JP2013091116A - Dust collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent cutting powder from being scattered.SOLUTION: This dust collector is mounted in a cutting device. The dust collector includes: a duct which has an opened lower end and surrounds a cutting tool mounted to a spindle of the cutting device; and a suction portion for sucking the atmosphere in the duct. In the duct, a fan is provided to rotate synchronizing with the spindle and include a plurality of fins for generating ascending air current.

Description

  The present invention relates to a dust suction device, and more particularly to a dust suction device for sucking chips after cutting.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, a cutting device is known in which a suction port is provided in the axial center of a cutting tool, and cutting powder is sucked and collected from the suction port in order to collect cutting powder generated when, for example, metal is cut (for example, Patent Document 1). In recent years, fiber reinforced resin composites (FRP: Fiber Reinforced Plastics) may be cut. However, since the cutting powder is finer than metal, there is an adverse effect that the cutting powder is scattered around the cutting tool. there were. For this reason, the technique which provides the cover which prevents that cutting powder is scattered around the cutting tool is developed.

JP 2009-274147 A

By the way, at the time of cutting, the insert of the cutting tool and the workpiece to be cut are in contact with each other, but there is a gap between the cover and the workpiece. Due to this gap, there is a problem that even if a cover is provided, a small amount of cutting powder is eventually scattered around the cutting tool.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to prevent the cutting powder from being scattered.

The invention described in claim 1
In the dust suction device attached to the cutting device,
A duct having a lower end opened and surrounding a cutting tool attached to the main shaft of the cutting device;
A suction part for sucking air in the duct;
A fan part having a plurality of fins that rotate in synchronization with the main shaft and generate an air flow toward the suction part is provided in the duct.

The invention according to claim 2 is the dust suction device according to claim 1,
In the duct, at least one plate extending from the rotation axis side of the main shaft toward the outer peripheral side and arranged to face the fan part is fixed,
The plurality of fins cut the cutting powder flowing in the duct by cooperating with the plate.

The invention according to claim 3 is the dust suction device according to claim 1 or 2,
The cross-sectional area of the flow path communicating from the duct to the suction portion is set to be equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path on the open end side of the duct.

Invention of Claim 4 is a dust suction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3,
The inner peripheral surface of the duct has a tapered surface whose inner diameter gradually increases upward from a portion facing the fan portion.

Invention of Claim 5 is a dust suction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4,
The cutting tool has a communication hole that communicates with outside air, and is connected to the communication hole of the cutting tool, and further includes a cutting tool suction unit that sucks air in the communication hole.

According to the present invention, since the fan portion having the plurality of fins that rotate in synchronization with the main shaft of the cutting device and generate an air flow toward the suction portion is provided in the duct, the cutting powder is sucked into the duct. be able to. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the cutting powder from being scattered outside the duct.
In addition, it is possible to take in outside air from the outside of the duct by the air flow generated by the plurality of fins, and to prevent heat from being accumulated in the duct. Thereby, the heat dissipation effect can be enhanced.

  Further, the cutting powder flowing in the duct is cut by the cooperation of at least one plate disposed in the duct and the plurality of fins, so that the cutting powder can be sucked efficiently.

  In addition, since the cross-sectional area of the flow channel communicating from the duct to the suction portion is set to be equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow channel on the open end side of the duct, the flow velocity increases in the flow channel communicating to the suction portion. The cutting powder can be reliably sucked by the suction part.

  Moreover, since the inner peripheral surface of the duct has a tapered surface whose inner diameter gradually increases upward from the portion facing the fan portion, a spiral airflow can be generated inside the duct. This spiral airflow makes it possible to suck the cutting powder more efficiently.

  In addition, since the cutting tool suction part sucks the air in the communication hole of the cutting tool, the cutting powder that is about to scatter immediately after cutting can be sucked from the cutting tool to the communication hole. Since the sucked cutting powder is sucked into the duct, it is possible to further prevent the cutting powder from being scattered outside the duct.

It is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a cutting device concerning a first embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the dust suction apparatus which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the fan part which concerns on 1st embodiment attached with respect to the cutting tool for trim which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the state which removed the fan part and the cutting tool from the tool holder which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the fan part which concerns on 1st embodiment attached with respect to the cutting tool for surface cutting. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically schematic structure of the dust collector which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a front view which shows typically schematic structure of the dust collector which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the positional relationship of the fin and plate which concern on 3rd embodiment. The fan part which concerns on 3rd embodiment attached with respect to the cutting tool for trim is shown. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the fan part of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the fan part which concerns on 3rd embodiment attached with respect to the cutting tool for surface cutting. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the fan part and plate which concern on 3rd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the fan part and plate which concern on 3rd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the fan part and plate which concern on 3rd embodiment.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, although various technically preferable limitations for implementing the present invention are given to the embodiments described below, the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a cutting apparatus according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting device 1 is supported by a bed 2, a column 3 erected on the back of the bed 2, and a front surface of the column 3 movably in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). A spindle head 4, a saddle 5 supported on the front portion of the bed 2 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction), and a table supported on the saddle 5 so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction). 6 is provided. On the table 6, for example, a workpiece W that is an object to be cut formed of a fiber reinforced resin such as FRP or CFRP or a metal is placed.

  A spindle 7 is rotatably supported in the spindle head 4, and the spindle 7 is rotationally driven by a drive motor (not shown) built in the spindle head 4. A detachable tool holder 8 is attached to the lower end portion of the main shaft 7. A cutting tool 9 is attached to the lower end of the tool holder 8. The cutting tool 9 is formed with a through hole 93 penetrating from the distal end surface 91 to the proximal end surface 92 (see FIG. 2). Further, a plurality of suction holes 94 communicating with the through holes 93 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting tool 9. The through holes 93 and the suction holes 94 are communication holes according to the present invention, and outside air communicates with the inside of the cutting tool 9 through the communication holes. The tool holder 8 and the main shaft 7 are also formed with flow paths 77 and 88 communicating with the communication hole of the cutting tool 9.

  The cutting device 1 is equipped with a dust suction device 10 for sucking cutting powder. 2A and 2B are explanatory views schematically showing a schematic configuration of the dust suction device 10, wherein FIG. 2A is a top view and FIG. 2B is a front view. As shown in FIG. 2, the cutting apparatus 1 includes a duct 11 attached to the lower end portion of the spindle head 4, a suction portion 13 connected to the duct 11 via a pipe 12, and the spindle 7. A rotating fan unit 14 is provided.

The duct 11 is formed in a cylindrical shape and has a lower end opened, and is attached to the spindle head 4 so as to surround the spindle 7, the tool holder 8, and the cutting tool 9 of the cutting apparatus 1. A pipe 12 communicating with the inside of the duct 11 is attached to the upper part of the duct 11. When the suction unit 13 is driven, the air in the duct 11 is sucked through the pipe 12, so that an air flow (upward airflow) toward the suction unit 13 is generated in the duct 11.
Here, the cross-sectional area of the pipe 12 (flow path) communicating from the duct 11 to the suction portion 13 is set to be equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path on the open end side of the duct 11 (shaded portion in FIG. 2A). Has been. In addition, said cross-sectional area is a cross-sectional area at the time of cut | disconnecting in the plane orthogonal to airflow.
The suction unit 13 communicates with the flow path 77 of the main shaft 7 so as to suck the air in the communication holes (through hole 93 and suction hole 94) of the cutting tool 9 through the flow paths 77 and 88. It has become. That is, the suction part 13 is a cutting tool suction part according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the case where the suction unit 13 also serves as the cutting tool suction unit has been described as an example. However, a cutting tool suction unit different from the suction unit 13 may be provided.

  The fan unit 14 is provided with a plurality of fins 15 that generate an updraft when rotating in synchronization with the main shaft 7. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the fan portion 14 attached to the trimming cutting tool 9. As shown in FIG. 3, the fan portion 14 has a bowl shape having an opening at the bottom so as to surround the cutting tool 9. A large number of openings 141 are formed on the side surface of the fan unit 14. A plurality of wall portions separating the large number of openings 141 are fins 15. And the lower end surface 142 of the fan part 14 is arrange | positioned above the front end surface 91 of the cutting tool 9, and, thereby, the lower end part of the cutting tool 9 for trim protrudes from the lower end surface 142 of the fan part 14. It has become. A plurality of screw holes 143 for fixing the fan unit 14 to the tool holder 8 are formed in the upper part of the fan unit 14.

  FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state where the fan unit 14 and the cutting tool 9 are removed from the tool holder 8. When the fan unit 14 and the cutting tool 9 are attached to the tool holder 8, the lower end surface of the tool holder 8 and the upper end surface of the fan unit 14 are aligned, and the screw 144 is inserted into the screw hole 143 of the fan unit 14. Then, both are fixed by screwing into the female screw 81 of the tool holder 8. After fixing, the cutting tool 9 is attached to the tool holder 8.

  FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the fan portion 14A attached to the cutting tool 9A for surface cutting. Since the fan portion 14A has substantially the same configuration as the fan portion 14 shown in FIG. 3, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The lower end surface 142a of the fan portion 14A is disposed at substantially the same position as the front end surface 91a of the cutting tool 9A. For this reason, the insert 92a attached to the front end surface 91a of the cutting tool 9A projects from the lower end surface 142a of the fan portion 14A.

  Since the fan part 14 is attached to the tool holder 8 as described above, when the main shaft 7 rotates, the fan part 14 and the cutting tool 9 rotate together with the tool holder 8 in synchronization with the main shaft 7. It has become.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
At the start of cutting, the main shaft 7 starts to rotate after the suction portion 13 is driven. In synchronization with the rotation of the main shaft 7, the tool holder 8, the fan unit 14, and the cutting tool 9 rotate at high speed. Since the suction part 13 is driven even during cutting, outside air is taken in from the through-hole 93 and the suction hole 94, and the cutting powder S that is about to scatter immediately after cutting is sucked into the duct 11 from the cutting tool 9. .
Moreover, since the rising air current by the suction part 13 and the upward air current due to the rotation of the fan part 14 are generated in the duct 11, the cutting powder S rises and is sucked into the suction part 13 from the pipe 12.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the fan portion 14 having the plurality of fins 15 that rotate in synchronization with the main shaft 7 of the cutting device 1 and generate the rising airflow is provided in the duct 11. The cutting powder S can be sucked into the duct 11. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the cutting powder S from being scattered outside the duct 11.
In addition, it is possible to take in outside air from the outside of the duct 11 due to the rising airflow generated by the plurality of fins 15, and to prevent heat from being trapped in the duct 11. Thereby, the heat dissipation effect can be enhanced.

Moreover, since the cross-sectional area of the pipe 12 communicating from the duct 11 to the suction part 13 is set to be equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path on the open end side of the duct 11, the flow velocity is increased in the pipe 12. The cutting powder S can be reliably sucked by the suction portion 13.
In addition, if stagnation occurs in the flow from the duct 11 to the pipe 12, the cutting powder S easily accumulates in the duct 11. Therefore, the flow path in the duct 11 and the cross-sectional area of the pipe 12 are made equal. It is preferable that no stagnation occurs in the flow.

[Second Embodiment]
In the first embodiment, the case where the duct 11 has a cylindrical shape has been described as an example. However, in the second embodiment, the case where the inner peripheral surface of the duct 11 has a tapered surface will be described. To do. In the following description, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  6A and 6B are explanatory views schematically showing a schematic configuration of a dust collecting apparatus 10A according to the second embodiment, wherein FIG. 6A is a top view and FIG. 6B is a front view. As shown in FIG. 6, the inner peripheral surface of the duct 11 a in the dust collector 10 </ b> A has a tapered surface 18 a whose inner diameter gradually increases upward from a portion facing the fan portion 14. Further, a cylindrical portion 19a having a constant inner diameter is formed from the tapered surface 18a of the duct 11a to the open end portion.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, the inner peripheral surface of the duct 11a has the tapered surface 18a whose inner diameter gradually increases from the portion facing the fan portion 14 upward. A spiral airflow (see the dotted arrow in FIG. 6) can be generated inside the duct 11a. This spiral airflow makes it possible to suck the cutting powder S more efficiently.

[Third embodiment]
In the third embodiment, a dust collector in which a plate for cutting cutting powder in cooperation with a fan unit is provided in a duct will be described. In the following description, the same parts as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 7 is a front view schematically showing a schematic configuration of a dust collector 10B according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, at least one rectangular plate 60 extending from the rotating shaft side of the main shaft 7 toward the outer peripheral side is fixed in the duct 11 of the dust collector 10B. Further, the plurality of fins 15b of the fan portion 14B are each formed in a rectangular plate shape extending from the rotating shaft side of the main shaft 7 toward the outer peripheral side.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between the fins 15 b and the plate 60. As shown in FIG. 8, the fin 15b is inclined so that the angle θ formed with the horizontal plane becomes an acute angle, and its lower end portion rubs against the upper surface of the plate 60 when the fan portion 14B rotates. It has become. Because of this positional relationship, the cutting powder S interposed between the lower end portion of the fin 15b and the rear end portion of the plate 60 during the rotation of the fan portion 14B is caused by the cooperation of the fin 15b and the plate 60. Will be disconnected. In addition, it is preferable that at least one of the lower end part of the fin 15b and the rear end part of the plate 60 is formed in a blade shape.

Next, a specific example of the fan unit 14B will be described. FIG. 9 shows the fan portion 14B attached to the trimming cutting tool 9. As shown in FIG. 9, the fan part 14B includes a fixed part 141b fixed to the tool holder 8, a main body part 142b extending downward from the center of the fixed part 141b and surrounding the cutting tool 9, and a main body Four fins 15b formed in a rectangular plate shape extending from the lower end portion of the portion 142b toward the outer peripheral side are provided. The four fins 15b are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees. A plurality of screw holes 143b for fixing the fan part 14B to the tool holder 8 are formed in the fixing part 141b. And the lower end surface 144b of the main-body part 142b is arrange | positioned upwards rather than the front end surface 91 of the cutting tool 9, so that the lower end part of the cutting tool 9 for trim protrudes from the lower end surface 144b of the fan part 14B. It has become.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a modification of the fan portion attached to the trimming cutting tool 9. In the fan portion 14C, eight fins 15c are provided, and the fins 15c are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees.

  FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a fan portion 14D attached to a cutting tool 9A for surface cutting. The fan part 14D shown in FIG. 11 also shows a case where eight fins 15d are provided. The lower end surface 142d of the fan part 14D is disposed at substantially the same position as the front end surface 91a of the cutting tool 9A. For this reason, the insert 92a attached to the front end surface 91a of the cutting tool 9A protrudes from the lower end surface 142d of the fan part 14D.

  The number of fins 15b is determined in relation to the number of plates 60. Table 1 below shows a preferable combination of the number of the fins 15b and the number of the plates 60 when the number is 16 or less.

  If the timing of cutting the cutting powder S overlaps with the plurality of fins 15b, the load on the main shaft 7 increases, which is not preferable. Therefore, it is desirable to disperse the cutting timing at each fin 15b, and the cutting timing can be dispersed if the combination shown in Table 1 is “◯”. As can be seen from Table 1, the number of plates 60 is preferably not a multiple of the prime factor of the number of fins 15b. In order to stabilize the rotation balance, the number of fins 15b is preferably two or more, and even when there are two or more, it is more preferable that the fins 15b are arranged at equal intervals.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
At the start of cutting, the main shaft 7 starts to rotate after the suction portion 13 is driven. In synchronization with the rotation of the main shaft 7, the tool holder 8, the fan unit 14 </ b> B, and the cutting tool 9 rotate at high speed. Since the suction part 13 is driven even during cutting, outside air is taken in from the through-hole 93 and the suction hole 94, and the cutting powder S that is about to scatter immediately after cutting is sucked into the duct 11 from the cutting tool 9. .
Moreover, since the rising air current by the suction part 13 and the upward air current due to the rotation of the fan part 14 are generated in the duct 11, the cutting powder S rises and is sucked into the suction part 13 from the pipe 12. At this time, the cutting powder S interposed between the lower end portion of the fin 15b and the rear end portion of the plate 60 during the rotation of the fan portion 14B is cut by the cooperation of the fin 15b and the plate 60.

  As described above, according to the third embodiment, the cutting powder S flowing in the duct 11 is produced by the cooperation of at least one plate 60 arranged in the duct 11 and the plurality of fins 15b. Since it is cut, the cutting powder S can be sucked efficiently.

In the third embodiment, the case where the fins 15b have a rectangular plate shape is illustrated, but any shape may be used as long as the cutting powder S can be cut in cooperation with the plate 60.
For example, as shown in FIG. 12, there is a fan-shaped fin 15e that spreads outward. In this case, since the position P where the plate 60 and the fin 15e overlap moves gradually with rotation, a cutting effect similar to scissors can be obtained. However, in the case of FIG. 12, since the cut cutting powder S is discharged to the outside of the fin 15e, the fin 15e must be formed unless a gap is formed between the outer peripheral edge of the fin 15e and the inner periphery of the duct 11. There is a possibility that the cutting powder S is clogged between the pipe 11 and the duct 11.

  In order to prevent this, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, it is conceivable to arrange the plate 60 e along the tangential direction of the main shaft 7. In this case, since the position P1 where the plate 60e and the fin 15e overlap gradually moves inward with rotation, not only the cutting effect similar to scissors is obtained, but also the cutting powder S is moved outward by centrifugal force. The cutting effect can be further enhanced by the scattering operation. However, there is a possibility that the cutting powder S is likely to accumulate inside the suction flow rate that is relatively slow.

  In order to prevent the accumulation of the cutting powder S, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, it is conceivable that the rear end portion 61f in the rotation direction of the plate 60f is curved forward. In this case, since the cutting powder S can be cut at the central portion of the rear end portion 61f, that is, at a position where the flow velocity is relatively fast, it is possible to prevent the cutting powder S from being accumulated inside. It should be noted that the cutting position can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the curved shape of the rear end portion 61f of the plate 60f.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate. In the following description, the same parts as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the communication hole is provided with the through hole 93 and the suction hole 94 is illustrated. However, the communication hole may be formed of only the through hole 93 by omitting the suction hole 94, or A communication hole in which the tip end portion of the hole 93 is sealed and the suction hole 94 communicates with the base end portion of the through hole 93 may be used.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the main axis | shaft 7 was what was called the vertical cutting device 1 of a perpendicular direction, and the case where an updraft was generated by the fan part 14 was illustrated, the main axis | shaft is a vertical direction, such as what is called a horizontal type cutting device. Even if it is not, the air flow toward the suction unit 13 may be generated by the fan unit 14.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cutting device 2 Bed 3 Column 4 Spindle head 5 Saddle 6 Table 7 Spindle 8 Tool holder 9 Cutting tool 10 Dust absorber 11 Duct 12 Piping (flow path)
13 Suction part (suction part for cutting tools)
14 Fan part 15 Fin 60 Plate 93 Through hole (communication hole)
94 Suction hole (communication hole)
S Cutting powder W Workpiece

Claims (5)

In the dust suction device attached to the cutting device,
A duct having a lower end opened and surrounding a cutting tool attached to the main shaft of the cutting device;
A suction part for sucking air in the duct;
A dust suction device, wherein a fan unit having a plurality of fins that rotate in synchronization with the main shaft and generate an air flow toward the suction unit is provided in the duct. The dust suction device according to claim 1,
In the duct, at least one plate extending from the rotation axis side of the main shaft toward the outer peripheral side and arranged to face the fan part is fixed,
The plurality of fins cut the cutting powder flowing in the duct by cooperating with the plate, and a dust suction device. In the dust suction device according to claim 1 or 2,
The dust suction device, wherein a cross-sectional area of a flow path communicating from the duct to the suction portion is set to be equal to or smaller than a cross-sectional area of the flow path on the open end side of the duct. In the dust suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An inner peripheral surface of the duct has a tapered surface whose inner diameter gradually increases from a portion facing the fan portion upward. In the dust suction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A dust suction device, further comprising a cutting tool suction portion that is connected to the communication hole of the cutting tool having a communication hole through which outside air communicates, and sucks the air in the communication hole.

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