JP2013104075A - Free-cutting stainless steel having diplophase inclusion - Google Patents
Free-cutting stainless steel having diplophase inclusion Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013104075A JP2013104075A JP2011247402A JP2011247402A JP2013104075A JP 2013104075 A JP2013104075 A JP 2013104075A JP 2011247402 A JP2011247402 A JP 2011247402A JP 2011247402 A JP2011247402 A JP 2011247402A JP 2013104075 A JP2013104075 A JP 2013104075A
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、精密機器部品、産業用機械構造部品などの部材として使用できる、優れた耐食性および被削性を有する快削ステンレス鋼に関する。 The present invention relates to a free-cutting stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance and machinability that can be used as a member such as precision equipment parts and industrial machine structural parts.
耐食性、耐久性および切削加工を必要とする機器などには、生産性向上のためにＰｂ、Ｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅなどを含有した快削ステンレス鋼が使用されている。ところで、Ｐｂは耐食性を殆んど低下させずに被削性を向上させる有用な元素である。その反面、環境保護に対する関心が地球規模で高まっている近年では、Ｐｂは環境を害する元素であるとして、添加が敬遠される。一方、Ｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅは鋼中で非金属介在物を形成して被削性を向上させるが、その介在物は、マトリクスよりも腐食環境に弱いため、材料の耐食性を劣化させてしまう。また、軟質であるため、外力の影響を受けて変形や脱落を起こしやすく、材料の良好な表面性状を保つことが難しい。 Free cutting stainless steel containing Pb, S, Se, Te, or the like is used for improving productivity, for devices that require corrosion resistance, durability, and cutting. Pb is a useful element that improves machinability without substantially reducing the corrosion resistance. On the other hand, in recent years when interest in environmental protection is increasing on a global scale, addition of Pb is avoided because it is an element that harms the environment. On the other hand, S, Se, and Te improve the machinability by forming non-metallic inclusions in the steel, but the inclusions are weaker than the matrix in a corrosive environment, so that the corrosion resistance of the material is deteriorated. In addition, since it is soft, it is easily deformed or dropped due to the influence of external force, and it is difficult to maintain good surface properties of the material.
環境負荷を考慮して、非Ｐｂ鋼であると共に、硫化物系介在物組成を制御し、耐食性および被削性を改善した発明が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。しかしながら、この発明は、材料の表面性状を保つための介在物形態の制御については言及していない。 In consideration of the environmental load, an invention has been proposed in which non-Pb steel is used, the composition of sulfide inclusions is controlled, and corrosion resistance and machinability are improved (for example, see Patent Document 1). However, this invention does not mention the control of the inclusion form for maintaining the surface properties of the material.
精密機器の部品や、産業用機械の構造部品などの部材は、使用環境における十分な耐食性を有することが必須である。その上に、これらの部材は精密加工や量産加工に対応できる被削性も要求される。このような鉄鋼材料において、耐食性を損なうことなく被削性を向上させる元素としては、Ｐｂが良く知られている。しかしながら、環境負荷への低減を考慮するとき、Ｐｂの使用は避ける必要がある。さらに、上記の部品などの部材は、それぞれ搭載される機器に向けて綿密な設計がされることが多い。したがって、これらの部材では、それらの材料の表面状態の安定性も重要な要件である。 It is essential that members such as precision instrument parts and industrial machine structural parts have sufficient corrosion resistance in the usage environment. In addition, these members are also required to have machinability that can be used for precision machining and mass production. In such steel materials, Pb is well known as an element that improves machinability without impairing corrosion resistance. However, the use of Pb should be avoided when considering a reduction to environmental load. Furthermore, members such as the above-mentioned parts are often designed carefully for each device to be mounted. Therefore, in these members, the stability of the surface state of these materials is also an important requirement.
そこで、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、非Ｐｂで環境負荷が小さく、かつ、十分な耐食性と被削性を有し、さらに外力などによる変形や脱落のしにくい材料である快削ステンレス鋼を提案することである。 Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is a free-cutting stainless steel that is non-Pb, has a small environmental load, has sufficient corrosion resistance and machinability, and is not easily deformed or dropped by an external force. Is to propose.
上記の課題を解決するための本発明の手段は、環境負荷の低減のために、非Ｐｂ鋼であるが、Ｐｂ鋼並みあるいはそれ以上の被削性を有する鋼であることを特徴とする複相介在物を有する快削ステンレス鋼である。 The means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a non-Pb steel for reducing the environmental load, but is a steel having machinability equivalent to or higher than that of Pb steel. Free-cutting stainless steel with phase inclusions.
すなわち、本発明の第１の手段は、質量％で、Ｃ：０．０１〜１．５０％、Ｓｉ：０．０５〜２．００％、Ａｌ：０．００１〜０．０５０％、Ｏ：０．００２〜０．０４０％を含有し、さらに、Ｃｒ：１０．００〜２０．００％、Ｍｎ：０．０５〜３．００％、Ｓ:０．０５〜１．００％、Ｎ：０．００５〜０．０５０％の基本成分に加えて、さらに、Ｎｉ：０．０１〜２０．００、Ｍｏ：０．０１〜３．００％、Ｃｕ：０．０１〜２．００％のいずれか１種または２種以上を含有し、残部Ｆｅおよび不可避不純物からなる鋼である。そして、この鋼は硫化物を含有しており、この硫化物を含有する鋼は、式ＡをＡ＝Ｍｎ／Ｓとするとき、Ａ≦３．０を満足し、さらに硫化物中のＣｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｓの濃度をそれぞれ［Ｃｒ］、［Ｍｎ］、［Ｓ］で表し、式ＢをＢ＝（［Ｃｒ］−［Ｍｎ］）／［Ｓ］とするとき、Ｂ≧０．１を満足し、かつ、これらの硫化物から複相介在物を形成している、快削ステンレス鋼である。 That is, the first means of the present invention is mass%, C: 0.01 to 1.50%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, Al: 0.001 to 0.050%, O: 0.002 to 0.040%, Cr: 10.00 to 20.00%, Mn: 0.05 to 3.00%, S: 0.05 to 1.00%, N: 0 In addition to 0.005 to 0.050% of basic components, Ni: 0.01 to 20.00, Mo: 0.01 to 3.00%, Cu: 0.01 to 2.00% It is a steel that contains one or more types, and is composed of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. And this steel contains sulfide, and steel containing this sulfide satisfies A ≦ 3.0 when formula A is A = Mn / S, and further Cr in sulfide, The concentrations of Mn and S are represented by [Cr], [Mn], and [S], respectively, and when formula B is B = ([Cr] − [Mn]) / [S], B ≧ 0.1 is satisfied. In addition, it is a free-cutting stainless steel that forms double-phase inclusions from these sulfides.
第２の手段は、第１の手段に記載した鋼の化学成分に、さらに、Ｓｅ：０．２０％以下、Ｔｅ：０．３０％以下、Ｂｉ：０．２０％以下のいずれか１種または２種以上を含有する快削ステンレス鋼である。 The second means includes any one of Se: 0.20% or less, Te: 0.30% or less, Bi: 0.20% or less, in addition to the chemical components of the steel described in the first means. It is a free-cutting stainless steel containing two or more types.
第３の手段は、第１の手段または第２の手段に記載した鋼の化学成分に、さらに質量％で、Ｔｉ：０．００１〜１．００％、Ｚｒ：０．００１〜１．００％、Ｖ：０．００１〜１．００％、Ｗ：０．００１〜１．００％、Ｎｂ：０．００１〜１．００％のいずれか１種または２種以上を含有する快削ステンレス鋼である。 The third means includes, in addition to the chemical components of the steel described in the first means or the second means, in mass%, Ti: 0.001 to 1.00%, Zr: 0.001 to 1.00%. V: 0.001 to 1.00%, W: 0.001 to 1.00%, Nb: 0.001 to 1.00% free cutting stainless steel containing one or more of them is there.
第４の手段は、第１の手段〜第３の手段のいずれかの一つの手段に記載した鋼の化学成分に、さらに質量％で、Ｂ：０．０２％以下、Ｃａ：０．０５％以下、Ｍｇ：０．０５％以下、ＲＥＭ：０．０５％以下のいずれか１種または２種以上を含有する快削ステンレス鋼である。 According to a fourth means, the chemical composition of the steel described in any one of the first means to the third means is further added in terms of mass%, B: 0.02% or less, Ca: 0.05% Hereinafter, it is a free-cutting stainless steel containing one or more of Mg: 0.05% or less and REM: 0.05% or less.
上記の手段とすることで、本願のステンレス鋼は精密機器部品、産業用機械構造部品などの部材の用途に使用するとき、この材料は硫化物中に高Ｃｒ相と低Ｃｒ相が共存する複相硫化物となっており、高Ｃｒ相が硬質であるため、この材料は外力による変形や複相硫化物の脱落や無く、したがって材料を加工した際の表面性状が良好で安定しており、さらに高温湿潤化での錆の発生も無く、孔食電位も十分に高く、耐食性に優れ、かつ快削性の極めて優れた材料となっている。 By using the above means, when the stainless steel of the present application is used for parts such as precision equipment parts and industrial machine structural parts, this material is a compound in which high Cr phase and low Cr phase coexist in sulfide. Since this is a phase sulfide and the high Cr phase is hard, this material is free from deformation due to external forces or dropping off of the multiphase sulfide, and therefore the surface properties when processing the material are good and stable. Furthermore, there is no generation of rust due to high temperature wetting, the pitting corrosion potential is sufficiently high, the material has excellent corrosion resistance, and extremely excellent free-cutting properties.
本発明の合金のＦｅ以外の各成分の含有量の限定理由並びに式Ａの値および式Ｂの値の限定理由について、以下に説明する。なお、％は質量％である。 The reasons for limiting the content of each component other than Fe in the alloy of the present invention and the reasons for limiting the values of Formula A and Formula B will be described below. In addition,% is the mass%.
Ｃ：０．０１〜１．５０％
Ｃは、材料の強度に寄与する元素であり、そのためには０．０１％以上必要である。しかし、Ｃが１．５０％を超えると炭化物形成により耐食性を悪下し、さらに硬度上昇により被削性を悪化する。そこで、Ｃは０．０１〜１．５０％とする。
C: 0.01 to 1.50%
C is an element contributing to the strength of the material, and for that purpose, 0.01% or more is necessary. However, if C exceeds 1.50%, the corrosion resistance deteriorates due to carbide formation, and the machinability deteriorates due to the increase in hardness. Therefore, C is set to 0.01 to 1.50%.
Ｓｉ：０．０５〜２．００％
Ｓｉは、製鋼時の脱酸剤として有用な元素であり、また材料強度に企図する元素であり、そのためには、０．０５％以上必要である。しかし、Ｓｉが２．００％を超えると硬度上昇により被削性を悪化する。そこで、Ｓｉは０．０５〜２．００％とする。
Si: 0.05-2.00%
Si is an element useful as a deoxidizer during steelmaking, and is an element intended for material strength. For this purpose, 0.05% or more is necessary. However, if Si exceeds 2.00%, the machinability deteriorates due to an increase in hardness. Therefore, Si is set to 0.05 to 2.00%.
Ａｌ：０．００１〜０．０５０％
Ａｌは、製鋼時の強力な脱酸剤として有用な元素であり、そのためには０．００１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ａｌが０．０５０％を超えると、硬質な酸化物の形成により、加工性および被削性を悪化する。そこで、Ａｌは０．００１〜０．０５０％とする。
Al: 0.001 to 0.050%
Al is an element useful as a powerful deoxidizer during steelmaking, and for that purpose, 0.001% or more is necessary. However, if Al exceeds 0.050%, the workability and machinability deteriorate due to the formation of a hard oxide. Therefore, Al is made 0.001 to 0.050%.
Ｏ：０．００２〜０．０４０％
Ｏは製鋼時に脱酸元素の過剰添加等の原因で過少になると、硫化物が熱間で延伸しやすくなり被削性改善に不適当な形状になる。また、多すぎると被削性改善効果が飽和し、酸化物量が増加し、靱性が低下する。従って、Ｏは０．００２〜０．０４０％とする。
O: 0.002 to 0.040%
If O becomes too small due to excessive addition of a deoxidizing element during steelmaking, the sulfide tends to be stretched hot, resulting in an unsuitable shape for improving machinability. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the machinability improving effect is saturated, the amount of oxide increases, and the toughness decreases. Therefore, O is 0.002 to 0.040%.
Ｃｒ：１０．００〜２０．００％
Ｃｒは、耐食性の向上に必須の元素であり、また、固溶強化元素として材料強度の向上に寄与する元素である。そのためには、Ｃｒは１０．００％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｃｒが２０．００％を超えると、材料の基地および硫化物が硬化することで材料の被削性が悪化する。そこで、Ｃｒは１０．００〜２０．００％とする。
Cr: 10.00-20.00%
Cr is an element essential for improving corrosion resistance, and is an element contributing to improvement of material strength as a solid solution strengthening element. For that purpose, Cr needs to be 10.00% or more. However, if Cr exceeds 20.00%, the machinability of the material deteriorates due to hardening of the base of the material and sulfide. Therefore, Cr is 10.00 to 20.00%.
Ｍｎ：０．０５〜３．００％
Ｍｎは、Ｓと結合して硫化物を形成して被削性を改善する元素であり、そのためには、Ｍｎは０．０５％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｍｎが３．００％を超えて含有されると耐食性が悪化する。そこで、Ｍｎは０．０５〜３．００％とする。
Mn: 0.05 to 3.00%
Mn is an element that combines with S to form a sulfide to improve machinability, and for that purpose, Mn needs to be 0.05% or more. However, if Mn exceeds 3.00%, corrosion resistance deteriorates. Therefore, Mn is set to 0.05 to 3.00%.
Ｓ:０．０５〜１．００％
Ｓは、Ｍｎと結合して硫化物を形成して被削性を改善する元素であり、そのためには、Ｓは０．０５％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｓが１．００％を超えて含有されると、被削性の改善効果は飽和し、さらに低融点の硫化物を生成して熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｓは０．０５〜１．００％とする。
S: 0.05-1.00%
S is an element that combines with Mn to form a sulfide to improve the machinability, and for that purpose, S needs to be 0.05% or more. However, if S is contained in an amount exceeding 1.00%, the machinability improving effect is saturated, and a sulfide having a low melting point is generated to deteriorate the hot workability. Therefore, S is set to 0.05 to 1.00%.
Ｎ：０．００５〜０．０５０％
Ｎは、耐食性の向上および強度の向上に役立つ元素である。しかし、Ｎが０．００５％未満ではその効果が乏しくなる上、精錬が難しく、生産性が低下し製造コストの上昇を招く。一方、Ｎが０．０５０％を超えて含有されると鋼中に欠陥が形成され、熱間加工性が悪化する。そこで、Ｎは０．００５〜０．０５０％とする。
N: 0.005 to 0.050%
N is an element useful for improving corrosion resistance and strength. However, if N is less than 0.005%, the effect becomes poor, and refining is difficult, resulting in a decrease in productivity and an increase in manufacturing cost. On the other hand, if N is contained in excess of 0.050%, defects are formed in the steel and hot workability is deteriorated. Therefore, N is set to 0.005 to 0.050%.
Ｎｉ：０．０１〜２０．００％
Ｎｉは、材料の延性および靱性に寄与する元素であり、また、非酸化性の酸に対する耐食性を向上させる元素である。そのためには、Ｎｉは０．０１％が必要である。しかし、Ｎｉは２０．００％を超えるとコスト高となる。そこでＮｉは０．０１〜２０．００％とする。
Ni: 0.01-20.00%
Ni is an element that contributes to the ductility and toughness of the material, and is an element that improves the corrosion resistance against non-oxidizing acids. For that purpose, Ni needs to be 0.01%. However, if Ni exceeds 20.00%, the cost becomes high. Therefore, Ni is set to 0.01 to 20.00%.
Ｍｏ：０．０１〜３．００％
Ｍｏは、耐食性を向上させる元素であり、そのためには０．０１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｍｏは３．００％を超えるとコスト高となり、かつ脆化相の析出を促進する。そこでＭｏは０．０１〜３．００％とする。
Mo: 0.01 to 3.00%
Mo is an element that improves the corrosion resistance, and for that purpose, 0.01% or more is necessary. However, if Mo exceeds 3.00%, the cost increases and the precipitation of the embrittled phase is promoted. Therefore, Mo is set to 0.01 to 3.00%.
Ｃｕ：０．０１〜２．００％
Ｃｕは、耐食性および冷間加工性の改善に役立つ元素であり、そのためには０．０１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｃｕは２．００％を超えると熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｃｕは０．０１〜２．００％とする。
Cu: 0.01 to 2.00%
Cu is an element useful for improving corrosion resistance and cold workability, and for that purpose, 0.01% or more is necessary. However, when Cu exceeds 2.00%, the hot workability deteriorates. Therefore, Cu is made 0.01 to 2.00%.
Ｓｅ：０．２０％以下
Ｓｅは、被削性の改善効果を有する元素であるが、Ｓｅが０．２０％を超えて含有されても、被削性の改善効果は飽和し、熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｓｅは０．２０％以下とする。
Se: 0.20% or less Se is an element having an effect of improving machinability, but even if Se is contained in an amount exceeding 0.20%, the effect of improving machinability is saturated and hot working is performed. Worsens sex. Therefore, Se is set to 0.20% or less.
Ｔｅ：０．３０％以下
Ｔｅは、被削性の改善効果を有する元素であるが、Ｔｅが０．３０％を超えて含有されても、被削性の改善効果は飽和し、熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｔｅは０．３０％以下とする。
Te: 0.30% or less Te is an element having an effect of improving machinability, but even if Te is contained exceeding 0.30%, the effect of improving machinability is saturated and hot working is performed. Worsens sex. Therefore, Te is set to 0.30% or less.
Ｂｉ：０．２０％以下
Ｂｉは、被削性の改善効果を有する元素であるが、ＢｉはＰｂと同様に環境負荷を増大する元素であり、かつ、Ｂｉが０．２０％を超えて含有されても、被削性の改善効果は飽和し、熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｂｉは０．２０％以下とする。
Bi: 0.20% or less Bi is an element having an effect of improving machinability, but Bi is an element that increases the environmental load similarly to Pb, and Bi is contained in excess of 0.20%. However, the machinability improving effect is saturated and the hot workability is deteriorated. Therefore, Bi is set to 0.20% or less.
Ｔｉ：０．００１〜１．００％
Ｔｉは、Ｃ固定による耐食性の改善効果および熱間加工性の改善効果を有する元素で、そのためには０．００１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｔｉは１．００％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性が悪化し、材料を脆化する。そこで、Ｔｉは０．００１〜１．００％とする。
Ti: 0.001 to 1.00%
Ti is an element having an effect of improving the corrosion resistance and the effect of improving the hot workability by C fixation, and for that purpose, 0.001% or more is necessary. However, when Ti is added excessively exceeding 1.00%, hot workability deteriorates and the material becomes brittle. Therefore, Ti is made 0.001 to 1.00%.
Ｚｒ：０．００１〜１．００％
Ｚｒは、Ｃ固定による耐食性の改善効果および熱間加工性の改善効果を有する元素で、そのためには０．００１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｚｒは１．００％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性が悪化し、材料を脆化する。そこで、Ｚｒは０．００１〜１．００％とする。
Zr: 0.001 to 1.00%
Zr is an element having an effect of improving the corrosion resistance and the effect of improving the hot workability by C fixation, and 0.001% or more is necessary for that purpose. However, if Zr exceeds 1.00% and is added excessively, the hot workability deteriorates and the material becomes brittle. Therefore, Zr is set to 0.001 to 1.00%.
Ｖ：０．００１〜１．００％
Ｖは、Ｃ固定による耐食性の改善効果および熱間加工性の改善効果を有する元素で、そのためには０．００１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｖは１．００％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性が悪化し、材料を脆化する。そこで、Ｖは０．００１〜１．００％とする。
V: 0.001 to 1.00%
V is an element having an effect of improving the corrosion resistance by fixing C and an effect of improving the hot workability, and for that purpose, 0.001% or more is necessary. However, if V exceeds 1.00% and is added excessively, the hot workability deteriorates and the material becomes brittle. Therefore, V is set to 0.001 to 1.00%.
Ｗ：０．００１〜１．００％
Ｗは、Ｃ固定による耐食性の改善効果および熱間加工性の改善効果を有する元素で、そのためには０．００１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｗは１．００％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性が悪化し、材料を脆化する。そこで、Ｗは０．００１〜１．００％とする。
W: 0.001 to 1.00%
W is an element having an effect of improving corrosion resistance and an effect of improving hot workability by C fixation, and for that purpose, 0.001% or more is necessary. However, when W exceeds 1.00% and is added excessively, hot workability deteriorates and the material becomes brittle. Therefore, W is set to 0.001 to 1.00%.
Ｎｂ：０．００１〜１．００％
Ｎｂは、Ｃ固定による耐食性の改善効果および熱間加工性の改善効果を有する元素で、そのためには０．００１％以上が必要である。しかし、Ｎｂは１．００％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性が悪化し、材料を脆化する。そこで、Ｎｂは０．００１〜１．００％とする。
Nb: 0.001 to 1.00%
Nb is an element having an effect of improving corrosion resistance and an effect of improving hot workability by C fixation, and 0.001% or more is necessary for that purpose. However, if Nb exceeds 1.00% and is added excessively, the hot workability deteriorates and the material becomes brittle. Therefore, Nb is made 0.001 to 1.00%.
Ｂ：０．０２％以下
Ｂは、熱間加工性の改善効果を有する元素であるが、Ｂが０．０２％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｂは０．０２％以下とする。
B: 0.02% or less B is an element having an effect of improving hot workability, but when B is added in excess of 0.02%, hot workability is deteriorated. Therefore, B is set to 0.02% or less.
Ｃａ：０．０５％以下
Ｃａは、熱間加工性の改善効果および脱酸効果を有する元素であるが、Ｃａが０．０５％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｃａは０．０５％以下とする。
Ca: 0.05% or less Ca is an element having an effect of improving hot workability and a deoxidation effect, but when Ca is added in excess of 0.05%, hot workability is deteriorated. . Therefore, Ca is set to 0.05% or less.
Ｍｇ：０．０５％以下
Ｍｇは、熱間加工性の改善効果および脱酸効果を有する元素であるが、Ｍｇが０．０５％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、Ｍｇは０．０５％以下とする。
Mg: 0.05% or less Mg is an element having an effect of improving hot workability and deoxidation effect, but when Mg is added excessively exceeding 0.05%, hot workability is deteriorated. . Therefore, Mg is made 0.05% or less.
ＲＥＭ：０．０５％以下
ＲＥＭは、熱間加工性の改善効果および脱酸効果を有する元素であるが、ＲＥＭが０．０５％を超えて過剰に添加されると熱間加工性を悪化する。そこで、ＲＥＭは０．０５％以下とする。
REM: 0.05% or less REM is an element having an effect of improving hot workability and deoxidation effect, but when REM is added excessively exceeding 0.05%, hot workability is deteriorated. . Therefore, REM is set to 0.05% or less.
Ａ＝Ｍｎ／Ｓとするとき、Ａ≦３．０
ＭｎとＳはステンレス鋼中に硫化物を形成し、その被削性を改善させる。しかし、硫化物中のＭｎ濃度が高まると、硫化物中のＣｒ濃度が低下し、それを含有するステンレス鋼の耐食性を悪化させる。この耐食性の悪化を回避するには、鋼中のＭｎとＳ濃度比を制限し、硫化物のＭｎ濃度の上昇を抑制してＣｒリッチな組成にする必要がある。Ａの値が３．０を超えると、耐食性が悪化する。そこで、Ａ＝Ｍｎ／Ｓとするとき、Ａ≦３．０を満足するものとする。
When A = Mn / S, A ≦ 3.0
Mn and S form sulfides in stainless steel and improve their machinability. However, when the Mn concentration in the sulfide increases, the Cr concentration in the sulfide decreases, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel containing it decreases. In order to avoid this deterioration of the corrosion resistance, it is necessary to limit the Mn and S concentration ratio in the steel and suppress the increase in the Mn concentration of the sulfide to make the composition rich in Cr. When the value of A exceeds 3.0, the corrosion resistance deteriorates. Therefore, when A = Mn / S, A ≦ 3.0 is satisfied.
Ｂ＝（［Ｃｒ］−［Ｍｎ］）／［Ｓ］とするとき、Ｂ≧０．１
精密機器の部品や、産業用機械の構造部品などの部材は、精密加工や量産加工に対応できる被削性が要求されると同時に、それぞれ搭載される機器に向けて綿密な設計がされることが多いため、材料の表面状態の安定性も重要な要件である。表面状態の安定性を確保するには、被削性を付与する硫化物が加工中に脱落することを防ぐ必要がある。このためには、硫化物自体の硬さを高め、外力による硫化物の変形や脱落を抑制することが有効である。発明者らは硫化物組成を制御することで、硫化物中に硬質な高Ｃｒ相を形成させ、硫化物の硬さを高める方策を見出した。鋼材内に存在する硫化物中のＣｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｓの濃度をそれぞれ［Ｃｒ］、［Ｍｎ］、［Ｓ］とするとき、Ｂ＝（［Ｃｒ］−［Ｍｎ］）／［Ｓ］で表される。ところで、このＢの値が０．１を超えると、硫化物中に硬質な高Ｃｒ相を形成し、外力による硫化物の変形や脱落を抑制するが、Ｂの値が０．１を下回ると、硫化物中に高Ｃｒ相が形成されず、外力による硫化物の変形や脱落を抑制することができなくなる。そこで、Ｂ＝（［Ｃｒ］−［Ｍｎ］）／［Ｓ］とするとき、Ｂ≧０．１とする。
When B = ([Cr] − [Mn]) / [S], B ≧ 0.1
Parts such as precision machine parts and industrial machine structural parts are required to have machinability that can be applied to precision machining and mass production, and at the same time, they must be carefully designed for each machine. Therefore, the stability of the surface state of the material is also an important requirement. In order to ensure the stability of the surface state, it is necessary to prevent the sulfide imparting machinability from falling off during processing. For this purpose, it is effective to increase the hardness of the sulfide itself and suppress the deformation and dropout of the sulfide due to external force. The inventors have found a measure to increase the hardness of the sulfide by controlling the sulfide composition to form a hard high Cr phase in the sulfide. When the concentrations of Cr, Mn, and S in the sulfide existing in the steel material are [Cr], [Mn], and [S], respectively, B = ([Cr] − [Mn]) / [S]. Is done. By the way, when the value of B exceeds 0.1, a hard high Cr phase is formed in the sulfide, and the deformation and falling off of the sulfide due to external force are suppressed, but when the value of B is less than 0.1, In addition, a high Cr phase is not formed in the sulfide, and it becomes impossible to suppress the deformation and dropping of the sulfide due to external force. Therefore, when B = ([Cr] − [Mn]) / [S], B ≧ 0.1.
上記したように、Ａ＝Ｍｎ／Ｓとするとき、Ａ≦３．０とし、および、Ｂ＝（［Ｃｒ］−［Ｍｎ］）／［Ｓ］とするとき、Ｂ≧０．１Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｓの組成、および式Ａ＝Ｍｎ／Ｓおよび被削性を改善する介在物である硫化物中の組成をＣｒリッチとして耐食性を良好とし、さらにＢの範囲に制御し、硫化物中にＣｒ濃度が質量％で４０を超える高Ｃｒ相と、Ｃｒ濃度が質量％で４０以下である低Ｃｒ相が共存する複相硫化物に形成し、特に硬質である高Ｃｒ相が外力による硫化物の変形や脱落を起こり難くし、かつ、加工性である材料の表面性状を良好に保つものとする。 As described above, when A = Mn / S, A ≦ 3.0, and when B = ([Cr] − [Mn]) / [S], B ≧ 0.1Cr, Mn, The composition of S and the formula A = Mn / S and the composition in the sulfide, which is an inclusion improving machinability, are Cr-rich so that the corrosion resistance is good, and further controlled to the range of B, the Cr concentration in the sulfide Is formed into a double-phase sulfide in which a high Cr phase exceeding 40% by mass and a low Cr phase having a Cr concentration of 40% or less coexist, and the hard high Cr phase is deformed by an external force. It is assumed that the surface property of the material that is easy to process and the workability is kept good.
次いで、本発明を実施するための形態について、表および図面を参照して以下に説明する。本発明の快削ステンレス鋼の表１にＦｅ以外の成分を示す成分組成からなる溶鋼を１００ｋｇＶＩＭ（真空誘導溶解炉）で溶製し、これをインゴットに鋳造し、このインゴットからなる鋼材を径が２５ｍｍの棒鋼に鍛伸し、それぞれ鋼種に応じた熱処理をした。 Next, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to tables and drawings. In Table 1 of the free-cutting stainless steel of the present invention, molten steel having a component composition showing components other than Fe is melted in a 100 kg VIM (vacuum induction melting furnace), cast into an ingot, and the steel material made of this ingot has a diameter of It was forged into a 25 mm steel bar and heat-treated according to the steel type.
上記の鋼種に応じた熱処理とは、表１の発明例のＮｏ．１〜５、Ｎｏ．９、Ｎｏ．１１、および、比較例のＮｏ．１〜９のマルテンサイト系の鋼種では、被削性試験の各試験片の作製のために、８７０℃で焼鈍することであり、また、介在物観察、組成分析、耐食性評価、表面性状の安定性評価の各試料の作製のために、８７０℃で焼鈍し、９５０〜９８０℃で焼入れし、７２０〜８００℃で焼戻することである。 The heat treatment according to the above steel types is the No. of the invention example in Table 1. 1-5, no. 9, no. 11 and Comparative Example No. In the martensitic steel types 1 to 9, annealing is performed at 870 ° C. in order to produce each test piece of the machinability test. In addition, inclusion observation, composition analysis, corrosion resistance evaluation, and surface property stability In order to produce each sample for property evaluation, annealing at 870 ° C., quenching at 950 to 980 ° C., and tempering at 720 to 800 ° C.
さらに熱処理とは、表１の発明例のＮｏ．６〜８、Ｎｏ．１０のフェライト系の鋼種では、各種試験や評価の各試料の作製のために、７５０〜８５０℃で焼鈍することである。 Further, heat treatment refers to No. of the invention example in Table 1. 6-8, no. In 10 ferritic steel types, annealing is performed at 750 to 850 ° C. in order to prepare samples for various tests and evaluations.
また、さらに熱処理とは、表１の発明例のＮｏ．１２〜１５のオーステナイト系の鋼種では、各種試験や評価の各試料の作製のために、１０００〜１１５０℃で固溶化処理することである。 Further, heat treatment refers to No. of the invention example in Table 1. In the case of 12-15 austenitic steel types, a solution treatment is performed at 1000 to 1150 ° C. in order to prepare samples for various tests and evaluations.
表１に示す硫化物中の組成は、エネルギー分散Ｘ線解析（ＥＤＸＤ）により各試料のＬ断面に観測された介在物を観察、分析して得た値である。 The composition in the sulfide shown in Table 1 is a value obtained by observing and analyzing inclusions observed in the L cross section of each sample by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXD).
表１に示す発明例のＮｏ．１〜１５と比較例のＮｏ．１〜９についてのそれぞれの被削性、耐食性および表面安定性の評価結果を下記の表２に示す。 No. of the invention example shown in Table 1. 1-15 and No. of the comparative example. Table 2 below shows the evaluation results of machinability, corrosion resistance, and surface stability for 1 to 9.
この表２における被削性評価は、表１の各発明例おとび比較例の組成及び硫化物を含有する鋼をそれぞれ上記した熱処理などにより作製した各試料を、ドリルにより深さ１０ｍｍに穿孔するに要する穿孔時間を測定し、その所要時間が、９．５秒以下のものを○、９．６秒以上１０秒以下を△、１０．１秒以上を×として評価した。 The machinability evaluation in Table 2 is performed by drilling each sample prepared by heat treatment as described above for each invention example and comparative example of Table 1 and steel containing sulfide to a depth of 10 mm using a drill. The time required for drilling was measured, and the time required was evaluated as ◯ for 9.5 seconds or less, Δ for 9.6 to 10 seconds, and x for 10.1 seconds or more.
表２における耐食性試験の評価は、同じく、表１の各発明例おとび比較例の組成および硫化物を含有する鋼をそれぞれ上記した熱処理などにより作製した各試料から、径φ１２ｍｍで長さ２１ｍｍの腐食試験用試料を作製し、この試料を用いて、以下の（１）高温湿潤試験、（２）孔食電位測定および（３）加工性である表面性状安定性評価の３種の腐食試験を実施した。なお、表２の比較例のＮｏ．５は表１の比較例のＮｏ．５に示すようにＰｂを意図的に含有する鉛含有鋼である。 Similarly, the evaluation of the corrosion resistance test in Table 2 is that each of the inventive examples in Table 1 and the composition of the comparative example and the steel containing sulfides were each prepared by heat treatment as described above, and each of the samples having a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 21 mm. A sample for corrosion test was prepared, and using this sample, the following three types of corrosion tests were conducted: (1) high temperature wetness test, (2) pitting potential measurement, and (3) surface property stability evaluation as workability. Carried out. In Table 2, the comparative example No. No. 5 of the comparative example of Table 1. 5 is a lead-containing steel intentionally containing Pb.
（１）高温湿潤試験は、湿度が９０％の雰囲気下にて、２０℃と５０℃の間を２０回繰り返して温度変化させて、試料の発銹状況を調査し、発銹なしのものを○、発銹ありのものを×として評価した。 (1) In the high temperature wet test, in a 90% humidity atmosphere, the temperature was repeatedly changed between 20 ° C and 50 ° C 20 times, and the state of the sample was examined to determine whether or not the sample was ignited. ○, those with spout were evaluated as x.
（２）孔食電位測定は、試験溶液には液温度が３０℃、濃度が３．５％ＮａＣｌの溶液を用い、電位掃引速度を２０ｍＶ／ｍｉｎにして孔食電位を測定し、孔食電位が−０．０５０以上のものを○、−０．０５１以下から−０．１００以上のものを△、−０．１０１以下のものを×として評価した。
この場合の穿孔試験条件は、ドリル材質がＳＫＨ５１からなり、ドリル径が５ｍｍを用い、切削油は使用せず、推力を４１４Ｎで、回転数を１１９０ｒｐｍとした。
(2) For pitting potential measurement, a solution having a liquid temperature of 30 ° C. and a concentration of 3.5% NaCl was used as a test solution, and the pitting potential was measured at a potential sweep rate of 20 mV / min. Of -0.050 or more was evaluated as O, -0.051 or less to -0.100 or more as Δ, and -0.101 or less as x.
The drilling test conditions in this case were such that the drill material was SKH51, the drill diameter was 5 mm, no cutting oil was used, the thrust was 414 N, and the rotation speed was 1190 rpm.
（３）加工性である表面性状の安定性評価は、ＥＰＭＡ（電子プローブＸ線マイクロアナライザー）を用いて行った。すると硫化物中に高Ｃｒ相すなわち図１の硫化物中の白色部および低Ｃｒ相すなわち図１の硫化物中の黒色部が存在することを確認した。そこで各試料から横方向の断面６２５ｍｍ2を被検面とした試料を作製して、被検面を９８Ｎで圧下しながら♯１５０のペーパーで１０分間の湿式研磨を実施した後、光学顕微鏡で４００倍にて被検面を観察し、その１００視野のうち介在物の脱落が確認された視野数をカウントして示した。この視野数が、３０視野以下を○、３１から５０視野を△、５１視野以上を×として評価した。 (3) Evaluation of the stability of the surface property, which is workability, was performed using EPMA (Electron Probe X-ray Microanalyzer). Then, it was confirmed that a high Cr phase, that is, a white portion in the sulfide of FIG. 1 and a low Cr phase, that is, a black portion in the sulfide of FIG. Accordingly, a sample having a cross section of 625 mm 2 in the lateral direction as a test surface was prepared from each sample, wet-polished with # 150 paper for 10 minutes while reducing the test surface with 98 N, and then subjected to 400 using an optical microscope. The surface to be examined was observed at a magnification of 2, and the number of fields in which inclusions were confirmed to drop out of 100 fields was counted and shown. The number of fields of view was evaluated as 0 for 30 fields or less, Δ for 31 to 50 fields, and x for 51 fields or more.
図２は、横軸に式Ａ＝Ｍｎ／Ｓの値をとり、縦軸に式Ｂ＝（［Ｃｒ］−［Ｍｎ］）／［Ｓ］の値をとり、本発明の範囲を横軸の式Ａの値の３以下および縦軸の式Ｂの値の０．１以上として、表２における発明例のＮｏ．１〜１５の鋼を白抜きの菱形で示し、さらに、表２における比較例のＮｏ．１〜４およびＮｏ．８〜９の鋼を黒の菱形で示して、加工性である表面性状の良し悪しの関係および耐食性の良し悪しの関係を示している。なお、比較例のＮｏ．５〜７は、硫化物中の［Ｍｎ］、［Ｃｒ］および［Ｓ］の値は確認できなかった。 FIG. 2 shows the value of the formula A = Mn / S on the horizontal axis and the value of the formula B = ([Cr] − [Mn]) / [S] on the vertical axis. No. of the invention example in Table 2 as 3 or less of the value of Formula A and 0.1 or more of the value of Formula B on the vertical axis. Steels 1 to 15 are indicated by white diamonds, and No. 1-4 and No.1. Steels 8 to 9 are indicated by black rhombuses, which indicate the relationship between the surface properties as workability and the relationship between corrosion resistance. The comparative example No. For 5 to 7, the values of [Mn], [Cr] and [S] in the sulfide could not be confirmed.
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| JP2015137381A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-30 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Stainless steel having excellent machinability, hardness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance |
| CN105349903A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-24 | 安徽省三方新材料科技有限公司 | High-chromium and high-carbon-steel abrasion-resisting bucket tooth holder |
| JP2018053271A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-04-05 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Martensitic free cutting stainless steel excellent in rolling contact fatigue life characteristics |
| JP2018131670A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-08-23 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Ferritic free-cutting stainless wire |
| CN111041360A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-21 | 宁国市铸丰钢球铸造有限公司 | Wear-resistant hammer head and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111850407A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-10-30 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 850 MPa-grade titanium-containing free-cutting stainless steel forged bar and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113528963A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-22 | 浙江青山钢铁有限公司 | Free-cutting high-corrosion-resistance austenitic stainless steel wire rod and preparation method thereof |
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