JP2013121587A - Water treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for strengthening cleaning power to a membrane surface, reducing clogging of a membrane and obtaining stable filtering capacity for a long period of time in a membrane separation method using an inner pressure-type tubular membrane.SOLUTION: A water treatment method includes a step of supplying raw water and gas to the inner pressure-type tubular membrane to clean the membrane surface of the tubular membrane and to perform solid-liquid separation of the raw water and treatment water, wherein the gas ratio of the raw water and gas supplied to the tubular membrane is ≥0.4.

Description

  The present invention relates to a water treatment method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for reducing clogging of a membrane that performs solid-liquid separation between raw water and treated water in a water treatment method using membrane separation using an internal pressure tubular membrane.

  In recent years, membrane separation methods have attracted much attention in water treatment. The membrane separation method is a method in which solid-liquid separation of conventional water treatment is performed with a membrane. By performing solid-liquid separation with a membrane, the treated water becomes clear and a sedimentation basin is not required, so that the entire apparatus is compact.

  However, in the membrane separation method, there is a problem that when the operation time elapses, the clogging of the membrane proceeds and the amount of filtered water decreases. Therefore, membrane cleaning by gas-liquid two-phase flow is widely performed.

  As a method for cleaning a membrane by a gas-liquid two-phase flow, for example, in cleaning a filtration membrane of an ultrafilter for separating sludge-containing water into filtered water and concentrated sludge, the sludge-containing water to the ultrafilter There has been reported a method for cleaning an ultrafiltration membrane in which a cleaning gas is intermittently supplied into the sludge-containing water while the supply is continued (see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-1-155906

  However, in the method of Patent Document 1, the detergency due to the gas is not sufficiently exerted, and there is a case where a detergency effect corresponding to the input power cannot be obtained. For this reason, substances such as sludge adhere to the membrane surface, resulting in clogging and a reduction in filtration capacity. Therefore, the present invention has an object to provide a method for obtaining a stable filtration ability for a long time, in a membrane separation method using an internal pressure tubular membrane, by enhancing the cleaning power on the membrane surface, reducing clogging of the membrane. And

  That is, the present invention is a water treatment method comprising a step of supplying raw water and gas to an internal pressure tubular membrane, washing the membrane surface of the tubular membrane and simultaneously separating the raw water and treated water from solid and liquid, Provided is a water treatment method in which the ratio of raw water and gas supplied to the membrane is 0.4 or more.

  According to the membrane separation method of the present invention, a shear force is more efficiently applied to the membrane surface of the internal pressure type tubular membrane, and the cleaning force on the membrane surface is strengthened. Time-stable filtration capacity can be obtained.

  The gas ratio is preferably 0.4 to 0.8. When the gas ratio is within this range, the effect of reducing clogging of the film is high.

  The present invention provides a method for enhancing the detergency on the membrane surface, reducing clogging of the membrane, and obtaining stable filtration ability for a long time in the membrane separation method using an internal pressure type tubular membrane.

It is the schematic of a tubular membrane test apparatus. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a gas ratio and a limit flux. (A)-(f) is a figure which shows the relationship between a gas ratio and the shape of a bubble.

  The water treatment method according to the embodiment includes a step of supplying raw water and gas to an internal pressure tubular membrane, washing the membrane surface of the tubular membrane, and simultaneously separating the raw water and treated water from solid and liquid, and is supplied to the tubular membrane. The raw water and gas ratio is 0.4 or more. The raw water is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include river water, raw water for drinking, and drainage.

  In the present specification, a water treatment method including a step of solid-liquid separation of raw water and treated water with a membrane is referred to as a membrane separation method. The “internal pressure type tubular membrane” means a tubular membrane used in a membrane separation method in which raw water is supplied to the inside of the tubular membrane and treated water is recovered from the outside of the tubular membrane. The “gas ratio” means the volume of gas based on the total volume of raw water and gas supplied per unit time to the internal pressure type tubular membrane. For example, when the flow rate of raw water supplied to the tubular membrane is 120 ml / min and the flow rate of gas supplied to the tubular membrane is 80 ml / min, the gas ratio is 80 / (120 + 80) = 0.4.

(film)
Membranes targeted by the water treatment method of this embodiment may be those used in ordinary membrane separation methods, such as polyolefin resins such as chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride resins, polytetrafluoroethylene resins, and polypropylene. , Porous membranes formed from polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, ceramics, and the like.

  As the form of the membrane, there are a flat membrane, a hollow fiber membrane, a tubular membrane (tubular membrane) and the like. A flat film is a film formed into a planar shape or a sheet shape. The hollow fiber membrane is a filamentous membrane whose inside is a cavity having an inner diameter of about 3 mm or less. The tubular membrane is a tubular membrane whose inside is a cavity having an inner diameter of 3 to 5 mm or more. In this embodiment, a tubular membrane is targeted. Flat membranes and hollow fiber membranes are often used by immersing them in the raw water tank, and tubular membranes are often used outside the raw water tank.

  The membrane separation method includes an outside tank type and an immersion type. The outside tank type membrane separation method is a system in which a membrane for separating raw water and treated water is installed outside the raw water tank, and the raw water and treated water are separated. On the other hand, the submerged membrane separation method is a method of separating raw water and treated water by immersing a membrane in a raw water tank. Since the water treatment method according to the embodiment is intended for a tubular membrane, it is mainly applied to an outside tank type membrane separation method.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Can be changed.

  Using a tubular membrane testing device, the relationship between the gas ratio and the limit flux (limit permeate flow rate) was examined.

(Tubular membrane testing device)
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tubular membrane test apparatus 100. What mixed raw water and compressed air so that it might become a predetermined gas ratio was introduced from the lower part of tubular membrane 40, and was evaluated. More specifically, the raw water in the water tank 10 was supplied through the line L10 using the capacity pump 20. In addition, a constant air volume was secured by supplying compressed air to the mass flow controller 30 through the line L20. The air supplied from the mass flow controller 30 and the raw water supplied through the line L10 were mixed and introduced into the lower part of the tubular membrane 40 in the membrane separation tank 50 through the line L30. The filtered water was collected through line L50. Moreover, the pressure gauge 60 for compound pressure was installed between the tubular membrane 40 and the capacity | capacitance pump 70, and the static pressure was measured. In order to make the raw water concentration and the amount of water in the aquarium 10 constant, the filtered water was all returned to the aquarium 10 through the line L60. The raw water was returned to the water tank 10 through the line L40. When measuring the flow rate, the line was switched to L70 and the flow rate was measured using a graduated cylinder.

(Limit flux measurement)
Using the above tubular membrane test apparatus, the relationship between the gas ratio and the critical flux was examined. The critical flux was measured while changing the gas ratio at the raw water flow rate of 120 and 300 ml / min. For example, when the flow rate of raw water is 120 ml / min, the flow rate of air with a gas ratio of 0.4 is 80 ml / min. Similarly, when the flow rate of raw water is 300 ml / min, the flow rate of air with a gas ratio of 0.4 is 200 ml / min.

  The critical flux was measured as follows. Using the tubular membrane test apparatus, the flux was increased stepwise by increasing the rotational speed of the capacity pump at 15 minute intervals at each raw water flow rate and each gas ratio. At the same time, the transmembrane pressure difference was measured, and the value of the flux when the transmembrane pressure pressure began to rise was taken as the limit flux. Here, a low critical flux means that the film is easily clogged.

  FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the gas ratio and the critical flux. From this result, it became clear that a high critical flux value can be obtained in the region where the gas ratio is 0.4 to 0.8. In particular, it was revealed that the critical flux can be kept high regardless of the flow rate of the raw water when the gas ratio is in the range of 0.4 to 0.6. That is, when the gas ratio is in the range of 0.4 to 0.8, clogging of the membrane can be reduced, and a stable filtration ability can be obtained for a long time.

(Observation of bubble shape)
What mixed water and air so that a gas ratio might be set to 0.1-0.9 was introduce | transduced into the pipe | tube with an internal diameter of 10 mm, and the shape of the bubble was observed. The value of the inner diameter is in a range generally used for an internal pressure type tubular membrane.

  FIGS. 3A to 3F are diagrams showing the shape of bubbles at each gas ratio when a tube having an inner diameter of 10 mm is used. The numerical value described in the figure indicates the gas ratio.

  As a result, when the gas ratio was about 0.1 to 0.2, bubbles having a shape with the same length in the vertical and horizontal directions were generated. When the gas ratio is about 0.4 to 0.8, vertically elongated bubbles are generated.

  According to the measurement result of the limit flux described above, there was still room to increase the limit flux value in the region where the gas ratio was about 0.1 to 0.2 (FIG. 2). On the other hand, in the region where the gas ratio was 0.4 to 0.8, a high critical flux value was obtained (FIG. 2). The above results are presumed to be due to the generation of a strong shear force on the film surface in the region where the gas ratio is 0.4 to 0.8. More specifically, in the region where the gas ratio is 0.4 to 0.8, bubbles having a vertically long shape are generated, so that the bubbles in contact with the entire surface of the tubular membrane move in the tube. As a result, since the raw water moves in a slight gap between the bubble and the membrane surface of the tubular membrane in a direction opposite to the bubble (downward) at a high flow rate, a strong shear force is generated on the membrane surface. Guessed. Thereby, the detergency with respect to the membrane surface can be enhanced, the clogging of the membrane can be reduced, and a stable filtration ability for a long time can be obtained.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Water tank 20, 70 ... Capacity pump, 30 ... Mass flow controller, 40 ... Tubular membrane, 50 ... Membrane separation tank, 60 ... Pressure gauge, L10, L20, L30, L40, L50, L60, L70 ... Line, 100 ... Tubular membrane testing device.

Claims (2)

A water treatment method comprising a step of supplying raw water and gas to an internal pressure tubular membrane, and washing the membrane surface of the tubular membrane and simultaneously separating the raw water and treated water into solid and liquid,
The water treatment method, wherein a ratio of the raw water and the gas supplied to the tubular membrane is 0.4 or more.   The water treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the gas ratio is 0.4 to 0.8.

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