JP2013082569A - Method for converting biomass into liquid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer generated by the method and microorganism carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently generating a liquid fertilizer allowed to be easily handled from a biomass.SOLUTION: The method includes a first step S1 for obtaining microorganism-carrying diatomaceous shale in which microorganisms are carried on diatomaceous shale and a second step S2 for agitating a mixture including at least the microorganism-carrying diatomaceous shale, a biomass and water and obtaining a liquid product through biomass decomposition by the microorganisms. Also a biomass contaminated with radioactive substances can be regenerated as a liquid fertilizer from which the radioactive substances are removed or reduced.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for converting a biomass into a liquid fertilizer, a liquid fertilizer produced by the method, and a microorganism carrier.

  Due to the Great Tohoku Kanto Earthquake in March 2011, a huge amount of rubble was generated, and even in October of the same year, the treatment was not progressing slowly. At the same time, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident released a huge amount of radioactive material, which contaminated a very wide area. Contamination is not just a matter of radioactive material adhering to soil, buildings and rubble, but is further spread by mixing with rainwater.

  Although decontamination of the target area, that is, radioactive substances such as radioactive cesium can be removed, the radioactive substances are not lost. Speaking of rubble contaminated with radioactive material, the radioactive material does not disappear due to combustion, but instead it may be scattered, so it is difficult to burn and process.

  On the other hand, the development of technology to convert waste biomass such as building waste and food waste, and unused biomass such as rice straw, wheat straw, and resource crops into viable materials is also active. For example, the technique described in Patent Document 1 includes a step of composting (composting) biomass using microorganisms as a primary treatment.

  However, in the above technique described in Patent Document 1, even if biomass is composted, the handling thereof is not easy, and there is a problem that a large amount of microorganisms are required and processing takes time. Moreover, about the biomass contaminated with the radioactive substance, since the compost after a process contains a radioactive substance, it cannot be reused.

JP 2011-78913 A

  The present invention has been conceived under the circumstances described above, and its main purpose is to provide a method for efficiently producing liquid fertilizer that is easier to handle from biomass and contaminates radioactive substances. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method capable of regenerating liquid fertilizer from which radioactive material has been removed or reduced, even if the biomass has been removed.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following technical means.

  The liquid fertilizer method of hyomas provided by the first aspect of the present invention includes a first step of obtaining a microorganism-supporting diatom shale in which microorganisms are supported on diatom shale, at least the microorganism-supporting diatom shale, biomass, and water. And a second step of obtaining a liquid product through the decomposition action of the biomass by the microorganism.

  In a preferred embodiment, in the first step, the diatom shale is dried after the diatom shale absorbs the microorganism-containing liquid.

  The preferred embodiment also includes a third step of immersing a separate diatom shale in the liquid product obtained in the second step.

  The liquid fertilizer provided by the second aspect of the present invention is a liquid product obtained in the second step or the third step in the first aspect of the present invention.

  The microorganism carrier provided by the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the microorganism-containing liquid is supported on diatom shale, and then the diatom shale is dried.

  The diatom shale used in each aspect of the present invention is preferably a reservoir shale represented by the Wakkanai diatom shale. Reservoir shale has a porous structure, and as shown in FIG. 1, its moisture absorption and desorption rate is overwhelmingly higher than that of zeolite and charcoal. This is due to the fact that the porosity of the reservoir shale is overwhelmingly large at about 70% and that the ultrafine pore distribution is at a high level. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, when the relative humidity exceeds 70%, the moisture absorption rate of water vapor increases rapidly. These also mean that the water storage shale has an overwhelmingly high water retention performance.

  As a result of various investigations, the present inventor has obtained the following knowledge, and the present invention has been made based on such knowledge.

  First, because of its high moisture absorption / release performance, the liquid (water) containing radioactive material is immediately absorbed and retained inside, and when placed in a dry environment, only moisture is released and the radioactive material is contained inside. In addition to being captured, the amount of radiation emitted to the outside is weakened.

  Second, because of its high moisture absorption / release performance, the liquid containing microorganisms can be immediately absorbed and retain a large amount of microorganisms inside. When this is dried, it functions as a dry microorganism carrier. In addition, when wet, it can function as a microbial medium.

  In the method for converting a biomass to a liquid fertilizer according to the first aspect of the present application, especially when processing plant biomass, the liquid product obtained in the second step includes three major nutrients of plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash. Can be used effectively as a liquid fertilizer. In addition, since diatom shale functions as a culture medium for microorganisms, diatom shale containing such microorganisms can be used repeatedly, and it becomes unnecessary to replenish new microorganisms, which is advantageous in terms of cost. Furthermore, even if radioactive materials are contained in biomass, many of them are retained in diatom shale during processing, and the amount of radiation emitted to the outside is weakened, so that waste materials with radioactive materials attached to them Can be converted into a safe liquid fertilizer, and can lead to decontamination of the area where the waste material is produced. Moreover, when performing a 3rd process, the grade of the decontamination of a liquid fertilizer can further be raised and safety can be improved.

  Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given below with reference to the drawings.

It is a graph which shows the predominance of the moisture absorption / release function of the Wakkanai diatom shale (storage shale). It is a graph which shows the moisture absorption characteristic of the Wakkanai diatom shale (storage shale). It is a graph which shows the decontamination experiment result of the contaminated water of the Wakkanai diatom shale (storage shale). It is a graph which shows the decontamination experiment result of the contaminated water of the Wakkanai diatom shale (storage shale). It is process drawing for demonstrating this invention method. It is explanatory drawing of the apparatus for implementing this invention method.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

  First, the first knowledge obtained by the present inventor regarding the water storage shale will be specifically described.

In Baba district, Takanokura district and other districts in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture, 3 liters of contaminated water is stored in a 10 liter bucket, and 3 liters of the same contaminated water is stored in a 10 liter bucket. The change in radiation dose was investigated for the sample containing 6 liters of shale. Reservoir shale used was crushed Wakkanai diatom shale to an appropriate size. In the case of contaminated water and reservoir shale, almost all of the contaminated water was absorbed into the reservoir shale in a short time.

  As shown in Fig. 3, in the Baba area, the radiation dose of contaminated water at the beginning of the measurement was 2.67 microsieverts, but for the storage shale containing the same contaminated water, the radiation dose was measured several days later. It was weakened to 0.27 microsievert and stabilized near 0.2 microsievert.

  As shown in Fig. 4, in the Takanokura area, the radiation dose of contaminated water at the beginning of measurement was 5.85 microsieverts, but for the storage shale containing the same polluted water, the radiation dose was measured on the next day. It weakened to 0.28 microsievert and stabilized at around 0.2 microsievert.

In other areas, almost the same results were shown. This is because, regardless of the amount of radiation of the original contaminated water, almost all of it was absorbed by the reservoir shale, and the radiation dose to the outside was reduced. It is suggested that can be weakened to 0.2 micro Sievert stand. In this experiment, it is clear that the radioactive material contained in the contaminated water was absorbed into the pores of the storage shale together with the water, but the reason why the radiation dose is weakened is not clear. However, a possible reservoir shale ultra-fine pore distribution has a unique pore structure that is a high level, most of the water shale are estimated to be made of a SiO ₂ are involved.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the method for converting a biomass into a liquid fertilizer according to the present invention includes a first step S <b> 1, a second step S <b> 2 subsequent thereto, and a third step S <b> 3 subsequent thereto as necessary.

  The first step S1 is a step of obtaining a microorganism-supporting diatom shale in which microorganisms are supported on diatom shale. For example, natto bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, koji molds, yeasts, and the like are used as microorganisms, but are not limited thereto. Any microorganism can be used as long as it can hydrolyze biomass and finally change it into water and carbon dioxide. An anaerobic microorganism may be used as long as malodor during the decomposition reaction is acceptable. However, it goes without saying that non-pathogenic microorganisms should be employed, and considering this point, it is preferable to use microorganisms that are also excellent in sterilizing ability against phytopathogenic bacteria. As the diatom shale, Wakkanai diatom shale, which has an excellent moisture absorption and release rate and a high porosity, is optimal, but is not limited thereto.

  Specifically, in the first step S1, a liquid obtained by dispersing dried natto bacteria in water is absorbed by diatom shale and naturally dried. Because diatom shale has a high porosity, a large amount of Bacillus natto can be carried in the pores.

  The second step S2 is a step of stirring the mixture containing the microorganism-supported diatom shale, biomass, and water to obtain a liquid product that has undergone biomass decomposition by microorganisms. Biomass includes waste biomass such as paper, livestock manure, food waste, building waste, sewage sludge, and unused biomass such as rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk, thinned wood, weeds, turf grass, and damaged trees. it can.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of the processing apparatus 100 for performing the second step S2. The processing apparatus 100 includes a container 110 having an input port 101 and an outlet pipe 102, a stirring device 120 that stirs the contents in the container 110, and a shower device 130 that sprays water into the container 110. . A liquid fertilizer storage tank 140 is connected to the outlet pipe 102.

  In this processing apparatus 100, the biomass A and the microorganism-supporting diatom shale B obtained in the first step S1 are input, and the biomass A and the microorganism-supporting diatom shale B are supplied with moisture by the shower device 130. However, the liquid product L that is slowly stirred by the stirring device 120 and obtained through the biomass decomposition action of microorganisms is stored in the storage tank 140. Biomass A is subjected to a pretreatment such as making it into chips at the time of charging.

  From the microorganism-supported diatom shale B that has become wet due to moisture supply, microorganisms leak appropriately and hydrolyze biomass A. Thus, a liquid containing components decomposed by microorganisms is generated in the container 110. When processing plant-based biomass, such a liquid product L can be used as a liquid fertilizer containing a balance of active ingredients such as minerals and carbohydrates in addition to the three major nutrients of plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. .

  As described above, the diatom shale can weaken the radiation dose from the absorbed radioactive material. Therefore, even if radioactive materials are attached to the biomass (building waste, rice straw, wheat straw, livestock manure, fallen leaves) input in the second step S2, the radioactive materials are adsorbed on the diatom shale in the second step S2. The liquid product can be rendered harmless or nearly harmless.

  The third step S3 is a step of immersing diatom shale in the liquid product (liquid fertilizer) L obtained in the second step S2, if necessary. By providing the third step S3, when the radioactive substance still remains in the liquid product L obtained in the second step S2, it can be further adsorbed on the diatom shale and removed.

  Diatom shale is inherently clay, so it will not adversely affect the natural environment even if it is applied to soil, rivers, fields, harbors, etc. as it is. The microorganism-supporting diatom shale B obtained in the first step S1 is optimal as a microorganism-supporting body that supports microorganisms for soil modification. Moreover, diatom shale itself has the property of adsorbing malodorous components and the like. Therefore, the microorganism-carrying diatom shale B obtained in the first step S1 can be applied to the soil or the field as it is, and soil improvement or land improvement by microorganisms can be expected. Moreover, the diatom shale B also functions as a medium for growing the microorganisms retained in the pores. Therefore, in the soil or the like in which the microorganism-supporting diatom shale B is sprayed, the above-described soil reforming function by the microorganism can be maintained for a long time.

  Also in the processing apparatus 100 that performs the second step S2, the diatom shale after discharging the processed liquid product L exists as a microorganism culture medium, so that it is repeated without introducing new microorganisms. A can be performed, which is very advantageous in terms of cost.

  Furthermore, in the second step S2, when the biomass A containing the radioactive substance is processed, the radioactive substance is adsorbed to the diatom shale B in the processing apparatus 100, but released from the diatom shale B to the outside as described above. Since the radiation to be applied is weakened, it can be expected that the radioactive material is substantially harmless even if the diatom shale B used in the second step S2 is dried and sprayed on the soil. In addition, as described above, it is possible to expect a soil improvement effect over a long period of time by microorganisms.

  If the present invention is applied to the treatment of rubble produced in large quantities in the Great Tohoku Kanto Earthquake and the treatment of contamination with radioactive materials released in large quantities in the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the following can be expected.

  Of the rubble, the woody rubble can be regenerated as liquid fertilizer if it is crushed into chips and used as biomass in the present invention. And even if a radioactive substance has adhered to the rubble, the produced liquid fertilizer can be made substantially harmless. Compared with burning and filling rubble, it is possible to effectively use resources and prevent re-emission of radioactive materials, which is an extremely effective treatment method.

  Rice straw and wheat straw, turfgrass and weeds, thinned wood, undergrowth, and fallen leaves that are contaminated with radioactive substances can also be rendered harmless and used as liquid fertilizer.

  Furthermore, the microorganism-supporting diatom shale used in the present invention is optimal as a medium for supporting microorganisms for soil improvement, and by spreading this on contaminated soil, the soil can be biologically improved, Decontamination can also be expected by diatom shale adsorbing radioactive material and making it substantially harmless. Moreover, if the liquid fertilizer that is the product of the present invention is used, the damaged farmland may be reborn as an optimal farmland.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and all modifications within the scope of the claims are all included in the scope of the present invention.

A Biomass B Microorganism-supporting diatom shale 100 Processing device 110 Container 120 Stirrer 130 Shower device 140 Storage tank

Claims (6)

A first step of obtaining a microorganism-supported diatom shale in which microorganisms are supported on diatom shale;
A second step of stirring a mixture containing at least the microorganism-supporting diatom shale, biomass, and water to obtain a liquid product that has undergone the decomposition action of the biomass by the microorganism;
A method for converting a biomass into a liquid fertilizer, comprising:   The said 1st process is a liquid fertilizer method of biomass of Claim 1 which dries the said diatom shale after making a diatom shale absorb a microorganisms containing liquid.   The method for converting a biomass into a liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a third step of immersing a separate diatom shale in the liquid product obtained in the second step.   3. A liquid fertilizer, characterized in that it is a liquid product obtained in the second step in claim 1 or 2.   A liquid fertilizer, which is a liquid product that has undergone the third step in claim 3.   A microbial support, wherein the diatom shale is dried after supporting the microorganism-containing liquid on the diatom shale.

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