JP2013059811A - Joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joining method by which a butt part between a pair of metallic members can be increased, and further the strength, air-tightness and water-tightness of a joint are increased.SOLUTION: The joining method is used for a butt part J10 obtained by butting the side face of either metallic member 1a and the edge face of the other metallic member 1b. The joining method includes: a friction stir step in which the butt part J10 is subjected to friction stir from the outer face side between the metallic members 1a, 1b to form a plasticized region W10 at the outer face side; and a welding step in which the butt part J10 is subjected to overlaying by TIG welding or MIG welding from a reentrant angle part between the metallic members 1a, 1b to form a weld metal T3 along the butt part J10.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining metal members using friction stirring.

  Friction stir welding (FSW = Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a process of rotating a rotating tool along the abutting portion between metal members, and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member, so that the metal members are solid-phased. It is what is joined. In general, the rotating tool is formed by projecting a stirring pin (probe) on the lower end surface of a cylindrical shoulder.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 20A, when friction stir is performed on the abutting portion J formed by abutting the end surfaces of the pair of metal members 101, 101, a backing material is provided on the back side of the abutting portion J. 102 is disposed, and friction stirring is performed along the abutting portion J using the rotating tool G.

JP 2001-225179 A JP 2005-131666 A

  However, according to the conventional joining method, as shown in FIG. 20 (b), the metal members 101, 101 contract at the joined portion, so that the joined metal members 101 are distorted without being horizontal, There was a problem that the quality of the product deteriorated. Further, for example, when a joint member (not shown) is inserted into the groove portion 103 formed between the metal members 101, 101, the bottom portion of the groove portion 103 is not horizontal, so that the joint member cannot be arranged with high accuracy. was there. Further, due to the shrinkage of the metal members 101, 101, there is a consideration that a notch (Kissing Bond) E is formed on the back side of the plasticized region W. As a result, the tensile strength at the joint portion is lowered, and the water tightness and the air tightness are also lowered.

  Similarly, as shown in FIG. 20C, when the side surface of the metal member 105 and the end surface of the metal member 105 are butted and joined vertically, the metal member 105, 105 is located outside the metal member 105, 105. When frictional stirring is performed, there is a problem that one metal member 105 warps due to contraction of the metal members 105 and 105. Further, there is a problem that a notch E is formed inside (joint corner) of the joint portion of the metal members 105 and 105.

  Here, for example, if friction stirring is performed from the back side of the metal members 101, 101 or the inside of the metal members 105, 105, such a problem is solved. However, depending on the form of butting between the metal members to be joined, such as when friction stirring is performed from the inside of the cylindrical structure or when the inner corner is frictionally stirred as shown in FIG. There has been a problem that it is difficult to move the rotary tool appropriately due to the mixing of the stirring devices.

  From such a viewpoint, the present invention aims to provide a joining method capable of easily joining the abutting portions between a pair of metal members and improving the strength, air tightness, and water tightness of the joined portions. And

  A joining method according to the present invention that solves such a problem is a joining method of a butting portion formed by abutting a side surface of one metal member and an end surface of the other metal member, and the metal is bonded to the butting portion. After performing a friction stir process in which friction stir is performed from the outer surface side of the members to form a plasticized region on the outer surface side, meat by TIG welding or MIG welding from the corner of the metal members to the abutting portion It includes a welding step of performing weld welding to form a weld metal along the butt portion.

  According to this joining method, after performing frictional stirring from one surface of the pair of metal members, welding is performed from the other surface, so that the tensile strength of the joint is increased and a notch is temporarily formed. However, since it can be sealed with a weld metal, water tightness and air tightness can be improved. Moreover, according to welding, joining work can be performed comparatively easily. Moreover, even if one of the metal members is along the joint, the warpage can be corrected by welding.

  Moreover, the joining method according to the present invention is a structure in which a plurality of metal members are joined and surrounded by a plurality of wall members, and a side surface of one metal member and an end surface of the other metal member are abutted against each other. A joining method of the abutting portion, wherein after the friction stir process is performed on the abutting portion from the outer surface side of the metal members to form a plasticized region on the outer surface side, A welding step of performing weld welding by TIG welding or MIG welding from the corners of the metal members to form a weld metal along the abutting portion.

  According to such a joining method, after performing frictional stirring from the outer surface side of the metal members, welding is performed from the corners between the metal members, so that the tensile strength of the joint portion is increased and a notch is temporarily formed. Even if it is possible to seal with the weld metal, water tightness and air tightness can be improved. Moreover, according to welding, joining work can be performed comparatively easily from the inside of the structure. Moreover, even if one of the metal members is along the joint, the warpage can be corrected by welding.

  Further, the bonding method according to the present invention is a structure formed by abutting a cylindrical member that exhibits a cylindrical shape and a lid member that covers an end of the cylindrical member, and one surface of the metal member of the lid member; A method of joining a butt portion formed by abutting an end portion of a metal member of the cylindrical member, wherein the outer surface is subjected to a friction agitation step of performing agitation on the butt portion from the outer surface side of the metal members. After forming a plasticized region on the side, welding for forming weld metal along the abutting portion by performing overlay welding by TIG welding or MIG welding from the corners of the metal members to the abutting portion Including a process.

  According to such a joining method, after the friction stir is performed on the outer surface side of the abutting portion, welding is performed from the corner, so that the tensile strength of the joined portion is increased, and the air tightness and water tightness are enhanced. it can. Moreover, even if it is a cylindrical structure, joining work can be performed easily.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the plasticization area | region formed in the said friction stirring process and the weld metal formed in the said welding process contact. According to this joining method, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be further improved.

  Moreover, it is preferable to include the recessed part formation process which forms a recessed part along the abutting part which appears in the said entrance corner part, and the welding metal filling process which fills the said recessed part with a weld metal before the said welding process. According to this joining method, the workability of welding can be improved.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the present invention includes a temporary joining step of performing temporary joining with a small rotating tool before performing the main joining step of performing main joining with a large rotating tool in the friction stirring step. According to this joining method, it is possible to prevent the opening of the abutting portion when performing the main joining.

  Further, the present invention provides a tab for arranging a tab material on both sides of the abutting portion in the friction agitating step, and a tab for agitating the friction along the abutting portion between the tab material and the metal member. It is preferable to include a temporary material joining step. According to such a joining method, the setting of the insertion position and the separation position of the rotary tool is facilitated by using the tab material.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the present invention includes a pilot hole forming step in which a pilot hole is formed in advance at a position where a rotary tool that performs friction stirring is to be inserted in the friction stirring step. According to such a joining process, it is possible to reduce press-fit resistance when the rotary tool is pushed in. Thereby, while improving the precision of friction stir welding, a joining operation can be performed rapidly.

  The joining method according to the present invention can easily join the abutting portions of a pair of metal members, and can increase the strength, air tightness, and water tightness of the joined portions.

It is the perspective view which showed the structure which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the top view showing the structure concerning a first embodiment. It is the figure which showed the intermediate member which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a disassembled perspective view, (b) is a top view. It is the perspective view which showed the butt | matching process which concerns on 1st embodiment. (A) is the perspective view which showed the after-matching process which concerns on 1st embodiment, (b) is the perspective view which showed the groove part formation process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the tab material arrangement | positioning process which concerns on 1st embodiment. (A) is the side view which showed the small rotation tool, (b) is the side view which showed the large rotation tool. It is the top view which showed the groove part temporary joining process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the top view which showed the outer side final joining process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the side view which showed the welding process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the joint member insertion process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed the tab material arrangement | positioning process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the top view which showed the outer side temporary joining process which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is the figure which showed the outer side final joining process which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a top view, (b) is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of (a). (A) is the side view which showed the recessed part formation process which concerns on 2nd embodiment, (b) is the side view which showed the weld metal filling process which concerns on 2nd embodiment. (A) is the perspective view which looked at the structure concerning a third embodiment from the outside, (b) is the perspective view which looked at the structure concerning a third embodiment from the inside. It is the disassembled perspective view which showed the structure concerning 4th embodiment. (A) is the perspective view which showed the outer side final joining process of 4th embodiment, (b) is a partially transparent perspective view which showed the welding process of 4th embodiment. It is the side view which showed the conventional joining method.

[First embodiment]
The joining method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the joining method according to the present embodiment will be described taking as an example a cylindrical structure 1 formed by being surrounded by four wall members H1, H2, H3, and H4.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the structure 1 according to the present embodiment is a cylindrical body that includes a hollow portion that is substantially rectangular in cross-section and has a rectangular parallelepiped in appearance. The structure 1 includes corner members R1, R2, R3, and R4 constituting the four corners of the structure 1, and flat plates 11, 12, 13, and 14 interposed between the corner members R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. The side surfaces of each member are joined to each other. The corner members R1 to R4 and the flat plates 11 to 14 are made of a metal material that can be frictionally stirred, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy.

  The wall member H1 includes corner members R1 and R4 that are spaced apart from each other and a flat plate 11 that is disposed between the corner members R1 and R4. The wall member H2 includes corner members R1 and R2 that are spaced apart and a flat plate 12 that is disposed between the corner members R1 and R2. The wall member H3 includes corner members R2 and R3 that are spaced apart and a flat plate 13 that is disposed between the corner members R2 and R3. The wall member H4 includes corner members R3 and R4 that are spaced apart and a flat plate 14 that is disposed between the corner members R3 and R4.

The abutting portion J1 between one side surface of the corner member R4 and the other side surface of the flat plate 11 and the abutting portion J2 between the other side surface of the corner member R1 and one side surface of the flat plate 11 are rubbed from the outside and inside of the wall member H1. The tip side of each plasticizing region formed by friction stirring is overlapped and formed.
Similarly, the abutting portion J3 between one side surface of the corner member R1 and the other side surface of the flat plate 12, the abutting portion J4 between the other side surface of the corner member R2 and one side surface of the flat plate 12, and one of the corner member R2. The abutting portion J5 between the side surface and the other side surface of the flat plate 13 and the abutting portion J6 between the other side surface of the square member R3 and the one side surface of the flat plate 13 are friction-stirred from the outside and the inside of each wall member. The front end side of each plasticization area | region formed by stirring overlaps and is formed.

On the other hand, the abutting portion J7 between one side surface of the corner member R3 and the other side surface of the flat plate 14 and the abutting portion J8 between the other side surface of the corner member R4 and one side surface of the flat plate 14 are rubbed from the outside of the wall member H4. After stirring, welding is performed from the inside.
Hereinafter, the joining method of this embodiment will be described. Note that the intermediate member having a U-shaped cross-sectional view made up of the wall members H1, H2, and H3 is substantially the same as the conventional friction stir welding, and will be described briefly.

  The joining method according to this embodiment includes (1) an intermediate member joining step, (2) a butting step, (3) a groove portion forming step, (4) a groove portion temporary joining step, (5) a groove portion main joining step, and (6) welding. The process mainly includes a process, (7) a joint member insertion process, (8) an outer temporary joining process, and (9) an outer main joining process.

(1) Intermediate member joining step The intermediate member joining step is a step of forming the intermediate member 20 that is an intermediate member of the structure 1. In this embodiment, the intermediate member 20 is a member obtained by removing only the flat plate 14 from the structure 1 as shown in FIG. The intermediate member 20 includes a pair of opposing wall members H1, a wall member H3, and a flat plate 12 interposed between the wall member H1 and the wall member H3. The intermediate member joining step refers to a step of joining the flat plate 12, the wall member H1, and the wall member H3 after forming the wall member H1 and the wall member H3.

  The wall member H1 includes a corner member R4, a corner member R1, and a flat plate 11 interposed between the corner member R4 and the corner member R1. The abutting portion J1 between the one side surface of the corner member R4 and the other side surface of the flat plate 11 extends outside (outside the wall member H1) and inside (inside the wall member H1) over the entire length of the abutting portion J1. Are joined by friction stir. Moreover, the front end side of the plasticization area | regions W1 and W1 formed in the butt | matching part J1 overlaps. Thereby, since all the clearance gaps of the butt | matching part J1 can be friction-stirred, airtightness and watertightness can be improved. Similarly, the abutting portion J2 between the other side surface of the corner member R1 and the one side surface of the flat plate 11 is subjected to frictional stirring from outside and inside over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J2. The leading ends of the areas W2 and W2 overlap.

  The wall member H3 includes a corner member R2, a corner member R3, and a flat plate 13 interposed between the corner member R2 and the corner member R3. The abutting portion J5 between one side surface of the corner member R2 and the other side surface of the flat plate 13 extends outside (outside the wall member H3) and inside (inside the wall member H3) over the entire length of the abutting portion J5. Are joined by friction stir. Moreover, the front end side of the plasticization area | regions W5 and W5 formed in the butt | matching part J5 overlaps. Thereby, since all the clearance gaps of the butt | matching part J5 can be friction-stirred, airtightness and watertightness can be improved. Similarly, the abutting portion J6 between the other side surface of the corner member R3 and the one side surface of the flat plate 13 is subjected to frictional stirring from outside and inside over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J6. The leading ends of the regions W6 and W6 overlap.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the flat plate 12 is interposed between the corner member R1 of the wall member H1 and the corner member R2 of the wall member H3. The abutting portion J3 between the other side surface of the flat plate 12 and the one side surface of the corner member R1 is joined by friction stir from the outside and inside of the flat plate 12 (wall member H2) over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J3. ing. The tip ends of the plasticized regions W3 and W3 formed in the abutting portion J3 are overlapped. Thereby, since all the clearance gaps of the butt | matching part J3 can be friction-stirred, airtightness and watertightness can be improved. Similarly, the abutting portion J4 between the other side surface of the corner member R2 and the one side surface of the flat plate 12 is subjected to frictional stirring from the outside and inside of the wall member H2 over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J4. Thus, the tip ends of the plasticized regions W4 and W4 overlap.

An opening 21 into which the flat plate 14 is inserted is formed in a part of the intermediate member 20.
The intermediate member 20 is formed as described above in the present embodiment, but is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, although friction stirring was performed from both the outer side and the inner side of the intermediate member 20, welding may be performed from either side to friction stir each butt portion.

(2) Butting process In the butting process, as shown in FIG. 4, the flat plate 14 is inserted into the opening 21 (see FIG. 3B) of the intermediate member 20. The width of the flat plate 14 is formed substantially equal to the width of the opening 21. That is, when the flat plate 14 is inserted into the opening 21, the pair of side surfaces R3b, R4a appearing in the opening 21 and both side surfaces 14a, 14b of the flat plate 14 are brought into contact with each other. As shown in FIG. 4, an abutting portion J7 is formed on the abutting surface between the other side surface 14a of the flat plate 14 and the one side surface R3b of the corner member R3. On the other hand, an abutting portion J8 is formed on the abutting surface between one side surface 14b of the flat plate 14 and the other side surface R4a of the corner member R4.
The metal member formed by abutting the flat plate 14 and the corner member R4 is also referred to as a bonded metal member N hereinafter. Further, the outer surface of the metal member N to be joined is also referred to as an outer surface A, the inner surface as an inner surface B, one end surface as a first end surface C, and the other end surface as a second end surface D.

  In the abutting process, it is preferable to arrange a backing base 25 inside the intermediate member 20 as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. The backing table 25 is a member that supports the flat plate 14 from the inside of the intermediate member 20. The backing table 25 includes a first backing material 25a and a second backing material 25b that are spaced apart from each other, and a vertical member 25c that is erected between the first backing material 25a and the second backing material 25b. , 25c. The distance from the outer surface of the first backing material 25a to the outer surface of the second backing material 25b is substantially equal to the distance from the inner surface of the flat plate 12 to the inner surface of the flat plate 14 (see FIG. 2). Is formed. In the present embodiment, one backing stand 25 is provided for each of the abutting portions J7 and J8.

  In addition, (3) groove part formation process described below, (4) groove part temporary joining process, (5) groove part main joining process, (6) welding process, (7) joint member insertion process, (8) outer temporary joining process (9) The outer main joining step is a step performed on the abutting portion J7 and the abutting portion J8. Since the work contents are substantially the same for both abutting portions, the abutting portion J8 will be described as an example.

(3) Groove part formation process In a groove part formation process, the groove part K is formed in the outer surface A of the to-be-joined metal member N with respect to the abutting part J8. In the groove portion forming step, as shown in FIG. 5B, a groove portion K is formed by notching a predetermined width and depth along the abutting portion J8 using a known end mill or the like. In this embodiment, the groove portion K is formed in a rectangular shape in cross section, but may have other shapes.

(4) Groove Portion Temporary Bonding Step In the groove portion temporary bonding step, temporary bonding is performed using a small rotary tool to the abutting portion J8 that appears on the bottom surface of the groove portion K, as shown in FIG. The groove portion temporary joining step includes a tab material arranging step for placing a pair of tab members, a groove portion temporarily joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J8, and a lower hole for forming a pilot hole at a position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted. It includes a hole forming step.
Here, referring to FIG. 7, a small rotating tool F (hereinafter referred to as “small rotating tool F”) used for each friction stirring and a rotating tool G (hereinafter referred to as “small rotating tool F”) that is relatively larger than the small rotating tool F. The large rotary tool G ”) will be described in detail.

  The small rotary tool F shown in FIG. 7A is made of a metal material harder than the metal member N to be joined, such as tool steel, and protrudes into a shoulder portion F1 having a cylindrical shape and a lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1. A stirring pin (probe) F2 is provided. The size and shape of the small rotary tool F may be set according to the material and thickness of the metal member N to be joined, but at least smaller than the large rotary tool G (see FIG. 7B). . In this way, it is possible to perform friction stir welding with a smaller load than when the large rotary tool G is used, so it is possible to reduce the load applied to the friction stirrer, and further to the small rotary tool F. Since the moving speed (feeding speed) can be made higher than the moving speed of the large rotary tool G, the working time and cost required for the friction stir welding can be reduced.

The lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1 is a portion that plays a role of pressing the plastic fluidized metal and preventing scattering to the surroundings, and is formed in a concave shape in this embodiment. There is no particular limitation on the size of the outer diameter X ₁ of the shoulder portion F1, in this embodiment, is smaller than the outer diameter Y ₁ of the shoulder portion G1 of a large rotating tool G.

The stirring pin F2 hangs down from the center of the lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1, and is formed into a tapered truncated cone shape in this embodiment. In addition, a stirring blade engraved in a spiral shape is formed on the peripheral surface of the stirring pin F2. There is no particular limitation on the size of the outer diameter of the stirring pin F2, in the present embodiment, than the maximum outer diameter of the maximum outer diameter of the stirring pin G2 of (upper diameter) X ₂ is large rotating tool G (upper end diameter) Y ₂ It is small, and is smaller than the minimum outer diameter minimum outer diameter (bottom diameter) X ₃ is the stirring pin G2 (lower diameter) Y _3. The length L _A of the stirring pin F2 is smaller than the length L _B of the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G.

A large rotary tool G shown in FIG. 7B is made of a metal material harder than the metal member N to be joined, such as tool steel, and projects into a shoulder portion G1 having a cylindrical shape and a lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1. It comprises a stirring pin (probe) G2 provided.
The lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 is formed in a concave shape like the small rotary tool F. The stirring pin G2 hangs down from the center of the lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1, and is formed into a tapered truncated cone shape in this embodiment.

  In the tab material arranging step, a pair of tab materials are arranged on both end faces of J8. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32 are arranged so as to sandwich the butting portion J8, and the butting which appears on the first end surface C and the second end surface D, respectively. It has dimensions and shapes that can cover the part J8. In the present embodiment, the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32 are disposed on the first backing member 25a of the backing table 25. The surfaces of the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32 are formed substantially the same as the bottom surface of the groove K. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the material of the 1st tab material 31 and the 2nd tab material 32, In this embodiment, it forms with the metal material of the same composition as the to-be-joined metal member N. In addition, it is preferable to apply | coat a well-known mold release agent to the butt | matching surface of the 1st tab material 31 and the 2nd tab material 32, and the to-be-joined metal member N. FIG. Thereby, when cutting out tab material later, it can cut easily.

In the groove part temporary joining step, friction agitation is performed using the small rotary tool F along the abutting part J8 appearing on the bottom surface of the groove part K. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, is positioned a small rotary tool F immediately above the start position S _P1 provided in place of the first tab member 31, subsequently, is lowered while the right rotating the small rotary tool F stirring pin F2 pressed (see FIG. 7) to the starting position _{S P1.} When the entire stirring pin F2 enters the first tab member 31 and the entire lower end surface F11 of the shoulder portion F1 contacts the surface of the second tab member 32, the groove portion temporary joining step is performed while rotating the small rotary tool F. Relative movement toward the start point s1. When the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s1, the small rotary tool F is moved to the end point e1 of the groove temporary joining process without detaching the small rotary tool F at the start point s1. When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e1, the small rotary tool F is moved to the end position E _P1 without being released, and the small rotary tool F is released at the end position E _P1 .

Note that, when the stirring pin F2 of the small rotary tool F enters the abutting portion J8, a force acts to separate the bonded metal member N from the first tab material 31 and the second tab material 32, but the bonded metal member N And the corners formed by the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32 are temporarily joined by welding, so that there is a gap between the metal member N to be joined and the first tab member 31 and the second tab member 32. Opening can be prevented. End position of the groove provisional bonding step E _P1 is a start position S _M1 of the below-described groove the bonding step.

In the pilot hole forming step, as shown in FIG. 7B, the pilot hole P <b> 1 is formed at the friction stirring start position in the groove main joining step described later. That is, in the prepared hole forming step according to the present embodiment, the S _M1 that is set on the surface of the second tab member 32 to form a prepared hole P1.

  The pilot hole P1 is provided for the purpose of reducing the insertion resistance (press-fit resistance) of the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G. In this embodiment, when the stirring pin F2 of the small rotating tool F is detached. The formed hole n1 is formed by expanding the diameter with a drill (not shown) or the like. If the punched hole n1 is used, the process for forming the pilot hole P1 can be simplified, and the working time can be shortened. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the form of the pilot hole P1, In this embodiment, it is cylindrical. In addition, in this embodiment, although the pilot hole P1 is formed in the 2nd tab material 32, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the position of the pilot hole P1, and you may form in the 1st tab material 31, suitably, As in this embodiment, it is desirable to form on the extended line of the seam (boundary line) that appears on the bottom surface of the groove K.

(5) Groove part main joining process The groove part main joining process is a process of joining the abutting part J8 appearing on the bottom surface of the groove part K in earnest. In the groove main joining step according to the present embodiment, a large rotating tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the outer surface A side of the metal member N to be joined to the abutting portion J8 in a temporarily joined state.

The groove main bonding step, as shown in FIG. 9, the stirring pin G2 of the large rotating tool G insert (pressed) into the starting position S _M1, to the end position E _M1 without disengaging the stirring pin G2 that inserted in the middle Move. That is, in the groove main joining process, friction stirring is started from the pilot hole P1, and friction stirring is continuously performed up to the end position E _M1 .
In the present embodiment, the second tab member 32 is provided with the friction stirring start position S _M1 and the first tab member 31 is provided with the end position E _M1 . However, the positions of the start position S _M1 and the end position E _M1 are the same. It is not intended to limit.

The groove main joining process will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
First, the large rotary tool G is positioned immediately above the start position S _M1 (the pilot hole P1), and then the large rotary tool G is lowered while rotating clockwise to insert the tip of the stirring pin G2 into the pilot hole P1. When the entire stirring pin G2 enters the second tab member 32 and the entire lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 comes into contact with the surface of the second tab member 32, it is directed toward one end of the abutting portion J8 while performing frictional stirring. The large rotary tool G is moved relative to the butt portion J8. When the large rotary tool G is moved, the metal around the stirring pin G2 is plastically fluidized one after another, and at a position away from the stirring pin G2, the plastic fluidized metal is hardened again and becomes a plasticized region ( Hereinafter, “groove plasticization region W8”) is formed.

  When there is a possibility that the amount of heat input to the metal member N to be joined may be excessive, it is desirable to cool the large rotating tool G by supplying water from the bottom surface (outside surface A side) of the groove K. . In addition, when cooling water enters between the corner member R4 and the flat plate 14, there is a possibility that an oxide film is generated on the joining surface. In the present embodiment, the groove portion temporary joining step is performed to form the gap between the joined metal members N. Since the joint is closed, it is difficult for cooling water to enter between the metal members N to be bonded, and there is no possibility of deteriorating the quality of the bonded portion.

In the abutting portion J8 of the metal member N to be bonded, a friction agitation route is set on the movement trajectory on the joint of the metal member N to be bonded, and the large rotary tool G is relatively moved along the route. Friction stirring is continuously performed from one end of J8 to the other end. When the large rotary tool G is relatively moved to the other end of the abutting portion J8, it is relatively moved toward the end position E _{M1 as} it is while performing frictional stirring. When the large rotary tool G reaches the end position E _M1 , the large rotary tool G is raised while rotating, and the stirring pin G2 is detached from the end position E _M1 .

  As shown in FIG. 10, it is preferable that the groove plasticizing region W8 performs friction stirring over the entire length in the depth direction of the abutting portion J8. When the groove part main joining step is completed, the burrs and the like generated on the bottom surface of the groove part K are cut to form the bottom surface smoothly.

(6) Welding process A welding process is a process of welding along the butt | matching part J8 from the inner surface B side of the to-be-joined metal member N. FIG. In the welding process, as shown in FIG. 11, the backing table 25 is temporarily removed, and overlay welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed from the inside of the groove plasticizing region W8, and the weld metal T1 is formed along the abutting portion J8. Form. Overlay welding is performed to such an extent that the weld metal T1 protrudes from the inner surface B of the metal member N to be joined. Even if a notch (Kissing Bond) is formed inside the groove plasticizing region W8 by performing the welding process, the notch can be sealed, so that the bonding strength, water tightness and Airtightness can be increased. Further, even if the joint portion contracts by the groove main joining step and the corner member R4 and the flat plate 14 are not formed on the same plane, welding is performed from the inner side surface B side of the metal member N to be joined. The deformation due to the contraction can be corrected.

  In addition, it is preferable to cut part T1 'which protrudes from the inner surface B among the weld metal T1. Thereby, the inner surface B can be formed smoothly.

(7) Joint member insertion step The joint member insertion step is a step of inserting the joint member U into the groove K as shown in FIG. The width, depth, and length of the joint member U are formed with a metal having a composition equivalent to that of the metal member N to be joined, and are formed with dimensions substantially equivalent to the width, depth, and length of the groove K, respectively. Yes. That is, when the joint member U is inserted into the groove K, the surface of the joint member U and the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined are flush with each other, and both end surfaces of the joint member U It is formed flush with the one end face C and the second end face D. In the joint member inserting step, since the distortion of the metal member N to be joined is corrected by the above-described welding step, the bottom surface of the groove portion K is formed substantially horizontally. Thereby, the joint member U can be inserted suitably.

(8) Outer temporary joining step In the outer temporary joining step, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, along the abutting portion J8a between the flat plate 14 and the joint member U and the abutting portion J8b between the corner member R4 and the joint member U. Temporary joining is performed using a small rotating tool F. The outer temporary joining step in the present embodiment includes a tab material arranging step for arranging a pair of tab members, an outer temporary joining step for temporarily joining the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b using a small rotary tool F, It includes a pilot hole forming step of forming a pilot hole at a position where the large rotary tool G is to be inserted.

  In the tab material arranging step, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the first tab material 33 and the second tab material 34 are arranged on the first end surface C and the second end surface D of the metal member N to be joined. The 1st tab material 33 and the 2nd tab material 34 are arrange | positioned on both sides of the abutting part J8, the abutting part J8a, and the abutting part J8b, and each abutting part which appears on the 1st end surface C and the 2nd end surface D, respectively. It has dimensions and shape that can cover. In the present embodiment, the first tab member 33 and the second tab member 34 are disposed on the first backing member 25a of the backing table 25. The surfaces of the first tab member 33 and the second tab member 34 are formed substantially the same as the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the material of the 1st tab material 33 and the 2nd tab material 34, In this embodiment, it forms with the metal material of the same composition as the to-be-joined metal member N.

In the outer temporary joining step, friction agitation is performed using the small rotating tool F along the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b that appear on the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined. In the present embodiment, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, one stroke is drawn from the start position S _P2 set on the first tab member 33 to the end position E _P2 set on the first tab member 33. In this manner, the small rotary tool F is relatively moved to perform friction stirring.
That is, in the outer temporary joining step, the first tab material temporary joining step for joining the abutting portion J33 between the first tab member 33 and the metal member N to be joined, and the abutting portion J8a between the flat plate 14 and the joint member U are joined. The first outer temporary joining step, the second tab material temporary joining step for joining the abutting portion J34 of the second tab member 34 and the metal member N to be joined, and the abutting portion J8b of the corner member R4 and the joint member U are joined. A second outer temporary joining step.

In the first tab material temporary joining step, the small rotary tool F is pressed to the start position _SP2 set on the first tab material 33, and then the small rotary tool F is relatively moved to the start point s33 of the first tab material temporary joining step. . When the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s33, the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J33 to the end point e33 of the first tab material temporary joining step. When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e33, the small rotary tool F is temporarily moved into the first tab member 33 without being detached, and moved to the start point s14 of the first outer temporary joining step.

  In addition, when the small rotary tool F is rotated to the right, there is a possibility that a fine cavity defect may occur on the left side in the traveling direction of the small rotating tool F. It is desirable to set the positions of the start point s33 and the end point e33 of the first tab member temporary joining step so that the member N is positioned. This makes it difficult for a cavity defect to occur on the metal member N side to be joined, so that a high-quality joined body can be obtained.

  Incidentally, when the small rotary tool F is rotated counterclockwise, there is a possibility that a fine cavity defect may occur on the right side in the traveling direction of the small rotating tool F. It is desirable to set the positions of the start point and end point of the first tab material temporary joining step so that the member N is positioned. Specifically, although not shown, a starting point is provided at the position of the end point e33 when the small rotating tool F is rotated to the right, and an end point is provided at the position of the starting point s33 when the small rotating tool F is rotated to the right. Just do it.

  When the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s14 of the first outer temporary joining step, the process proceeds to the first outer temporary joining step as it is, and the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J8a. When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e14 of the first outer provisional joining process, it once enters the second tab material 34 and moves to the start point s34 of the second tab material provisional joining process. When the small rotary tool F reaches the start point s34, the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J34 to the end point e34 of the second tab material temporary joining step.

When the small rotary tool F reaches the end point e34, the small rotary tool F is moved to the start point sR4 of the second outer temporary joining step without detaching. When the small rotary tool F reaches sR4, the small rotary tool F is moved along the abutting portion J8b, and the process proceeds to the second outer temporary joining step as it is. When small rotary tool F reaches the end point eR4 the second outer temporary bonding step, as it is plunged into the first tab member 33, disengaging the small rotary tool F at the end position E _P2. Incidentally, the end position _{E P2} is also the starting position _{S M2} described later is outside the bonding step.

When the outer temporary joining step is completed, a pilot hole is formed using a punched hole (not shown) formed at the end position _EP2 . Since the pilot hole forming step is substantially the same as described above, the description thereof is omitted.

(9) Outer Main Joining Step The outer main joining step is a step of fully joining the abutting portions J8a and J8b appearing on the outer surface A of the metal member N to be joined. In the outer main joining step according to the present embodiment, a large rotating tool G is used, and friction stir is performed from the outer surface A side of the metal member N to be joined to the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b in a temporarily joined state. .

In the outer main joining step, as shown in FIG. 15A, the stirring pin G2 of the large rotary tool G is inserted into the start position _SM2, and the end position E _M2 is removed without removing the inserted stirring pin G2 halfway. To move. In the present embodiment, the first tab member 33 is provided with the friction stirring start position S _M2 and the end position E _M2 , but is not intended to limit the positions of the start position S _M2 and the end position E _M2 .

The outer main joining process will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b).
First, as shown in FIG. 15 (a), the large rotary tool G is positioned immediately above the pilot hole P1 (start position S _M2 ), and then the large rotary tool G is moved downward while being rotated to the stirring pin G2. Insert the tip of the into the pilot hole. When the entire stirring pin G2 enters the first tab member 33 and the entire lower end surface G11 of the shoulder portion G1 comes into contact with the surface of the first tab member 33, it is directed toward one end of the abutting portion J8b while performing friction stirring. The large rotary tool G is moved relative to the butt portion J8b. When the large rotary tool G is moved, the metal around the stirring pin G2 is plastically fluidized one after another, and at a position away from the stirring pin G2, the plastic fluidized metal is hardened again and becomes a plasticized region ( Hereinafter, “outer plasticized region W8 ′”) is formed.

Then, the large rotary tool G is reciprocated (two reciprocations in the present embodiment) so that the formed outer plasticizing region W8 ′ does not contact the abutting portion J34 and the abutting portion J33, along the abutting portion J8b and the abutting portion J8a. Stir friction continuously. Finally, the large rotating tool G is detached at the end position E _M2 set in the first tab member 33 through the abutting portion J33.
As shown in FIG. 15B, it is preferable that the front end side of the outer plasticized region W8 ′ is frictionally stirred so as to be in contact with the bottom surface of the groove K. With this configuration, friction stirring can be performed over the entire length in the depth direction of the abutting portion J8a and the abutting portion J8b. Moreover, since the interface between the lower surface of the joint member U and the bottom surface of the groove portion K can be frictionally stirred over the entire surface by reciprocating the large rotary tool G, the water tightness and the air tightness can be further improved. it can.
In addition, it is possible to prevent the oxide film of the abutting portion J34 and the abutting portion J33 from being caught by reciprocating the large rotary tool G so that the outer plasticized region W8 ′ does not contact the abutting portion J34 and the abutting portion J33.

  According to the joining method of the present embodiment described above, as shown in FIG. 11, friction stirring is performed from the outside of the metal member N (wall member H1) to the abutting portion J8 of the flat plate 14 and the corner member R4. After that, since welding is performed from the inside, the tensile strength of the joint portion is increased, and a notch (see FIGS. 20B and 20C) is formed on the tip side of the groove plasticizing region W8. Can also be hermetically sealed with the weld metal T1, thereby improving water tightness and air tightness. Moreover, according to welding, even if it is the structure 1 surrounded by the wall member on four sides like this embodiment, joining work can be performed comparatively easily from the inside.

  Moreover, it can seal over the full length of the depth direction of the butt | matching part J8 when the groove part plasticization area | region W8 and the weld metal T1 contact. Moreover, before each main joining of a groove part main joining process and an outer side main joining process, by performing each temporary joining process of a groove part temporary joining process and an outer side temporary joining process, the opening at the time of main joining of a butt | matching part is carried out. Can be prevented.

  In the joining method according to the present invention, the welding step is performed after the friction stirring step (groove portion joining step). Here, if the welding process is performed first, the amount of heat input in the welding process is larger than that in the friction stirring process, so that the deformation amount of the metal member to be joined may be increased. Therefore, it is preferable to perform a welding process after performing a friction stirring process.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, modifications can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the description of the other embodiments, the description overlapping the first embodiment is omitted.
For example, in the groove portion temporary bonding step, the temporary bonding step may be performed on the abutting portion between the metal member N to be bonded, the first tab material 31 and the second tab material 32 by the same process as the outer temporary bonding step. .
Further, for example, in the first embodiment, the joint member U is used for joining, but when the wall member of the metal member N to be joined has a large thickness, joining is performed using a plurality of joint members U and groove portions K. You may go. On the other hand, when the thickness of the metal member N to be joined is small, the joint member U is not used, and after the friction stirring is performed from the outside of the metal member N to be joined, welding is performed from the inside.

[Second Embodiment]
Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 16, prior to the above-described welding process, a concave portion K ′ is formed along the abutting portion J8 on the tip side of the groove plasticizing region W8 (inner side surface B of the metal member N to be joined). A recessed portion forming step, and a weld metal filling step of filling the recessed portion K ′ with the weld metal T2. According to this joining method, workability at the time of welding can be improved. Moreover, the inner surface B can be smoothly formed by cutting out the part which protrudes from the inner surface B of the to-be-joined metal member N among the weld metal T2. In the present embodiment, the recess K ′ is formed in a rectangular shape in cross section, but may have other shapes.

[Third embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 17, the joining method according to the third embodiment is such that a side face of one first metal member 1a and an end face of the other second metal member 1b are abutted to form an abutting portion J10. This is different from the first embodiment.
The joining method according to the present embodiment includes an outer main joining process in which friction stirring is performed on the abutting portion J10 and a welding process in which welding is performed on the corner I.

  In the welding process according to the present embodiment, the frictional stirring is performed from the outer surface A of the bonded metal member N1 formed from the first metal member 1a and the second metal member 1b, and then the corner I is covered. Welding is performed from the inner surface B side of the joining metal member N1. That is, the weld metal T3 is formed over the entire length of the abutting portion J10 that appears on the inner surface of the metal member N to be joined by welding. Thereby, even if the notch is formed in the corner I, since the notch can be sealed by welding, water tightness and air tightness can be improved. Further, as shown in FIG. 20 (c), even if one metal is warped due to shrinkage during joining, the warpage can be corrected by welding. Moreover, even when joining the corner I, the operation can be performed relatively easily by welding.

[Fourth embodiment]
As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the joining method according to the fourth embodiment is a first embodiment in that it includes a cylindrical member 10 a that has a cylindrical shape and a lid member 10 b that covers an end of the cylindrical member 10 a. It differs from the form. The joining method according to the present embodiment includes an outer main joining process in which friction agitation is performed on the abutting portion J11 and a welding process in which welding is performed on the corner I '.

The structure 60 according to this embodiment includes an abutting portion J11 formed by abutting the end of the cylindrical member 10a and one surface of the lid member 10b. In the outer main joining step, as shown in FIG. 19 (a), friction is caused by moving counterclockwise as viewed from the front side of the lid member 10b while rotating clockwise by the large rotary tool G along the abutting portion J11. Stir.
After performing the outer main joining process, as shown in FIG. 19B, welding is performed on the corner I ′ inside the structure 60. By forming the weld metal T3 on the corner I ', the strength of the joint can be increased, and the airtightness and watertightness can be increased. Moreover, according to the welding process, even if it is the cylindrical structure 60 which concerns on this embodiment, joining work can be performed comparatively easily.

  The large rotary tool G preferably moves counterclockwise as viewed from the front side of the lid member 10b. Thereby, since possibility that a defect will be made in the lid member 10b side is high, the airtightness and watertightness of the cylindrical member 10a can be improved. Moreover, in this embodiment, although the cylindrical member 10a and the cover member 10b are joined, you may join a pair of cylindrical members 10a.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Structure 11-14 Flat plate 31 Tab material 32 Tab material F Small rotation tool G Large rotation tool H1-H4 Wall member J Butting part K 'Recess P1 Pilot hole R1-R4 Square member T Weld metal W Plasticization area

Claims (8)

It is a joining method of a butt portion formed by abutting the side surface of one metal member and the end surface of the other metal member,
After forming a plasticized region on the outer surface side by performing a friction stirring step of performing friction stirring on the abutting portion from the outer surface side of the metal members,
A joining method comprising a welding step of performing weld welding by TIG welding or MIG welding from a corner of the metal members to the abutting portion, and forming a weld metal along the abutting portion. . In a structure that is configured by joining a plurality of metal members and surrounded by a plurality of wall members,
It is a joining method of a butt portion formed by abutting the side surface of one metal member and the end surface of the other metal member,
After forming a plasticized region on the outer surface side by performing a friction stirring step of performing friction stirring on the abutting portion from the outer surface side of the metal members,
A joining method comprising a welding step of performing weld welding by TIG welding or MIG welding from a corner of the metal members to the abutting portion, and forming a weld metal along the abutting portion. . In the structure formed by abutting a cylindrical member that exhibits a cylindrical shape and a lid member that covers an end of the cylindrical member,
It is a joining method of a butt portion formed by abutting one surface of a metal member of the lid member and an end portion of the metal member of the cylindrical member,
After forming a plasticized region on the outer surface side by performing a friction stirring step of performing friction stirring on the abutting portion from the outer surface side of the metal members,
A joining method comprising a welding step of performing weld welding by TIG welding or MIG welding from a corner of the metal members to the abutting portion, and forming a weld metal along the abutting portion. .   The joining method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plasticized region formed in the friction stirring step and the weld metal formed in the welding step are in contact with each other.   2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: a recess forming step for forming a recess along the abutting portion appearing in the corner portion before the welding step; and a weld metal filling step for filling the recess with a weld metal. The joining method according to claim 3.   4. The friction stir step includes a temporary joining step of performing temporary joining with a small rotating tool before performing the main joining step of performing main joining with a large rotating tool. The joining method according to any one of the above.   In the friction agitation step, a tab material arrangement step for arranging a pair of tab materials on both sides of the abutting portion, and a tab material temporary joining step for friction agitation along the abutting portion between the tab material and the metal member, The bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the bonding method is included.   The joining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the friction stir step includes a pilot hole forming step of forming a pilot hole in advance at a position where the rotary tool for friction stirring is to be inserted. Method.

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