JP2013145052A - Slide bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slide bearing that has excellent encapsulation performance for foreign matter while having excellent abrasion resistance of a sliding layer, and to provide a method for forming the sliding bearing.SOLUTION: In a slide bearing 1 having a support layer and a slide layer 3, the slide layer 3 is divided into at least one first region 8 and at least one second region 9 in a plain surface, and at least the one first region 8 is made of A1Sn40Cu, and at least the one second region 9 is made of a white metal.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of forming a multi-layer sliding bearing, whereby at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer, is formed on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying method, and the sliding bearing is in contact with a protective layer and a sliding layer. In which case the sliding layer is planar and divided into at least two regions.

  Conventional running layers of plain bearings are made of a soft material such as lead, tin, bismuth or a hard material such as an alloy of copper, silver or nickel. The soft running layer is characterized by its high embedding ability to dirt and foreign particles, but it wears rapidly or breaks when the load is high. A hard running layer has a high wear resistance and can be subjected to high loads, but reacts corrosively to dirt particles.

  In order to solve this reciprocity, a sliding bearing is proposed in Patent Document 1 based on the present applicant, in which the traveling layer is at least a first partial traveling layer and a softer second partial traveling. In which case at least the second partial running layer has a layer thickness that varies over the length and / or width of the running surface.

  U.S. Patent No. 6,057,031 describes a composite sliding bearing having opposing terminal edges, which has a support layer, an intermediate layer formed from a material having a predetermined hardness, and a sliding layer, the sliding layer being It is formed from a material that is less rigid than the material of the intermediate layer, in which case the sliding layer is provided in at least one substantial part of the intermediate layer and has an inner side. The intermediate layer has a radially inner surface, the inner surface being defined by a pair of surfaces that are eccentric with respect to the bearing, in which case each pair of surfaces is along a cutting line. Intersecting, and the cutting line is covered by at least one part of the circumferential extent of the bearing and is inclined with respect to the opposite terminal edge of the bearing, in which case the surface has a thickness of the intermediate layer from the cutting line Radius of curvature, starting from the respective cutting line and descending, and the radial inner surface of the sliding bearing is at most equal to the distance between the bearing axis and each point of the cutting line to reduce have. Thus, a sliding bearing is provided that has higher load resistance and higher wear resistance in each phase of its life, in which case adequate embedding capability is maintained while shaft wear is reduced.

  From Patent Document 3, a three-material sliding bearing is known, in which an intermediate layer made of a harder bearing material is arranged only in the axial edge region of the bearing. In the center of the bearing where the load is high, the sliding layer is directly supported by the steel protective layer. Accordingly, breakage at the center of the bearing is avoided.

  Furthermore, in the prior art, for example, Patent Document 4 already describes a so-called grooved bearing, in which the sliding bearing layer has a groove filled with a soft material such as tin.

International Publication WO2009 / 059344A2 European Patent Publication EP0677149B1 German publication DE3816404A1 German publication DE102004030017A1

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a sliding bearing having a good embedding ability for foreign objects while simultaneously having a good wear resistance of the sliding layer and a method of forming the same.

  The problem is that, on the one hand, the layer is formed from AlSn40Cu and white metal, in which case AlSn40Cu is applied only in at least one defined area on the substrate, in which case the substrate surface Other areas that should not be coated with AlSn40Cu are protected from application by a mask, and in one or more other steps one or more other areas are coated with white metal by spraying, or the first In the step, AlSn40Cu is applied over the entire surface, in a subsequent step at least partially removed in one or more other regions, and in the subsequent step one or more other regions are sprayed with white metal. Coated, by the method mentioned at the outset, and at least one first region From AlSn40Cu, and the sliding bearing at least one second region is made of white metal, it is solved.

  In that case, preferably two or all of the materials constituting the sliding bearing are used by using a mask or stencil to cover the substrate, and thus the area that should not be coated with AlSn40Cu, for example a sliding bearing half-shell. The possibility of direct contact with the same foundation is provided, so that it is no longer necessary to consider the adhesion of the materials for the sliding layer to each other. This is because adhesion is achieved over the plain bearing substrate or the underlying layers. This makes it possible to use a previously unusable combination of materials for the sliding bearing layer, in particular for the sliding layer, so that there is an opposing problem, namely on the one hand the embedding capacity and the adaptability and on the other hand Sliding bearings can be formed that better consider capacity or wear resistance. Furthermore, the economics of forming this plain bearing is improved by the injection method, in particular the use of different materials in the formation of the respective layers of the plain bearing is thereby more economically configured. By using a powdered material applied by a spraying method to generate areas of the sliding layer made of different materials, on the other hand, the coating of the substrate is based on the fact that this powder is particulate. The advantage is that it can be performed more objectively and therefore avoids the material "extending" into adjacent areas, in which case the boundary area between the materials by the injection method itself Within this, the advantage is obtained that a physical or mechanical connection between the materials occurs, whereby the grouping of the layers can be improved. By forming a bond in the boundary region between regions of different materials, it is further possible that one of the materials will wear prematurely and that this material will be lost in the subsequent life cycle of the sliding bearing. Can be blocked. The combination of AlSn40Cu and white metal has the advantage that it can provide an area that can be more mechanically loaded by AlSn40Cu, while there is a softer area due to white metal. In that case, AlSn40Cu “supports” white metal as a material so as not to lose the high load of the sliding bearing. Thus, in the starting phase, where there is insufficient lubrication of the bearing or in the absence of lubrication by the lubricant, a high load can be applied, nevertheless having a bearing surface that can be lubricated or lubricated based on white metal A sliding bearing can be provided. Thus, in particular, it is possible to provide sliding bearings for very large diesel engines, in particular two-stroke engines, in particular main bearings having a diameter of more than 500 mm, or cross-head bearings for two-stroke engines.

  According to an implementation variant of the invention, the white metal is first applied over the entire substrate, after which AlSn40Cu is exposed by mechanical post-treatment of the layer. Thus, for example, coating errors that may occur if AlSn40Cu does not fill one or more regions one hundred percent can be better compensated, further avoiding a mask for white metal application. This achieves the advantage that the coating process itself can be easily configured.

  On the other hand, for the application of white metal on the substrate, a mask may be used to shield areas already coated with AlSn40Cu on the substrate surface, thereby removing excess material. As long as the post-mechanical post-treatment can be avoided and the material for the coating can be further saved, the economy can be improved.

  In a preferred implementation variant of the method, at least one of the materials is in accordance with a cold gas injection method, by a plasma injection method, or by a flame injection method, in particular a high-speed flame injection method or a wire flame injection method or similar spray method, Applied. The advantage is that very high layer thicknesses can be achieved despite the impact of the particles on the substrate at a very high velocity, thereby using a powdered material and at the same time less oxidation of the particles . Thereby, the adhesion of the spray layer on the substrate can thus be improved much compared to other spray methods, in which case the substrate itself is not too hot and subjected to thermal stresses. In the cold gas injection method, further, apart from the edge layer that may occur in the powder particles, the powdered material can be applied onto the substrate without actually changing, so the layer is The advantage is that the properties of the material powder are actually perfectly reproduced. To a lesser extent, this is also true for high speed flame injection methods.

  AlSn40Cu can have a hardness that is at least 20%, in particular at least 25%, preferably at least 30% greater than the hardness of white metal, so that it can be used for sliding bearings, on the other hand, with the required adaptability and dirt particles or delamination. The embedding ability for particles based on is provided, while the necessary hardness is provided to improve wear resistance.

  Preferably, the white metal is applied only in the region of at least one lateral edge of the substrate surface. Thus, the risk of erosion in the sliding bearing as a result of the edge load being too high when the bearing material is hard can be better avoided, in which case the sliding bearing sliding surface fits against the bearing counterpart. After the end, the sliding bearing is still sufficiently strong due to the harder central area when the load is distributed over the entire bearing surface.

  Furthermore, the materials can be sprayed by different spraying methods, which can better consider the material properties, so that the adhesion strength of the material on the substrate surface can be improved.

  It is also possible that white metal is applied with a higher surface roughness and / or higher porosity than AlSn40Cu. Thereby, in the final phase of the sliding bearing, the topography formed on the surface of the area with the white metal can improve the oil storage of the sliding bearing, thereby significantly reducing its wear in the running-in phase. it can.

  According to the implementation example of the sliding bearing, white metal is composed of white metal containing lead such as LgPbSn9Cd (= PbSb14Sn9Cu1), SAE14 (= PbSb15Sn10Cu1), LgPbSb16 (= PbSb16) and LgSn85CuNi (= SnSb12.5Cu3.5Ni1.2d ), LgSn82 (= SnSb12Cu5.5Cd1), LgSn89 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5), SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5, with 1% As), HM07 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5Cd1), WM80 (= It is selected from a group having a white metal not containing lead, such as SnSb12Cu6Pb2), WM10 (= PbSb15.5Sn10Cu1). Preferably, materials that are already available in wire form, such as SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5), are preferably used. With these materials, for example SAE12, it is possible to provide a plain bearing with a very good support capacity in a hardness that is not too low.

  In order to improve the properties of AlSn40Cu, AlSn40Cu can further comprise other alloy elements selected from the group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si. Si makes the grains finer and increases the hardness of the alloy. Mn also makes the grain finer, but in the hardening process, Mn already loses its effectiveness before Si. Thereby crystal buds are already formed in the early hardening state. Durability can be improved by Mn and Ni.

  In that case, it is advantageous if the total proportion of the other alloy elements is at most 3% by weight, in particular between 0.3% and 2% by weight. If the proportion is less than 0.3%, the desired effect does not occur to the desired extent, and if these elements are too high, it may lead to the undesired formation of a fragile phase.

  Furthermore, it is possible to apply a sliding paint layer on the sliding layer. Thereby the running-in behavior of the sliding bearing and thus the phase in which the sliding bearing surface is substantially adapted to the surface of the shaft to be bearing can be improved. In that case the hard foundation provided by AlSn40Cu is effective. This is because it can improve the wear resistance of the sliding paint layer even at high loads.

  The coupling between the regions of the sliding bearings made of different materials can be formed by a cold kinematic compression process, so that during the formation of the sliding bearing, this coupling process allows the material used to be thermally related with respect to its properties. It is not changed or essentially unchanged by the load.

  For better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings.

  Each figure is a graphically simplified display.

It is a side view showing a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell. 1 shows an apparatus for forming a plain bearing. It is a top view which shows the implementation modification of a slide bearing. It is a top view which shows the other implementation modification of a slide bearing. It is a front view which cut | disconnects and shows the implementation modified example of a slide bearing.

  First, it is confirmed that in the embodiment described differently, the same part has the same reference number or the same component name, and the disclosure included in the entire description in that case means Can be transferred to the same part having the same reference number or the same component name. Also, position descriptions such as up, down, side, etc. selected in the description relate to the drawings that are directly described and shown, and if the position changes, the new position according to the meaning Transferred to.

  FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment variant of a sliding bearing 1 in the form of a sliding bearing half-shell having a supporting member 2 or a supporting shell and a sliding layer 3 mounted directly thereon.

  As already mentioned here, the invention is not limited to a plain bearing 1 in the form of a sliding bearing half-shell, but rather, like a thrust ring, a bearing bush (shown in broken lines in FIG. 1). And other sliding bearings 1 are also included, such as, for example, a directly coated application, such as a direct coating of a crankpin bearing or a connecting rod eye, in particular with a sliding layer 3.

  The support member 2 is usually made of steel, but of course can also be made of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as brass, bronze and the like. The support member 2 provides shape stability to the sliding bearing.

  A bearing metal layer 4 can be disposed between the sliding layer 3 and the support member 2 as indicated by a broken line in FIG.

The bearing metal layer 4 can in principle consist of the usual bearing metal for this type of plain bearing 1 known from the prior art. Example for bearing metal layer 3:
Aluminum-based bearing metal, especially:
AlSn6CuNi, AlSn20Cu, AlSi4Cd, AlCd3CuNi, AlSi11Cu, AlSn6Cu, AlSn25CuMn,
AlSi11CuMgNi;
Copper-based bearing metal, especially:
CuSn10, CuAl10Fe5Ni5, CuZn31Si1, CuPb24Sn2, CuSn8Bi10, CuSn5Zn;
Tin-based bearing metal, especially:
SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb

  Other bearing metals based on nickel-, silver-, iron- or chrome alloys, other than those described above, can also be used.

  Furthermore, at least one intermediate layer in the form of a coupling layer or a diffusion barrier layer is arranged between the individual layers, and thus for example between the support layer 2 and the bearing metal layer 4 and / or between the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4. It is possible. The bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer can be made of a common material therefor, and can be made of, for example, an aluminum layer, a tin layer, a copper layer, a nickel layer, a silver layer or an alloy thereof, particularly a binary alloy.

  The diffusion blocking layer usually has a slight layer thickness of 1 to 3 μm. The tie layer can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.

  The bearing metal layer 4 can have a layer thickness selected from a region having a lower limit of 100 μm, preferably 300 μm and an upper limit of 6 mm, preferably 3 mm, and the support member 2 has a lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm. It may have a layer thickness selected from a region having an upper limit of 40 mm, preferably 20 mm.

  According to the invention, the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of a plurality of, ie at least two, different materials, which are in discrete areas on the substrate, ie in the simplest case, the support member 2. Located directly on top. Therefore, when an intermediate layer is to be provided between the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 and another layer, the substrate is arranged in an appropriate layer, for example, the support member 2 and the bearing metal disposed thereon. Formed by layer 4;

  It is pointed out here that in the following only the sliding layer 3 will be dealt with with respect to the invention. However, it is of course also possible for the other layers of the sliding bearing 1, in particular the bearing metal layer 4, which may be present, within the framework of the invention, to be formed by different discrete regions with different materials according to the invention. In this case, a combination of layers is also possible, in which each of these layers or at least two of these layers are each composed of a plurality of different materials. For the case where the bearing metal layer 4 is formed from at least two different materials, these materials can be selected from the materials mentioned above, in which case the sliding bearing 1 is in particular according to a preferred implementation variant of the method. All combinations of these materials are possible as long as they are formed using cold gas injection or HVF injection.

  FIG. 2 shows the process of coating the support member 2 with the first material 5 in a highly schematic manner. For this purpose, a mask 6 is placed on the support member 2-in FIG. 2 the mask 6 is shown separated from the surface of the support member 2 for the sake of clarity-the material 5 uses a coating device 7. Then, it is applied onto the first region 8. This first region 8 extends from the central region of the support member 2 to both front edge regions in this embodiment of the sliding bearing 1, and therefore the -side as viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1. There are two lateral constrictions of the first region 8 in the edge region. For this purpose, the mask 6 or stencil is shaped accordingly, so that these two constricted other areas 9 are covered and are therefore not coated with the material 5 in this first coating stage.

  There is also the possibility that the mask 6 is held by an external holding device at a slight distance relative to the surface of the substrate, and thus the support member 2, in which case this distance is around a lower limit of about 0.5 mm and 20 mm. It can be selected from a region having an upper limit, particularly from a region having a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 9 mm.

  The coating device 7 has a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 flows out. Furthermore, the coating device 7 has of course various supply devices for the material 5, which are not shown in FIG.

  As soon as this first region 8 is coated with the material 5, the mask 6 is removed. In a subsequent coating step, the two regions 9 are coated with another material different from the material 5. The coating can then take place in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate and thus the support member 2 is coated with this other material on the inside, i.e. on the surface facing the component to be supported. Thus, in other words, the region 8 previously coated with the material 5 is also coated with this other material. In this embodiment variant of the method, in the final machining step, for example by finish drilling, a mechanical post-processing is performed, so that the excess material applied on the region 8 is removed, so that the finished slip is achieved. Both regions 8, 9 in the bearing, ie material 5 and the other material, are visible and can be attached to the component to be supported.

  For this reason, in a method variant, the region 8 may be covered by another mask and only the region 9 may be coated by another material, here again by the coating device 7.

  This method results in a sliding layer 3 made of at least two different materials-if necessary, the sliding bearing 1 can be formed with more than two regions 8, 9 in the sliding bearing 1, Furthermore, it is also possible to use more than two materials of different properties for the plurality of regions-in which case the material forming the sliding layer 3 is the substrate and thus in this case the support member 2 And direct contact. Region 8 is coated with a hard material and region 9 is coated with a softer material compared to it.

  In the first method step, the first material 5 may be applied over the entire surface of the substrate. In this case, in another method step, at least one other region 9 is drilled laterally, for example in the region of the longitudinal edge of the plain bearing 1, or at an angled hole on one or both sides. This makes it possible to form a rounded or chamfered cutout for the region 9 in the region of the longitudinal side edges. Thus, in general, the first material in region 9 can be removed again by mechanical processing such as drilling or polishing.

  As the material 5, AlSn40Cu is used. In some cases, the aluminum alloy can be provided with other alloy elements. This alloy element can be selected from the group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Sid. In that case, it is effective if the total proportion of these alloy elements is limited to a maximum of 3% by weight. In particular, this total proportion can be between 0.3% and 2% by weight.

  In that case, Mn can be included in a proportion between 0.05 wt% and 1.5 wt%.

  Mg can be included in a proportion between 0.1% and 1.5% by weight.

  Ni can be included in a proportion between 0.1 wt% and 1.5 wt%.

  Si can be included in a proportion between 0.2% and 2% by weight.

  Another material for region 9 is white metal. White metal can be selected from the group with white metal containing lead like LgPbSn9Cd, SAE14, LgPbSb16 and white metal without lead like LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SAE12, HM07, WM80, WM10 ( See above for material composition). Preferably, a material already available in wire form is used, for example SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5).

  A preferred combination of materials is for example AlSn40Cu / SAE12 or AlSn25CuMn / LgSn82.

  In a preferred form, the application of material 5 and at least one other material is carried out by a cold gas injection method, by a plasma injection method, or by a flame injection method, in particular a high-speed flame injection method or a wire flame injection method, In that case, a combination of these two methods is also possible, for example, harder AlSn40Cu for region 8 is applied by high-speed flame injection and white metal for region 9 is applied by cold gas injection.

  In principle, cold gas injection is already known in the area of sliding bearing formation. Thus, for example, WO2005 / 033353A2 from the present applicant describes a method of forming a composite material by applying cold gas injection. DE 102004043914A1 also already knows the coating of plain bearings by cold gas injection.

  In cold gas injection, as is known, materials, in particular powdered materials, are accelerated to a relatively high velocity and collide on the surface of the substrate as a result of the high velocity, in which case during this collision As the individual particles are tightly bound together, a dense layer results.

  In the same way, in high-speed flame injection (HVOF injection), a dense layer is again formed by accelerating the powdered material against the substrate surface at a high velocity and thereby also impinging on the substrate surface. Arise. Of course, a higher temperature is usually applied in high-speed flame injection than in cold gas injection. However, the two methods have the advantage that a layer with less oxide is produced based on the short convection time of the particles in the spray beam, so that the resulting layer has substantially the composition that the powdery component has. I will provide a.

  Plasma jets are known per se as well, and are therefore directed in that respect to the relevant literature.

  Due to the lower temperature, cold gas injection is preferably used for the white metal coating region 9. This is because the material contains elements that melt preferably low, such as tin or bismuth. Similarly, the wire injection method is effectively applied.

  Because the cold motion compression process takes place at a high rate of applying powdered material onto the substrate surface, this cold motion is within the boundary region between regions 8 and 9 where two different materials abut each other. The compression can generate a bond between these two materials, even though they have different compositions, so that the sliding layer 3 made of different materials in the layer can be made even though the materials are different. It has a high bond strength.

  Furthermore, the high impact velocity results in a tight unity of the layer structure, i.e. a composite material, since bonding, i.e. adhesion to the substrate surface, is relatively high. However, if the bonding strength of the substrate, i.e. the sliding layer 3 on the support member 2, is not sufficient, the substrate, and thus the surface of the support member 2, for example, is known to be mechanically mechanically known from the prior art before coating. And / or roughening by chemical methods.

  FIG. 2 shows that a semi-finished product in the form of a half-shell that has already been molded is coated. However, it is also possible within the framework of the invention that the coating is carried out on a flat surface and that the mechanical deformation to the sliding bearing half-shell is only carried out in another sequence after the end of the entire coating process. In that case, it is effective if AlSn40Cu and white metal are bonded to the surface of the substrate in a cold motion. This is because during the deformation process, in fact, no changes or slight changes are made in the applied material (in powder form) and thus in some cases after thermal deformation after the deformation process. This is because no processing is required.

  The velocity of the particles in the cold gas injection is matched to the material being sprayed. That is, for soft materials such as tin, speeds between 150 m / s and 350 m / s may be required, whereas for copper, 400 m / s to 1100 m / s. Speed may be required. Hard materials may require higher speeds.

  As carrier gas, an inert gas such as argon or preferably nitrogen can be used.

  The amount of powder can be selected according to the size of the powder and the desired layer properties such as hardness and porosity, and is typically between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. For a more porous layer, a higher value is selected and a denser layer requires a smaller amount of powder.

  For HVOF injection or HVAF injection (HVOF uses oxygen, HVAF uses air, and therefore tends to be colder), the parameters are similar, but with additional gas types. Depending on the desired combustion temperature, it is possible to use, for example, acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C.) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C.) or a suitable mixture, for example forming gas.

  The particle velocity is also matched to the material as above. In addition, the residence time in the beam (ie the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated) is taken into account. This is because the surface of the particles must be controlled and oxidized.

  A sliding paint layer can be applied on the sliding layer 3 by a usual method such as painting, dipping or spraying. In principle, all sliding paints known in the area of sliding bearing technology can be used. As sliding paints, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, such as perfluoroalkoxy-copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene-copolymers, fluorine-containing resins, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternating copolymer, for example perfluoroethylenepropylene, statistical copolymer, polyesterimide, bismarimide, for example carboraneimide, polyimide Resin, aromatic polyimide resin, hydrogen-free polyimide resin, poly-triazo-pyromellitimide, polyamide imide, especially aromatic polyallyl ether imide, in some cases Polyetherimide modified by isocyanate, and optionally modified by isocyanate, epoxy resin, epoxy resin ester, phenol resin, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicone, polyallyl ether, poly Allyl ketone, polyallyl ether ketone, polyallyl ether-ether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyethylene sulfide, arylene sulfide, poly-triazo-pyromellitimide, polyester imide, Polyallyl sulfide, polyvinylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyallyl sulfone, polyallyl oxide, polyallyl sulfide and copolymers thereof Can be used.

For sliding paints consisting of 40% to 45% by weight MoS ₂ , 20% to 25% by weight graphite and 30% to 40% by weight polyamideimide in the dry state, or for a significantly reduced coefficient of friction A paint filled with PTFE is effective, in which case, in some cases, hard particles such as oxides, nitrides or carbides, for example, in a proportion of up to 20% by weight in the sliding paint. They can be included and replace solid lubricant proportions. Since this sliding paint can be scraped off in the form of relatively small particles, this particle has the advantage that it does not interfere with the surface of the sliding bearing, and thus the sliding layer, and does not disturb the oil circulation. Have.

  Preferably, a material for region 8 is used to form sliding layer 3, having an altitude that is at least 20% greater than the hardness of other materials for region 9.

  In principle, in the whole process, the softer white metal is not removed or is not completely removed as long as it is applied entirely without the mask 6 as described above and is therefore provided as a so-called break-in layer. There is also a possibility.

  Furthermore, in particular white metal may be applied into the region 9 with a higher surface roughness than AlSn40Cu. This can be achieved, for example, by spraying the particles against the substrate to be coated at a lower speed. In that case, the surface roughness can differ by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9, so that the region 9 can have a surface roughness which is at least 10% higher. The maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of region 9 can be selected from regions having a lower limit of Rz10 and an upper limit of Rz50. Preferably, the maximum roughness profile height according to DIN EN ISO 4287 is at most Rz35.

  Furthermore, there is a possibility of applying a white metal having a higher porosity than that of AlSn40Cu, for example, by increasing the powder flow rate per unit time or by decreasing the injection speed. In that case, the porosity of the white metal can be at least 10%, in particular at least 20% greater than that of AlSn40Cu.

  As mentioned herein, when AlSn40Cu is mentioned as the material in the description, the corresponding form also applies to AlSn40Cu having at least one other alloy element.

  In principle, the ratio between the surface roughness and the porosity can be reversed from that in the preferred embodiment.

  FIG. 3 shows an implementation variant of the sliding bearing 1 in a top view of the sliding layer 3. In that case-as viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1-the region 9 in the side edge region is provided with white metal connected, in which case two materials, namely AlSn40Cu and white metal, The interface between them extends linearly. This embodiment variant of the present invention provides a plain bearing 1 in which the tendency of erosion of hard AlSn40Cu in region 8 due to high edge loads is reduced or avoided, and in addition, white in region 9 that is soft compared to AlSn40Cu. Since the metal has a sufficient strength after the end of the adaptation between the break-in phases in the edge region, the load to be supported is distributed over the entire running surface of the sliding bearing 1.

  It should be noted that, within the framework of the present invention, regions 8 and 9 can be formed in other ways with respect to their geometrical arrangement.

  Furthermore, a hardness gradient can be formed in the sliding phase 3 by the spraying method, in particular in the region 9 with white metal, in which case the gradient is preferably in the region of the surface, That is, it is formed so as to be soft in the region of the running surface and so that the hardness increases in the direction of the substrate, and thus in the direction of the support member 2, for example, so that the softer region 9 is likewise higher after the break-in phase. It has hardness and can therefore contribute better to load removal. This hardness gradient can be achieved, for example, by different particle velocities and / or alloy compositions.

  FIG. 4 shows an embodiment variant of the sliding bearing 1 on the upper surface of the sliding layer 3, in which both areas 9 with white metal are likewise formed in the area of the longitudinal edge of the sliding bearing 1. However, of course, it does not have a linear transition, and has an arc-shaped transition having the maximum width at least in the region of the bearing center line, as viewed in the axial direction.

  FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the sliding bearing 1 in the line of sight when the front edge of the sliding bearing 1 is viewed. Further shown is the substrate, i.e. the support member 2, on which the sliding layer 3 with AlSn40Cu in the region 8 and white metal in both lateral regions 9 is formed. In this embodiment variant, the white metal for region 9 is formed with a higher layer thickness than the layer thickness of AlSn40Cu for region 8. Thus, materials with a lower altitude are applied with a larger layer thickness. In that case, the difference in layer thickness can be between 10% and 30% of the maximum layer thickness, and thus the layer thickness in the region of white metal in region 9.

  As a reminder, in order to better understand the structure of the sliding bearing 1, it or its components are not partly dimensioned and / or enlarged and / or reduced. It is shown.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sliding bearing 2 Support member 3 Sliding layer 4 Bearing metal layer 5 Material 6 Mask 7 Coating apparatus 8 Area 9 Area 10 Spray nozzle

Claims (10)

A method for forming a multi-layer sliding bearing (1), wherein at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is applied on the substrate surface of the substrate by a spraying method,
The layer is formed of AlSn40Cu and white metal,
In the first step, AlSn40Cu is applied onto the substrate only in at least one defined area (8), in which case other areas (9) on the substrate surface that should not be coated with AlSn40Cu are masked ( 6) protected from application by at least one second step and one or more other regions (9) are coated with white metal by spraying, or in the first step AlSn40Cu is entirely coated In the next step and at least partially removed in one or more other regions (9), and in a subsequent step one or more other regions (9) are injected by injection Coated with white metal,
A method of forming a multi-layer plain bearing characterized by:   The method of claim 1, wherein white metal is first applied over the entire substrate, and then AlSn40Cu is exposed by mechanical post-treatment of the subsequent layers.   2. A mask (6) is likewise used to shield the area (8) already coated with AlSn40Cu on the substrate surface for applying white metal on the substrate. The method described in 1.   The AlSn40Cu and / or white metal is applied by a cold gas injection method, by a plasma injection method, or by a flame injection method, in particular by a high-speed flame injection method or a wire flame injection method. The method according to any one of 1 to 3.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the white metal is applied only in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. Having a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), in which case the sliding layer (3) is divided in a plane into at least one first region (8) and at least one second region (9); In the sliding bearing (1),
A plain bearing, characterized in that at least one first region (8) is made of AlSn40Cu and at least one second region (9) is made of white metal.   The plain bearing according to claim 6, wherein the white metal is selected from the group including PbSn9Cd, SAE14, LgPbSb16, LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SnSb7, 5Cu3.5, HM07, WM80, WM10.   The plain bearing according to claim 6 or 7, wherein AlSn40Cu further includes another alloy element selected from the group including Mn, Mg, Ni, and Si.   9. A plain bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that the total proportion of the other alloy elements is at most 3% by weight, in particular between 0.3% and 2% by weight.   The sliding bearing according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein a sliding paint layer is applied on the sliding layer (3).

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