JPH04265286A - Active soil-microbial colony, concentrated extract of its metabolite and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent agricultural pollution, to promote the growth of crops and to condition soil by mixing the soil microbial colony (metabolites) extracted from a highly aged compost and active mineral ingredients. CONSTITUTION:Water and a highly aged compost are fed into a first vessel 1, sufficiently agitated by an impeller 4 and allowed to stand for a whole day and night to obtain an aq. soln. almost saturated with the humus contg. large amts. of the soil microbial colony, its metabolites and undecomposed org. matter. Solids are separated from the soln., the supernatant liq. separated from the solid-contg. org. matter is transferred to a second vessel, the active mineral ingredients extracted from the mixture of andesite, basalt, serpentine and chrysolite or diatomaceous earth are added to the liq., and the soln. is aerated by a means 5 and made biologically reactive. The soln. is transferred to a third vessel, allowed to stand to precipitate the solids and then discharged from a pipeline 6 through a filter 7.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites, which is used to transform soil in agricultural fields, lawns, etc. into humus, and a method for producing the same.

0002

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Liquid fertilizers are used as fertilizers for growing plants in cultivated farmland, lawns at golf courses, parks, and other green areas. The liquid fertilizer that has been used in recent years is a chemical fertilizer dissolved in water, and this liquid fertilizer is convenient because it can be applied by spraying, and because the nutrients can be absorbed from the leaf surface. In recent years, it has become more and more used because it has the advantage of being able to do so. In addition to these liquid agricultural materials,
Pesticides, herbicides, etc. are also used.

0003

[Problem to be solved by the invention] Since liquid fertilizer is made of chemical fertilizer, its application naturally comes with certain disadvantages, and furthermore, this chemical fertilizer supplies nutrients in a usable form. As a result, most of it cannot be stored in the soil and is wasted away. For this reason, it becomes necessary to spray a larger amount of liquid fertilizer than is necessary for the crops. On the other hand, pesticides are inherently toxic, and their use requires extreme caution and must be kept to a minimum. I cannot say that it is being done. In particular, the overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. in recent years has caused the destruction of nature, lowering and diminishing the fertility of the soil, as well as disrupting the balance of microorganisms living in the soil, causing the outbreak of pests and diseases. The environment has become extremely poor for plant growth. In order to ensure crop harvest under these conditions, it is necessary to use even larger amounts of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc., and the soil is becoming more and more exhausted. In particular, in green spaces other than cultivated farmland, such as the management of lawns at golf courses, liquid fertilizers and pesticides are easily applied and in large quantities because they are easy to apply, causing environmental damage. The spread of agricultural pollution such as destruction and water pollution has also become a major social problem.

[0004] In view of the above points, the present inventor conducted extensive research in order to develop agricultural materials that do not have the above-mentioned disadvantages. If the land is fertile in the first place, plants will grow well without the use of chemical fertilizers, and pests and diseases will not occur even if no pesticides are used. Therefore, when we focus on soil, soil nurtures all kinds of plants and animals, and all plants and animals die and return to the soil.The remains of plants and animals and other organic matter are denatured into inorganic substances and soil humus in the soil. . Soil that contains a large amount of humic substances is fertile soil, and the growth of crops, etc. is promoted without the need to supply special fertilizers. In addition, due to the chemical and physical functions of humic plants, they exhibit the ability to remove harmful metal ions and non-metallic harmful substances.
In addition, by maintaining a good biological balance, the occurrence of pests and diseases is suppressed. The soil microorganisms play the most important role in converting organic matter into humus, and the crucial role that this soil microorganism plays in allowing the soil microorganisms to fully demonstrate their original activities is to It is a kind of mineral,
The water is of good quality.

The actions of microorganisms on organic matter can be broadly divided into decomposition and condensation. Figure 1 shows the process of denaturation of organic matter by microorganisms. As is clear from this figure, among organic substances, carbohydrates such as cellulose and lignin pass through various phenolic compounds, and proteins pass through amino acids, peptides, etc., and then urea, ammonia, air, etc.
Changes to water etc. In parallel with this, the intermediate products produced condense again and finally humus is formed.

[0006] As with natural purification, the induction of humus quickly converts the remains of animals and plants into soil organic matter and high-quality water, and as a result, suppresses the proliferation of various bacteria.
We can break the cycle of corruption. In addition, in the original soil, ions harmful to crops are removed by the chelating effect of humic plants, harmful metals and non-metallic harmful substances are rendered harmless, and the soil also exhibits water and fertilizer retention capabilities. Furthermore, promoting the humification reaction in the soil not only restores the aggregate structure of the soil that has been destroyed by the administration of excessive pesticides, etc., but also softens the soil constituent substances themselves, achieving soil fertilization. It is.

[0007] In the first place, soil contains extremely large amounts of various elements other than nitrogen that are necessary for crop growth, and these various elements are adjusted according to the needs of crops through the action of soil microorganisms and their metabolites. It will be supplied accordingly. In addition, nitrogen-based nutrients are infinitely supplied from the air by airborne nitrogen-fixing bacteria that belong to soil microorganisms. Therefore, if the soil environment is adjusted to certain conditions, the activity of soil microorganisms will become active, and the nutrients necessary for plant growth will be supplied without using chemical fertilizers or pesticides, and humus will self-produce. The control action makes it possible to remove harmful metals and non-metallic substances, and also enables the formation of a soil aggregate structure.

The present invention has been made with attention to the above points, and its purpose is to create a material that can artificially create the conditions necessary for inducing humus in soil, that is, an activated material. An object of the present invention is to provide a concentrated extract of soil microorganisms and their metabolites, and a method for producing the same.

[0009]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention employs the following means. In other words, the concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites contains soil microorganisms and their metabolites extracted from highly matured compost, and mineral active ingredients in mixed rock-forming minerals for activating the soil microorganisms. It is characterized by being composed of an aqueous solution containing. In addition, as a manufacturing method, highly matured compost is dissolved in water, and the soil microorganisms and their metabolites contained in this compost are eluted together with undecomposed organic matter. It is characterized by activating soil microorganisms by mixing mineral active ingredients, and more specifically,
High-maturity compost is dissolved in water, the soil microorganisms and their metabolites contained in this compost are eluted together with undecomposed organic matter, and this aqueous solution is separated into solid and liquid to produce a microbial-dissolved aqueous solution. In order to activate soil microorganisms in the dissolved aqueous solution, powders of mixed rock-forming minerals, mineral active ingredients, silicate grains, or diatomaceous earth are added to the dissolved aqueous solution, and bioreacting is performed in a weak aerated state by aeration. This solution is then solidified.
It is characterized by liquid separation.

0010

[Function] As explained above, it is the action of soil microorganisms that induces humus in the soil, and in order to activate the activities of this soil microorganism group, certain minerals and high quality water is needed. Therefore, if you prepare the soil environment and create conditions that allow soil microorganisms to carry out their original activities, there is no need to use fertilizers or pesticides, and even if you use them, you can reduce the amount. It can be extremely reduced.

First, focusing on soil microorganisms, the present invention does not focus on individual soil microorganisms, but uses soil microorganisms as a group. It is estimated that hundreds of millions of types of soil microorganisms live in soil, and it is not clear which of these microorganisms are involved in humification reactions. When considering the metabolic activities of microorganisms, the functions of microorganisms vary widely depending on the conditions, such as becoming aerobic or anaerobic depending on the conditions. From the above, we view microorganisms as a comprehensive effect of a group of species, and do not try to use a specific species of soil microorganisms. The point is that soil microorganisms are obtained from activated humic plants, which promote humicization of the soil. Here, as the activated humic plant, highly matured compost produced under highly controlled conditions may be used. The present inventor proposed such highly matured compost and a method for producing the same in a patent application dated December 28, 1990, as an invention for an active humus-based agricultural material and a method for producing the same. Therefore, the agricultural material obtained by this invention is used as a source of soil microorganisms.

Next, we focused on various rock-forming minerals as activators for activating this soil microorganism group. In the first place, soil microorganisms survive in a good condition under the control of silicate minerals. In addition, the metabolic activities of soil microorganisms convert various rock-forming minerals into available nutrients. That is, the soil is a mixture of silicates and humic substances;
Silicates are decomposed rock-forming minerals. Microorganisms dissolve various rock-forming minerals and convert them into soluble forms. All the mineral elements existing on the earth exist in a well-balanced manner in this rock-forming mineral, and it is impossible to create such a situation artificially. Therefore, by using various rock-forming minerals as microbial activation catalysts, that is, activators, rapid humification reactions can be realized, making it possible to efficiently produce large-scale, active humus-based agricultural materials. Rock-forming minerals include andesite, basalt, serpentinite,
A mixture of peridotite, which is fresh and active and has not been weathered in powder form, or a volcanic glass thereof is preferably used. In addition, since diatomaceous earth contains minerals from various layers, various mineral elements are present, and since it is a powder that dissolves well in water, this diatomaceous earth can also be used as an activator. .

By the way, a method of stabilizing and extracting mineral components into an acidic aqueous solution using a valence control method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No.
No. 093188. Therefore, the comprehensive mineral aqueous solution extracted by this method can also be used as a microbial activation catalyst. In this comprehensive mineral aqueous solution, ultrafine crystals of minerals are extracted in an ionic state and mineral elements are present in a well-balanced manner, so that it serves as an activated catalyst that significantly advances ripening, that is, humification. However, when using this comprehensive mineral aqueous solution, it is necessary to control its dilution rate extremely strictly, and when added to raw materials, the total water content is 1000 times that of the stock solution, 10,
It must be diluted to a multiple of 10, such as 1:000.

[0014] Bioreactoring is then carried out using silicate powder made from powdered rock-forming minerals such as andesite, basalt, serpentine, and peridotite, diatomaceous earth, or a comprehensive mineral aqueous solution as an activated catalyst. Let it happen. Then, this bioreactoring is performed with gentle aeration to adjust the activity. In the bioreactoring process, the intermediate products shown in Figure 1 are first produced by the action of microorganisms such as degrading yeast that reduce the molecular weight of organic matter, and then these intermediate products are transferred to soil microorganisms. Condensation polymerization is carried out by the action of , and humus is produced as the final product. When a comprehensive mineral aqueous solution is used as the activated catalyst for this bioreactoring, the comprehensive mineral aqueous solution must be diluted at the dilution ratio described above. When silicate powder is used, the amount of silicate powder added is approximately 0.04% by weight based on the compost as a raw material. If the amount of the silicate powder added is less than this, the first half of the decomposition and low molecular weight reaction will be promoted too much, and the second half of the polymerization reaction (condensation formation reaction) will be inhibited. Furthermore, if the amount of silicate powder added is greater than this, the first half of the decomposition and low molecular weight reaction will be hindered, and the raw material for the second half of the polymerization reaction will not be produced, and as a result, soil formation will not progress. , bioreactoring is insufficient and the soil microbial community cannot be activated.

[0015] Therefore, as a method for producing a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites having the above-mentioned composition, first, highly matured compost is used, and by mixing this compost with water, the contents in the compost are The soil microorganisms, their metabolites, and undecomposed organic matter are eluted into water. Then, by mixing the mineral active ingredients in the mixed rock-forming minerals with this microorganism-dissolved aqueous solution, a bioreactor effect is exerted and soil microorganisms are activated. Here, as the mixed rock-forming minerals, it is possible to use silicate powder made by powdering andesite, basalt, serpentine, and peridotite obtained from different geological strata, a comprehensive mineral aqueous solution, or diatomaceous earth.

[0016] First, a first tank is provided in which the compost is dissolved in water, and in this first tank, the soil microorganisms, their metabolites, and undecomposed organic matter in the compost are eluted into the water. Then, the solid matter in this solution is precipitated to perform solid/liquid separation, and the supernatant liquid is transferred to a second tank. Bioreactoring is performed by adding a mineral aqueous solution or diatomaceous earth. This bioreactor provides a weak aeration by performing aeration, which allows for better contact between soil microorganisms and mineral active ingredients, as well as placing the microorganisms under a weak aerobic atmosphere and their Activation is further promoted, and undecomposed organic matter in the microorganism-dissolved aqueous solution is finally induced to humus.

[0017] When transferring the water from the first tank to the second tank, it is necessary to prevent solid organic matter that is not dissolved in the water from transferring. When solid organic matter is brought into the second tank, even after the humusification reaction of the molten organic matter has ended, the solid organic matter gradually dissolves, and the reaction of this dissolved organic matter continues by the soil microorganisms. As a result, the stability of the extract will be impaired.

The concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites obtained as described above contains soil microorganisms inhabiting them as a group and at extremely high concentrations, and the metabolites and minerals resulting from their metabolic activities are also dissolved. There is. Therefore, the conditions for soil improvement are soil microorganisms, mineral active ingredients, and high quality water. Therefore, it can be applied by directly spraying it on fields, green areas, etc. In addition, focusing on the fact that active soil microorganisms, their metabolites, and minerals exist in extremely high concentrations, we use this as a seedling liquid, for example, agricultural waste such as rice straw, livestock waste such as livestock manure, etc. By adding silicates such as diatomaceous earth to organic raw materials such as food, other household waste, and wastewater treatment sludge, it can be used to mature high-quality compost to a high degree in an extremely short period of time. Furthermore, when applying to fields, green spaces, etc., it is most effective to prepare the soil environment by applying high-quality compost before applying. Here, this culture solution is diluted and used. This dilution rate needs to be a multiple of 10, for example 1000 times or 10,000 times, when a comprehensive mineral aqueous solution is used. As a result, even at extremely low dilution ratios, it is possible to indirectly induce organic matter in the soil to become humus (self-propagation function of soil), and directly to induce the antibacterial properties of ionized phenol.
It can function as a biopesticides with anti-insect effects.

[0019]

Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. First, FIG. 2 shows the configuration of an apparatus for producing a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites. In the diagram,
Three tanks 1, 2, and 3, first, second, and third, are provided. The first tank 1 is a tank for mixing water and compost, and a stirring blade 4 is provided inside. The second tank 2 is a tank for causing bioreactoring, and the supernatant liquid separated from the solid and liquid from the first tank 1 is transferred to this second tank 2, and also for activating the soil microorganisms. ,
Comprehensive mineral aqueous solutions, fresh powders of silicate or diatomaceous earth are being added. Further, an aeration means 5 is installed in this second tank 2, and the inside of the tank 2 can be brought into a weak aerated state by this aeration means 5. Furthermore, the third tank 3 is a tank for separating solid and liquid again. A filter 7 for removing foreign matter is installed in the middle of a liquid extraction pipe 6 connected to the third tank 3, and a cock 8 is also provided.

[0020] In order to produce a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites using the above-described apparatus configuration, water is first poured into the first tank 1, and approximately 3% by volume of compost is added. . Here, the compost used is highly matured compost that has been manufactured under highly controlled conditions. Then, the compost is sufficiently stirred by the stirring blade 4 to completely dissolve the compost. Leave it in this state for one day and night. As a result, an aqueous solution is obtained in which soil microorganisms, their metabolites, and humic plants containing a large amount of undecomposed organic matter are dissolved to a nearly saturated state.

Next, this first tank 1 is subjected to solid/liquid separation, and the supernatant liquid separated from the solid components containing solid organic matter is transferred to the second tank 2, where the silicate is separated as the main component. The weight ratio of fresh rock powder to the solution is 0.04.
%, or add a comprehensive mineral aqueous solution, or mix diatomaceous earth. The addition mixing ratio of this comprehensive mineral aqueous solution is 1/10,000 with respect to the solution. Then, for two days and nights, the aeration means 5
So-called bioreactoring, which aims to activate soil microorganisms by maintaining weaker aeration conditions, is carried out.

[0022] Furthermore, the supernatant liquid from the second tank 2 is transferred to the third tank 3 and left to stand for about one day, thereby performing solid/liquid separation in which solid matter is precipitated. By taking out this supernatant liquid from the pipe 6 through the filter 7, a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites in which extremely activated soil microorganisms are dissolved at an extremely high concentration is obtained. Furthermore, this culture solution can be mixed with stabilized dilutions of agricultural comprehensive minerals depending on the purpose.

[0023] Here, the bioreactoring in the second tank described above may be performed by a single tank 2, but
As shown in FIG. 3, the bioreactoring step can also be performed using a plurality of tanks (four tanks 2a to 2d in the drawing) each equipped with an aeration means 5. In this case, the liquid from the first tank 1 is injected into the first bioreactor tank 2a, and at the same time, fresh rock powder mainly composed of silicate, a comprehensive mineral aqueous solution, or diatomaceous earth is injected into the first bioreactor tank 2a. Mix. Then, this supernatant liquid is transferred to the second bioreacting tank 2b to perform bioreactoring for a predetermined time, and then this supernatant liquid is transferred to the third bioreactoring tank 2c to perform bioreactoring for a predetermined time. It is also possible to carry out bioreactoring in the same manner as in the reacting tank 2b, and to transfer the supernatant liquid to the fourth bioreactoring tank 2d to further advance the bioreactoring. With this configuration, solid/liquid separation is more complete, and when the supernatant liquid is transferred to the third tank 3, it can be purified to almost completely remove solid components.

The concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites produced as described above can be used as a high-quality compost based on organic raw materials such as agricultural waste, livestock waste, domestic waste, and wastewater treatment sludge. It can be used as a seedling solution for producing. In addition, in cultivated agriculture, it can be used selectively or comprehensively for various purposes such as flower bud differentiation, growth promotion, low temperature measures, improving the quality of harvested products, and soil improvement. Furthermore, in soil improvement, as a by-product of having the function of promoting the reaction of organic matter into soil, it has antibacterial and anti-insect functions, which are attributes of soil's self-propagation activity, and also functions as a so-called biopesticides. It will be fulfilled.

FIG. 4 shows the results of a field test using this active soil microorganism group and its metabolite concentrated extract.
and shown in FIG. Figure 4 shows the growth status during Komatsuna cultivation, Figure 5
is the growth state during cultivation of Korai grass. In both of these figures, ■ indicates the untreated growth state without applying fertilizers, etc.; ■
The growth status is when chemical fertilizers are used at the standard application rate, ■ is when high-quality compost is used alone, and the growth condition is 2 per 10a.
Growth condition when a ton of compost is applied, ■ is a growth condition when only the concentrated extract produced by the present invention is applied, ■ is a growth condition when 2 tons of high quality compost is applied per 10a,
This is the growth state when a diluted solution of this concentrated extract is sprayed on the leaf surface. As is clear from these figures, when the concentrated extract prepared according to the present invention is used together with high-quality compost, both Komatsuna and Japanese soba grow extremely well.

[0026]

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites produced by the present invention is
As a useful material that can artificially create the conditions necessary to induce humus in the soil, compost can be used as a seedling solution during production, or directly applied to fields, green areas, etc. to promote crop growth. It greatly contributes to soil improvement, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the denaturation process of organic matter due to the involvement of soil microorganisms.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the process of producing a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the process for producing a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of a growth test of Japanese mustard spinach using the agricultural material produced according to the present invention in comparison with cases using chemical fertilizers.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a growth test of Korean grass using the agricultural material produced according to the present invention in comparison with the results when chemical fertilizers were used.

[Explanation of symbols]

1　1st tank 2　Second tank 3 3rd tank 4 Stirring blade 5 Aeration means

Claims (5)

[Claims] Claim 1: An activated soil microorganism group consisting of an aqueous solution containing a soil microorganism group and its metabolites extracted from high-maturity compost, and mineral active ingredients in mixed rock-forming minerals for activating the soil microorganisms. Concentrated extract of its metabolites. 2. The active mineral according to claim 1, wherein the mixed rock-forming mineral is a mixture of andesite, basalt, serpentinite, and peridotite with a low degree of weathering, or diatomaceous earth. Concentrated extract of soil microorganisms and their metabolites. 3. The mixed rock-forming mineral is obtained by stabilizing and extracting mineral components from a mixture of andesite, basalt, serpentine, and peridotite into an acidic aqueous solution using a valence control method. Item 1: Active soil microorganisms and their metabolite concentrated extract. 4. Highly matured compost is dissolved in water, the soil microorganisms and their metabolites contained in this compost are eluted together with undecomposed organic matter, and the mineral active components in mixed rock-forming minerals are added to this microbial-dissolved aqueous solution. A method for producing a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites, characterized in that soil microorganisms are activated by mixing. 5. Highly matured compost is dissolved in water, the soil microorganisms and their metabolites contained in this compost are eluted together with undecomposed organic matter, and this aqueous solution is dissolved into solids.
A microorganism-dissolved aqueous solution is generated by liquid separation, and mixed rock-forming mineral powders, mineral active ingredients, silicate grains, or diatomaceous earth are added to this microbial-dissolved aqueous solution to activate soil microorganisms. A method for producing a concentrated extract of active soil microorganisms and their metabolites, characterized by performing bioreactoring in a weak aerated state by aeration, and then separating this solution into solid and liquid.