JP2013117339A - Dish type solar light concentrator and solar thermal power generator using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dish type solar light concentrator capable of greatly reducing an installation cost and a maintenance cost, etc., and also capable of achieving high light concentration efficiency to thereby control a total cost, and to provide a solar thermal power generator using the same.SOLUTION: A dish type solar light concentrator includes a dish type reflector having a paraboloidal shape, and a transparent cover 20 arranged at a release surface side of the reflector. Also, the dish type solar light concentrator includes a dish type reflector stand constituting a parabolic curved surface, and a metal plate attached on a release surface side of the reflector stand.

Description

  The present invention relates to a dish-type solar concentrator for efficiently concentrating sunlight using a parabolic mirror and efficiently heating a solar power generator installed at the focal position of the parabolic mirror, and The present invention relates to a solar thermal power generation apparatus using the same.

  In recent years, in order to suppress an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide released into the air accompanying an increase in global energy consumption, there is an increasing expectation for a power generation device that uses solar energy without the release of carbon dioxide.

  Conventionally, many systems have been proposed not only in Japan but also around the world to collect solar light using a reflector and heat the heat medium to convert the heat into electrical energy. Demonstration devices, experimental devices, etc. have been established all over the world, and some have been commercialized.

  Methods for obtaining electrical energy using sunlight include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, inorganic compounds such as InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) and GaAs (gallium arsenide), organic dyes and conductive polymers. A solar power generation system that irradiates solar cells (solar panels) made of organic compounds, etc., and converts solar energy directly into electrical energy, and efficiently collects sunlight, for example, water, dissolved salt There is a solar power generation system in which a heat medium such as oil is heated to a high temperature, steam is generated by the heat energy, and a steam turbine is rotated to obtain electric energy.

  The solar power generation method requires high-performance solar cells (solar panels) that can efficiently convert sunlight into electrical energy. Compared with other power generation methods such as hydroelectric power generation and thermal power generation, the amount of power generation per installation area The power generation cost is also high. For this reason, various public subsidies are required to introduce the solar power generation method.

  In addition, various studies have been conducted on the solar thermal power generation method as well, and as a light condensing method, sunlight is applied to a condensing unit provided at a height of several tens of meters above the ground using a flat or curved mirror. A trough that heats the heat medium that flows through a tube called a receiver at the condensing position of the reflector using a so-called tower-type, trough-type reflector having a parabolic cross section that collects and heats the heat medium. There is a so-called dish method (also called a Stirling method) that heats a solar power generator such as a Stirling engine, for example, installed at the focal position of the parabolic mirror using a parabolic mirror.

  In the dish type solar thermal power generation apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. 6, the reflection is performed by bending a high light-transmitting glass plate having a thickness of several millimeters into a predetermined parabolic surface and forming a solar reflective film on the back surface of the glass plate. The mirror 110 is attached to a large gantry 130 and used.

  At the focal position of the reflecting mirror 110, for example, a solar power generator 120 that generates power using a Stirling engine or the like is installed. A solar power generator 120 using a Stirling engine is composed of a high-temperature part 122 and a low-temperature part 124, and the high-temperature part 122 is heated by sunlight collected by the reflecting mirror 110 to rotate the flywheel of the Stirling engine. And can generate electricity.

However, it is expensive to process the reflecting mirror 110 into a parabolic surface, which leads to an increase in installation cost.
In order to increase the light collection efficiency, it is preferable to increase the size of the light collecting device. However, since the light collecting device always collects sunlight at the optimum position, it is necessary to always track the sun and maintain the optimum position. is there. For this reason, the larger the size of the light collecting device, the more difficult it becomes to control the entire device, and the deterioration of light collecting efficiency and the difficulty of maintenance due to deformation of the light collecting device will increase.

  However, in order to reduce the weight of the glass reflecting mirror that occupies most of the light collecting device, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the glass plate. Thus, if the thickness of the glass plate is reduced, the glass reflector is likely to be damaged during manufacture, movement, installation, and operation, and the operation cost is increased. .

  For this reason, there have been attempts to use metal mirrors instead of glass reflectors, but since metal mirrors use surface reflection, they are cleaned and cleaned when the surface of the metal mirror becomes dirty. When trying to do so, the surface reflectivity may be deteriorated and cannot be used for a long time.

  Furthermore, in the conventional dish-type condensing device, dust or the like adheres to the reflecting mirror surface during operation, or moisture containing dust adheres due to condensation, rain, snow, etc. Since the reflection efficiency was gradually deteriorated, regular cleaning was required, resulting in an increase in operation cost.

  DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In view of the present situation, the present invention is a dish-type solar concentrating device capable of significantly reducing installation costs and maintenance costs, achieving high condensing efficiency, and suppressing the total cost, and the same An object of the present invention is to provide a solar thermal power generation apparatus using the above.

The present invention was invented in order to achieve the above-described problems and objects in the prior art, and the dish-type solar concentrator of the present invention is a dish-type reflector having a parabolic shape. When,
A transparent cover provided on the release surface side of the reflecting mirror;
It is characterized by providing.

  Thus, by providing the transparent cover on the release surface side of the reflecting mirror, it is possible to prevent dust and the like from adhering to the reflecting mirror surface, eliminating the need for periodic cleaning, and reducing operating costs. it can.

Further, in the dish type solar light collecting apparatus of the present invention, the reflecting mirror is
A dish-shaped reflector table that forms a parabolic surface;
A metal plate affixed to the release surface side of the reflector table;
It is characterized by providing.

  By comprising in this way, while being able to reduce cost significantly compared with the reflective mirror using the conventional glass plate, sufficient condensing efficiency as a sunlight condensing device can be obtained.

  Moreover, since the glass plate is not used, the possibility of breakage of the reflecting mirror is reduced, and the weight of the reflecting mirror itself is reduced, so that the operation cost of the solar light collecting device can be reduced. it can.

Further, in the dish type solar light collecting apparatus of the present invention, the reflecting mirror is
A dish-shaped reflector table that forms a parabolic surface;
A plurality of metal thin plates attached to the release surface side of the reflector table;
It is characterized by providing.

In this case, it is preferable to provide a predetermined gap between the plurality of thin metal plates.
By using a plurality of thin metal plates in this way, it is not necessary to use a parabolic mirror whose processing cost is excessive, so that the installation cost can be reduced.

Further, the dish type solar light collecting device of the present invention is a transparent cover winding installed on one side of the reflecting mirror,
And a transparent cover winding device installed on the other side of the reflecting mirror.

In this case, it is preferable that the transparent cover winding is installed on the upper side of the reflecting mirror, and the transparent cover winding device is installed on the lower side of the reflecting mirror.
Thus, by preparing a transparent cover as a transparent cover winding, even if the transparent cover located on the release surface side of the reflecting mirror is dirty or damaged, the transparent cover winding device can be used to remove the transparent cover. By winding up a predetermined amount, the release surface side of the reflecting mirror can be covered with a transparent cover in a clean state.

  For this reason, even when the transparent cover becomes dirty, it is not necessary to wash the transparent cover, and the transparent cover can be always covered with the transparent cover in a clean state by simply winding the transparent cover by a predetermined amount. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the light collection efficiency from being lowered and to reduce the operation cost.

  Also, when used in high latitude areas such as Japan, the transparent cover winding should be installed on the upper side of the reflecting mirror, and the transparent cover winding device should be installed on the lower side of the reflecting mirror to make it difficult for the transparent cover to bend. Can do.

  Moreover, the dish type sunlight condensing apparatus of this invention can also make the open | release surface side of the said reflective mirror square shape. Thus, by making the release surface side of the reflecting mirror a quadrangular shape, when the transparent cover is placed on the release surface side of the reflecting mirror, the transparent cover can be covered without bending.

Moreover, the dish type solar light collecting device of the present invention is characterized in that the reflecting mirror is housed in a protective box.
In this case, it is preferable to provide a lid that covers a gap generated between the protective box and the reflecting mirror.

  In this way, by placing the entire reflector in a protective box, it is possible to prevent the reflector itself from being affected even in bad weather such as strong winds, and to prevent the reflector from being damaged. can do. Furthermore, since the mechanical strength of the reflector table can be reduced, the manufacturing cost of the entire solar light collecting device can be greatly reduced.

  In addition, by covering the gap generated between the protective box and the reflecting mirror with the lid, insects can be prevented from entering, and the cleaning operation of the gap between the protective box and the reflecting mirror can be eliminated. .

Moreover, the dish type solar light collecting apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that windshields having a substantially triangular cross section are provided in the front, rear, left and right sides of the reflecting mirror.
Thus, by providing a windshield on the reflecting mirror, it is possible to prevent the reflecting mirror from being lifted or deformed by the wind received from the side.

Moreover, the solar thermal power generation device of the present invention, the dish type solar light collecting device described above,
A solar power generator gantry provided in the diameter direction of the reflecting mirror;
A solar power generator gantry support member for pulling and fixing the solar power generator gantry from an orthogonal direction; and
The solar power generator gantry and the solar power generator gantry support member include a solar power generator installed at a focal position of the reflecting mirror.

  By installing the solar power generator at the condensing position of the reflecting mirror (focal point of the reflecting mirror) in this way, the reflecting mirror enters the shadow of the solar power generator, installation equipment, etc., and the amount of sunlight irradiation decreases. Can be minimized, and the decrease in light collection efficiency can be suppressed.

  Moreover, since the solar condensing device as described above is used, installation costs, maintenance costs, and the like can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, since the reduction of the light collection efficiency due to the dirt of the reflecting mirror is prevented, the reduction of the power generation efficiency of the solar power generator can be prevented, and the power generation cost can be reduced.

  According to the dish type solar light collecting device according to the present invention, the manufacturing cost of the device can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional light collecting device. In addition, the overall weight of the concentrator can be significantly reduced compared to conventional concentrators that use glass reflectors, and the burden on the system for automatically tracking the sun and maintaining the optimum position. Can also be greatly reduced.

  In addition, the provision of a translucent cover on the release surface of the reflector prevents dust from adhering to the surface of the reflector and suppresses the deterioration of the reflection efficiency. And maintenance costs can be reduced.

  In addition, because the entire reflector is configured to fit in a protective box, the reflector itself can be prevented from being affected even in bad weather such as strong winds, and the reflector can be damaged. Can be prevented.

  Moreover, since it is possible to improve the light collection efficiency by using such a dish type solar light collecting device of the present invention as the solar thermal power generation device, the power generation efficiency is high and the power generation cost can be reduced. .

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the structure of a reflecting mirror of the dish type solar light collecting apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the structure of another embodiment of the reflecting mirror. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the structure of a dish type solar light collecting apparatus using the reflecting mirror of FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar thermal power generation apparatus using the dish type solar light collecting apparatus of FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a state in which a windshield is further provided in the solar thermal power generation apparatus of FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solar thermal power generation apparatus using a conventional dish type solar concentrator.

Hereinafter, embodiments (examples) of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the structure of a reflecting mirror of a dish type solar light collecting apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the structure of another embodiment of the reflecting mirror. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the structure of a dish type solar light concentrator using the reflecting mirror of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a solar thermal power generation device using the dish type solar light concentrator of FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining a state in which a windshield is further provided in the solar thermal power generation apparatus of FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a solar thermal power generation apparatus 11 using a dish type solar light collecting apparatus 10 according to the present invention includes a reflecting mirror 12 for collecting sunlight at a predetermined light collecting position, and a reflecting mirror. The angle of the reflecting mirror 12 is optimized so that the sunlight is incident on the reflecting mirror 12 of the concentrating device 10 and the solar power generator 16 composed of, for example, a Stirling engine. The solar tracking mechanism 18 for maintaining the position, the transparent cover 20 covering the release surface side 12a of the reflecting mirror 12 is wound, the transparent cover winding 22 installed on one side of the reflecting mirror 12, and the reflecting mirror 12 And a transparent cover take-up device 24 installed on the other side.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the reflecting mirror 12 includes a dish-type reflecting mirror base 26 that forms a parabolic curved surface, and a thin metal plate 28 is attached to the release surface side of the reflecting mirror base 26. The material of the reflector table 26 is not particularly limited as long as a predetermined strength is ensured, and may be made of wood or metal.

  In addition, it is preferable that the metal plate 28 affixed to the reflecting mirror base 26 is processed into a paraboloid shape by, for example, pressing, and attached to the reflecting mirror base 26 with an attaching jig such as a screw.

  Moreover, as shown to Fig.2 (a), you may comprise by affixing the some metal thin plate 29 instead of the metal plate 28 on the whole release surface side of the reflective mirror base 26. FIG. When a plurality of thin metal plates 29 are attached, it is preferable to provide a predetermined gap between the thin metal plates 29. Thus, by providing a gap between the thin metal plates 29, even when the thin metal plates 29 expand at high temperatures, the thin metal plates 29 can be prevented from contacting and deforming.

  In addition, when affixing the metal thin film 29 to the reflector 26, the metal thin film 29 can be affixed in a state close to a parabolic shape by increasing the number of mounting jigs in the circumferential direction of the reflector 26. it can.

  In addition, it is preferable to provide a predetermined interval between an attachment jig such as a screw for attaching the metal plate 28 or the metal thin plate 29 to the reflector table 26 and the metal plate 28 and the metal thin plate 29. That is, by setting the size of the mounting holes provided in the metal plate 28 and the metal thin plate 29 to be larger than the diameter of the mounting jig such as a screw, the mounting jig and the metal plate 28 and the metal thin plate 29 Even when the metal plate 28 and the metal thin plate 29 expand at a high temperature, a deformation of the metal plate 28 and the metal thin plate 29 due to contact between the mounting jig and the metal plate 28 and the metal thin plate 29 is provided. Can be prevented.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.2 (b), the release surface side of the reflective mirror 12 can also be made into square shape. Thus, by making the release surface side a quadrangular shape, the transparent cover can be covered without bending when the transparent cover is placed on the release surface side of the reflecting mirror 12 as described later.

  Further, the material of the metal plate 28 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that can efficiently reflect sunlight. For example, a metal such as silver, aluminum, or rhodium, an alloy containing these metals, or the like. Can be used. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, it is preferable to use aluminum.

In addition, the surface 28a (sunlight reflecting surface) of the metal plate 28 is preferably subjected to a surface treatment such as a polishing treatment such as chemical polishing or electrolytic polishing or a vacuum deposition so as to exhibit high reflection performance.
Further, the solar power generator 16 that generates power using sunlight (solar heat) collected by the reflecting mirror 12 is not particularly limited. For example, Stirling having a low temperature portion 16a and a high temperature portion 16b. An engine can be used.

  By heating the high temperature portion 16b with solar heat, the flywheel of the Stirling engine can be rotated to generate electric power. The low temperature part 16a may be prevented from being heated by not being irradiated with sunlight. For example, the low temperature part 16a may be provided with a cooling device such as an air cooling device or a water cooling device. The temperature may be lowered.

  The solar power generator 16 includes a solar power generator base 32 provided in the diameter direction of the reflecting mirror 12, and a solar power generator base support member 34 for pulling and fixing the solar power generator base 32 from a direction orthogonal thereto. Is installed at the focal position of the reflecting mirror 12.

  Further, by providing the solar power generator mount 32 so as to be aligned with the polar axis, it is necessary to greatly move the position of the solar power generator 16 even when the angle of the reflecting mirror 12 is changed by the solar tracking mechanism 18 described later. The load on the sun tracking mechanism 18 is reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when using the solar thermal power generation apparatus 11 using the dish type solar light collecting apparatus 10 of the present invention, the transparent cover 20 is pulled out from the transparent cover winding 22 to release the reflecting mirror 12. The end of the transparent cover 20 is attached to the transparent cover take-up device 24 in a state of covering the surface side 12a.

  The transparent cover winding 22 can be smoothly wound up by installing the transparent cover winding 22 on the upper side of the reflecting mirror 12 and the transparent cover winding device 24 on the lower side of the reflecting mirror 12.

  In the present embodiment, the transparent cover 20 can be pulled out from the transparent cover winding 22 as described above, so that when the transparent cover 20 is dirty or damaged, the transparent cover 20 is placed by the transparent cover winding device 24. By winding the fixed amount, the release surface side 12a of the reflecting mirror 12 can be covered with the transparent cover 20 in a clean state.

Note that the transparent cover 20 and the transparent cover take-up device 24 may not be provided, and the transparent cover 20 may be attached to and covered with the release surface side 12a of the reflecting mirror 12.
The transparent cover 20 is not particularly limited as long as it has translucency. For example, an ionomer (IO) film, a polyethylene (PE) film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, and polyvinyl chloride. (PVC) film, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, polypropylene film (PP) film, polycarbonate (PC) film, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer A combined (EVOH) film, an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA) film, or the like can be used.

  Further, the reflecting mirror 12 can be housed in the protective box 30. Thus, by storing the entire reflecting mirror 12 in the protective box 30, it is possible to prevent the reflecting mirror itself from being affected even in bad weather such as strong winds, and the reflecting mirror may be damaged. Can be prevented. Furthermore, since the mechanical strength of the reflector table 26 can be reduced, the manufacturing cost of the entire solar light collecting device 10 can be greatly reduced.

  In addition, it is preferable to cover the gap generated between the protection box 30 and the reflecting mirror 12 by providing the lid 31. If the gap between the protective box 30 and the reflecting mirror 12 is left as it is, for example, insects may enter, so that a cleaning operation of the gap between the protective box 30 and the reflecting mirror 12 occurs, and maintenance costs are reduced. It will increase.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, windshields 36 having a substantially triangular cross section can be provided on the front, rear, left and right sides of the reflecting mirror 12. The windshield 36 is preferably provided so that the apex 36a is located between the bottom and top of the curved surface of the reflecting mirror 12. By configuring in this way, it is possible to prevent the reflecting mirror 12 from being lifted or deformed by the wind received from the side.

  Further, as the sun tracking mechanism 18, for example, the sun's trajectory is analyzed by a program, and the position of the sun is grasped by a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the light collecting device 10 according to the program, or a photographing device such as a CCD camera. Accordingly, an existing solar tracking mechanism such as a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the light collecting device 10 can be used.

  As mentioned above, although the preferable Example of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, In the said Example, although only the case where the solar condensing device 10 was used for the solar thermal power generation apparatus 11 was demonstrated. For example, various modifications can be made without departing from the object of the present invention, such as hot water supply facilities, heating / cooling facilities, and pool heating.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dish type solar condensing device 11 Solar power generation device 12 Reflector 12a Release surface side 14 Base 16 Solar power generator 16a Low temperature portion 16b High temperature portion 18 Solar tracking mechanism 20 Transparent cover 22 Transparent cover winding 24 Transparent cover winding device 26 Dish type reflector 26a Release surface side 28 Metal plate 28a Surface 29 Metal thin plate 30 Protective box 31 Lid 32 Solar power generator mount 34 Solar power generator mount support member 36 Windshield 36a Vertex 100 Solar thermal power generator 110 Reflector 120 Solar thermal power generator 122 High temperature Part 124 Low temperature part

Claims (11)

A dish type solar concentrator for concentrating sunlight,
A dish-shaped reflector having a parabolic shape; and
A transparent cover provided on the release surface side of the reflecting mirror;
A dish-type solar condensing device comprising: The reflector is
A dish-shaped reflector table that forms a parabolic surface;
A metal plate affixed to the release surface side of the reflector table;
The dish-type solar light collecting device according to claim 1, comprising: The reflector is
A dish-shaped reflector table that forms a parabolic surface;
A plurality of metal thin plates attached to the release surface side of the reflector table;
The dish-type solar light collecting device according to claim 1, comprising:   The dish type solar condensing device according to claim 3, wherein a predetermined gap is provided between the plurality of thin metal plates. A transparent cover winding installed on one side of the reflecting mirror;
The dish type solar condensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a transparent cover winding device installed on the other side of the reflecting mirror. The transparent cover winding is installed on the upper side of the reflecting mirror,
The dish-type solar light collecting device according to claim 5, wherein the transparent cover winding device is installed on a lower side of the reflecting mirror.   The dish-type solar concentrator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a release surface side of the reflecting mirror has a quadrangular shape.   The dish type solar condensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reflecting mirror is housed in a protective box.   The dish-type solar light collecting apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a lid that covers a gap generated between the protective box and the reflecting mirror.   The dish type solar concentrator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a windshield having a substantially triangular cross section is provided in each of front, rear, left and right sides of the reflecting mirror. The dish-type solar light collecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A solar power generator gantry provided in the diameter direction of the reflecting mirror;
A solar power generator gantry support member for pulling and fixing the solar power generator gantry from an orthogonal direction; and
A solar thermal power generation apparatus comprising a solar thermal power generator installed at a focal position of the reflecting mirror by the solar power generator rack and the solar power generator rack supporting member.

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