the duct D2 are connected, and opens a path between one of the duct D1 and the duct D2 and the air intake side of the fan 15. Therefore, the air discharged from either the cooling / warming device 14 or the passenger compartment (inside the mounted device) is guided to the air intake side of the fan 15.

  The fan 15 operates in accordance with a fan control signal from the battery control unit 10 and takes in air discharged from the cooling / heating device 14 or air in the vehicle interior (inside the mounted device) and enters the inner case from the opening A. Send it in.

  The vehicle outside discharge duct D3 is a wind conduit provided between the outside of the vehicle and the inside of the inner case 11. The vehicle outside discharge duct D3 has a vehicle outside air discharge port D30 and an eighth door D31 that opens and closes the vehicle outside air discharge port D30. The vehicle outside air discharge port D30 is connected to the external environment. The eighth door D31 rotates with the edge of the outside air discharge port D30 as a fulcrum, and opens and closes between the outside discharge duct D3 and the external environment.

  The movable heat insulating material insertion / removal unit 17 inserts and stores the movable heat insulating material 16 between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 in accordance with a movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device control signal from the battery control unit 10. The movable heat insulating material 16 may be wound, for example, in a cylindrical shape and accommodated in the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device 17 or may be folded in a bellows shape and accommodated in the movable heat insulation material insertion / removal device 17. When the movable heat insulating material 16 is inserted between the bottom surface of the outer case 12 and the bottom surface of the inner case 11, the inner case 11 is insulated from the external environment by the movable heat insulating material 16 and the heat insulating material 13. When the movable heat insulating material 16 is wound up, the bottom surfaces of the outer case 12 and the inner case 11 are exposed to the external environment without being insulated, and can be cooled by running wind or outside air.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a temperature threshold value used when the battery control unit 10 performs temperature management of the battery pack BT.

  In the present embodiment, a battery temperature management range is provided between the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the battery operating temperature, and three temperature threshold values P1, P2 are provided between the center value and the upper limit value of the battery temperature management range. P3 (center value <P1 <P2 <P3 <upper limit value) is provided, and temperature threshold values M1 and M2 (lower limit value <M2 <M1 <center value) are set between the center value and the lower limit value of the battery temperature management range. It is provided to manage the temperature of the battery pack BT.

An example of how to determine these temperature threshold values can be determined as follows.
Temperature step P = (temperature control range upper limit value−temperature control range center value) ÷ 4
Temperature threshold P1 = temperature control range center value + temperature step P
Temperature threshold P2 = temperature control range center value + temperature step P × 2
Temperature threshold value P3 = temperature control range center value + temperature step P × 3
Temperature step M = (Temperature management range center value−Temperature management range lower limit) ÷ 4
Temperature threshold M1 = temperature control range center value−temperature step M
Temperature threshold M2 = temperature control range center value−temperature step M × 2
However, the method for determining the temperature threshold value is an example, and it is determined according to the cooling / heating capability by the cooling / heating device 14, the cooling / heating capability by the air in the passenger compartment, and the cooling capability by the traveling wind / air outside the vehicle. Is preferred. Furthermore, it is also preferable to set in consideration of the cooling or heating waiting time (latency). In addition, by storing the battery temperature management range and each temperature threshold value in a rewritable memory, it can be rewritten at the time of vehicle inspection, etc. in addition to being set at the time of vehicle manufacture / sales by the electric vehicle manufacturer. It is also preferable to change according to the deterioration state.

  Battery control unit 10 does not cool or heat battery pack BT when the temperature of battery pack BT is greater than temperature threshold value M1 and less than temperature threshold value P1.

  When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or higher than the temperature threshold value P1, the battery control unit 10 performs cooling with traveling wind and outside air according to the temperature outside the battery pack BT. When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or higher than the temperature threshold value P2, the battery control unit 10 performs cooling by running wind and outside air according to the temperature outside the battery pack BT, and further according to the vehicle interior temperature. Cool with air. When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or higher than the temperature threshold value P3, the battery control unit 10 performs cooling with the traveling wind and the outside air according to the temperature outside the battery pack BT, and the cooling / heating device 14 The pack BT is cooled.

  When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or lower than the temperature threshold value M1, the battery control unit 10 warms the battery pack BT with vehicle interior air according to the vehicle interior temperature. When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or lower than the temperature threshold value M2, the battery control unit 10 warms the battery pack BT with the cooling / warming device 14.

  FIG. 4 is a state transition diagram illustrating an example of an operation in which the battery control unit 10 performs temperature management of the battery pack BT. In the present embodiment, from the battery temperature management range, the battery temperature, the vehicle interior temperature, and the vehicle exterior temperature, the cooling of the battery pack BT by the traveling wind and the vehicle exterior air, the cooling or heating of the battery pack BT by the vehicle interior air, and cooling / The temperature of the battery pack BT is maintained within the battery temperature management range by combining the three processes of cooling or heating the battery pack BT by the heating device 14.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of temperature control of the battery control unit 10 according to the temperature of the battery pack BT, the temperature outside the vehicle, and the temperature inside the vehicle interior.

When the temperature of the battery pack BT is lower than the temperature threshold value P1 and higher than the temperature threshold value M1, the battery control unit 10 performs neither cooling control nor heating control. (State 1)
When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or higher than the temperature threshold value P1, the temperature control of the battery pack BT is changed from the state 1 to the state 2. The battery control unit 10 compares the temperature of the battery pack BT with the temperature outside the vehicle. When the temperature of the battery pack BT is higher than the outside temperature of the vehicle (state 2-1), the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT with the traveling wind and the outside air, and the temperature of the battery pack BT is equal to or lower than the outside temperature. (State 2-2), the battery pack BT is not cooled by running wind and outside air.

  Here, when the vehicle is parked, there is no traveling wind, so only the outside air is cooled. Although cooling capacity is lower than cooling by running wind only by cooling with outside air, the temperature rise of the battery pack BT occurs even in parking such as during charging. Cooling with air outside the vehicle can improve the cooling capacity and reduce the power used for cooling.

  When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or higher than the temperature threshold P2, the temperature control of the battery pack BT is changed from the state 2 to the state 3. The battery control unit 10 compares the temperature of the battery pack BT with the temperature outside the vehicle, and compares the temperature of the battery pack BT with the temperature inside the vehicle interior. When the temperature of the battery pack BT is higher than the temperature outside the vehicle (state 3-1), the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT with traveling wind and outside air, and the temperature of the battery pack BT is equal to or lower than the temperature outside the vehicle. (State 3-2) The battery pack BT is not cooled by the traveling wind and the outside air. Further, when the temperature of the battery pack BT is higher than the vehicle interior temperature (state 3-3), the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT with the vehicle interior air, and the temperature of the battery pack BT is equal to or lower than the vehicle interior temperature. In some cases (state 3-4), the battery pack BT is not cooled by the cabin air.

When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or higher than the temperature threshold P3, the temperature control of the battery pack BT is changed from the state 3 to the state 4. The battery control unit 10 compares the temperature of the battery pack BT with the outside temperature. When the temperature of the battery pack BT is higher than the temperature outside the vehicle (state 4-1), the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT with traveling wind and outside air, and the temperature of the battery pack BT is equal to or lower than the temperature outside the vehicle. (State 4-2), the battery pack BT is not cooled by the driving wind and the outside air. Further, the battery control unit 10 controls the cooling / warming device 14 to cool the battery pack BT. (State 4)
When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or lower than the temperature threshold value M1, the temperature control of the battery pack BT is changed from the state 1 to the state 5. The battery control unit 10 compares the temperature of the battery pack BT with the passenger compartment temperature. When the temperature of the battery pack BT is lower than the vehicle interior temperature (state 5-1), the battery control unit 10 heats the battery pack BT with vehicle interior air, and the temperature of the battery pack BT is equal to or higher than the vehicle interior temperature. In the case (state 5-2), the battery pack BT is not heated by the vehicle interior air. (State 5)
When the temperature of the battery pack BT becomes equal to or lower than the temperature threshold M2, the temperature control of the battery pack BT is changed from the state 5 to the state 6. The battery control unit 10 controls the cooling / warming device 14 to heat the battery pack BT (state 6).

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control signal to the battery pack BT for each temperature management state of the battery control unit 10.

  FIG. 7 shows the battery pack BT when the battery pack BT is neither cooled nor heated. In state 1, state 2-2, state 3-2 and state 3-4, and state 5-2, the battery control unit 10 does not cool or heat the battery pack BT. At this time, the battery control unit 10 turns off the cooling / warming control signal to stop the cooling / warming device 14 and opens a path between the vehicle interior side, the vehicle interior, and the fan 15 for the switching flap control signal. . Further, the battery control unit 10 turns off the fan control signal and stops the fan 15. Moreover, the battery control unit 10 inserts the movable heat insulating material 16 from the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device 17 between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 by inserting the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device control signal. Further, the battery control unit 10 closes the doors A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D11, and D31, and all air paths between the space in the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 and the outer space are provided. close up.

  FIG. 8 shows the battery pack BT when the battery pack BT is cooled by running wind or outside air. In the state 2-1, the state 3-1, and the state 3-4, the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT by the traveling wind or the outside air. At this time, the battery control unit 10 stops the cooling / heating device 14 by turning off the cooling / heating control signal, and opens the path between the vehicle interior and the fan 15 with the switching flap control signal as the vehicle interior side. . Further, the battery control unit 10 turns off the fan control signal and stops the fan 15. Further, the battery control unit 10 winds up the movable heat insulating material 16 by the movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device 17 by taking up the movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device control signal. When the movable heat insulating material 16 is wound up, the bottom surfaces of the outer case 12 and the inner case 11 are exposed to the external environment without being insulated, and cooled by running wind or outside air. Further, the battery control unit 10 closes the doors A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D11, and D31, and all air paths between the space in the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 and the outer space are provided. close up.

  FIG. 9 shows the battery pack BT when the battery pack BT is cooled or heated by the air in the passenger compartment. In the state 3-2, the state 3-3, and the state 5-1, the battery control unit 10 cools or warms the battery pack BT with vehicle interior air. At this time, the battery control unit 10 turns off the cooling / heating control signal and stops the cooling / heating device 14, and opens the path between the vehicle interior and the fan 15 with the switching flap control signal as the vehicle interior side. The battery control unit 10 operates the fan 15 with the fan control signal turned on. Further, the battery control unit 10 inserts the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device 17 between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 by inserting the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device control signal. The battery control unit 10 opens the doors A1, A2, C1, C2, D11, and D31, and closes the doors B1 and B2. In this state, the vehicle interior air is taken into the inner case 11 by the fan 15, and after cooling or heating the battery module MDL in the inner case 11, it is discharged from the vehicle outside air discharge port D30 of the vehicle outside discharge duct D3. .

  FIG. 10 shows the battery pack BT when the battery pack BT is cooled by the traveling wind or the outside air and also cooled by the vehicle interior air. In the state 3-1 and the state 3-3, the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT with the traveling wind or the outside air and the vehicle interior air. At this time, the battery control unit 10 turns off the cooling / warming control signal and stops the cooling / warming device 14, and opens the path between the vehicle interior and the fan 15 with the switching flap control signal as the vehicle interior side. The battery control unit 10 operates the fan 15 with the fan control signal turned on. Further, the battery control unit 10 winds up the movable heat insulating material 16 by the movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device 17 by taking up the movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device control signal. When the movable heat insulating material 16 is wound up, the bottom surfaces of the outer case 12 and the inner case 11 are exposed to the external environment without being insulated, and cooled by running wind or outside air. The battery control unit 10 opens the doors A1, A2, C1, C2, D11, and D31, and closes the doors B1 and B2. In this state, the vehicle interior air is taken into the inner case 11 by the fan 15, cools the battery module MDL in the inner case 11, and then is discharged from the vehicle outside air discharge port D 30 of the vehicle outside discharge duct D 3.

  FIG. 11 shows the battery pack BT when the battery pack BT is cooled or warmed using the cooling / warming device 14. In state 4-2 and state 6, the battery control unit 10 cools or heats the battery pack BT using the cooling / warming device 14. At this time, the battery control unit 10 turns on the cooling / warming control signal to operate the cooling / warming device 14, and sets the switching flap control signal to the cooling / warming device side, the cooling / warming device 14, the fan 15, Open a route between. The battery control unit 10 operates the fan 15 with the fan control signal turned on. Further, the battery control unit 10 inserts the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device 17 between the inner case 11 and the outer case 12 by inserting the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device control signal. Further, the battery control unit 10 opens the doors A1, A2, B1, and B2, and closes the doors C1, C2, D11, and D31. In this state, the air taken into the inner case 11 circulates in the inner case 11, the cooling / heating device 14, and the cooling / heating device duct D <b> 2 by the fan 15. The battery module MDL in the inner case 11 is cooled or heated by the air cooled or heated by the cooling / heating device 14.

  FIG. 12 shows the battery pack BT when the battery pack BT is cooled using the cooling / warming device 14 and is cooled by running wind or outside air. In state 4-1, the battery control unit 10 cools the battery pack BT using the cooling / warming device 14, and cools the battery pack BT with traveling wind or outside air. At this time, the battery control unit 10 turns on the cooling / warming control signal to operate the cooling / warming device 14, and sets the switching flap control signal to the cooling / warming device side, the cooling / warming device 14, the fan 15, Open a route between. Further, the battery control unit 10 operates the fan 15 by turning on the fan control signal. Further, the battery control unit 10 winds up the movable heat insulating material 16 by the movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device 17 by taking up the movable heat insulating material inserting / removing device control signal. Further, the battery control unit 10 opens the doors A1, A2, B1, and B2, and closes the doors C1, C2, D11, and D31. In this state, the air taken into the inner case 11 by the fan 15 circulates in the inner case 11, the cooling / heating device 14, and the cooling / heating device duct D2, thereby cooling the battery module MDL. Further, the bottom surfaces of the outer case 12 and the inner case 11 are exposed to the external environment without being insulated, and are cooled by traveling wind or outside air.

  As described above, according to the battery pack BT and the electric vehicle of the present embodiment, both the direction in which the battery temperature is lowered and the direction in which the battery temperature is raised are controlled, and the temperature management of the battery pack is efficiently realized with one mechanism. Can do.

  Further, when the battery pack BT is cooled, the entire surface of the battery pack BT can be thermally insulated, and can be cooled by running wind or outside air. It is possible to reduce the power used in the above, and to reduce the power used by reducing the use capacity of the cooling / warming device 14.

  Further, when the battery pack BT is heated, since the entire surface of the battery pack BT can be insulated, the electric power used in the vehicle interior air conditioning due to the heat loss due to the use of the vehicle interior air is reduced, and the cooling / heating is performed. It is possible to reduce the power used by reducing the use capacity of the device 14.

  In addition, since the entire surface of the battery pack BT can be insulated in both cases of cooling and heating of the battery pack BT, the required cooling / heating capacity may be reduced. Can be small.

  As a result, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the power and device weight necessary for cooling and heating, and the electric vehicle performance such as the improvement of power consumption, the cruising distance, and the acceleration performance due to the weight reduction of the battery pack BT. It is possible to improve the vehicle layout, comfort, and productivity by reducing the volume of the cooling / warming device 14 and the volume of the battery pack BT.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a battery pack, a secondary battery device, and an electric vehicle that suppress battery deterioration.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  The arrangement of the components of the battery pack BT is not limited to the case shown in FIG. 2, but the shape of the battery pack BT, the arrangement of the battery pack BT in the electric vehicle, the temperature distribution in the vehicle interior, the vehicle aerodynamic design, A suitable arrangement location is suitable depending on the vehicle cooling design or the like.

  The battery pack BT only needs to be configured to be cooled by exposing the surface to be cooled to the outside, and is not limited to the configuration in which the movable heat insulating material 16 is accommodated in the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal unit 17. For example, the space between the surface to be cooled and the heat insulating material may be configured to be connectable to the outside, and the surface to be cooled may be cooled by running wind or outside air.

  Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the case where a secondary battery apparatus was mounted in an electric vehicle, the mounting apparatus of a secondary battery apparatus is not limited to an electric vehicle. Even when mounted on an electronic device other than an electric vehicle, the cooling by the air outside the mounting device, the cooling or heating by the air inside the mounting device, and the cooling by the cooling / heating device, as in the above embodiment. Or the same effect can be acquired by combining a heating and cooling or heating a battery pack.

  BT ... Battery pack, WL ... Drive wheel, RG ... Speed reducer, M ... Motor, INV ... Inverter, MDL ... Battery module, FLP ... Switching flap (switch), A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D11 D21, D31 ... door, D1 ... vehicle interior duct, D2 ... cooling / warming device duct, D3 ... vehicle exterior discharge duct, A ... opening (first opening), B ... opening (second opening), C ... opening ( 3rd opening), P1-P3, M1, M2 ... temperature threshold, 10 ... battery control unit, 11 ... inner case (first case), 12 ... outer case (second case), 13 ... heat insulating material, 14 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Cooling / warming device, 15 ... Fan, 16 ... Movable heat insulating material, 17 ... Movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device, 20 ... Vehicle control unit, 42 ... Outside temperature sensor, 44 ... Vehicle interior temperature sensor, 60 ... Motor control unit .

Claims (6)

A battery module including a plurality of secondary battery cells;
A first case containing a plurality of the battery modules;
A second case containing the first case;
A heat insulating material disposed between the first case and the second case;
A movable heat insulating material insertable between the first case and the second case;
A first opening, a second opening, and a third opening penetrating the first case, the second case, and the heat insulating material;
A movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device that houses the movable heat insulating material and is inserted between the first case and the second case,
A cooling / warming device that cools or warms and discharges air taken in through the second opening;
A fan that takes in air discharged from the cooling / warming device or air in a mounted device and feeds it into the first case from the first opening;
A switch for switching to open a path between the cooling / warming device and any one of the on-board equipment and the fan;
A door capable of opening and closing each of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening;
A battery pack comprising:   The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating material is one of a fiber heat insulating material, a foam heat insulating material, and a vacuum heat insulating material. The battery pack according to claim 1 or 2,
Based on the temperature management range of the battery pack, the temperature of the battery pack, the temperature inside the mounted device on which the battery pack is mounted, and the temperature outside the mounted device, the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device, the fan, the cooling / heating device The temperature of the battery pack is controlled by controlling the temperature device and the switching device to combine cooling by air outside the mounted device, cooling or heating by the air inside the mounted device, and cooling or heating by the cooling / heating device. A battery control unit for managing the secondary battery device.   When the temperature of the battery pack is equal to or higher than a first temperature threshold, the battery control unit stores the movable heat insulating material in the movable heat insulating material insertion / removal device according to the temperature outside the mounted device, When the temperature is equal to or higher than a second temperature threshold value that is higher than the first temperature threshold value, a path between the mounted device and the fan is opened by the switch according to the temperature in the mounted device. The fan is operated, and when the temperature of the battery pack is equal to or higher than a third temperature threshold value higher than the second temperature threshold value, the switch is used to switch between the cooling / warming device and the fan. 4. The secondary battery device according to claim 3, wherein the cooling / heating device and the fan are operated by opening a path.   When the temperature of the battery pack is equal to or lower than a fourth temperature threshold, the battery control unit opens the path between the mounted device and the fan by the switch according to the mounted device temperature. When the fan is operated and the temperature of the battery pack is equal to or lower than the fifth temperature threshold value, the switching unit opens a path between the cooling / warming device and the fan, and the cooling / warming device. The secondary battery device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the fan and the fan are operated. A secondary battery device according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
A first temperature sensor for detecting a temperature in a mounted device on which the battery pack is mounted;
A second temperature sensor for detecting a temperature outside the mounted device on which the battery pack is mounted;
An inverter that converts DC power output from the secondary battery device;
A motor driven by the electric power output from the inverter;
A wheel to which power for rotating the motor is transmitted;
An electric vehicle comprising: a vehicle control unit that generates a torque request for the motor.

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