JP2013091338A - Tabular bone structure and building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a construction cost of a tabular bone structure by greatly shortening a construction time of the tabular bone structure, while securing enough a buckling strength of the tabular bone structure (tank top plate structure).SOLUTION: A plurality of rectangular areas 17 that have long side part 17a and short side part 17b by a plurality of transformers 11 and a plurality of longitudinals 15 are partitioned and formed in a grid-like fashion. At the place where a plurality of rectangular areas 17 are divided into the long-side direction LD, in each rectangular area row 17G that comprises a plurality of rectangular areas 17 that line up in the short-side direction SD of the rectangular area 17, carlings 19 are located alternately along the short-side direction SD.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plate structure used for a building such as a tank or a ship.

  A liquefied gas tank (an example of a tank) that stores liquefied natural gas (LNG) includes a box-shaped tank body that is open on the upper side and a tank top plate structure that is provided on the upper side of the tank body. The tank top plate structure is one of the plate bone structures, and the general configuration of the tank top plate structure is as follows.

  A tank top plate is joined to the upper side of the tank body as a base plate, and this tank top plate extends in the tank length direction as the first arrangement direction. In addition, a plurality of transformers (ribs or large aggregates) that reinforce the tank top plate are joined to the back surface of the tank top plate at intervals in the tank length direction, and each transformer is orthogonal to the first arrangement direction. It extends in the tank width direction as the second arrangement direction. Furthermore, a plurality of longes (stiffeners or small aggregates) that reinforce the tank top plate are joined to the back surface of the tank top plate at intervals in the tank width direction, and each longe is orthogonal to the plurality of transformers. It extends in the tank length direction. A plurality of rectangular regions having a long side portion and a short side portion are partitioned and formed in a lattice shape by a plurality of transformers and a plurality of longes.

  In addition, there exist some which are shown to patent document 1-patent document 5 as a prior art relevant to this invention.

JP 2000-16374 A JP 2003-214595 A JP-A-8-58676 JP 7-237578 A JP-A-6-336185

  By the way, the temperature of the liquefied natural gas is extremely low (for example, a temperature of −150 ° C. or lower), and the tank main plate that is in contact with the liquefied natural gas and the tank top plate structure that is not in contact with the liquefied natural gas. A large temperature difference is generated in the tank, and a large buckling stress (compressive stress) is generated in the tank top plate structure due to the temperature difference. Therefore, the buckling strength of the tank top plate structure is provided by reinforcing the rectangular area and using the number of curlings corresponding to the number of rectangular areas, and arranging the curling in each rectangular area so as to be divided in the long side direction of the rectangular area. It is necessary to secure enough. On the other hand, when the number of curlings used in the tank top plate structure increases, there is a problem that the working time of the tank top plate structure becomes longer and the construction cost of the tank top plate structure increases. That is, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the construction cost of the tank top plate structure by shortening the work time of the tank top plate structure while sufficiently securing the buckling strength of the tank top plate structure.

  The above-described problem occurs not only in the tank top plate structure but also in the plate bone structure in which a large buckling stress is generated.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a plate bone structure having a novel configuration that can solve the above-described problems.

  The inventor of the present application has repeated trial and error in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has found new knowledge, and has completed the present invention based on this new knowledge. Before explaining the features of the present invention, the process until finding new knowledge will be described.

  Four plate bone structures in which a plurality of rectangular regions having a long side portion and a short side portion are partitioned and formed by a transformer and a long side (a plate bone structure according to Comparative Example 1, a plate bone structure according to Invention Example 1, The buckling load and boundary conditions are set so that uniform compressive stress works only in the short side direction of each rectangular region. Then, the finite element method was used to analyze the buckling stress (buckling stress distribution) of the four plate structures.

  Here, in the plate structure according to the comparative example 1, as shown in FIG. 7A, the curling is arranged in each rectangular area so as to be equally divided into two in the long side direction of the rectangular area. . In the plate bone structure according to Invention Example 1, as shown in FIG.7 (b), in each rectangular region row (only one is shown) composed of a plurality of rectangular regions arranged in the short side direction of the rectangular region, Curlings are arranged every other portion along the short side direction at locations where a plurality of rectangular regions are equally divided into two in the long side direction (a plurality of division points arranged on the straight line in the short side direction). Yes. In the plate structure according to Comparative Example 2, as shown in FIG. 7C, the curling is arranged in each rectangular region so as to be divided into three equal parts in the long side direction. In the plate bone structure according to Invention Example 2, as shown in FIG. 7 (d), in each rectangular area row (only one shown), a plurality of rectangular areas are equally divided into three in the long side direction. Curling is arranged every other along the short side direction (a plurality of first divided places and a plurality of second divided places respectively arranged on two straight lines different in the short side direction). .

  As a result of analysis by the finite element method, when the maximum buckling stress (maximum compressive stress) is summarized using a non-dimensional buckling eigenvalue, the buckling eigenvalue of the plate bone structure according to Comparative Example 1 is 2.49999, The buckling eigenvalue of the plate structure according to Invention Example 1 is 2.50001, the buckling eigenvalue of the plate structure according to Comparative Example 2 is 3.43638, and the buckling eigenvalue of the plate structure according to Invention Example 2 is 3.43638. Became. That is, the maximum buckling stress generated in the plate structure according to Invention Example 1 is the same as the maximum buckling stress generated in the plate structure according to Comparative Example 1, and is generated in the plate structure according to Invention Example 2. It was found that the maximum buckling stress and the maximum buckling stress generated in the plate structure according to Comparative Example 2 were substantially the same. As a result, curling is arranged in each rectangular area by arranging the curling every other area along the short side direction at a position where a plurality of rectangular areas in each rectangular area row are divided in the long side direction. It was possible to obtain new knowledge that the buckling strength of the plate bone structure can be ensured to the same level as the case where it is arranged so as to be divided in the side direction.

  A feature of the present invention is that in a plate structure used for a building, a base plate and a second arrangement perpendicular to the first arrangement direction are joined to the base plate at an interval in the first arrangement direction. A plurality of transformers (ribs or large aggregates) that extend in the direction and reinforce the base plate, and are joined to the base plate at intervals in the second arrangement direction, and orthogonal to the plurality of transformers A plurality of longes (stiffeners or small aggregates) that extend in the first arrangement direction and reinforce the base plate, and a long side portion by the plurality of transformers and the plurality of longes A plurality of rectangular areas having a short side portion are partitioned and formed in a lattice shape, and each rectangular area row (each rectangular area group) including a plurality of the rectangular areas arranged in the short side direction of the rectangular area has a plurality of rectangular areas. The rectangular area is arranged in the long side direction (the length of the rectangular area At positions dividing direction), it is a gist of curling to reinforce the rectangular region is arranged in every second along the short side direction.

  Here, the short side direction is coincident with one of the first arrangement direction and the second arrangement direction, and the long side direction is the first arrangement direction and the second arrangement direction. It coincides with the other of the directions.

  According to the first feature, since the curling is disposed every other along the short side direction at a location where the plurality of rectangular regions in each rectangular region row are divided in the long side direction, Applying new knowledge, after reducing the number of curling used for the plate bone structure in half compared to the case where the curling is arranged so as to be divided in the long side direction in each rectangular region, The buckling strength of the plate bone structure can be ensured to an equivalent level.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the gist of the present invention is that the building has a plate bone structure having the first characteristic.

  According to the 2nd characteristic, there exists an effect | action similar to the effect | action by a 1st characteristic.

  According to the present invention, the number of curlings used in the plate bone structure is reduced by half compared to the case where the curling is arranged so as to be divided in the long side direction in each rectangular region, Since the buckling strength of the plate bone structure can be ensured to an equivalent level, the work time of the plate bone structure can be greatly shortened while sufficiently securing the buckling strength of the plate bone structure. Construction cost can be reduced.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tank top plate structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention as seen from the back side. FIGS. 2A and 2B are plan views showing a state where the arrangement pattern of curling in the tank top plate structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention is changed. FIGS. 3A and 3B are plan views showing a state where the arrangement pattern of curling in the tank top plate structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention is changed. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the liquefied gas tank according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the arrow IVB in FIG. 4A. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a ship bottom skin structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a bulk carrier according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of an arrow VIB in FIG. 6A. FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a curling arrangement pattern in the plate bone structure according to Comparative Example 1, and FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a curling arrangement pattern in the plate bone structure according to Invention Example 1. FIG. 7C is a diagram showing a curling arrangement pattern in the plate bone structure according to Comparative Example 2, and FIG. 7D is a diagram showing a curling arrangement pattern in the plate bone structure according to Invention Example 2. is there.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4A and 4B. In the drawings, “FF” indicates the forward direction, “FR” indicates the backward direction, “L” indicates the left direction, and “R” indicates the right direction.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the liquefied gas tank 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention stores liquefied natural gas (not shown), and is a box-shaped tank body having an open upper side. The tank body 3 extends in the tank length direction (front-rear direction) TD1 as the first arrangement direction. A tank top plate structure 5, which is one of the plate bone structures, is provided on the upper side of the tank body 3, and a plurality of frame-shaped transformers (saddle or large aggregate) 7 are provided in the tank body 3. Are provided at intervals in the tank length direction TD1. A tank vertical wall (not shown) extending in the tank length direction TD1 is provided in the center of the tank body 3.

  Then, the specific structure of the tank top plate structure 5 which is the principal part of 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), a tank top plate 9 as a base plate is joined to the upper side (upper end) of the tank body 3, and this tank top plate 9 extends in the tank length direction TD1. Yes. On the back surface of the tank top plate 9, upper portions 11 (hereinafter referred to as transformer upper portions) 11 of a plurality of transformers 7 that reinforce the tank top plate 9 are joined at intervals in the tank length direction TD 1. Each transformer upper part 11 extends in a tank width direction (left-right direction) TD2 as a second arrangement direction orthogonal to the first arrangement direction, and each transformer upper part 11 has a plurality of slots 13 in the tank. They are formed at intervals in the width direction TD2. Each transformer upper part 11 constitutes a part of the tank top plate structure 5 in addition to constituting a part of the transformer 7.

  On the back surface of the tank top plate 9, a plurality of longes (stiffeners or small aggregates) 15 having a T-shaped cross section that reinforces the tank top plate 9 are joined at intervals in the tank width direction TD2. Further, each longe 15 extends in the tank length direction TD1 so as to be orthogonal to the plurality of transformer upper portions 11 and is inserted into the slots 13 of the plurality of transformer upper portions 11.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of rectangular regions 17 are partitioned and formed by a plurality of upper transformer portions 11 and a plurality of longes 15, and each rectangular region 17 has a long side portion 17a and a short side portion 17b. Have. Here, the long side direction LD of the rectangular region 17 corresponds to the tank length direction TD1, the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17 corresponds to the tank width direction TD2, and the long side portion 17a of the rectangular region 17 is A part of the longe 15 or a part of the tank body 3 (mainly a part of the longe 15) is formed, and the short side portion 17b of the rectangular region 17 is a part of the transformer upper part 11 or a part of the tank body 3 (mainly the transformer upper part 11). Part). Instead of the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 17 matching the tank length direction TD1, and the short side direction SD of the rectangular area 17 matching the tank width direction TD2, the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 17 is set to the tank width direction TD2, The short side direction SD of the rectangular area 17 may coincide with the tank length direction TD1, and in this case, the long side part 17a of the rectangular area 17 is mainly constituted by a part of the transformer upper part 11, and the rectangular area 17 The short side portion 17 b of the region 17 is mainly constituted by a part of the longe 15.

  In each rectangular region row (each rectangular region group) 17G composed of a plurality of rectangular regions 17 arranged in the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17, a portion (rectangle) that divides the plurality of rectangular regions 17 into two equal parts in the long side direction LD Curlings 19 that reinforce the rectangular region 17 are arranged every other portion along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17 at a plurality of division points arranged on a straight line in the short side direction SD of the region 17. . In addition, curlings 19 are present every other rectangular region 17 in each rectangular region row 17G along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17, and each curling 19 is connected to the tank top plate 9. Are joined to the long side portion 17 a of the rectangular region 17.

  Instead of arranging the curlings 19 every other portion along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17 in the rectangular region row 17G where the plurality of rectangular regions 17 are equally divided into the long side direction LD. The curling 19 may be arranged as follows.

  As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, in each rectangular region row 17G, the plurality of rectangular regions 17 are divided into three equal parts in the long side direction LD (two different rectangular regions 17 in the short side direction SD). The curlings 19 are arranged at intervals of the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17 at a plurality of first division places and a plurality of second division places respectively arranged on the straight line. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2A, every other curling 19 is present along the short side direction SD of the rectangular area 17 in the plurality of rectangular areas 17 in each rectangular area row 17G. As shown in FIG. 2B, curling 19 may exist in each rectangular area 17 in each rectangular area row 17G.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, in each rectangular region row 17G, a plurality of rectangular regions 17 are equally divided into four in the long side direction LD (on three straight lines having different short side directions SD of the rectangular region 17). Curlings 19 are arranged at intervals along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17 at a plurality of first division locations, a plurality of second division locations, and a plurality of third division locations. ing. In this case, curling 19 exists in each rectangular area 17 in each rectangular area row 17G.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, in each rectangular region row 17G, the plurality of rectangular regions 17 are equally divided into five in the long side direction LD (on four straight lines with different short side directions SD of the rectangular region 17). A plurality of first division places, a plurality of second division places, a plurality of third division places, and a plurality of fourth division places, respectively, are placed along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17. Are arranged. In this case, curling 19 exists in each rectangular area 17 in each rectangular area row 17G.

  Then, the effect | action and effect of 1st Embodiment of this invention are demonstrated.

  Since the curling 19 is disposed every other portion along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 17 at the locations where the plurality of rectangular regions 17 in each rectangular region row 17G are divided in the long side direction LD, the above-mentioned new If the special knowledge is applied, the curling 19 is arranged in each rectangular area 17 so as to be equally divided (2 equal division, 3 equal division, 4 equal division, or 5 equal division) in the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 17 As compared with the above, the number of curlings 19 used in the tank top plate structure 5 is reduced to half, and the buckling strength of the tank top plate structure 5 can be ensured to an equivalent level.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the working time of the tank top plate structure 5 is greatly shortened while sufficiently securing the buckling strength of the tank top plate structure 5, and the construction cost of the tank top plate structure 5 is reduced. Reduction can be achieved.

(Second Embodiment)
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6A and 6B. In the drawings, “FF” indicates the forward direction, “FR” indicates the backward direction, “L” indicates the left direction, and “R” indicates the right direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a bulk carrier 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is a cargo ship (an example of a ship) for transporting bulk cargo (not shown) such as grain and ore. And the ship side outer plate (ship side outer plate structure) 23 is provided, and this ship side outer plate 23 is extended in the ship length direction (front-back direction) FD1 as a 1st arrangement | positioning direction. Further, an upper deck 25 is provided on the upper side (upper end) of the ship side outer plate 23, and the upper deck 25 extends in the ship length direction FD1.

  Below the ship side skin 23, a ship bottom skin structure 27, which is one of plate bone structures, is provided, and the ship bottom skin structure 27 extends in the ship length direction FD1. Further, a ship bottom inner plate (board body plate structure) 29 is provided at a position vertically separated from the ship bottom outer plate structure 27, and the ship bottom inner plate 29 extends in the ship length direction FD1. A plurality of transformers (ridges or large aggregates) 31 are provided between the ship bottom outer plate structure 27 and the ship bottom inner plate 29 at intervals in the ship length direction FD1. It extends in the ship width direction (left-right direction) FD2 as a second arrangement direction orthogonal to the one arrangement direction.

  Then, the specific structure of the ship bottom outer plate structure 27 which is the principal part of 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

  A ship bottom skin 33 is joined to the lower side (lower end) of the ship side skin 23 as a base plate, and the ship bottom skin 33 extends in the ship length direction FD1. Further, lower portions (hereinafter referred to as transformer lower portions) 35 of a plurality of transformers 31 that reinforce the ship bottom outer plate 33 are joined to the back surface (upper surface) of the ship bottom outer plate 33 at intervals in the ship length direction FD1. A plurality of slots 37 are formed in the transformer lower portion 35 at intervals in the ship width direction FD1. Each transformer lower portion 35 constitutes a part of the transformer 31 and also constitutes a part of the ship bottom skin structure 27.

  A plurality of longes (stiffeners or small aggregates) 39 having a T-shaped cross section that reinforces the ship bottom skin 33 are joined to the back surface of the ship bottom skin 33 at intervals in the ship width direction FD2. Each longitudinal 39 extends in the ship length direction FD 1 so as to be orthogonal to the plurality of transformer lower portions 35, and is inserted into the slots 37 of the plurality of transformer lower portions 35.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of rectangular regions 41 are partitioned and formed by a plurality of transformer lower portions 35 and a plurality of longi 39, and each rectangular region 41 has a long side portion 41a and a short side portion 41b. Have. Here, the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 41 coincides with the ship length direction FD1, the short side direction SD of the rectangular area 41 coincides with the ship width direction FD2, and the long side portion 41a of the rectangular area 41 The short side portion 41 b of the rectangular area 41 is constituted by a portion of the transformer lower portion 35. Instead of the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 41 matching the ship length direction FD1, and the short side direction SD of the rectangular area 41 matching the ship width direction FD2, the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 41 is the ship width direction FD2, rectangular. The short side direction SD of the region 41 may correspond to the ship length direction FD1. In this case, the long side portion 41a of the rectangular region 41 is constituted by a part of the transformer lower portion 35, and the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 41 is short. The side portion 41 b is constituted by a portion of the long 39.

  In each rectangular area row (each rectangular area group) 41G composed of a plurality of rectangular areas 41 arranged in the short side direction SD of the rectangular area 41, the plurality of rectangular areas 41 are equally divided into two in the long side direction LD (rectangular Curlings 43 that reinforce the rectangular region 41 are arranged every other portion along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 41 at a plurality of division points arranged on a straight line in the short side direction SD of the region 41. . In addition, curlings 43 are alternately present in the plurality of rectangular regions 41 in each rectangular region row 41G along the short-side direction SD of the rectangular region 41. The back surface is joined to the short side portion 41 b of the rectangular region 41.

  The arrangement pattern of the curling 43 in the ship bottom outer plate structure 27 is the arrangement pattern of the curling 19 in the tank top plate structure 5 according to the first embodiment of the present invention (FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3A). ) (See (b)), it is possible to make appropriate changes.

  Then, the effect | action and effect of 2nd Embodiment of this invention are demonstrated.

  Since the curling 43 is disposed every other portion along the short side direction SD of the rectangular region 41 at the locations where the plurality of rectangular regions 41 in each rectangular region row 41G are divided in the long side direction LD, the above-mentioned new Applying this knowledge, the number of curlings 43 used for the ship bottom skin structure 27 is halved compared to the case where the curlings 43 are arranged in each rectangular area 41 so as to be equally divided in the long side direction LD of the rectangular area 41. In addition, the buckling strength of the ship bottom skin structure 27 can be ensured to an equivalent level.

  Therefore, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, while the buckling strength of the ship bottom skin structure 27 is sufficiently ensured, the working time of the ship bottom skin structure 27 is greatly shortened, and the ship bottom skin structure 27 is improved. Construction cost can be reduced.

  The present invention is not limited to the description of the above-described embodiment. For example, the configuration applied to the tank top plate structure 5 and the ship bottom outer plate structure 27 is applied to other plate bone structures, and various other types. It can be implemented in an embodiment. Further, the scope of rights encompassed by the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the present invention.

TD1 Tank length direction TD2 Tank width direction FD1 Ship length direction FD2 Ship width direction LD Long side direction SD of the rectangular area SD Short side direction of the rectangular area 1 Tank for liquefied gas 3 Tank body 5 Tank top plate structure 7 Transformer 9 Tank top plate 11 Transformer upper portion 13 Slot 15 Longe 17 Rectangular region 17a Long side portion 17b of rectangular region Short side portion 17G of rectangular region Rectangular region row 19 Curling 21 Bulk carrier 27 Ship bottom skin 31 Transformer 33 Ship bottom skin 35 Transformer lower portion 37 Slot 39 Longe 41 Rectangular region 41a Long side portion 41b of rectangular region Short side portion 41G of rectangular region Rectangular region row 43 Curling

Claims (4)

In the plate bone structure used in buildings,
A base plate,
A plurality of transformers that are joined to the base plate at intervals in the first arrangement direction and extend in a second arrangement direction perpendicular to the first arrangement direction, and reinforce the base plate;
A plurality of longages that are joined to the base plate at intervals in the second arrangement direction, extend in the first arrangement direction so as to be orthogonal to the plurality of transformers, and reinforce the base plate; With
A plurality of rectangular regions having a long side portion and a short side portion are partitioned and formed in a lattice shape by the plurality of transformers and the plurality of longes,
Curling that reinforces the rectangular area in the long side direction of each rectangular area row composed of a plurality of the rectangular areas arranged in the short side direction of the rectangular area is the short side. A plate bone structure characterized by being arranged every other along the direction.   2. The plate structure according to claim 1, wherein every other curling is present along the short side direction in a plurality of the rectangular regions in each rectangular region row.   The plate bone structure according to claim 1, wherein the curling is present in each rectangular region in each rectangular region row.   A building comprising the plate bone structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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