CH706054A2 - A method for producing a multilayer sliding bearing, and a plain bearing comprising a supporting layer and a sliding layer. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer plain bearing and a sliding bearing (1), comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) in a plane in at least a first region (8) and at least one the second region (9) is divided and wherein the at least one first region (8) of AISn40Cu and the at least one second region (9) consist of a white metal.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer plain bearing, after which on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying process at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer, is deposited, and a sliding bearing comprising a support layer and a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer in a Level is divided into at least two areas.

Conventional running layers of plain bearings are made either by soft materials, e.g. Lead, tin, bismuth, or formed by hard materials, such as alloys of copper, silver or nickel. Soft running layers are characterized by their high embedding capacity against dirt and foreign body particles, but wear out quickly or break under very high loads. Hard layers have a high wear resistance and are highly resilient, but react aggressively to dirt particles.

To solve this contradiction, a plain bearing has been proposed in the applicant's WO 2009/059 344 A2, in which the running layer is formed at least by a first part-layer and a comparatively softer second part-layer, wherein at least the second part-layer has a varying layer thickness over a length and / or width of the tread.

EP 0 677 149 B1 describes a composite sliding bearing with opposite end edges comprising a backing layer, an intermediate layer made of a material having a certain degree of hardness, and a sliding layer made of a material which is less hard than which comprises the intermediate layer, wherein the sliding layer is provided on at least a substantial part of the intermediate layer and has an inner side. The intermediate layer has a radially inner surface defined by a pair of surfaces eccentric to the bearing, the surfaces of each pair of surfaces intersecting along a cutting line which is covered by at least a portion of the circumferential extent of the bearing and that of the bearing inclined to the opposite end edges of the bearing, wherein the surfaces fall off from the respective cutting line to reduce the thickness of the intermediate layer from the cutting line, and the radial inner surface of the sliding layer has a radius of curvature equal to the maximum distance between the axis of the bearing and every point of every cut line is. There is thus provided a sleeve bearing having higher load capacity and higher wear resistance in all phases of its life, while maintaining adequate embedment capability while reducing shaft wear.

From DE 3 816 404 A1 a ternary plain bearing is known in which the intermediate layer of a harder bearing metal is arranged only in the axial edge regions of the bearing. In the heavily loaded center of the bearing, the sliding layer is supported directly by the steel support shell. There are thus breakthroughs avoided in the middle of the warehouse.

Furthermore, so-called groove bearings have already been described in the prior art, e.g. in DE 10 2004 030 017 A1, in which the sliding alloy layer is coated with a soft material, e.g. Tin, filled grooves.

The object of the present invention is to provide a plain bearing, which has a good embedding capacity for foreign substances with good wear resistance of the overlay, and to provide a method for its production.

This object is achieved on the one hand by the method mentioned, in which the layer of AISn40Cu and a white metal is produced, wherein in a first step, the AISn40Cu is applied to the substrate only in at least one defined area, wherein further regions of the substrate surface which are not to be coated with the AISn40Cu, are protected with a mask before deposition, and in at least a second step, the or the further region (s) are coated with the white metal by spraying, or the AlSn40Cu in a first step is applied over the entire surface and in a subsequent step in the or the other (s) area (s) is at least partially removed, and that in a subsequent step, the or the other area (s) with the white metal by Spraying is coated or be, as well as by a plain bearing, in which the at least a first area of AISn40Cu and the Indest a second area made of a white metal.

The advantage here is that by using a mask or a template so as to cover the not to be coated with the AISn40Cu areas of the substrate, so for example the plain half bearing shell, now a possibility is created that both materials or all the materials that make up the overlay are in direct contact with the same substrate, which eliminates the need to consider the adhesion of the overlay materials, as the bond strength over the substrate or underlying layer of the sliding bearing is reached. It is thus possible to use hitherto unusable combinations of materials for sliding bearing layers, in particular for sliding layers, so that sliding bearings can be produced, which better meet the conflicting tasks, namely on the one hand the embedding and adaptability and on the other hand the carrying capacity or wear resistance. In addition, the efficiency for the production of these plain bearings is improved by the injection process, in particular, thus the use of different materials in the production of the respective layer of the plain bearing is made more economical. By using powdery materials to produce the regions of the sliding layer of different materials, which are applied by means of a spraying process, on the one hand the advantage is achieved that the coating of the substrate can be made more targeted due to the particle shape of these powders, so that a "bleeding" the Materials in adjacent layer areas is avoided, on the other hand, the advantage is achieved that by the injection process even in the boundary regions between the materials, a physical or mechanical connection between the materials is formed, whereby the cohesion of the sliding layer can be improved. By forming connections in the boundary regions between the regions made of the different materials, it is also possible to prevent one of the materials from being worn prematurely so far that this material would be lost in the further life cycle of the plain bearing. The combination of AISn40Cu with the white metal has the advantage of being able to provide a mechanically high loadable area through the AISn40Cu, and on the other hand softer areas are available through the white metal. The AISn40Cu "supports" the white metal, which would not be able to cope with the high loadings of the sliding bearing. It can thus be provided with a sliding bearing that, especially in the start-up phase, in which there is still a lack of lubrication or lubrication of the bearing with a lubricant, is highly resilient and still has a lubricious or lubricating bearing surface due to the white metal. It can thus be provided in particular bearings for very large diesel engines, especially 2-stroke engines, in particular main bearings with more than 500 mm diameter or crosshead bearings for 2-stroke engines.

According to an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the white metal is initially applied over the entire surface of the substrate and the AISn40Cu is then exposed by a mechanical post-processing of the layer. Thus, coating defects, which may occur, for example, when the AISn40Cu does not completely fill the first region (s), can be better compensated, with the additional advantage that the coating process is avoided by avoiding masks for the deposition of the white metal can be made simpler.

On the other hand, there is the possibility that for the deposition of the white metal on the substrate, a mask is also used to blank out with the AISn40Cu already coated areas of the substrate surface, whereby the efficiency can be improved insofar as to a subsequent, mechanical post-processing Removal of excess material can be dispensed with and also material for coating can be saved.

In the preferred embodiment of the method, at least one of the materials is applied by a cold gas spraying method or by a plasma spraying method or by a flame spraying method, in particular a high-speed flame spraying method or a wire flame spraying method, or a similar spraying method. The advantages are that the particles impinge on the substrate at very high speed, which means that despite the use of powdered materials, very high layer densities can be achieved with simultaneously low oxidation of the particles. In addition, the adhesion of the sprayed layer to the substrate can be significantly improved in comparison with other spray processes, without thereby obtaining too high a thermal stress on the substrate itself. The cold gas spraying process also achieves the advantage that the powdered materials can be applied to the substrate practically unchanged, with the exception of a possibly resulting surface layer on the powder particles, so that the layer substantially completely reproduces the properties of the material powder. To a lesser extent, this also applies to the high-speed flame spraying process.

It can be provided that the AISn40Cu has a hardness which is greater than the hardness of the white metal by at least 20%, in particular at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, in order to provide the sliding bearing with the necessary adaptability and embedding capability for the sliding bearing To impart dirt particles or particles from the abrasion and on the other hand the required hardness to improve the wear resistance.

Preferably, the white metal is applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. It can thus better avoid the risk of seizing the slide bearing due to excessive edge loads in hard bearing materials, on the other hand after completion of the adjustment of the sliding surface of the sliding bearing to the bearing surface, so if the load is distributed over the entire bearing surface, the sliding bearing the harder middle area still has a sufficiently high strength.

There is also the possibility that the materials are sprayed with a different spraying process, which better consideration can be taken on the material properties, so that subsequently the adhesive strength of the materials can be improved on the substrate surface.

It is also possible that the white metal is deposited with a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity than the AISn40Cu. It can thus be achieved that in the running-in phase of the sliding bearing by the trained topography of the surface of the area with the white metal, the oil absorption of the sliding bearing is improved, whereby the wear in the running-in phase can be significantly reduced.

According to one embodiment of the plain bearing, the white metal is selected from a group comprising lead-containing white metals such as LgPbSn9Cd (= PbSb14Sn9Cu1), SAE 14 (= PbSb15Sn10Cu1), LgPbSb16 (= PbSb16), and lead-free white metals such as LgSn85CuNi (= SnSb12.5Cu3. 5Ni1.2Cd1), LgSn82 (= SnSb12Cu5.5Cd1), LgSn89 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5), SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5 with 0.1% As), HM07 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5Cd1), WM80 (= SnSb12Cu6Pb2), WM10 (= PbSb15.5Sn10Cu1). Preference is given to using fabrics which are already available in wire form, e.g. SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5). With these materials sliding layers can be provided with very good bearing capacity at not too low hardness, for example SAE12.

To improve the properties of the AISn40Cu can be provided that the AISn40Cu still further alloying elements, which are selected from a group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si. Si achieves grain refinement and increases the hardness of the alloy. Mn also causes grain refinement, but Mn already precipitates before Si in the solidification process. As a result, crystallization nuclei form already in the early solidification state. Through Mg and Ni the fatigue strength can be improved.

Preferably, the sum of the additional alloying elements is at most 3 wt .-%, in particular between 0.3 wt .-% and 2 wt .-%. Less than 0.3% does not give rise to the desired effect to the desired extent, too high a proportion of these elements can lead to an undesirable formation of brittle phases.

It is also possible that a lubricating varnish layer is applied to the sliding layer. It can thus be improved, the running-in behavior of the plain bearing, so that phase in which essentially takes place the adaptation of the sliding bearing surface to the surface of the mounted shaft. The hard surface provided by the AISn40Cu is advantageous, as it can improve the wear resistance of the bonded coating even at high loads.

The connection between the areas of the plain bearing of the different material powders can be made by a cold-kinetic compression process, so that the materials used are not or not significantly changed by thermal stress through this connection process during the production of the sliding bearing materials.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

In each case in a schematically simplified representation: <Tb> FIG. 1 <sep> a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell in side view; <Tb> FIG. 2 <sep> an apparatus for producing a sliding bearing; <Tb> FIG. 3 <sep> a variant of a plain bearing in plan view; <Tb> FIG. 4 <sep> another embodiment of a plain bearing in plan view; <Tb> FIG. 5 <sep> cut a variant of a plain bearing in front view.

Introductoryly it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, the revelations contained in the entire description can be analogously transferred to like parts with the same reference numerals or identical component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogously to the new situation.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a sliding bearing 1 in the form of a plain bearing half shell with a support member 2 and a support shell, and a directly attached thereto sliding layer. 3

It should already be mentioned at this point that the invention is not limited to plain bearings 1 in the form of plain bearing half shells, but rather also other plain bearings 1 are included, such as. Thrust rings, bearing bushings (shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1), as well as directly coated applications, such as e.g. the direct coating of a connecting rod bearing or a connecting rod, in particular with a sliding layer 3rd

The support element 2 is usually made of steel, but may of course also consist of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as e.g. Brass, bronze, etc. By the support element 2, the sliding bearing is given the dimensional stability.

Between the sliding layer 3 and the support element 2, a bearing metal layer 4 may be arranged, as shown in Fig. 1 by dashed lines.

The bearing metal layer 4 may, in principle, consist of the usual bearing metals known from the prior art for such sliding bearings 1. Examples of bearing metal layers 3 are: Bearing metals based on aluminum, in particular: AISn6CuNi, AISn20Cu, AISi4Cd, AICd3CuNi, AlSiUCu, AISn6Cu, AISn25CuMn, AISi11CuMgNi; Bearing metals based on copper, in particular: CuSnIO, CuAl10Fe5Ni5, CuZn31Si1, CuPb24Sn2, CuSn8Bi10, CuSn5Zn; Tin-based bearing metals, in particular: SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb.

It is also possible to use bearing metals other than those mentioned based on nickel, silver, iron or chromium alloys.

Furthermore, it is possible, at least between individual layers, that is, for example, the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 4 and / or the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4 to arrange at least one intermediate layer in the form of a bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer. The bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers may consist of the materials customary for this purpose, for example by an aluminum layer, tin layer, copper layer, nickel layer, silver layer or their alloys, in particular binary alloys.

The diffusion barrier layers usually have a small layer thickness of 1 to 3 microns. Tie layers can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.

The bearing metal layer 4 may have a layer thickness selected from a range having a lower limit of 100 .mu.m, preferably 300 .mu.m, and an upper limit of 6 mm, preferably 3 mm, the support element 2 may have a layer thickness selected from a Area with a lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm, and an upper limit of 40 mm, preferably 20 mm.

According to the invention, the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of several, that is at least two, different materials, which are arranged in discrete areas on the substrate, that is, in the simplest case directly on the support member 2. If intermediate layers are present between the sliding layer 3 and the further layers of the slide bearing 1, the substrate is accordingly formed by the arrangement of the corresponding layers one above the other, that is, for example, a support element 2 with bearing metal layer 4 arranged thereon.

It should be noted at this point that in the following with respect to the invention, only the overlay layer 3 is treated. However, it is within the scope of the invention, of course, possible that other layers of the plain bearing 1, in particular the possibly existing bearing metal layer 4, according to the invention with different, discrete areas with different materials is produced, with a combination of layers is possible in each These layers or at least two of these layers each consist of several different materials. In the event that the bearing metal layer 4 is made of at least two different materials, these materials can be selected from the above-mentioned materials, wherein, if the plain bearing 1 is produced with the preferred embodiment of the method, in particular by means of cold gas spraying or HVF spraying, all combinations these materials are possible.

2 shows a highly schematically simplified coating process of the support element 2 with a first material 5. For this purpose, a mask 6 is placed on the support element 2 - in Fig. 2, the mask 6 is spaced from the surface of the support element 2 for better reasons Clarity presented - and the material 5 is deposited by means of a coating device 7 on a first region 8. This first region 8 extends in this embodiment variant of the sliding bearing 1 from a central region to the two end edge regions of the support element 2, so that in the region of the side edges - viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1 - two lateral constrictions of this first region 8 exist. For this purpose, the mask 6 or the template is correspondingly shaped, so that these two constricted further regions 9 are covered and thus are not coated with the material 5 in this first coating step.

It is also possible that the mask 6 is held at a small distance from the surface of the substrate, so the support member 2, by an external holding device, said distance may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 9 mm.

The coating device 7 comprises a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 exits. Of course, this coating means 7 of course includes various feed devices for the material 5, which are not shown in Fig. 2.

As soon as this first region 8 is coated with the material 5, the mask 6 is removed. In a subsequent coating step, the two regions 9 are coated with a further material which is different from the material 5. This coating can take place in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate, that is to say of the support element 2, is coated with this further material on the inside, that is to say on the surface to be supported. In other words, therefore, the area 8 which has been previously coated with the material 5, also coated with the other material. In this embodiment variant of the method, in a final processing step, a mechanical finishing in particular takes place, for example by fine boring, in which the excess material which has been applied to the area 8 is removed again, so that both areas 8, 9, ie the material 5 and the other material, visible on the finished slide bearing and can be brought to rest on a component to be stored.

In a variant of the method, there is the possibility that the region 8 is covered with a further mask and only the regions 9 are coated with the further material, again with a coating device 7.

It arises through these methods, a sliding layer 3 of at least two materials of different nature - it can also more than two areas 8, 9 are formed on the sliding bearing 1 for the sliding layer 3, if necessary, and it is also possible that more than two Materials of different nature are used for several areas - where the sliding layer 3 forming materials in direct contact with the substrate, so in the present case with the support member 2, are. The area 8 is coated with a hard material and the areas 9 are coated with a comparatively softer material.

There is also the possibility that in a first process step, the first material 5 is applied over the entire surface of the substrate. In this case, in a further method step, the at least one further region 9 can be produced by, for example, lateral boring in the region of the longitudinal side edges of the plain bearing 1 or by oblique boring on one side or two sides a round or rounded recess for the regions 9 in the region of the longitudinal side edges. In general, therefore, the first material can be removed by machining such as drilling or grinding in the areas 9 again.

As material 5 AISn40Cu is used. Optionally, this aluminum-based alloy may be provided with further alloying elements. These alloying elements may be selected from a group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si. It is advantageous if the sum content of these alloying elements is limited to a maximum of 3% by weight. In particular, this sum fraction can be between 0.3% by weight and 2% by weight.

It is possible that Mn is contained in a proportion between 0.05 wt .-% and 1.5 wt .-%.

Mg may be contained in a proportion of between 0.1% by weight and 1.5% by weight.

Ni may be contained in a proportion of between 0.1% by weight and 1.5% by weight.

Si may be contained in a proportion between 0.2% by weight and 2% by weight.

The further material for the regions 9 is a white metal. The white metal can be selected from a group comprising lead-containing white metals such as LgPbSn9Cd, SAE 14, LgPbSb16, as well as lead-free white metals such as LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SAE12, HM07, WM80, WM10 (for the composition of the materials see above). Preference is given to using fabrics which are already available in wire form, e.g. SAE12 (= SnSb7.5Cu3.5).

Preferred combinations of materials are for example AISn40Cu / SAE12 or AISn25CuMn / LgSn82.

In a preferred embodiment, the application of the material 5 and the at least one further material is carried out with a cold gas spraying or plasma spraying or flame spraying, in particular a high-speed flame spraying or wire flame spraying, whereby combinations of these two methods are possible, for example harder AISn40Cu for area 8 is applied by high velocity flame spraying and the white metal for areas 9 by cold gas spraying.

In principle, the method of cold gas spraying in the field of plain bearing production is already known. For example, Applicant's WO 2005/033353 A2 describes a method of making the composite using cold gas spraying. The coating of a slide bearing by means of cold gas spraying is also already known from DE 10 2004 043 914 A1.

In cold gas spraying materials are known to be accelerated to a relatively high speed, in particular powdery materials, and collide at high speed on the surface of the substrate, in this impact, the individual particles are firmly bonded together, so that a dense layer is formed ,

Similarly, in high-speed flame spraying (HVOF spraying), powdery materials are also accelerated at high speed against the substrate surface, which in turn also results in dense layers due to the impact on the substrate surface. However, higher temperatures are usually used in high-speed flame spraying than is the case with cold gas spraying. However, both methods offer the advantage that low-oxide layers arise due to the short residence time of the particles in the spray jet, so that therefore the resulting layers essentially have the composition which have the powdery constituents.

The plasma spraying itself is also already known and therefore reference is made in this regard to the relevant literature.

Due to the lower temperature, the cold gas spraying for the white metal is preferably used for coating the regions 9, since these materials preferably contain low-melting elements such as tin or bismuth. Likewise, a wire-spraying method is preferably used.

Due to the high speed with which the powdery materials are applied to the substrate surface, there is a cold-kinetic compression process, so that in the boundary regions between the areas 8 and 9, where the two different materials abut each other, through this cold-kinetic compression a compound of this Both materials, although they have a different composition, can be produced, so that therefore has the existing of the different materials sliding layer 3 in the layer despite different materials a high bond strength.

Due to the high impact speed it is also achieved that the connection with, i. Adhesion to the substrate surface is relatively high, so that a firm cohesion of the layer structure, that is, the composite material is achieved. However, if the bond strength of the sliding layer 3 on the substrate, that is the support element 2, not sufficient, it is possible that prior to coating, the surface of the substrate, so for example the support member 2, is roughened, for example by mechanical and / or chemical methods, as known from the prior art.

In Fig. 2 it is shown that an already preformed semi-finished product is coated in the form of a half-shell. It is within the scope of the invention, however, also the possibility that the coating is carried out on a flat surface and the mechanical transformation is carried out to Gleitlagerhalbschale only after the completion of the entire coating process. It is advantageous that the AISn40Cu and the white metal are cold kinetically connected to the surface of the substrate, as this virtually no or only slight changes in the (powder) applied materials are caused during the forming process, so that optionally no thermal post-treatment after Forming process is required.

The velocity of the particles during cold gas spraying depends on the material sprayed. Thus, e.g. for soft materials such as tin speeds between 150m / s and 350m / s are necessary, for copper however 400m / s to 1100m / s. Hard materials can require even higher speeds.

Inert gases, such as argon or preferably nitrogen, can be used as the carrier gas.

The amount of powder may be selected depending on the powder size and the desired layer properties such as hardness and porosity, typically it will be between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. Higher levels are chosen for more porous layers, while denser layers require smaller amounts of powder.

For HVOF spraying or HVAF spraying (HVOF uses oxygen, HVAF uses air and thus tends to be cooler), the parameters are similar, but it comes to the gas type. It may depend on the desired combustion temperature e.g. Acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C) or corresponding mixtures, such as. Forming gas, used.

The speed of the particles depends again on the material as above. In addition, the residence time of the powder in the jet (i.e., the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated) must be taken into account, since the surface of the particles is to be oxidized in a controlled manner.

On the sliding layer 3, a lubricating varnish layer can be deposited by the usual methods such as brushing, dipping or spraying. In principle, all sliding coatings known in the field of plain bearing technology can be used. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, e.g. Perfluoroalkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternating copolymers, random copolymers, e.g. Perfluoroethylene-propylene, polyester-imides, bismaleimides, polyimide-resins, e.g. Carborane imides, aromatic polyimide resins, hydrogen-free polyimide resins, polytriazo-pyromellithimides, polyamideimides, in particular aromatic, polyaryletherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, polyetherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxy resins, epoxy resin esters, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicones, polyaryl ethers, polyaryl ketones, Polyaryletherketones, polyaryletheretherketones, polyetheretherketones, polyetherketones, polyvinylidene diflourides, polyethylene sulfides, allylene sulfide, polytriazo-pyromellithimides, polyesterimides, polyarylsulfides, polyvinylsulfides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyarylsulfones, polyaryloxides, polyarylsulfides, and copolymers thereof.

Preference is given to a lubricating varnish in the dry state of 40 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% MoS2, 20 wt .-% to 25 wt .-% graphite and 30 wt .-% to 40 wt .-% polyamideimide consists of, or PTFE-filled coatings for greatly reduced coefficients of friction, where appropriate, even hard particles, such as Oxides, nitrides or carbides, in the bonded coating in a proportion of a total of 20 wt .-% may be included, which replace a proportion of solid lubricants. This bonded coating has the advantage that it is abradable in the form of relatively small particles, so that these particles in the sequence neither the surface of the sliding bearing, so the sliding layer 3, disturb, nor interfere with an oil cycle.

Preferably, a material for the region 8 is used for the production of the sliding layer 3, which has a hardness which is greater by at least 20% than the hardness of the other material for the areas of the 9th

In principle, there is also the possibility in all methods that the softer white metal, if it has been applied over the entire surface without mask 6 as described above, is not removed or is not completely removed and thus is available as a so-called inlet layer.

There is also the possibility that in particular the white metal is deposited in the areas 9 with a higher surface roughness than the AISn40Cu. For example, this can be achieved by spraying the particles at a lower speed against the substrate to be coated. In this case, the surface roughness may differ by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9, that is to say the region 9 has a surface roughness which is at least 10% higher. The maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of region 9 can be selected from a range with a lower limit of Rz 10 and an upper limit of Rz 50. Preferably, the maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 is at most Rz 35.

Furthermore, it is possible to deposit the white metal with a higher porosity compared to AISn40Cu, for example by increasing the powder throughput per unit of time or by reducing the injection speed. The porosity of the white metal can be greater by at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, than that of the AISn40Cu.

It should be noted at this point that, if in the description AISn40Cu is mentioned as a material, the corresponding statements apply to the AISn40Cu with at least one of the other alloying elements.

It should be noted that it is also possible in principle that the conditions with respect to the surface roughness and the porosity can also be reversed than in the preferred embodiment.

3 shows a variant of the plain bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3. The regions 9 in the side edge region - viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1 - provided with the white metal throughout, with the interface between the two materials, that is the AISn40Cu and the white metal, runs straight. With this embodiment of the invention, a slide bearing 1 is provided in which the tendency to eat of the hard AISn40Cu in the area 8 is reduced or avoided by high edge load and is also achieved that relative to the AISn40Cu softer white metal in the areas 9 in the edge area Completion of the adjustment during the break-in phase still has a sufficient strength, so that the load to be carried on the entire running surface of the sliding bearing 1 is distributed.

It should be mentioned at this point that it is possible within the scope of the invention, the areas 8, 9 also make anderwärtig in terms of their geometry.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that a hardness gradient is produced by means of the spraying process in the sliding layer 3, in particular in the regions 9 provided with the white metal, wherein the gradient is preferably designed such that these regions 9 in the region of the surface, that is, in the area of the running surface, are made soft and the hardness in the direction of the substrate, so for example on the support member 2, increases, so that after the break-in phase these softer areas 9 also have a higher strength and thus can contribute to improved load transfer. This hardness gradient can be achieved for example by different particle speeds and / or alloy compositions.

Fig. 4 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3, in which the two areas 9 are formed with the white metal also in the region of the longitudinal side edges of the sliding bearing 1, but have no straight course, but a curved with the greatest width at least approximately in the area of the bearing center line - viewed in the axial direction.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a sliding bearing 1 in the direction of the front edge of the sliding bearing 1. Shown again is the substrate, that is, the support member 2 on which the sliding layer 3 is deposited directly, with AISn40Cu in the area 8 and the White metal in the two lateral regions 9. In this embodiment, the white metal is deposited for regions 9 with a higher layer thickness compared to the layer thickness of AISn40Cu for region 8. Thus, that material is deposited with a higher layer thickness, which has the lower hardness. The layer thickness difference may be between 10% and 30% of the greatest layer thickness, ie the layer thickness in the region of the white metal of the regions 9.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the design of the slide bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partially unmeshold and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0078] <Tb> 1 <sep> bearings <Tb> <sep> second support member <Tb> 3 <sep> overlay <Tb> 4 <sep> bearing metal layer <Tb> 5 <sep> Material <Tb> 6 <sep> Mask <Tb> 7 <sep> coating device <Tb> 8 <sep> Area <Tb> 9 <sep> Area <Tb> 10 <sep> spray nozzle

Claims (10)

1. A method for producing a multilayer plain bearing (1), according to which at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is deposited on a substrate surface of a substrate by an injection method, characterized in that the layer is produced from AISn40Cu and a white metal, wherein in a first step, the AISn40Cu is applied to the substrate only in at least one defined area (8), wherein further areas (9) of the substrate surface, which are not to be coated with the AISn40Cu, are protected with a mask (6) prior to deposition be, and that in at least a second step or the other (s) area (s) (9) is coated with the white metal by spraying, or that the AISn40Cu is applied in a first step over the entire surface and in a subsequent step in the or the other area (s) (9) is at least partially removed, and that in a subsequent step de or the other area (s) (9) is or will be coated with the white metal by spraying. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the white metal is initially applied over the entire surface of the substrate and the AISn40Cu is then exposed by a mechanical post-processing of the layer. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the deposition of the white metal on the substrate also a mask (6) for the blanking of the already coated with the AISn40Cu region (8) of the substrate surface is used. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the AISn40Cu and / or the white metal is applied by a cold gas spraying process or by a plasma spraying process or by a flame spraying process, in particular a high-speed flame spraying process or a wire flame spraying process. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the white metal is applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. 6. plain bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) is subdivided in a plane into at least a first region (8) and at least a second region (9), characterized in that the at least one first region (8) of AISn40Cu and the at least one second region (9) consist of a white metal. Sliding bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that the white metal is selected from a group comprising PbSn9Cd, SAE 14, Lg PbSb16, LgSn85CuNi, LgSn82, LgSn89, SnSb7.5Cu3.5, HM07, WM80, WM10. 8. plain bearing according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the AISn40Cu still further alloying elements, which are selected from a group comprising Mn, Mg, Ni, Si. 9. sliding bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that the sum of the additional alloying elements is at most 3 wt .-%, in particular between 0.3 wt .-% and 2 wt .-%, is. 10. Sliding bearing according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that on the sliding layer (3) a lubricating varnish layer is applied.