JP2013054973A - Separator, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack, electronic apparatus, electric vehicle, electricity storage device, and electric power system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress a thermal decomposition reaction at a positive electrode, the thermal decomposition reaction being caused by large heat generation at a negative electrode in short circuit discharge or the like, and maintain insulation property between the positive electrode and the negative electrode even if a separator is melted.SOLUTION: In a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, a thermal absorption layer is arranged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The thermal absorption layer may be present between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and is formed on one side of a separator or at least one surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The thermal absorption layer is a layer containing an inorganic particle and a resin material, having a thermal capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J/Kcmor more and a thermal capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J/Kcmor less, and having a porous structure. By the thermal absorption layer present between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, heat generated at the negative electrode is absorbed, heat transfer from the negative electrode to the positive electrode is suppressed, and insulation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is maintained.

Description

  The present technology relates to a separator. The present technology also relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having a separator between electrodes, and a battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, power storage device, and electric power system using the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.

  In recent years, with the widespread use of portable information electronic devices such as mobile phones, video cameras, and notebook personal computers, these devices have been improved in performance, size, and weight. Disposable primary batteries and reusable secondary batteries are used as the power source for these devices, but they are non-aqueous due to a good balance of performance, size, weight, economy, etc. Demand for electrolyte batteries, particularly lithium ion secondary batteries, is growing. In addition, these devices have been further improved in performance and size, and further higher energy density is required for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries.

  Therefore, in order to significantly increase the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery, instead of the conventionally used carbon-based negative electrode active material, it is alloyed with lithium during charging, for example, as in Patent Document 1 below. It has been proposed to use a metal material or the like as the negative electrode active material. Specifically, silicon or tin, or a compound thereof has been proposed as a metal-based negative electrode active material. For example, it is known that tin (Sn) has a high theoretical capacity (about 994 mAh / g) as a negative electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, which greatly exceeds the theoretical capacity of graphite (about 372 mAh / g).

  On the other hand, when silicon, tin, or a compound thereof is used as the negative electrode active material, the current density per area increases and the calorific value accompanying discharge tends to increase. In addition, in power tools, electric vehicles, and the like, there are many cases where heat dissipation cannot catch up with heat generated by a large current discharge for a short time, and an increase in battery temperature is unavoidable. In particular, the amount of heat emitted from the negative electrode side is large when the battery is short-circuited or internal short-circuited, and this heat breaks the separator and further expands the short-circuit, or the positive electrode is heated to reach the thermal decomposition temperature. There is a risk of intense heat and gas being released. For this reason, there is an increasing demand for improved reliability when large amounts of energy are released, and there is a strong demand for lithium ion secondary batteries that combine high reliability for such tests with high capacity. Yes.

  On the other hand, it has been proposed to suppress the discharge reaction by shutting down the separator or to apply inorganic particles such as alumina to the separator surface as in Patent Document 2. It has also been proposed to apply inorganic particles such as alumina to the negative electrode surface. As a result, the insulation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is maintained and the expansion of the short circuit is prevented even during the abnormal heat generation exceeding the melting point of the separator, that is, the melting point or glass transition point of the resin material constituting the separator. Such a method has been proposed.

JP 2005-353582 A JP 2000-030686 A

  The separator shown in Patent Document 2 can be suitably used when a conventional carbon-based negative electrode active material is used. However, in lithium-ion secondary batteries and the like that can discharge a large current for electric vehicles, etc., the calorific value at the time of short circuit is remarkably large, and the electrode and the separator are in direct contact with each other. Immediately after the onset, the resin material constituting the separator is melted. As a result, a further short circuit may occur, or a large amount of heat may have already propagated to the positive electrode before thermal shutdown occurs before the shutdown becomes effective.

  Moreover, in order to improve the heat resistance of a separator, providing the layer which contains many inorganic particles, such as an alumina, between an electrode and a separator is also considered. However, inorganic particles such as alumina have high thermal conductivity, and from the viewpoint of preventing the heat generated in the negative electrode from being transmitted to the positive electrode side, the presence of a high-density inorganic particle layer has an adverse effect.

  The present technology has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the object of the present technology is to absorb heat generated by an electrode and prevent heat from being transmitted to other electrodes. It is to provide a separator having a layer. In addition, an object of the present technology is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having a heat absorption layer between a positive electrode and a negative electrode that absorbs heat generated by an electrode and prevents heat from being transmitted to another electrode. There is. Furthermore, an object of the present technology is to provide a battery pack, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, a power storage device, and a power system using a nonaqueous electrolyte battery.

In order to solve the above problems, a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology is formed on a base material composed of a porous film and at least one surface of the base material, and has a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more, and the heat capacity per unit volume, comprising the heat absorbing layer of the porous is 1.5 J / Kcm ³ below.

The nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology includes an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the separator is formed on a base material made of a porous film, and on at least one surface of the base material. And a porous heat absorption layer having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less.

The nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are opposed to each other through a separator made of a porous film, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode that are opposed to each other through the separator and the separator. And a porous heat absorption layer having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less. To do.

The nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology includes an electrode body facing a positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator made of a porous film,
The heat capacity per unit area provided between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode opposed via the separator is 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more, and the heat capacity per unit volume is 1.5 J / Kcm. A porous layer containing a resin material that is ³ or less is provided with a gel-like nonaqueous electrolyte in which a nonaqueous electrolyte is held.

  Moreover, the battery pack of this technique, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, an electrical storage apparatus, and an electric power system are provided with the above-mentioned nonaqueous electrolyte battery, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  In the present technology, since a separator having a heat absorption layer provided on at least one surface is used, for example, large heat generated in the negative electrode during short-circuit discharge can be absorbed by the heat absorption layer and not transmitted to the positive electrode. Even when the heat absorption layer is provided as a part of the separator, the same effect is obtained when the heat absorption layer is provided between at least one of the separator and the negative electrode and between the separator and the negative electrode.

  According to the present technology, large heat generated in the negative electrode is transmitted to the positive electrode, and the positive electrode can be prevented from causing a thermal decomposition reaction.

It is a sectional view showing the composition of the separator concerning a 1st embodiment of this art. It is a secondary electron image by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) which shows the structure of the surface layer of the separator which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this technique. It is a perspective view showing an example of a surface shape of a separator concerning a 1st embodiment of this art. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this technique. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of winding electrode body accommodated in the cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the square nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this technique. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the laminate film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this technique. It is sectional drawing showing the cross-sectional structure along the II line of the wound electrode body shown in FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the laminate film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery using a laminated electrode body. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the battery pack of the laminate film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this technique. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the battery cell of the battery pack shown in FIG. It is an expanded view which shows the structure of the battery cell of the battery pack shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the battery cell of the battery pack shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structural example of the battery pack by embodiment of this technique. It is the schematic which shows the example applied to the electrical storage system for houses using the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of this technique. It is a schematic diagram showing roughly an example of composition of a hybrid vehicle which adopts a series hybrid system to which this art is applied.

The best mode for carrying out the present technology (hereinafter referred to as an embodiment) will be described below. The description will be made as follows.
1. 1st Embodiment (example of separator of this technique)
2. Second Embodiment (Example of Cylindrical Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery Using Separator of Present Technology)
3. Third embodiment (an example of a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery using a separator of the present technology)
4). Fourth embodiment (an example of a laminate film type non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the separator of the present technology)
5. Fifth Embodiment (Example of a battery pack of a laminate film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery using a separator of the present technology)
6). Sixth Embodiment (Example of battery pack using non-aqueous electrolyte battery)
7). Seventh embodiment (an example of a power storage system using a nonaqueous electrolyte battery)

1. 1st Embodiment The separator which concerns on 1st Embodiment forms the heat absorption layer in the at least one surface of a base material. Hereinafter, the separator of the present technology will be described in detail.

(1-1) Separator Structure As shown in FIG. 1, the separator 1 according to the first embodiment includes a base material 2 made of a porous film and heat formed on at least one surface of the base material 2. An absorption layer 3. The separator 1 separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the battery, prevents a short circuit of current due to contact between the two electrodes, and is impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte. The heat absorption layer 3 of the separator 1 has an endothermic effect that absorbs heat generated in one electrode, and has a heat insulating effect that prevents the heat from being transmitted to the other electrode.

  The separator 1 of the present technology exhibits a particularly remarkable effect when applied to a battery in which a metal material or a metal alloy material is used as a negative electrode active material. In a negative electrode in which a metal material or a metal alloy material is used as the negative electrode active material, intense heat generation is likely to occur during short circuit discharge. Therefore, the separator 1 of the present technology exerts a remarkable effect of suppressing the thermal decomposition reaction of the positive electrode particularly in a battery using a metal-based material or a metal alloy-based material that easily generates intense heat as a negative electrode active material. To do. FIG. 1 is an example of the separator 1 in which the heat absorption layer 3 is formed on both surfaces of the base material 2. The separator 1 may be one in which the heat absorption layer 3 is formed on either the positive electrode-facing side surface or the negative electrode-facing side surface of the substrate 2.

[Base material]
The substrate 2 is a porous film composed of an insulating film having a high ion permeability and a predetermined mechanical strength. When the separator 1 is applied to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the nonaqueous electrolyte is held in the pores of the substrate 2. While the base material 2 has a predetermined mechanical strength as a main part of the separator 1, the base material 2 has a high resistance to a non-aqueous electrolyte, a low reactivity, and a property of being difficult to expand. Further, when used for an electrode body having a wound structure, flexibility is also required.

  For example, a polyolefin resin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, an acrylic resin, a styrene resin, a polyester resin, or a nylon resin is preferably used as the resin material that constitutes the base material 2. In particular, polyethylene such as low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and linear polyethylene, or their low molecular weight wax content, or polyolefin resin such as polypropylene is suitable because it has an appropriate melting temperature and is easily available. Moreover, it is good also as a porous film formed by melt-kneading the structure which laminated | stacked these 2 or more types of porous films, or 2 or more types of resin materials. Those containing a porous membrane made of a polyolefin resin are excellent in separability between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and can further reduce the decrease in internal short circuit.

  The thickness of the base material 2 can be arbitrarily set as long as it is equal to or greater than a thickness capable of maintaining a necessary strength. The base material 2 provides insulation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, prevents a short circuit and the like, and has ion permeability for suitably performing a battery reaction via the separator 1, and in the battery reaction in the battery. It is preferable to set the thickness so that the volume efficiency of the contributing active material layer can be as high as possible. Specifically, the thickness of the substrate 2 is preferably 7 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

  The porosity of the base material 2 is preferably 25% or more and 80% or less, and more preferably 25% or more and 40% or less in order to obtain the above-described ion permeability. Although depending on the current value during actual use of the battery and the characteristics and thickness of the pore structure of the base material 2, if the porosity decreases outside the above range, the ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte related to charge / discharge are reduced. This hinders movement. For this reason, the load characteristics are deteriorated and it is difficult to take out a sufficient capacity during large current discharge. In addition, when the porosity increases outside the above range, the separator strength decreases. In particular, in the separator 1 provided with the heat absorption layer 3 on the surface as in the present technology, the thickness of the base material 2 is designed to be thin by the thickness of the heat absorption layer 3, and the separator 1 as a whole has a thickness equivalent to that of a single layer separator. It is common to do. For this reason, the strength of the separator 1 is highly dependent on the strength of the base material 2, and the base material 2 requires a certain strength or more.

[Heat absorption layer]
The heat absorption layer 3 is formed on at least one surface of the substrate 2 and has a function of mainly absorbing heat generated in the negative electrode and preventing the heat generated in the negative electrode from being transmitted to the positive electrode. It is a quality layer. When the separator 1 is applied to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the nonaqueous electrolyte is held in the holes of the heat absorption layer 3. The heat absorption layer 3 contains a resin material having heat resistance and inorganic particles that function as heat absorption particles having excellent heat resistance and oxidation resistance. The heat absorption layer 3 is preferably provided with inorganic particles dispersed for the purpose of making it difficult to transmit heat. In the present technology, dispersion means a state in which inorganic particles or secondary inorganic particle groups are scattered without being connected, but some of the inorganic particles or secondary inorganic particle groups are connected. It may be in the state where it was done. That is, the state in which the inorganic particles are dispersed is preferable as the entire heat absorption layer 3.

  Since the heat absorption layer 3 has an ion transmission function, a non-aqueous electrolyte holding function, etc. as the separator 1, a large number of minute voids are formed on the whole, and has a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG. It may be. FIG. 2 is a secondary electron image obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showing the structure of the heat absorption layer 3. The heat absorption layer 3 preferably has a three-dimensional network structure in which the resin material constituting the heat absorption layer 3 is fibrillated and the fibrils are continuously connected to each other. The inorganic particles can be maintained in a dispersed state without being connected to each other by being supported on the resin material having the three-dimensional network structure.

Specifically, the heat-absorbing layer 3, in order to sufficiently absorb the heat generated at the negative electrode, the heat capacity per unit area is the 0.0002J / Kcm ² or more, that are 0.0003J / Kcm ² or more More preferred. In addition, the heat capacity per area is represented by the product of the mass of the inorganic particles per unit area and the specific heat of the inorganic particles. Moreover, when the heat absorption layer 3 is provided on both surfaces of the base material 2, the heat capacity per area is calculated based on the mass and specific heat of the inorganic particles existing on both surfaces of the base material 2 in a unit area.

  In addition, although the nonaqueous electrolyte solution hold | maintained at the heat absorption layer 3 also has a heat capacity, it may dissipate from the heat absorption layer 3 by the gas generation etc. by abnormal heat_generation | fever. For this reason, in the present technology, the heat capacity of the endothermic particles alone is defined as the heat capacity per area of the heat absorption layer 3.

Further, the heat absorption layer 3 has a heat capacity per volume of 1.5 / Kcm ³ or less and 1.2 J / Kcm ³ or less in order to make it difficult to transfer heat generated in the negative electrode to the positive electrode. preferable. The heat capacity per volume is represented by the product of the filling rate of inorganic particles per unit volume, the true density, and the specific heat, and is proportional to the packing density of inorganic particles on the substrate 2. By setting both the heat capacity per area and the heat capacity per volume within the above ranges, the heat generated in the negative electrode is absorbed by the heat absorption layer 3 and the heat absorbed by the heat absorption layer 3 is transferred to the positive electrode. It can be prevented from being transmitted.

Here, a heat capacity of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less per volume of the heat absorption layer 3 is a physical property when the separator 1 is formed. That is, when charging and discharging are performed after application to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the heat absorption layer 3 is crushed according to the expansion of the electrode and the like, and the heat capacity per volume increases. As a guide, when a separator 1 having a heat absorption layer 3 with a heat capacity of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ per volume and a thickness of 15 μm is used, it is generally after the first charge of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery, although it depends on the configuration of the heat absorption layer 3. The heat capacity per volume of the heat absorption layer 3 is about 1.6 J / Kcm ³ . Further, as the charge / discharge of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery progresses, the heat absorption layer 3 is crushed, and after 500 cycles of charge / discharge, the heat capacity per volume of the heat absorption layer 3 is about 1.9 J / Kcm ³ . In general, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries are shipped after being charged for the first time. By setting the heat capacity per volume of the heat absorption layer 3 of the separator 1 to 1.6 J / Kcm ³ or less at the time of shipment, propagation of heat between the electrodes can be suppressed.

In the present technology, in order to obtain the effect of the separator of the present technology during the use period of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the heat absorption layer 3 having a heat capacity per volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less is formed when the separator 1 is formed. By setting the heat capacity per volume to 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less in the state before the first charge, the heat capacity per volume at the first charge (shipment time) can be set to 1.6 J / Kcm ³ or less. In addition, even if the separator 1 is compressed as the cycle progresses, if the heat capacity per volume of the heat absorption layer 3 is in the range of 1.9 J / Kcm ³ or less, the “increase in the amount of heat conduction per area as the cycle progresses. "And" decrease in the amount of heat generated per area at the time of short circuit "are offset. As the cycle progresses, the heat absorption layer is compressed and the heat capacity per volume increases, and the heat conduction per area also increases. This is because the output (current) decreases due to the increase, and the heat generation amount per area decreases. For this reason, the safety of the entire battery is maintained.

  The higher the amount of the endothermic particles, the higher the endothermic effect can be obtained. However, a substance having a large heat capacity often has a high thermal conductivity, and if it is closely packed, heat from the negative electrode may be efficiently transmitted to the positive electrode. For this reason, the endothermic particles need to be dispersed sparsely in the heat absorption layer 3 to reduce the heat capacity per volume, and the endothermic particles need to be dispersed without being connected to each other.

Conventionally, for the purpose of improving the heat resistance and oxidation resistance of the separator, it has been proposed to form an inorganic particle-containing layer similar to the present technology on the surface. However, in the conventional method for forming an inorganic particle-containing layer in a separator, it has been difficult to realize an inorganic particle-containing layer having a low heat capacity per volume (1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less) as in the present technology. In the present technology, the heat absorption layer 3 having a low heat capacity per volume and hardly transferring heat is studied by examining a method of forming the heat absorption layer 3. A method for forming the heat absorption layer 3 will be described later.

  When the heat absorption layer 3 is provided on the negative electrode facing side surface of the substrate 2, the temperature rise in the vicinity of the separator 1 becomes moderate, and the time until the substrate 2 is melted after being shut down can be lengthened. For this reason, discharge reaction can be suppressed and heat generation can be suppressed. In the case where the heat absorption layer 3 is provided only on the negative electrode facing side surface, a layer having a flat surface and excellent heat resistance and oxidation resistance may be provided on the positive electrode facing side surface. When the full charge voltage of the battery is set to 4.25 V or higher, which is higher than before, the vicinity of the positive electrode may be in an oxidizing atmosphere during full charge. For this reason, the positive electrode facing side surface may be oxidized and deteriorated. In order to suppress this, a layer containing a resin material having particularly excellent properties with respect to heat resistance and oxidation resistance may be formed.

  On the other hand, when the heat absorption layer 3 is provided on the side surface facing the positive electrode of the base material 2, the inorganic particles maintain insulation between the positive electrode and the negative electrode even when the base material 2 is melted. In addition, the heat generated in the negative electrode can be absorbed and heat transfer to the positive electrode can be suppressed. For this reason, the time margin until the nonaqueous electrolyte solution at the interface between the negative electrode and the separator 1 evaporates and the discharge reaction stops can be created.

  And the separator 1 in which the heat absorption layer 3 was provided on both surfaces of the base material 2 can obtain both functions when the heat absorption layer 3 is provided on the negative electrode facing side surface and the positive electrode facing side surface of the base material 2. Therefore, it is particularly preferable.

  The heat absorption layer 3 may have a smooth surface or may have an uneven shape. As described above, the heat absorption layer 3 can have a configuration in which inorganic particles are sparsely dispersed as a whole of the heat absorption layer 3 by adjusting the thickness. On the other hand, the heat absorption layer 3 can also have a sparse configuration by making the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 uneven. When the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 has an uneven shape, the convex portions of the heat absorption layer 3 come into contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively, and the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be maintained. The convex portions of the heat absorption layer 3 have a heat absorption function and a heat insulation function between the positive electrode and the negative electrode without being connected to each other. Examples of the concavo-convex shape on the surface of the heat absorbing layer 3 include shapes such as a mottled shape shown in FIG. 3A, a lattice shape shown in FIG. 3B, a dot shape shown in FIG. 3C, and a pinhole shape shown in FIG.

  Examples of the resin material constituting the heat absorption layer 3 include fluorine-containing resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing rubbers such as vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. Styrene-butadiene copolymer and its hydride, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer and its hydride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and its hydride, methacrylate ester-acrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylic Acid ester copolymers, acrylonitrile-acrylic acid ester copolymers, rubbers such as ethylene propylene rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl Cellulose derivatives such as cellulose, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyamide (especially aramid), polyamideimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyether, acrylic resin or polyester Examples thereof include a resin having at least one of a melting point and a glass transition temperature of 180 ° C. or higher.

  As the inorganic particles constituting the heat absorption layer 3, it is preferable to use a material having a specific heat of 0.5 J / gK or more. This is because the endothermic effect is increased. In addition, since the amount (mass) of inorganic particles necessary for obtaining a heat capacity per predetermined area can be reduced, the amount (mass) of resin material supporting inorganic particles can also be reduced. Moreover, it is preferable to use a material with low thermal conductivity. This is because the effect of making it difficult to transfer heat from the negative electrode to the positive electrode is increased. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a material having a melting point of 1000 ° C. or higher. This is because the heat resistance can be increased.

Specific examples include metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and metal sulfides that are electrically insulating inorganic particles. Examples of the metal oxide include aluminum oxide (alumina, Al ₂ O ₃ ), magnesium oxide (magnesia, MgO), titanium oxide (titania, TiO ₂ ), zirconium oxide (zirconia, ZrO ₂ ), silicon oxide (silica, SiO _2). ) Or yttrium oxide (yttria, Y ₂ O ₃ ) or the like can be suitably used. As the metal nitride, silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), titanium nitride (TiN), or the like can be preferably used. As the metal carbide, silicon carbide (SiC) or boron carbide (B ₄ C) can be suitably used. As the metal sulfide, barium sulfate (BaSO ₄ ) or the like can be suitably used. Further, zeolite _{(M 2 / n O · Al} 2 O 3 · xSiO 2 · yH 2 O, M represents a metal element, x ≧ 2, y ≧ 0 ) porous aluminosilicates such as layered silicates, titanates Minerals such as barium (BaTiO ₃ ) or strontium titanate (SrTiO ₃ ) may be used. Among these, it is preferable to use alumina, titania (particularly those having a rutile structure), silica or magnesia, and more preferably alumina.

  These inorganic particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The inorganic particles also have oxidation resistance. When the heat absorption layer 3 is provided on the side surface of the positive electrode, the inorganic particles have strong resistance to an oxidizing environment in the vicinity of the positive electrode during charging. The shape of the inorganic particles is not particularly limited, and any of spherical, fibrous, and random shapes can be used, but it is particularly preferable to use spherical inorganic particles.

  From the viewpoint of the influence on the strength of the separator and the smoothness of the coated surface, the inorganic particles preferably have an average primary particle size of several μm or less. Specifically, the average particle size of the primary particles is preferably 1.0 μm or less, and more preferably 0.3 μm or more and 0.8 μm or less. Further, primary particles having an average particle diameter of 0.3 μm or more and 0.8 μm or less, primary particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm or more and 10 μm or less, or a group of particles in which primary particles are not dispersed, or an average particle diameter of 0 Primary particles such as .01 μm or more and 0.10 μm or less may be combined. By mixing inorganic particles having greatly different average particle diameters, it becomes easy to increase the drop of the uneven shape on the surface of the heat absorption layer 3. The average particle size of such primary particles can be measured by a method of analyzing a photograph obtained with an electron microscope with a particle size measuring instrument.

  When the average particle size of the primary particles of the inorganic particles exceeds 1.0 μm, the separator becomes brittle and the coated surface may become rough. In addition, when the heat absorption layer 3 containing inorganic particles is formed on the substrate 2 by coating, if the primary particles of the inorganic particles are too large, a portion where the coating liquid containing the inorganic particles is not applied, etc. The coated surface may be rough. On the other hand, when mixing and using inorganic particles having a large average particle size for primary particles having an average particle size of 0.3 μm or more and 0.8 μm, the drop of the uneven shape can be increased, The problem that the coated surface becomes rough can be reversed.

  The inorganic particles preferably have a mixing ratio with the resin material in a mass ratio of inorganic particles: resin material = 70: 30 to 98: 2. That is, in the heat absorption layer 3, the content of the inorganic particles is preferably 70% by mass or more and 98% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the inorganic particles and the resin material in the heat absorption layer 3. When the content of inorganic particles is small outside the above range, the thickness of the heat absorption layer 3 necessary for obtaining a predetermined heat capacity is increased, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of volume efficiency. Moreover, when there is much content of an inorganic particle out of the said range, the amount of resin materials which carry | support an inorganic particle will decrease, and formation of the heat absorption layer 3 will become difficult.

  Further, when a gel electrolyte (gel electrolyte) is used as the non-aqueous electrolyte, the gel electrolyte has a certain degree of strength, and therefore has a role of reinforcing the heat absorption layer 3. For this reason, when the gel electrolyte is provided, the content of the inorganic particles is not limited to the above range, and when the resin material of the heat absorption layer 3 and the resin material of the gel electrolyte are of the same type, Including the gel electrolyte resin material, the inorganic particles may be 50% by mass or more, and preferably 60% by mass or less and 95% by mass or less.

  The heat absorption layer 3 preferably has a thickness of 1.0 μm or more. When the thickness is less than 1.0 μm, sufficient tear strength cannot be obtained, and the effect of forming the heat absorption layer 3 is reduced. Moreover, the heat absorption layer 3 has a higher tear strength as the thickness increases, but the volumetric efficiency of the battery decreases. For this reason, it is preferable to select the thickness as required.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the porosity of the heat absorption layer 3 is equal to or higher than the porosity of the base material 2 so as not to hinder the ion permeation function, the nonaqueous electrolyte holding function, and the like of the base material 2. Moreover, as the heat absorption layer 3 of this technique, it is preferable that the porosity is 95% or less. Specifically, the porosity of the heat absorption layer 3 is preferably 45% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 59% or more and 93% or less, and further preferably 65% or more and 90% or less. preferable. When the porosity of the heat absorption layer 3 is small outside the above range, the ion permeability of the heat absorption layer 3 is lowered and the heat insulation effect between the electrodes of the present technology is reduced. Moreover, when the porosity of the heat absorption layer 3 is large outside the above range, the strength of the heat absorption layer 3 is lowered.

(1-2) Manufacturing method of separator Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the separator 1 which provided the heat absorption layer 3 is demonstrated.

(1-2-1) First manufacturing method of separator (manufacturing method by phase separation)
The resin material and the inorganic particles constituting the heat absorption layer 3 are mixed at a predetermined mass ratio, added to a dispersion solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the resin material is dissolved to obtain a resin solution. Subsequently, this resin solution is applied or transferred to at least one surface of the substrate 2. The resin solution is applied or transferred by adjusting the amount of inorganic particles per unit area so that the total heat capacity per unit area satisfies the present technology condition of 0.0002 J / Kcm 2 or more. Examples of a method for applying the resin solution include a method using a bar coater or the like. Examples of the method for transferring the resin solution include a method of applying the resin solution to the surface of a roller or the like having an uneven shape on the surface and transferring the resin solution to the surface of the substrate 2. Here, the surface shape of a roller or the like for transferring a resin solution having an uneven shape on the surface can be various shapes as shown in FIG.

  Subsequently, the base material 2 coated with the resin solution is immersed in a water bath to cause phase separation of the resin solution, thereby forming the heat absorption layer 3. The resin solution applied to the surface of the substrate 2 is brought into contact with water, which is a poor solvent for the resin material dissolved in the resin solution, and a good solvent for the dispersion solvent for dissolving the resin material, and finally Dry with hot air. Thereby, the separator 1 in which the heat absorption layer 3 made of a resin material having a three-dimensional network structure supporting inorganic particles on the surface of the substrate 2 can be obtained.

  By using such a method, the heat absorption layer 3 is formed by an abrupt poor solvent-induced phase separation phenomenon, and the heat absorption layer 3 has a structure in which a skeleton made of a resin material is connected in a fine three-dimensional network. That is, the resin material is dissolved, and the resin solution containing inorganic particles is brought into contact with a solvent such as water, which is a poor solvent for the resin material and a good solvent for the dispersion solvent for dissolving the resin material. And solvent exchange occurs. As a result, rapid (high speed) phase separation accompanied by spinodal decomposition occurs, and the resin material has a unique three-dimensional network structure.

  The heat absorption layer 3 produced in this way forms a unique porous structure by utilizing an abrupt poor solvent-induced phase separation phenomenon accompanied by spinodal decomposition by a poor solvent. Furthermore, this structure makes it possible to achieve excellent nonaqueous electrolyte impregnation and ionic conductivity.

In forming the heat absorption layer 3 of the present technology, in order to make the heat absorption layer 3 sparse and to have a heat capacity per volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less, in the first manufacturing method, Various adjustments can be made.

(I) Adjustment of solid content concentration in resin solution The resin solution adjusts the concentration of solid content (inorganic particles, resin material, and total amount) in the resin solution to a desired concentration. The smaller the solid content ratio in the resin solution, the more sparse the heat absorption layer 3 can be made.

(Ii) Adjustment of the surface shape of the heat absorption layer (in the case of application)
When a method of applying with a bar coater or the like is used as a method of applying the resin solution, a substantially uniform layer of the resin solution is formed on the substrate 2. Here, if necessary, an uneven shape may be provided on the surface of the layer of the resin solution. When providing an uneven shape on the surface of the resin solution layer, for example, the surface of the resin solution coated with mist-like water (poor solvent) is brought into contact. As a result, the part of the applied resin solution that is in contact with the mist-like water becomes concave, and the peripheral part is convex, so that the surface of the resin solution is deformed and a part that is in contact with water. The water and the dispersion solvent are replaced with each other, and the surface shape is fixed to a mottled surface. Then, the heat absorption layer 3 which has an uneven | corrugated shape on the surface can be formed by phase-separating the whole resin solution apply | coated by immersing the base material 2 which apply | coated the resin solution in the water bath.

(Iii) Adjustment of surface shape of heat absorption layer (in case of transfer)
When using a method of applying a resin solution to the surface of a roller or the like having an uneven shape on the surface and transferring the resin solution to the surface of the substrate 2, the smaller the area ratio of the convex portions, the more sparse the state. Can do. The area ratio of the protrusions can be adjusted by changing the uneven shape of the surface of the roller or the like. Moreover, it can be made a sparser state, so that the height of a convex part (height difference between a convex part and a recessed part) is large. The height of the convex part can be adjusted by the irregular shape of the surface of the roller or the like and the viscosity of the resin solution. The viscosity of the resin solution can be adjusted by the solid content ratio in the resin solution.

(Iv) Adjustment of conditions during phase separation of resin solution It is preferable to apply ultrasonic waves to the bath when the resin solution-coated substrate 2 is immersed in a water bath to cause phase separation of the resin solution. As the ultrasonic energy at this time increases, the heat absorption layer 3 after completion can be made more sparse. In addition, when phase-separating a resin solution, it is more preferable because an inorganic particle or a group of inorganic particles formed into secondary particles can be dispersed independently of each other by applying ultrasonic waves to the bath. Moreover, the state of the heat absorption layer 3 can also be controlled by adjusting the speed of phase separation. The speed of phase separation can be adjusted, for example, by adding a small amount of a dispersion solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to a solvent such as water that is a good solvent for the dispersion solvent used during phase separation. . For example, the greater the amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone mixed with water, the slower the phase separation rate, and the most rapid phase separation occurs when phase separation is performed using only water. The heat absorption layer 3 after completion can be made into a sparser state, so that the speed | rate of phase separation is slow.

  As the dispersion solvent used in the resin solution, any solvent that can dissolve the resin material of the present technology can be used. Examples of the dispersion solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene, acetonitrile, and the like. From the viewpoint of solubility and high dispersibility, N-methyl is used. It is preferable to use 2-pyrrolidone.

(1-2-2) Second manufacturing method of separator (manufacturing method by drying at high temperature)
The resin material constituting the heat absorption layer 3 and inorganic particles are mixed at a predetermined mass ratio, and added to a dispersion solvent such as 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone; MEK), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and dissolved. To obtain a resin solution. Subsequently, this resin solution is applied to at least one surface of the substrate 2. The resin solution is applied by adjusting the amount of inorganic particles per unit area so that the total heat capacity per unit area satisfies the present technology condition of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more.

  Subsequently, the base material 2 coated with the resin solution is dried by, for example, a method such as passing through a drying furnace to volatilize the dispersion solvent, and the heat absorption layer 3 is formed. At this time, it is preferable to set the temperature at the time of drying sufficiently high with respect to the dispersion solvent so that the dispersion solvent is vaporized and bubbles are generated in the resin solution. In the third manufacturing method, by generating bubbles in the resin solution in the drying step, bubbles are rapidly generated in the resin solution, the formed heat absorption layer 3 has a porous structure, and the inorganic particles It becomes the structure which was carry | supported and disperse | distributed to the resin material. Moreover, the surface of the heat absorption layer 3 can be made into the structure which has a mottled uneven | corrugated shape with the produced | generated bubble.

  When the heat absorption layer 3 is formed using such a method, it is preferable to use a porous aluminosilicate such as zeolite as the inorganic particles. This is because in the drying process, gas is generated from the pores of the inorganic particles, and a porous structure can be formed more effectively.

  The boiling point of 2-butanone which is an example of the dispersion solvent is 80 ° C. For this reason, when 2-butanone is used as the dispersion solvent, by setting the drying temperature to about 100 ° C., 2-butanone is vaporized and bubbles are generated in the resin solution. A drying temperature of about 100 ° C. is preferable because the substrate 2 is not damaged when the surface layer 3 is formed on the surface of the substrate 2. When drying a resin solution using 2-butanone as a dispersion solvent, the generated bubbles gather to form large bubbles, forming irregularities, and the resin solution thinly covers the surface of the substrate 2 again to cover the surface layer 3. Is formed. In addition, small bubbles generated in the resin solution realize a three-dimensional network structure of the resin material.

In forming the heat absorption layer 3 of the present technology, in order to make the heat absorption layer 3 sparse and to have a heat capacity per volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less, in the second manufacturing method, Adjustments can be made. The heat capacity per unit volume of the heat absorption layer 3 can be adjusted by changing drying conditions such as drying temperature and drying time in the drying step. That is, by raising the drying temperature in the drying step, more bubbles can be generated, and the heat absorption layer 3 after completion can be made sparser. Similarly, by increasing the drying time in the drying step, more bubbles can be generated, and the completed heat absorption layer 3 can be made sparser. However, if the drying temperature is too high or if the drying time is too long, the porosity of the low porosity layer 3a may become too high and the strength of the surface layer 3 may be insufficient. Further, when the drying temperature is too low or the drying time is too short, the generation of bubbles is small, and the porosity of the surface layer 3 cannot be made higher than the porosity of the substrate 2.

  The boiling point of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which is an example of a dispersion solvent, is about 200 ° C. For this reason, when N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used as the dispersion solvent, the drying temperature needs to be as high as over 200 ° C. For this reason, when the surface layer 3 is formed using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a dispersion solvent, the substrate 2 is made of a resin material having a melting point or thermal decomposition temperature higher than the boiling point of the dispersion solvent. It is essential. Further, as described later, when the surface layer 3 of the present technology is formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used as a dispersion solvent because the heat resistance of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is high. It may be used.

(1-2-3) Modification The heat absorption layer 3 of the present technology only needs to be present at the boundary between the base material 2 and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and is necessarily a part (surface layer) of the separator 1. There is no. That is, as another example of the present technology, it is also conceivable to use a separator having a conventional configuration (configuration including only the base material 2) and form a heat absorption layer on at least one of the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surface. When the heat absorption layer is formed on at least one of the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surface, the heat absorption layer 3 is always formed on at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode facing each other through one separator. In such a configuration, the second manufacturing method can be applied as a method for forming the heat absorption layer on the electrode surface.

  Each material constituting the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector is made of a material having heat resistance with respect to a temperature of about the boiling point of the dispersion solvent. The manufacturing method is suitable.

  Further, in a battery using a gel electrolyte layer that is a gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte, a predetermined amount of inorganic particles may be included in the gel electrolyte layer to serve also as a heat absorption layer. The gel electrolyte layer includes a non-aqueous electrolyte and a polymer compound that holds the non-aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, by applying a precursor solution containing inorganic particles together with a non-aqueous electrolyte and a polymer compound to the positive electrode and the negative electrode or the separator surface to form a gel electrolyte layer, An absorption layer can be formed.

2. Second Embodiment In a second embodiment, a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the separator according to the first embodiment will be described.

(2-1) Configuration of nonaqueous electrolyte battery [structure of nonaqueous electrolyte battery]
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 according to the second embodiment. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can be charged and discharged, for example. This non-aqueous electrolyte battery 10 is a so-called cylindrical type, and has a belt-like shape together with a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) (hereinafter appropriately referred to as a non-aqueous electrolyte) inside a substantially hollow cylindrical battery can 11. The positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 have a wound electrode body 20 wound with a separator 23 interposed therebetween. The wound electrode body 20 is easily subjected to tensile stress in the winding direction of the separator due to expansion and contraction of the active material layer. For this reason, it is preferable to apply the separator of the present technology to the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 having the wound electrode body 20.

  The battery can 11 is made of, for example, iron plated with nickel, and has one end closed and the other end open. Inside the battery can 11, a pair of insulating plates 12 a and 12 b are respectively arranged perpendicular to the winding peripheral surface so as to sandwich the winding electrode body 20.

  Examples of the material of the battery can 11 include iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (SUS), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and the like. The battery can 11 may be plated with nickel or the like, for example, in order to prevent corrosion due to the electrochemical non-aqueous electrolyte accompanying charging / discharging of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery 10. At the open end of the battery can 11, a battery lid 13 that is a positive electrode lead plate, and a safety valve mechanism and a thermal resistance element (PTC element: Positive Temperature Coefficient) 17 provided inside the battery lid 13 are insulated and sealed. It is attached by caulking through a gasket 18 for

  The battery lid 13 is made of, for example, the same material as that of the battery can 11 and has an opening for discharging gas generated inside the battery. In the safety valve mechanism, a safety valve 14, a disk holder 15, and a shut-off disk 16 are sequentially stacked. The protrusion 14 a of the safety valve 14 is connected to a positive electrode lead 25 led out from the wound electrode body 20 through a sub disk 19 disposed so as to cover a hole 16 a provided in the center of the shutoff disk 16. . By connecting the safety valve 14 and the positive electrode lead 25 via the sub disk 19, the positive electrode lead 25 is prevented from being drawn from the hole 16a when the safety valve 14 is reversed. Further, the safety valve mechanism is electrically connected to the battery lid 13 via the heat sensitive resistance element 17.

  In the safety valve mechanism, when the internal pressure of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 exceeds a certain level due to internal short circuit or heating from the outside of the battery, the safety valve 14 is reversed, and the protrusion 14a, the battery lid 13 and the wound electrode body 20 are reversed. The electrical connection with is disconnected. That is, when the safety valve 14 is reversed, the positive electrode lead 25 is pressed by the shut-off disk 16 and the connection between the safety valve 14 and the positive electrode lead 25 is released. The disc holder 15 is made of an insulating material, and when the safety valve 14 is reversed, the safety valve 14 and the shut-off disc 16 are insulated.

  Further, when further gas is generated inside the battery and the internal pressure of the battery further increases, a part of the safety valve 14 is broken and the gas can be discharged to the battery lid 13 side.

  In addition, for example, a plurality of vent holes (not shown) are provided around the hole 16a of the shut-off disk 16, and when gas is generated from the wound electrode body 20, the gas is effectively removed from the battery lid. It is set as the structure which can discharge | emit to 13 side.

  The resistance element 17 increases in resistance when the temperature rises, cuts off the current by disconnecting the electrical connection between the battery lid 13 and the wound electrode body 20, and generates abnormal heat due to an excessive current. To prevent. The gasket 18 is made of, for example, an insulating material, and the surface is coated with asphalt.

  The wound electrode body 20 accommodated in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 is wound around the center pin 24. The wound electrode body 20 is formed by sequentially laminating a positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 22 with a separator 23 interposed therebetween, and is wound in the longitudinal direction. A positive electrode lead 25 is connected to the positive electrode 21, and a negative electrode lead 26 is connected to the negative electrode 22. As described above, the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve 14 and is electrically connected to the battery lid 13, and the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to and electrically connected to the battery can 11.

  FIG. 5 shows an enlarged part of the spirally wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the positive electrode 21, the negative electrode 22, and the separator 23 will be described in detail.

[Positive electrode]
The positive electrode 21 is obtained by forming a positive electrode active material layer 21B containing a positive electrode active material on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21A. As the positive electrode current collector 21A, for example, a metal foil such as an aluminum (Al) foil, a nickel (Ni) foil, or a stainless steel (SUS) foil can be used.

  The positive electrode active material layer 21B includes, for example, a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder. As the positive electrode active material, any one or more of positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium can be used, and other materials such as a binder and a conductive agent can be used as necessary. May be included.

  As a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, for example, a lithium-containing compound is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained. Examples of the lithium-containing compound include a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element, and a phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element. Especially, what contains at least 1 sort (s) of the group which consists of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) as a transition metal element is preferable. This is because a higher voltage can be obtained.

As the positive electrode material, for example, a lithium-containing compound represented by Li _x M1O ₂ or Li _y M2PO ₄ can be used. In the formula, M1 and M2 represent one or more transition metal elements. The values of x and y vary depending on the charge / discharge state of the battery, and are generally 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 1.10 and 0.05 ≦ y ≦ 1.10. Examples of the composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element include lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li _x CoO ₂ ), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li _x NiO ₂ ), and lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide (Li _x Ni). _1-z Co _z O ₂ (0 <z <1)), lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide (Li _x Ni _(1-vw) Co _v Mn _w O ₂ (0 <v + w <1, v> 0, w > 0)), or lithium manganese composite oxide (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ) or lithium manganese nickel composite oxide (LiMn _2−t N _t O ₄ (0 <t <2)) having a spinel structure. . Among these, a complex oxide containing cobalt is preferable. This is because a high capacity can be obtained and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. Examples of the phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element include a lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO ₄ ) or a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound (LiFe _1-u Mn _u PO ₄ (0 <u <1). ) And the like.

Specific examples of such a lithium composite oxide include lithium cobaltate (LiCoO ₂ ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO ₂ ), and lithium manganate (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ). A solid solution in which a part of the transition metal element is substituted with another element can also be used. Examples thereof include nickel cobalt composite lithium oxide (LiNi _0.5 Co _0.5 O ₂ , LiNi _0.8 Co _0.2 O _2, etc.). These lithium composite oxides can generate a high voltage and have an excellent energy density.

  Furthermore, from the viewpoint that higher electrode filling properties and cycle characteristics can be obtained, composite particles in which the surfaces of particles made of any of the above lithium-containing compounds are coated with fine particles made of any of the other lithium-containing compounds can be used. Good.

In addition, examples of positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium include oxides such as vanadium oxide (V ₂ O ₅ ), titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), manganese dioxide (MnO ₂ ), and iron disulfide. (FeS ₂ ), disulfides such as titanium disulfide (TiS ₂ ) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ), and chalcogenides containing no lithium such as niobium diselenide (NbSe ₂ ) (particularly layered compounds and spinel compounds) ), Lithium-containing compounds containing lithium, and conductive polymers such as sulfur, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacetylene, or polypyrrole. Of course, the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium may be other than the above. Further, two or more kinds of the series of positive electrode materials described above may be mixed in any combination.

  As the conductive agent, for example, a carbon material such as carbon black or graphite is used. Examples of the binder include resin materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and these resin materials. At least one selected from a copolymer or the like mainly composed of is used.

  The positive electrode 21 has a positive electrode lead 25 connected to one end of the positive electrode current collector 21A by spot welding or ultrasonic welding. The positive electrode lead 25 is preferably a metal foil or a mesh-like one, but there is no problem even if it is not a metal as long as it is electrochemically and chemically stable and can conduct electricity. Examples of the material of the positive electrode lead 25 include aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni).

[Negative electrode]
The negative electrode 22 has, for example, a structure in which a negative electrode active material layer 22B is provided on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 22A having a pair of opposed surfaces. Although not shown, the negative electrode active material layer 22B may be provided only on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 22A. The anode current collector 22A is made of, for example, a metal foil such as a copper foil.

  The negative electrode active material layer 22B includes one or more negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium as the negative electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material layer 21B as necessary. Other materials such as a binder and a conductive agent similar to those described above may be included.

  In this nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10, the electrochemical equivalent of the negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium is larger than the electrochemical equivalent of the positive electrode 21, and theoretically, the negative electrode 22 is in the middle of charging. Lithium metal is prevented from precipitating.

Further, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 is designed such that an open circuit voltage (that is, a battery voltage) in a fully charged state is in a range of, for example, 2.80 V or more and 6.00 V or less. In particular, when a material that becomes a lithium alloy near 0 V with respect to Li / Li ^{+ is} used as the negative electrode active material, the open circuit voltage in the fully charged state is, for example, in the range of 4.20 V to 6.00 V. Designed to be In this case, the open circuit voltage in the fully charged state is preferably 4.25V or more and 6.00V or less. When the open circuit voltage in the fully charged state is 4.25 V or higher, the amount of lithium released per unit mass is increased even with the same positive electrode active material as compared to the 4.20 V battery. Accordingly, the amounts of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are adjusted. Thereby, a high energy density can be obtained.

  Examples of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, and fired organic polymer compounds And carbon materials such as carbon fiber and activated carbon. Of these, examples of coke include pitch coke, needle coke, and petroleum coke. An organic polymer compound fired body is a carbonized material obtained by firing a polymer material such as a phenol resin or a furan resin at an appropriate temperature, and part of it is non-graphitizable carbon or graphitizable carbon. Some are classified as: These carbon materials are preferable because the change in crystal structure that occurs during charge and discharge is very small, a high charge and discharge capacity can be obtained, and good cycle characteristics can be obtained. In particular, graphite is preferable because it has a high electrochemical equivalent and can provide a high energy density. Further, non-graphitizable carbon is preferable because excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. Furthermore, those having a low charge / discharge potential, specifically, those having a charge / discharge potential close to that of lithium metal are preferable because a high energy density of the battery can be easily realized.

  As another anode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium and capable of increasing the capacity, lithium can be inserted and extracted, and at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element can be used. Also included is a material containing as a constituent element. This is because a high energy density can be obtained by using such a material. In particular, the use with a carbon material is more preferable because a high energy density can be obtained and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. The negative electrode material may be a single element, alloy or compound of a metal element or metalloid element, or may have at least a part of one or more of these phases. In the present technology, the alloy includes an alloy including one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to an alloy composed of two or more metal elements. Moreover, the nonmetallic element may be included. Some of the structures include a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or two or more of them.

  Examples of the metal element or metalloid element constituting the negative electrode material include a metal element or metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium. Specifically, magnesium (Mg), boron (B), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), gallium (Ga), indium (In), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt) Can be mentioned. These may be crystalline or amorphous.

Examples of the negative electrode material include lithium titanate (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ). Further, the negative electrode material preferably includes a group 4B metal element or metalloid element in the short-period periodic table as a constituent element, more preferably at least one of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn). And particularly preferably those containing at least silicon. This is because silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) have a large ability to occlude and release lithium, and a high energy density can be obtained. Examples of the negative electrode material having at least one of silicon and tin include at least a part of a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of silicon, a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of tin, or one or more phases thereof. The material which has in is mentioned.

  As an alloy of silicon, for example, as a second constituent element other than silicon, tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), zinc ( One containing at least one of the group consisting of Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) and chromium (Cr) Can be mentioned. Examples of tin alloys include silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) as second constituent elements other than tin (Sn). , Zinc (Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) and chromium (Cr). Including.

  Examples of the tin (Sn) compound or silicon (Si) compound include those containing oxygen (O) or carbon (C). In addition to tin (Sn) or silicon (Si), the above-described compounds are used. Two constituent elements may be included.

  Among these, as the negative electrode material, cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), and carbon (C) are included as constituent elements, and the carbon content is 9.9 mass% or more and 29.7 mass% or less. And the SnCoC containing material whose ratio of cobalt (Co) with respect to the sum total of tin (Sn) and cobalt (Co) is 30 mass% or more and 70 mass% or less is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained in such a composition range, and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.

  This SnCoC-containing material may further contain other constituent elements as necessary. Examples of other constituent elements include silicon (Si), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), indium (In), niobium (Nb), germanium (Ge), titanium (Ti), and molybdenum. (Mo), aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), gallium (Ga) or bismuth (Bi) are preferable and may contain two or more. This is because the capacity or cycle characteristics can be further improved.

  This SnCoC-containing material has a phase containing tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), and carbon (C), and this phase has a low crystallinity or an amorphous structure. It is preferable. In this SnCoC-containing material, it is preferable that at least a part of carbon (C) as a constituent element is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element as another constituent element. The decrease in cycle characteristics is considered to be due to aggregation or crystallization of tin (Sn) or the like. However, the combination of carbon (C) with other elements suppresses such aggregation or crystallization. Because it can.

  As a measuring method for examining the bonding state of elements, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be cited. In XPS, the peak of the carbon 1s orbital (C1s) appears at 284.5 eV in an energy calibrated apparatus so that the peak of the gold atom 4f orbital (Au4f) is obtained at 84.0 eV if it is graphite. . Moreover, if it is surface contamination carbon, it will appear at 284.8 eV. On the other hand, when the charge density of the carbon element increases, for example, when carbon is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element, the C1s peak appears in a region lower than 284.5 eV. That is, when the peak of the synthetic wave of C1s obtained for the SnCoC-containing material appears in a region lower than 284.5 eV, at least a part of the carbon contained in the SnCoC-containing material is a metal element or a half of other constituent elements. Combined with metal elements.

  In XPS measurement, for example, the C1s peak is used to correct the energy axis of the spectrum. Usually, since surface-contaminated carbon exists on the surface, the C1s peak of the surface-contaminated carbon is set to 284.8 eV, which is used as an energy standard. In the XPS measurement, the waveform of the C1s peak is obtained as a shape including the surface contamination carbon peak and the carbon peak in the SnCoC-containing material. Therefore, by analyzing using, for example, commercially available software, the surface contamination The carbon peak and the carbon peak in the SnCoC-containing material are separated. In the waveform analysis, the position of the main peak existing on the lowest bound energy side is used as the energy reference (284.8 eV).

[Separator]
The separator 23 is the same as the separator 1 according to the first embodiment.

[Non-aqueous electrolyte]
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes an electrolyte salt and a nonaqueous solvent that dissolves the electrolyte salt.

The electrolyte salt contains, for example, one or more light metal compounds such as lithium salts. Examples of the lithium salt include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆ ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF ₄ ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO ₄ ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF ₆ ), lithium tetraphenylborate _{(LiB (C 6 H 5)} 4), methanesulfonic acid lithium (LiCH ₃ SO _3), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF ₃ SO _3), tetrachloroaluminate lithium (LiAlCl _4), six Examples thereof include dilithium fluorosilicate (Li ₂ SiF ₆ ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr). Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, and lithium hexafluoroarsenate is preferable, and lithium hexafluorophosphate is more preferable.

  Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include lactone solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, and ε-caprolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, Carbonate esters such as diethyl carbonate, ether solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and nitriles such as acetonitrile Nonaqueous solvents such as solvents, sulfolane-based solvents, phosphoric acids, phosphate ester solvents, and pyrrolidones are exemplified. Any one type of solvent may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.

  In addition, it is preferable to use a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate as the non-aqueous solvent, and it may contain a compound in which a part or all of the hydrogen of the cyclic carbonate or the chain carbonate includes a fluorination. preferable. Examples of the fluorinated compound include fluoroethylene carbonate (4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: FEC) and difluoroethylene carbonate (4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: DFEC) is preferably used. This is because even when the negative electrode 22 containing a compound such as silicon (Si), tin (Sn), or germanium (Ge) is used as the negative electrode active material, charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be improved. Of these, difluoroethylene carbonate is preferably used as the non-aqueous solvent. This is because the cycle characteristic improvement effect is excellent.

  Moreover, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may be held in a polymer compound to be a gel electrolyte. The polymer compound that holds the non-aqueous electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it absorbs the non-aqueous solvent and gels. For example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or vinylidene fluoride (VdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP). And a fluorine-based polymer compound such as a copolymer containing a repeating unit, an ether-based polymer compound such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or a crosslinked product containing polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polypropylene oxide (PPO) ) Or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a repeating unit. Any one of these polymer compounds may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used.

  In particular, from the viewpoint of redox stability, a fluorine-based polymer compound is desirable, and among them, a copolymer containing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene as components is preferable. Further, this copolymer is composed of unsaturated dibasic acid monoester such as maleic acid monomethyl ester (MMM), halogenated ethylene such as ethylene trifluorochloride (PCTFE), and unsaturated compound such as vinylene carbonate (VC). The cyclic carbonate ester or epoxy group-containing acrylic vinyl monomer may be included as a component. This is because higher characteristics can be obtained.

(2-2) Manufacturing method of nonaqueous electrolyte battery [Manufacturing method of positive electrode]
A positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder are mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture, and the positive electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to obtain a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry Is made. Next, the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to the positive electrode current collector 21A, the solvent is dried, and the positive electrode active material layer 21B is formed by compression molding with a roll press machine or the like, and the positive electrode 21 is manufactured.

[Production method of negative electrode]
A negative electrode active material and a binder are mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture, and the negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry. Next, the negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to the negative electrode current collector 22A, the solvent is dried, and the negative electrode active material layer 22B is formed by compression molding with a roll press or the like, thereby producing the negative electrode 22.

[Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte]
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is prepared by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a nonaqueous solvent.

[Assembly of non-aqueous electrolyte battery]
The positive electrode lead 25 is attached to the positive electrode current collector 21A by welding or the like, and the negative electrode lead 26 is attached to the negative electrode current collector 22A by welding or the like. Then, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound through the separator 23 of the present technology to form a wound electrode body 20. The tip of the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism, and the tip of the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11. Thereafter, the wound surface of the wound electrode body 20 is sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 and stored in the battery can 11. After the wound electrode body 20 is accommodated in the battery can 11, a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery can 11 and impregnated in the separator 23. After that, the safety valve mechanism including the battery lid 13 and the safety valve 14 and the heat sensitive resistance element 17 are fixed to the opening end of the battery can 11 by caulking through the gasket 18. Thereby, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10 of the present technology shown in FIG. 4 is formed.

  In the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 10, when charged, for example, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode active material layer 21 </ b> B and inserted into the negative electrode active material layer 22 </ b> B through the nonaqueous electrolyte impregnated in the separator 23. In addition, when discharging is performed, for example, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode active material layer 22B and inserted into the positive electrode active material layer 21B through the nonaqueous electrolytic solution impregnated in the separator 23.

<Effect>
In the cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the separator of the present technology, heat generation at the negative electrode, particularly heat generation at the negative electrode using a negative electrode active material containing at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element, is generated. In addition to being absorbed by the heat absorption layer, it can be insulated by the heat absorption layer. For this reason, the heat generation at the negative electrode is hardly transmitted to the positive electrode, and the thermal decomposition reaction of the positive electrode can be suppressed. Further, the insulating property can be maintained by the heat absorption layer even when the separator is melted by heat generation at a high temperature.

3. Third Embodiment In a third embodiment, a rectangular nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the separator according to the first embodiment will be described.

(3-1) Configuration of Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery FIG. 6 shows a configuration of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery 30 according to the third embodiment. This non-aqueous electrolyte battery is a so-called square battery, in which the wound electrode body 40 is accommodated in a rectangular outer can 31.

  The nonaqueous electrolyte battery 30 includes a rectangular tube-shaped outer can 31, a wound electrode body 40 that is a power generation element housed in the outer can 31, a battery lid 32 that closes an opening of the outer can 31, a battery An electrode pin 33 and the like provided at substantially the center of the lid 32 are used.

  The outer can 31 is formed as a hollow, bottomed rectangular tube with a conductive metal such as iron (Fe), for example. The inner surface of the outer can 31 is preferably configured to increase the conductivity of the outer can 31 by, for example, applying nickel plating or applying a conductive paint. The outer peripheral surface of the outer can 31 may be covered with an outer label formed of, for example, a plastic sheet or paper, or may be protected by applying an insulating paint. The battery lid 32 is formed of a conductive metal such as iron (Fe), for example, as with the outer can 31.

  The wound electrode body 40 is obtained by laminating a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed between them and winding them in an oval shape. Since the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are the same as those in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted. A gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte layer (gel electrolyte layer) in which a non-aqueous electrolyte is held in a polymer compound may be formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the separator.

  The wound electrode body 40 having such a configuration is provided with a number of positive terminals 41 connected to the positive current collector and a number of negative terminals connected to the negative current collector. All the positive terminals 41 and the negative terminals are led to one end of the spirally wound electrode body 40 in the axial direction. The positive terminal 41 is connected to the lower end of the electrode pin 33 by fixing means such as welding. Further, the negative electrode terminal is connected to the inner surface of the outer can 31 by fixing means such as welding.

  The electrode pin 33 is made of a conductive shaft member, and is held by an insulator 34 with its head protruding to the upper end. The electrode pin 33 is fixed to a substantially central portion of the battery lid 32 through the insulator 34. The insulator 34 is made of a highly insulating material and is fitted into a through hole 35 provided on the surface side of the battery lid 32. Further, the electrode pin 33 is passed through the through hole 35, and the tip end portion of the positive electrode terminal 41 is fixed to the lower end surface thereof.

  The battery lid 32 provided with such electrode pins 33 and the like is fitted into the opening of the outer can 31, and the contact surface between the outer can 31 and the battery lid 32 is joined by fixing means such as welding. Yes. Thereby, the opening part of the armored can 31 is sealed by the battery cover 32, and is comprised airtight and liquid-tight. The battery lid 32 is provided with an internal pressure release mechanism 36 that breaks a part of the battery lid 32 to release (release) the internal pressure to the outside when the pressure in the outer can 31 rises above a predetermined value. ing.

  The internal pressure release mechanism 36 includes two first opening grooves 36a (one first opening groove 36a not shown) linearly extending in the longitudinal direction on the inner surface of the battery lid 32, and the battery. The inner surface of the lid 32 includes a second opening groove 36b extending in the width direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and having both ends communicating with the two first opening grooves 36a. The two first opening grooves 36 a are provided in parallel to each other along the outer edge of the long side of the battery lid 32 in the vicinity of the inner side of the two long sides positioned so as to face the width direction of the battery lid 32. ing. Further, the second opening groove 36 b is provided so as to be positioned at a substantially central portion between one short side outer edge and the electrode pin 33 on one side in the longitudinal direction of the electrode pin 33.

  Both the first opening groove 36a and the second opening groove 36b have, for example, a V-shape in which the cross-sectional shape is opened on the lower surface side. The shapes of the first opening groove 36a and the second opening groove 36b are not limited to the V shape shown in this embodiment. For example, the shapes of the first opening groove 36a and the second opening groove 36b may be U-shaped or semicircular.

  The electrolyte injection port 37 is provided so as to penetrate the battery lid 32. The electrolyte inlet 37 is used to inject a non-aqueous electrolyte after the battery lid 32 and the outer can 31 are caulked, and is sealed by a sealing member 38 after the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected. The For this reason, when forming a wound electrode body by previously forming a gel electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the separator, the electrolyte solution inlet 37 and the sealing member 38 may not be provided.

[Separator]
The separator can have the same configuration as that of the separator 1 in the first embodiment.

[Non-aqueous electrolyte]
As the non-aqueous electrolyte, the one described in the second embodiment can be used. Moreover, you may use the gel electrolyte which hold | maintained the nonaqueous electrolyte solution to the high molecular compound as described in 2nd Embodiment.

(3-2) Manufacturing Method of Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery This nonaqueous electrolyte battery can be manufactured as follows, for example.

[Method for producing positive electrode and negative electrode]
The positive electrode and the negative electrode can be produced by the same method as in the second embodiment.

[Assembly of non-aqueous electrolyte battery]
A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator of the present technology are sequentially laminated and wound to produce a wound electrode body 40 that is wound in an oblong shape. Subsequently, the wound electrode body 40 is accommodated in the outer can 31.

  And the electrode pin 33 provided in the battery cover 32 and the positive electrode terminal 41 derived | led-out from the winding electrode body 40 are connected. Although not shown, the negative electrode terminal derived from the wound electrode body 40 and the battery can are connected. Thereafter, the battery can 31 and the battery lid 32 are fitted together, and, for example, a nonaqueous electrolyte is injected from the electrolyte inlet 37 under reduced pressure and sealed with a sealing member 38. As described above, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 30 can be obtained.

<Effect>
The third embodiment can obtain the same effects as those of the second embodiment.

4). Fourth Embodiment In the fourth embodiment, a laminated film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the separator according to the first embodiment will be described.

(4-1) Configuration of Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery FIG. 7 shows a configuration of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 according to the fourth embodiment. This non-aqueous electrolyte battery 62 is a so-called laminate film type, in which a wound electrode body 50 to which a positive electrode lead 51 and a negative electrode lead 52 are attached is housed in a film-like exterior member 60.

  The positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 are led out from the inside of the exterior member 60 to the outside, for example, in the same direction. The positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 are made of, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, copper, nickel, or stainless steel, and each have a thin plate shape or a mesh shape.

  The exterior member 60 is made of, for example, a laminate film in which resin layers are formed on both surfaces of a metal layer. In the laminate film, an outer resin layer is formed on the surface of the metal layer that is exposed to the outside of the battery, and an inner resin layer is formed on the inner surface of the battery facing the power generation element such as the wound electrode body 50.

  The metal layer plays the most important role in protecting the contents by preventing the ingress of moisture, oxygen and light, and aluminum (Al) is most often used because of its lightness, extensibility, price and ease of processing. The outer resin layer has a beautiful appearance, toughness, flexibility, and the like, and a resin material such as nylon or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used. Since the inner resin layer is a portion that melts and fuses with heat or ultrasonic waves, a polyolefin resin is appropriate, and unstretched polypropylene (CPP) is often used. An adhesive layer may be provided between the metal layer, the outer resin layer, and the inner resin layer as necessary.

  The exterior member 60 is provided with a recess that accommodates the wound electrode body 50 formed by, for example, deep drawing from the inner resin layer side toward the outer resin layer, and the inner resin layer serves as the wound electrode body 50. It is arrange | positioned so that it may oppose. The inner resin layers facing each other of the exterior member 60 are in close contact with each other by fusion or the like at the outer edge of the recess. Between the exterior member 60 and the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52, there is an adhesive film 61 for improving the adhesion between the inner resin layer of the exterior member 60 and the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 made of a metal material. Has been placed. The adhesion film 61 is made of a resin material having high adhesion to a metal material, and is made of, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, or a polyolefin resin such as modified polyethylene or modified polypropylene obtained by modifying these materials.

  The exterior member 60 may be made of a laminate film having another structure, a polymer film such as polypropylene, or a metal film, instead of the aluminum laminate film whose metal layer is made of aluminum (Al).

  FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional structure taken along line II of the spirally wound electrode body 50 shown in FIG. The wound electrode body 50 is obtained by laminating a positive electrode 53 and a negative electrode 54 via a separator 55 and a gel electrolyte 56 and winding them, and the outermost peripheral portion is protected by a protective tape 57 as necessary.

[Positive electrode]
The positive electrode 53 has a structure in which a positive electrode active material layer 53B is provided on one or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 53A. The configurations of the positive electrode current collector 53A and the positive electrode active material layer 53B are the same as those of the positive electrode current collector 21A and the positive electrode active material layer 21B of the second embodiment described above.

[Negative electrode]
The negative electrode 54 has a structure in which a negative electrode active material layer 54B is provided on one surface or both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 54A, and the negative electrode active material layer 54B and the positive electrode active material layer 53B are arranged to face each other. Yes. The configurations of the negative electrode current collector 54A and the negative electrode active material layer 54B are the same as those of the negative electrode current collector 22A and the negative electrode active material layer 22B of the second embodiment described above.

[Separator]
The separator 55 is the same as the separator 1 according to the first embodiment.

[Nonaqueous electrolyte]
The gel electrolyte 56 is a non-aqueous electrolyte, and includes a non-aqueous electrolyte and a polymer compound that serves as a holding body that holds the non-aqueous electrolyte, and has a so-called gel shape. A gel electrolyte is preferable because high ion conductivity can be obtained and battery leakage can be prevented. In the non-aqueous electrolyte battery 62 in the fourth embodiment, the same non-aqueous electrolyte as in the second embodiment may be used instead of the gel electrolyte 56.

(4-2) Manufacturing Method of Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery This nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 can be manufactured, for example, as follows.

[Method for producing positive electrode and negative electrode]
The positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 can be manufactured by the same method as in the second embodiment.

[Assembly of non-aqueous electrolyte battery]
A precursor solution containing a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, a polymer compound, and a mixed solvent is applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54, and the mixed solvent is volatilized to form a gel electrolyte 56. Thereafter, the positive electrode lead 51 is attached to the end of the positive electrode current collector 53A by welding, and the negative electrode lead 52 is attached to the end of the negative electrode current collector 54A by welding.

  Next, the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 on which the gel electrolyte 56 is formed are laminated through a separator 55 to form a laminated body, and then the laminated body is wound in the longitudinal direction, and the protective tape 57 is attached to the outermost peripheral portion. The wound electrode body 50 is formed by bonding. Finally, for example, the wound electrode body 50 is sandwiched between the exterior members 60, and the outer edges of the exterior members 60 are sealed and sealed by thermal fusion or the like. At that time, an adhesion film 61 is inserted between the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 and the exterior member 60. Thereby, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is completed.

  The nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 may be manufactured as follows. First, the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 are prepared as described above, and after the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 are attached to the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54, the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 are stacked via the separator 55 and wound. Rotate and adhere the protective tape 57 to the outermost periphery to form the wound electrode body 50. Next, the wound electrode body 50 is sandwiched between the exterior members 60, and the outer peripheral edge except for one side is heat-sealed to form a bag shape and stored inside the exterior member 60. Subsequently, an electrolyte composition containing a monomer that is a raw material for the polymer compound, a polymerization initiator, and other materials such as a polymerization inhibitor as necessary is prepared together with the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the exterior member 60 is prepared. Inject inside.

  After injecting the electrolyte composition, the opening of the exterior member 60 is heat-sealed and sealed in a vacuum atmosphere. Next, heat is applied to polymerize the monomer to form a polymer compound, thereby forming a gel-like gel electrolyte 56, and assembling the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 shown in FIGS.

  Further, in the case of using a non-aqueous electrolyte instead of the gel electrolyte 56 in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery 62, the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 are laminated and wound via the separator 55, and the protective tape 57 is attached to the outermost periphery. The wound electrode body 50 is formed by bonding. Next, the wound electrode body 50 is sandwiched between the exterior members 60, and the outer peripheral edge except for one side is heat-sealed to form a bag shape and stored inside the exterior member 60. Subsequently, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery 62 is assembled by injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte into the exterior member 60 and thermally sealing the opening of the exterior member 60 in a vacuum atmosphere.

(4-3) Other Examples of Laminated Film Type Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery In the fourth embodiment, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 in which the wound electrode body 50 is sheathed with the exterior member 60 has been described. As shown in FIG. 9C, a laminated electrode body 70 may be used instead of the wound electrode body 50. FIG. 9A is an external view of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 that houses the laminated electrode body 70. FIG. 9B is an exploded perspective view showing a state in which the laminated electrode body 70 is accommodated in the exterior member 60. FIG. 9C is an external view showing an external appearance from the bottom surface side of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 62 shown in FIG. 9A.

  The laminated electrode body 70 uses a laminated electrode body 70 in which a rectangular positive electrode 73 and a negative electrode 74 are laminated via a separator 75 and fixed by a fixing member 76. A positive electrode lead 71 connected to the positive electrode 73 and a negative electrode lead 72 connected to the negative electrode 74 are led out from the laminated electrode body 70, and the positive electrode lead 71, the negative electrode lead 72, and the exterior member 60 are in close contact with each other. A film 61 is provided.

  In addition, the formation method of the gel electrolyte 56 or the injection method of a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the heat fusion method of the exterior member 60 are the same as the case where the spirally wound electrode body 50 described in (4-2) is used.

<Effect>
In the fourth embodiment, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained.

5. Fifth Embodiment In the fifth embodiment, an example of a battery pack of a laminated film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the separator according to the first embodiment will be described.

  Hereinafter, a battery pack of a laminate film type nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, a wound electrode body covered with a hard laminate film and a soft laminate film is referred to as a battery cell, and a battery pack is formed by connecting a circuit board to the battery cell and fitting a top cover and a rear cover. Called. In the battery pack and the battery cell, the lead-out side of the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal is referred to as a top portion, the side facing the top portion is referred to as a bottom portion, and two sides excluding the top portion and the bottom portion are referred to as side portions. The length in the side portion-side portion direction is referred to as the width direction, and the length in the top portion-bottom portion direction is referred to as the height.

(5-1) Configuration of Battery Pack FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the battery pack 90 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of the battery cell 80. FIG. 12 is a top view and a side view showing a state in the middle of manufacturing the battery cell 80 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure in the battery cell 80.

  The battery pack 90 is, for example, a battery pack of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a square shape or a flat shape. As shown in FIG. 10, both ends are opened to form an opening, and a wound electrode is formed in the exterior material. The battery cell 80 in which the body 50 is accommodated, and the top cover 82a and the bottom cover 82b each fitted to the opening of the both ends of the battery cell 80 are provided. In addition, the wound electrode body 50 accommodated in the battery pack 90 can use the same wound electrode body 50 as in the fourth embodiment. From the battery cell 80, the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 connected to the wound electrode body 50 are led out from the fused portion of the exterior material via the adhesion film 61, and the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 are connected. Are connected to the circuit board 81.

  As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, the exterior material has a plate shape as a whole, and has a rectangular shape when viewed from the surface direction, and a length in the side portion direction from the hard laminate film 83. Consists of a soft laminate film 85 having a short rectangular shape. The opening at both ends of the battery cell 80 has a rectangular shape as a whole, and both short sides swell outwardly to form an elliptical arc.

  The battery cell 80 includes a soft laminate film 85 provided with a recess 86, a wound electrode body 50 accommodated in the recess 86, and a hard provided so as to cover the opening of the recess 86 that accommodates the wound electrode body 50. It consists of a laminate film 83. The hard laminate film 83 is set so that the short sides of both sides abut or face each other with a slight gap in a state in which the recess 86 in which the wound electrode body 50 is housed is wrapped. Further, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a cutout portion 84 may be provided on the long side of the top side of the hard laminate film 83. The notches 84 are provided so as to be located on both short sides when viewed from the front of the battery cell 80. By providing the notch portion 84, the top cover 82a can be easily fitted.

  Further, from the sealed portion where the hard laminate film 83 and the soft laminate film 85 are sealed, the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 electrically connected to the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 of the wound electrode body 50 respectively. Has been derived.

  The top cover 82a and the bottom cover 82b have shapes that can be fitted into openings at both ends of the battery cell 80. Specifically, when viewed from the front, the top cover 82a and the bottom cover 82b have a rectangular shape as a whole, and both short sides thereof are It swells to form an elliptical arc toward the outside. Note that the front indicates a direction in which the battery cell 80 is viewed from the top side.

[Exterior material]
As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, this exterior material covers a soft laminate film 85 provided with a recess 86 for housing the wound electrode body 50, and covers the recess 86 on the soft laminate film 85. And a hard laminate film 83 stacked on top of each other.

[Soft laminate film]
The soft laminate film 85 has the same configuration as that of the exterior member 60 in the fourth embodiment. In particular, the soft laminate film 85 is characterized in that a soft metal material such as annealed aluminum (JIS A8021P-O) or (JIS A8079P-O) is used as the metal layer.

[Hard laminate film]
The soft laminate film 85 has a function of maintaining the shape after bending and withstanding deformation from the outside. For this reason, a hard metal material such as aluminum (Al), stainless steel (SUS), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), or nickel (Ni) is used as the metal layer, and in particular, a hard material without annealing treatment. It is characterized in that aluminum (JIS A3003P-H18) or (JIS A3004P-H18) or austenitic stainless steel (SUS304) is used.

[Wound electrode body]
The wound electrode body 50 can have the same configuration as that of the fourth embodiment. Moreover, you may use the laminated electrode body 70 demonstrated in the other example of 4th Embodiment.

[Nonaqueous electrolyte, gel electrolyte]
The non-aqueous electrolyte injected into the battery cell 80 or the gel electrolyte formed on the surfaces of the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54 can have the same configuration as in the second embodiment.

[Separator]
As the separator 55, the separator 1 of the present technology can be used. Further, the base material 2 in the first embodiment may be a separator, and the heat absorption layer 3 may be provided on the surfaces of the positive electrode 53 and the negative electrode 54.

[Circuit board]
The circuit board 81 is one in which the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 of the wound electrode body 50 are electrically connected. The circuit board 81 is mounted with a protection circuit including a temperature protection element such as a fuse, a thermal resistance element (Positive Temperature Coefficient; PTC element), a thermistor, etc., and an ID resistor for identifying the battery pack. (For example, three) contact portions are formed. The protection circuit is provided with a charge / discharge control FET (Field Effect Transistor), an IC (Integrated Circuit) for monitoring the battery cell 80 and controlling the charge / discharge control FET, and the like.

  The heat-sensitive resistance element is connected in series with the wound electrode body, and when the temperature of the battery becomes higher than the set temperature, the electrical resistance increases rapidly and substantially blocks the current flowing through the battery. The fuse is also connected in series with the wound electrode body, and when an overcurrent flows through the battery, it is blown by its own current to cut off the current. In addition, a heater resistor is provided in the vicinity of the fuse. When an overvoltage is applied, the temperature of the heater resistor rises, so that the current is cut off.

  Further, when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 80 becomes higher than the charge prohibition voltage higher than the full charge voltage, the battery cell 80 may be in a dangerous state such as heat generation and ignition. For this reason, the protection circuit monitors the voltage of the battery cell 80, and when the battery cell 80 reaches the charge prohibition voltage, the charge control FET is turned off to prohibit charging. Furthermore, when the terminal voltage of the battery cell 80 is over-discharged to a voltage lower than the discharge inhibition voltage and the battery cell 80 voltage becomes 0 V, the battery cell 80 may be in an internal short circuit state and may not be recharged. For this reason, when the battery cell 80 voltage is monitored and the discharge inhibition voltage is reached, the discharge control FET is turned off to inhibit discharge.

[Top cover]
The top cover 82a is fitted into the top side opening of the battery cell 80, and a side wall for fitting into the top side opening is provided along part or all of the outer periphery of the top cover 82a. . The battery cell 80 and the top cover 82a are bonded by heat-sealing the side wall of the top cover 82a and the inner surface of the end of the hard laminate film 83.

  A circuit board 81 is accommodated in the top cover 82a. The top cover 82a is provided with a plurality of openings at positions corresponding to the contact portions so that the plurality of contact portions of the circuit board 81 are exposed to the outside. The contact portion of the circuit board 81 contacts the electronic device through the opening of the top cover 82a. Thereby, the battery pack 90 and the electronic device are electrically connected. Such a top cover 82a is produced in advance by injection molding.

[Bottom cover]
The bottom cover 82b is fitted into the bottom opening of the battery cell 80, and a side wall for fitting into the bottom opening is provided along a part or all of the outer periphery of the bottom cover 82b. . The battery cell 80 and the bottom cover 82b are bonded by heat-sealing the side wall of the bottom cover 82b and the inner surface of the end of the hard laminate film 83.

  Such a bottom cover 82b is produced in advance by injection molding. It is also possible to use a method in which the battery cell 80 is installed in a mold and a hot melt resin is poured into the bottom portion so as to be molded integrally with the battery cell 80.

(5-2) Battery pack manufacturing method

[Production of battery cells]
The wound electrode body 50 is accommodated in the recess 86 of the soft laminate film 85, and the hard laminate film 83 is disposed so as to cover the recess 86. At this time, the hard laminate film 83 and the soft laminate film 85 are disposed so that the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 and the inner resin layer of the soft laminate film 85 face each other. Thereafter, the hard laminate film 83 and the soft laminate film 85 are sealed along the periphery of the recess 86. The sealing is performed by using a metal heater head (not shown) and thermally fusing the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 and the inner resin layer of the soft laminate film 85 while reducing the pressure.

  When heat-sealing the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 and the inner resin layer of the soft laminate film 85 while reducing the pressure, a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected from one side that is not heat-sealed. Alternatively, the wound electrode body 50 may be formed by previously forming a gel electrolyte on both surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 13, the hard laminate film 83 is deformed so that the short sides of the hard laminate film 83 come into contact with each other. At this time, between the hard laminate film 83 and the soft laminate film 85, an adhesive film 87 made of a resin material having high adhesion to both the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 and the outer resin layer of the soft laminate film 85 is provided. insert. Subsequently, the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 and the outer resin layer of the soft laminate film 85 are heat-sealed by heating the one surface of the hard laminate film 83 where the short side seam is located with a heater head. Thus, the battery cell 80 is obtained. Instead of using the adhesive film 87, an adhesive layer made of a resin having high adhesiveness with the outer resin layer of the soft laminate film 85 may be provided on the surface of the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 and heat-sealed. Good.

[Production of battery pack]
Subsequently, after the positive electrode lead 51 and the negative electrode lead 52 led out from the battery cell 80 are connected to the circuit board 81, the circuit board 81 is accommodated in the top cover 82 a, and the top cover 82 a is opened on the top side of the battery cell 80. To fit. Further, the bottom cover 82 b is fitted in the bottom side opening of the battery cell 80.

  Finally, the fitting portions of the top cover 82a and the bottom cover 82b are heated by the heater head, respectively, and the top cover 82a and the bottom cover 82b and the inner resin layer of the hard laminate film 83 are heat-sealed. Thereby, the battery pack 90 is produced.

<Effect>
In the fifth embodiment, the same effects as those of the second embodiment can be obtained.

6). Sixth Embodiment In a sixth embodiment, a battery pack provided with a nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the separator according to the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration example when the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology is applied to a battery pack. The battery pack includes a switch unit 304 including an assembled battery 301, an exterior, a charge control switch 302a, and a discharge control switch 303a, a current detection resistor 307, a temperature detection element 308, and a control unit 310.

  In addition, the battery pack includes a positive electrode terminal 321 and a negative electrode terminal 322. During charging, the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode terminal 322 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the charger, respectively, and charging is performed. Further, when the electronic device is used, the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode terminal 322 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the electronic device, respectively, and discharge is performed.

  The assembled battery 301 is formed by connecting a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries 301a in series and / or in parallel. This nonaqueous electrolyte battery 301a is a nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology. In addition, in FIG. 14, although the case where the six nonaqueous electrolyte batteries 301a are connected to 2 parallel 3 series (2P3S) is shown as an example, in addition, n parallel m series (n and m are integers). As such, any connection method may be used.

  The switch unit 304 includes a charge control switch 302a and a diode 302b, and a discharge control switch 303a and a diode 303b, and is controlled by the control unit 310. The diode 302b has a reverse polarity with respect to the charging current flowing from the positive terminal 321 in the direction of the assembled battery 301 and the forward polarity with respect to the discharging current flowing from the negative terminal 322 in the direction of the assembled battery 301. The diode 303b has a forward polarity with respect to the charging current and a reverse polarity with respect to the discharging current. In the example, the switch portion is provided on the + side, but may be provided on the − side.

  The charge control switch 302 a is turned off when the battery voltage becomes the overcharge detection voltage, and is controlled by the charge / discharge control unit so that the charge current does not flow in the current path of the assembled battery 301. After the charge control switch is turned off, only discharging is possible through the diode 302b. Further, it is turned off when a large current flows during charging, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so that the charging current flowing in the current path of the assembled battery 301 is cut off.

  The discharge control switch 303a is turned off when the battery voltage becomes the overdischarge detection voltage, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so that the discharge current does not flow through the current path of the assembled battery 301. After the discharge control switch 303a is turned off, only charging is possible via the diode 303b. Further, it is turned off when a large current flows during discharging, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so as to cut off the discharging current flowing in the current path of the assembled battery 301.

  The temperature detection element 308 is, for example, a thermistor, is provided in the vicinity of the assembled battery 301, measures the temperature of the assembled battery 301, and supplies the measured temperature to the control unit 310. The voltage detection unit 311 measures the voltage of the assembled battery 301 and each non-aqueous electrolyte battery 301 a that constitutes the same, performs A / D conversion on the measured voltage, and supplies the voltage to the control unit 310. The current measurement unit 313 measures the current using the current detection resistor 307 and supplies this measurement current to the control unit 310.

  The switch control unit 314 controls the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a of the switch unit 304 based on the voltage and current input from the voltage detection unit 311 and the current measurement unit 313. The switch control unit 314 sends a control signal to the switch unit 304 when any voltage of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 301a becomes equal to or lower than the overcharge detection voltage or overdischarge detection voltage, or when a large current flows suddenly. To prevent overcharge, overdischarge and overcurrent charge / discharge.

Here, for example, when the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is a lithium ion secondary battery and a material that becomes a lithium alloy near 0 V with respect to Li / Li ⁺ is used as the negative electrode active material, the overcharge detection voltage is, for example, 4.20V ± 0.05V is determined, and the overdischarge detection voltage is determined to be, for example, 2.4V ± 0.1V.

  As the charge / discharge switch, for example, a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET can be used. In this case, the parasitic diode of the MOSFET functions as the diodes 302b and 303b. When a P-channel FET is used as the charge / discharge switch, the switch control unit 314 supplies control signals DO and CO to the gates of the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a, respectively. When the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a are P-channel type, they are turned on by a gate potential that is lower than the source potential by a predetermined value or more. That is, in normal charging and discharging operations, the control signals CO and DO are set to the low level, and the charging control switch 302a and the discharging control switch 303a are turned on.

  For example, during overcharge or overdischarge, the control signals CO and DO are set to a high level, and the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a are turned off.

  The memory 317 includes a RAM and a ROM, and includes, for example, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) that is a nonvolatile memory. In the memory 317, the numerical value calculated by the control unit 310, the internal resistance value of the battery in the initial state of each nonaqueous electrolyte battery 301a measured in the manufacturing process, and the like are stored in advance, and can be appropriately rewritten. is there. (In addition, by storing the full charge capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 301a, for example, the remaining capacity can be calculated together with the control unit 310.

  The temperature detection unit 318 measures the temperature using the temperature detection element 308, performs charge / discharge control during abnormal heat generation, and performs correction in the calculation of the remaining capacity.

7). Seventh Embodiment In the seventh embodiment, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to the second to fourth embodiments and the electronic apparatus equipped with the battery pack according to the fifth and sixth embodiments, electric Devices such as vehicles and power storage devices will be described. The nonaqueous electrolyte batteries and battery packs described in the second to fifth embodiments can be used to supply power to devices such as electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power storage devices.

  Examples of electronic devices include notebook computers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), mobile phones, cordless phones, video movies, digital still cameras, electronic books, electronic dictionaries, music players, radios, headphones, game consoles, navigation systems, Memory cards, pacemakers, hearing aids, power tools, electric shavers, refrigerators, air conditioners, TVs, stereos, water heaters, microwave ovens, dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, lighting equipment, toys, medical equipment, robots, road conditioners, traffic lights Etc.

  Further, examples of the electric vehicle include a railway vehicle, a golf cart, an electric cart, an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle), and the like, and these are used as a driving power source or an auxiliary power source.

  Examples of the power storage device include a power storage power source for buildings such as houses or power generation facilities.

  Below, the specific example of the electrical storage system using the electrical storage apparatus to which the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of this technique is applied among the application examples mentioned above is demonstrated.

  This power storage system has the following configuration, for example. The first power storage system is a power storage system in which a power storage device is charged by a power generation device that generates power from renewable energy. The second power storage system is a power storage system that includes a power storage device and supplies power to an electronic device connected to the power storage device. The third power storage system is an electronic device that receives power supply from the power storage device. These power storage systems are implemented as a system for efficiently supplying power in cooperation with an external power supply network.

  Further, the fourth power storage system includes an electric vehicle having a conversion device that receives power supplied from the power storage device and converts the power into a driving force of the vehicle, and a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device. It is. The fifth power storage system is a power system that includes a power information transmission / reception unit that transmits / receives signals to / from other devices via a network, and performs charge / discharge control of the power storage device described above based on information received by the transmission / reception unit. . The sixth power storage system is a power system that receives power from the power storage device described above or supplies power from the power generation device or the power network to the power storage device. Hereinafter, the power storage system will be described.

(7-1) Power Storage System in Residential House as Application Example An example in which a power storage device using a nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology is applied to a power storage system for a house will be described with reference to FIG. For example, in the power storage system 100 for the house 101, electric power is stored from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydroelectric power generation 102c through the power network 109, the information network 112, the smart meter 107, the power hub 108, and the like. Supplied to the device 103. At the same time, power is supplied to the power storage device 103 from an independent power source such as the home power generation device 104. The electric power supplied to the power storage device 103 is stored. Electric power used in the house 101 is fed using the power storage device 103. The same power storage system can be used not only for the house 101 but also for buildings.

  The house 101 is provided with a home power generation device 104, a power consuming device 105, a power storage device 103, a control device 110 that controls each device, a smart meter 107, and a sensor 111 that acquires various types of information. Each device is connected by a power network 109 and an information network 112. A solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used as the home power generation device 104, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 105 and / or the power storage device 103. The power consuming device 105 is a refrigerator 105a, an air conditioner 105b, a television receiver 105c, a bath 105d, and the like. Furthermore, the electric power consumption device 105 includes an electric vehicle 106. The electric vehicle 106 is an electric vehicle 106a, a hybrid car 106b, and an electric motorcycle 106c.

  The nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology is applied to the power storage device 103. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology may be constituted by, for example, the above-described lithium ion secondary battery. The smart meter 107 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company. The power network 109 may be one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.

  The various sensors 111 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by various sensors 111 is transmitted to the control device 110. Based on the information from the sensor 111, the weather condition, the human condition, etc. can be grasped, and the power consumption device 105 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control device 110 can transmit information regarding the house 101 to an external power company or the like via the Internet.

  The power hub 108 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion. The communication method of the information network 112 connected to the control device 110 includes a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transceiver), wireless communication such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi. There is a method of using a sensor network according to the standard. The Bluetooth method is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication. ZigBee uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.4. IEEE 802.15.4 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.

  The control device 110 is connected to an external server 113. The server 113 may be managed by any one of the house 101, the power company, and the service provider. The information transmitted and received by the server 113 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device in the home (for example, a television receiver), but may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, such as a television receiver, a mobile phone, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants).

  The control device 110 that controls each unit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 103 in this example. The control device 110 is connected to the power storage device 103, the home power generation device 104, the power consumption device 105, the various sensors 111, the server 113 and the information network 112, and adjusts, for example, the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation. It has a function. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.

  As described above, the electric power can be stored not only in the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power 102a, the nuclear power 102b, and the hydropower 102c but also in the home power generation device 104 (solar power generation, wind power generation) in the power storage device 103. it can. Therefore, even if the generated power of the home power generation device 104 fluctuates, it is possible to perform control such that the amount of power to be sent to the outside is constant or discharge is performed as necessary. For example, the electric power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 103, and midnight power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 103 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 103 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.

  In this example, the example in which the control device 110 is stored in the power storage device 103 has been described. However, the control device 110 may be stored in the smart meter 107 or may be configured independently. Furthermore, the power storage system 100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.

(7-2) Power Storage System in Vehicle as Application Example An example in which the present technology is applied to a power storage system for a vehicle will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 schematically shows an example of the configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present technology is applied. A series hybrid system is a car that runs on an electric power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power once stored in a battery.

  The hybrid vehicle 200 includes an engine 201, a generator 202, a power driving force conversion device 203, driving wheels 204a, driving wheels 204b, wheels 205a, wheels 205b, a battery 208, a vehicle control device 209, various sensors 210, and a charging port 211. Is installed. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present technology described above is applied to the battery 208.

  The hybrid vehicle 200 runs using the power driving force conversion device 203 as a power source. An example of the power driving force conversion device 203 is a motor. The electric power / driving force converter 203 is operated by the electric power of the battery 208, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force converter 203 is transmitted to the driving wheels 204a and 204b. In addition, by using a direct current-alternating current (DC-AC) or reverse conversion (AC-DC conversion) where necessary, the power driving force conversion device 203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor. The various sensors 210 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 209 and control the opening (throttle opening) of a throttle valve (not shown). The various sensors 210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.

  The rotational force of the engine 201 is transmitted to the generator 202, and the electric power generated by the generator 202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 208.

  When the hybrid vehicle 200 decelerates by a braking mechanism (not shown), the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the power driving force conversion device 203, and the regenerative electric power generated by the power driving force conversion device 203 by this rotational force is used as the battery 208. Accumulated in.

  The battery 208 can be connected to a power source external to the hybrid vehicle 200 to receive power supply from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received power.

  Although not shown, an information processing apparatus that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the nonaqueous electrolyte battery may be provided. As such an information processing apparatus, for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a battery remaining amount based on information on the remaining amount of the battery.

  In addition, the above demonstrated as an example the series hybrid vehicle which drive | works with a motor using the electric power generated with the generator driven by an engine, or the electric power once stored in the battery. However, the present technology is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle in which the engine and motor outputs are both driving sources, and the system is switched between the three modes of driving with only the engine, driving with the motor, and engine and motor. Applicable. Furthermore, the present technology can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.

  Hereinafter, the present technology will be described in detail by way of examples. In addition, this technique is not limited to the structure of the following Example.

<Example 1-1> to <Example 1-48> and <Comparative Example 1-1> to <Comparative Example 1-16>
In the following Example 1-1 to Example 1-48 and Comparative Example 1-1 to Comparative Example 1-16, using a separator in which the heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer and the heat capacity per unit volume were adjusted, The effect of this technology was confirmed.

<Example 1-1>
[Production of positive electrode]
A mixture of positive electrode active material lithium cobaltate (LiCoO ₂ ) 91% by mass, conductive material carbon black 6% by mass, and binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) 3% by mass. The positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a dispersion medium to obtain a positive electrode mixture slurry. This positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped aluminum foil having a thickness of 12 μm so that a part of the positive electrode current collector was exposed. Thereafter, the dispersion medium of the applied positive electrode mixture slurry was evaporated and dried, and compression-molded with a roll press to form a positive electrode active material layer. Finally, the positive electrode terminal was attached to the exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector to form the positive electrode.

[Production of negative electrode]
A negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing 85% by mass of silicon (Si) particles as a negative electrode active material, 10% by mass of carbon black as a conductive material, and 5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder. Then, this negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a dispersion medium to obtain a negative electrode mixture slurry. This negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 15 μm so that a part of the negative electrode current collector was exposed. Then, the dispersion medium of the apply | coated negative mix slurry was evaporated and dried, and the negative electrode active material layer was formed by compression molding with a roll press. Finally, the negative electrode terminal was attached to the exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector to form a negative electrode.

[Preparation of separator]
A polyethylene (PE) microporous film having a thickness of 9 μm and a porosity of 35% was used as the substrate. A heat absorption layer was formed on both sides of the substrate as follows. First, the mass ratio of alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ , specific heat 0.8 J / gK) having an average particle diameter of 0.3 μm as endothermic particles and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a resin material is 9: 1. And dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a resin solution. Subsequently, after applying this resin solution to both sides of the substrate with the same thickness and uniformity, the substrate coated with the resin solution is immersed in a water bath in which water is vibrated by ultrasonic waves to cause phase separation, and the resin solution N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in it was removed.

  Thereafter, the base material coated with the resin solution was passed through a dryer to remove water and residual NMP, and a separator in which the base material, a heat absorption layer made of a resin material and alumina were laminated was produced. .

At this time, the amount of alumina per unit area was adjusted by the coating thickness of the resin solution. Specifically, the thickness is adjusted so that the amount of alumina per unit area is 0.00075 g / cm ^{2 by} combining the front and back of the base material, and the total heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer is 0.0006 J / Kcm. ² (0.00075 [g / cm ² ] × 0.8 [J / gK]).

Moreover, the filling amount of alumina per unit volume was adjusted by the ultrasonic energy applied during the phase separation of the heat absorption layer and the solid content ratio of the resin solution. Specifically, the total thickness of the heat absorption layers on both sides of the substrate is 15 μm (0.00075 [g / cm ²⁾ so that the amount of alumina per unit volume is 0.5 g / cm ³ on both sides of the substrate. ] ÷ 0.5 [g / cm ³ ]), and the total heat capacity per unit volume of the heat absorption layer is 0.4 J / Kcm ³ (0.5 [g / cm ³ ] × 0.8 [J / GK]). Thereby, a separator provided with a heat absorption layer having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and a heat capacity per unit volume of 0.4 J / Kcm ³ was obtained.

  The thickness of the heat absorption layer after applying ultrasonic vibration becomes larger than the thickness when the resin solution is applied. By adjusting the energy of the ultrasonic wave, the heat capacity per unit volume can be adjusted while adjusting the thickness of the heat absorption layer after completion and keeping the heat capacity per unit area constant.

[Adjustment of non-aqueous electrolyte]
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆ ) as an electrolyte salt with respect to a non-aqueous solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 30:10:60 Was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / dm ³ to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.

[Assembly of cylindrical battery]
A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator having a heat-adsorbing layer formed on both sides are laminated in the order of the positive electrode, the separator, the negative electrode, and the separator, and are wound many times in the longitudinal direction, and then the winding end portion is fixed with an adhesive tape. Thus, a wound electrode body was formed. Next, the positive electrode terminal was bonded to the safety valve bonded to the battery lid, and the negative electrode lead was connected to the negative electrode can. After the wound electrode body was sandwiched between a pair of insulating plates and housed inside the battery can, a center pin was inserted into the center of the wound electrode body.

  Subsequently, a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected into the cylindrical battery can from above the insulating plate. Finally, a safety valve mechanism including a safety valve, a disk holder, and a shut-off disk, a PTC element, and a battery lid were sealed in the open portion of the battery can by caulking through an insulating sealing gasket. Thereby, a cylindrical battery shown in FIG. 4 having a diameter of 18 mm, a height of 65 mm (ICR18650 size), and a battery capacity of 3500 mAh was produced.

<Example 1-2> to <Example 1-7>
At the time of forming the heat absorption layer of the separator, the thickness of the heat absorption layer was adjusted by adjusting the intensity of the ultrasonic wave so that the heat capacity per unit volume of the heat absorption layer became the value shown in Table 1. . Thus, the thermal capacity per unit area is 0.0006J / Kcm ^2, the thermal capacity per unit volume, respectively ^{0.2J / Kcm 3, 0.3J / Kcm} 3, 1.0J / Kcm 3, 1.2J / kcm ³ and 1.3 J / kcm ³ and is heat absorption layer separator of example 1-2 to example 1-7 comprises a were produced. Cylindrical batteries of Example 1-2 to Example 1-7 were produced using each of these separators.

<Example 1-8> to <Example 1-12>
When the resin solution was applied to the substrate, the heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer was adjusted according to the thickness of the resin solution applied. Specifically, heat capacity, respectively 0.0002J / Kcm ² per unit area of the heat-absorbing ^{layer, 0.0003J / Kcm 2, 0.0010J /} Kcm 2, 0.0013J / Kcm 2, 0.0015J / Kcm 2 It was made to become. Subsequently, when forming the heat absorption layer of the separator, the thickness of the heat absorption layer is adjusted by adjusting the energy of the ultrasonic wave, and the heat capacity per unit volume of the heat absorption layer is 0.4 J / Kcm ³ . Thus, separators of Example 1-8 to Example 1-12 were produced. Cylindrical batteries of Examples 1-8 to 1-12 were produced using each of these separators.

<Example 1-13> to <Example 1-24>
When forming the negative electrode active material layer, a carbon tin composite material was used as the negative electrode active material instead of the silicon powder. The carbon-tin composite material contains tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), and carbon (C) as constituent elements, and the composition is tin content of 22% by mass, cobalt content of 55% by mass, carbon An SnCoC-containing material having a content of 23% by mass and a ratio of tin to the total of tin and cobalt (Co / (Sn + Co)) of 71.4% by mass was used.

  80% by mass of SnCoC-containing material powder as a negative electrode active material, 12% by mass of graphite as a conductive agent, and 8% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder were mixed to obtain a negative electrode mixture. Subsequently, the negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry. Cylindrical batteries of Example 1-13 to Example 1-24 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 to Example 1-12, except that this negative electrode mixture slurry was used.

<Example 1-25> to <Example 1-36>
When forming the negative electrode active material layer, lithium titanate (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ) was used as the negative electrode active material instead of silicon powder. A negative electrode mixture prepared by mixing 85% by mass of lithium titanate (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ) as a negative electrode active material, 10% by mass of graphite as a conductive agent, and 5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder. It was. Subsequently, the negative electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry. Cylindrical batteries of Example 1-25 to Example 1-36 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 to Example 1-12, except that this negative electrode mixture slurry was used.

<Example 1-37> to <Example 1-48>
At the time of forming the negative electrode active material layer, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material instead of silicon powder. 96% by mass of granular graphite powder having an average particle size of 20 μm as the negative electrode active material, 1.5% by mass of acrylic acid-modified product of styrene-butadiene copolymer as the binder, and 1.5% by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose as the thickener Were mixed to make a negative electrode mixture, and an appropriate amount of water was added and stirred to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry. Cylindrical batteries of Example 1-13 to Example 1-24 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 to Example 1-12, except that this negative electrode mixture slurry was used.

<Comparative Example 1-1>
A cylindrical battery of Comparative Example 1-1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 23 μm was used as a separator.

<Comparative Example 1-2>
Comparative Example 1-2 was carried out in the same manner as Example 1-1, except that a separator in which the coating amount of the resin solution was adjusted so that the heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer of the separator was 0.0001 J / Kcm ² was used. A cylindrical battery was prepared.

<Comparative Example 1-3>
A cylindrical battery of Comparative Example 1-3 was produced in the same manner as Example 1-1, except that a separator having a heat absorption layer formed without applying ultrasonic waves to the bathtub during phase separation was used. In Comparative Example 1-3, since no ultrasonic wave was applied when forming the heat absorption layer, the heat capacity per unit volume was not reduced, and the heat capacity per unit volume was 2.0 J / Kcm ³ .

<Comparative Example 1-4>
A separator in which the amount of the resin solution applied is adjusted so that the heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer of the separator is 0.0001 J / Kcm ^2, and the heat absorption layer is formed without applying ultrasonic waves to the bath during phase separation. A cylindrical battery of Comparative Example 1-4 was produced in the same manner as Example 1-1 except that was used. In Comparative Example 1-4, since no ultrasonic wave was applied when forming the heat absorption layer, the heat capacity per unit volume was not reduced, and the heat capacity per unit volume was 2.0 J / Kcm ³ .

<Comparative Example 1-5>
A cylindrical battery of Comparative Example 1-1 was produced in the same manner as Comparative Example 1-1 except that a carbon-tin composite material was used as the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode mixture slurry was configured in the same manner as in Example 1-13. did.

<Comparative Example 1-6> to <Comparative Example 1-8>
Comparative Example 1-6 was performed in the same manner as Comparative Example 1-2 to Comparative Example 1-4, except that a carbon-tin composite material was used as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode mixture slurry was configured in the same manner as in Example 1-13. -Cylindrical batteries of Comparative Examples 1-8 were produced.

<Comparative Example 1-9>
Comparative Example 1 was the same as Comparative Example 1-1 except that lithium titanate (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ) was used as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode mixture slurry had the same configuration as Example 1-25. 1 cylindrical battery was produced.

<Comparative Example 1-10> to <Comparative Example 1-12>
Comparative Example 1-2 to Comparative Example 1-4, except that lithium titanate (Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ) was used as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode mixture slurry had the same configuration as Example 1-25. Thus, cylindrical batteries of Comparative Example 1-10 and Comparative Example 1-12 were produced.

<Comparative Example 1-13>
A cylindrical battery of Comparative Example 1-1 was produced in the same manner as Comparative Example 1-1 except that graphite was used as the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode mixture slurry had the same configuration as in Example 1-37.

<Comparative Example 1-14> to <Comparative Example 1-16>
Comparative Example 1-14 to Comparative Example in the same manner as Comparative Example 1-2 to Comparative Example 1-4, except that graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode mixture slurry had the same configuration as Example 1-37. 1-16 cylindrical batteries were produced.

[Battery evaluation: Short circuit test]
About the produced cylindrical battery of each Example and each comparative example, the positive electrode and the negative electrode were electrically short-circuited outside the battery, and the exothermic temperature of the cylindrical battery was measured and the presence or absence of gas ejection was confirmed.
At the time of a short circuit, when the exothermic temperature of the cylindrical battery was 100 ° C. or less, it was judged to be in a safe state. In this case, due to the shutdown of the separator, the action of the safety valve mechanism of the cylindrical battery, the disconnection inside the battery, etc., the battery is heated up to 100 ° C. Will be reduced and no further danger will occur. If the maximum battery temperature is 80 ° C or less, the safety valve mechanism will work, but the separator will not shut down or the battery will not break, so the safety valve mechanism will remain in its normal state when the battery temperature drops. It is more preferable because the battery can be used continuously.

  Moreover, when gas spouted from the battery, it was judged to be in a dangerous state. Even if the shutdown of the separator, the action of the safety valve mechanism, the disconnection inside the battery, or the like occurs, if the positive electrode is remarkably overheated, the positive electrode undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction, and gas is ejected from the inside of the battery.

  Tables 1 and 2 below show the evaluation results.

As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, the heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer of the separator is 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and the heat capacity per unit volume is 1.5 J / Kcm ² or less. In 1-1 to Example 1-12, it was confirmed that the battery was in a safe state in the short-circuit test.

On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1-3 and unit area capacity per unit area of the heat absorbing layer of the separator is 0.0002J / Kcm ² less than Comparative Example 1-2, the thermal capacity per unit volume is greater than 1.5 J / Kcm ³ In Comparative Example 1-4 in which the heat capacity per unit and the heat capacity per unit volume deviate from the above range, it was found that the battery was in a dangerous state in the short circuit test.

<Example 2-1> to <Example 2-70> and <Comparative Example 2-1>
In Example 2-1 to Example 2-70 and Comparative Example 2-1, the effect of the present technology was confirmed by replacing the endothermic particles and the resin material constituting the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-1>
In the same manner as in Example 1-1, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ , specific heat 0.8 J / gK) as endothermic particles and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a resin material on a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 9 μm. ), The total thickness of heat capacity per unit area is 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and the total heat capacity per unit volume is 0.4 J / Kcm ^3. And a cylindrical battery using a silicon (Si) powder as a negative electrode active material.

<Example 2-2>
A cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that polyimide was used instead of polyvinylidene fluoride as the resin material used for the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-3>
A cylindrical battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that wholly aromatic polyamide (aramid) was used instead of polyvinylidene fluoride as the resin material used for the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-4>
A cylindrical battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that polyacrylonitrile was used instead of polyvinylidene fluoride as the resin material used for the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-5>
A cylindrical battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that polyvinyl alcohol was used instead of polyvinylidene fluoride as the resin material used for the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-6>
A cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that polyether was used instead of polyvinylidene fluoride as the resin material used for the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-7>
A cylindrical battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that an acrylic resin was used instead of polyvinylidene fluoride as the resin material used for the heat absorption layer of the separator.

<Example 2-8> to <Example 2-14>
Cylindrical cylinders similar to Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, respectively, except that zirconia (ZrO ₂ , specific heat 0.7 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. A type battery was produced. Note that zirconia and alumina have different specific heats, and the specific heat of zirconia is smaller than that of alumina. For this reason, in order to set the total heat capacity per unit area to 0.0006 J / Kcm ² , the amount of zirconia per unit area is larger than the amount of alumina per unit area of Example 2-1 to Example 2-7. It adjusted by doing.

Specifically, by zirconia per unit area and 0.00086g / cm ^2, the sum of the thermal capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer ^{0.0006J / Kcm 2 (0.00086 [g} / cm 2 ] × 0.7 [J / gK]). In the same manner, the heat capacity per unit area of the heat absorption layer was made constant by adjusting the coating amount of the endothermic particles in the same manner.

<Example 2-15> to <Example 2-21>
Except that yttria (Y ₂ O ₃ , specific heat 0.5 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator, the same as Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, respectively. Thus, a cylindrical battery was produced.

<Example 2-22> to <Example 2-28>
As Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, except that barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ , specific heat 0.8 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. Thus, a cylindrical battery was produced.

<Example 2-29> to <Example 2-35>
Except that strontium titanate (SrTiO ₃ , specific heat 0.8 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator, the same as Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, respectively. Thus, a cylindrical battery was produced.

<Example 2-36> to <Example 2-42>
Cylindrical cylinders similar to Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, respectively, except that silica (SiO ₂ , specific heat 0.8 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. A type battery was produced.

<Example 2-43> to <Example 2-49>
Implemented except that zeolite (Na ₁₂ [(AlO ₂ ) ₁₂ (SiO ₂ ) ₁₂ ] · 27H ₂ O, specific heat 1.0 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. Cylindrical batteries were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1 to Example 2-7.

<Example 2-50> to <Example 2-56>
As Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, except that barium sulfate (BaSO ₄ , specific heat 0.9 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. A cylindrical battery was produced.

<Example 2-57> to <Example 2-63>
Cylindrical cylinders similar to Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, respectively, except that titania (TiO ₂ , specific heat 0.8 J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. A type battery was produced.

<Example 2-64> to <Example 2-70>
Cylindrical type as in Example 2-1 to Example 2-7, except that magnesia (MgO, specific heat 1.0J / gK) was used instead of alumina as the endothermic particles used in the heat absorption layer of the separator. A battery was produced.

<Comparative Example 2-1>
A cylindrical battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 23 μm was used as a separator.

[Battery evaluation: Short circuit test]
About the produced cylindrical battery of each Example and each comparative example, the short circuit test was done like Example 1-1.

  Tables 3 and 4 below show the evaluation results.

As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, the heat absorption layer was prepared so that the total heat capacity per unit area was 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and the total heat capacity per unit volume was 0.4 J / Kcm ^3. In the cylindrical battery of each Example using a separator, the heat generation temperature in the short circuit test was as low as 80 ° C. or less, and the safety was high. On the other hand, in the separator having no heat absorption layer as described above, the cylindrical battery was in a dangerous state in the short circuit test.

<Example 3-1> to <Example 3-70> and <Comparative Example 3-1>
Example 3 was carried out in the same manner as Example 2-1 to Example 2-70 and Comparative Example 2-1, except that the same carbon-tin composite material as in Example 1-13 was used instead of silicon as the negative electrode active material. The cylindrical batteries of -1 to Example 3-70 and Comparative Example 3-1 were produced. Note that the negative electrode mixture slurry for forming the negative electrode active material layer had the same composition as in Example 1-13.

[Battery evaluation: Short circuit test]
About the produced cylindrical battery of each Example and each comparative example, the short circuit test was done like Example 1-1.

  Tables 5 and 6 below show the evaluation results.

As can be seen from Tables 5 and 6, the heat absorption layer was prepared so that the total heat capacity per unit area was 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and the total heat capacity per unit volume was 0.4 J / Kcm ^3. In the cylindrical battery of each example using a separator, even when a carbon tin composite material was used as the negative electrode active material, the heat generation temperature in the short-circuit test was as low as less than 80 ° C. and the safety was high. On the other hand, in the separator having no heat absorption layer as described above, the cylindrical battery was in a dangerous state in the short circuit test.

<Example 4-1> to <Example 4-70> and <Comparative Example 4-1>
In the same manner as in Example 2-1 to Example 2-70 and Comparative Example 2-1, except that lithium titanate similar to that in Example 1-25 was used instead of silicon as the negative electrode active material, Example 4- 1 to 4-cylindrical batteries of Example 4-70 and Comparative Example 4-1. The negative electrode mixture slurry forming the negative electrode active material layer had the same composition as in Example 1-25.

[Battery evaluation: Short circuit test]
About the produced cylindrical battery of each Example and each comparative example, the short circuit test was done like Example 1-1.

  Tables 7 and 8 below show the evaluation results.

As can be seen from Tables 7 and 8, the heat absorption layer was prepared so that the total heat capacity per unit area was 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and the total heat capacity per unit volume was 0.4 J / Kcm ^3. In the cylindrical battery of each example using a separator, even when lithium titanate was used as the negative electrode active material, the heat generation temperature in the short-circuit test was as low as less than 80 ° C. and the safety was high. On the other hand, in the separator having no heat absorption layer as described above, the cylindrical battery was in a dangerous state in the short circuit test.

<Example 5-1> to <Example 5-70> and <Comparative Example 5-1>
In the same manner as in Example 2-1 to Example 2-70 and Comparative Example 2-1, except that the same graphite as in Example 1-25 was used instead of silicon as the negative electrode active material, Example 5-1 Cylindrical batteries of Example 5-70 and Comparative Example 5-1 were produced. The negative electrode mixture slurry forming the negative electrode active material layer had the same composition as in Example 1-25.

[Battery evaluation: Short circuit test]
About the produced cylindrical battery of each Example and each comparative example, the short circuit test was done like Example 1-1.

  Table 9 and Table 10 below show the evaluation results.

As can be seen from Table 9 and Table 10, the heat absorption layer was prepared so that the total heat capacity per unit area was 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and the total heat capacity per unit volume was 0.4 J / Kcm ^3. In the cylindrical battery of each example using a separator, even when graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, the heat generation temperature in the short-circuit test was as low as less than 80 ° C. and safety was high. On the other hand, in the separator having no heat absorption layer as described above, the cylindrical battery was in a dangerous state in the short circuit test.

<Example 6-1> to <Example 6-60>
In Example 6-1 to Example 6-60, batteries were produced by changing the battery configuration, the negative electrode active material, and the position of the heat absorption layer of the separator, and the effects of the present technology were confirmed.

<Example 6-1>
A cylindrical battery similar to that of Example 1-1 was produced, and the cylindrical battery of Example 6-1 was obtained. That is, the battery configuration was a cylindrical outer can for the battery outer and silicon for the negative electrode active material. The separator has a heat of 7.5 μm (both sides: 15 μm) on one side made of alumina, which is an endothermic particle, and polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a resin material, on both sides of a 9 μm thick polyethylene microporous film. It was set as the structure which provided the absorption layer.

<Example 6-2>
Example 6-1 except that a separator provided with a heat absorption layer with a thickness of 15 μm on one side was used only on the positive electrode side surface of the polyethylene microporous film with a thickness of 9 μm (the surface facing the positive electrode during battery production). Similarly, a cylindrical battery was produced.

<Example 6-3>
Example 6-1 except that a separator provided with a heat absorption layer having a thickness of 15 μm on one side was used only on the negative electrode side surface (the surface facing the negative electrode when the battery was produced) of a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 9 μm. Similarly, a cylindrical battery was produced.

<Example 6-4> to <Example 6-6>
Example 6-4 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 6-1 to Example 6-3 except that a carbon-tin composite material was used as the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode mixture slurry had the same configuration as in Example 1-13. -Cylindrical batteries of Examples 6-6 were respectively produced.

<Example 6-7> to <Example 6-9>
Example 6-7 to Example 6-7 except that lithium titanate was used as the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode mixture slurry had the same configuration as that of Example 1-25. Cylindrical batteries of Examples 6-9 were produced.

<Example 6-10> to <Example 6-12>
Examples 6-10 to Examples similar to Example 6-1 to Example 6-3, except that graphite is used as the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode mixture slurry has the same configuration as that of Example 1-37. 6-12 cylindrical batteries were produced.

<Example 6-13>
A prismatic battery in which the respective configurations of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution were the same as in Example 6-1 was produced. That is, the battery configuration was such that the battery outer case was a square outer can and the negative electrode active material was silicon. The separator has a heat of 7.5 μm (both sides: 15 μm) on one side made of alumina, which is an endothermic particle, and polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a resin material, on both sides of a 9 μm thick polyethylene microporous film. It was set as the structure which provided the absorption layer. Hereinafter, a method for assembling the prismatic battery will be described.

[Assembly of square battery]
A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator with a heat-adsorbing layer formed on both sides are laminated in the order of the positive electrode, separator, negative electrode, and separator, wound in a flat shape many times in the longitudinal direction, and then the end of winding is adhered. A wound electrode body was formed by fixing with a tape. Next, as shown in the figure, the wound electrode body was accommodated in a rectangular battery can. Subsequently, after connecting the electrode pin provided on the battery lid and the positive electrode terminal derived from the wound electrode body, the battery can is sealed with the battery lid, and the nonaqueous electrolyte is injected from the electrolyte inlet. And sealed with a sealing member. Thus, a prismatic battery shown in FIG. 6 having a battery shape of 5.2 mm in thickness, 34 mm in width, 36 mm in height (523436 size), and a battery capacity of 1000 mAh was produced.

<Example 6-14> to <Example 6-24>
The prismatic batteries of Examples 6-14 to 6-24 were made in the same manner as in Examples 6-2 to 6-12, except that the battery configuration was the same as that of Example 6-13. Each was produced.

<Example 6-25>
The respective configurations of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution were the same as those in Example 6-1, and a laminated film type battery in which the laminated electrode body was packaged with a soft laminated film was produced. That is, the battery configuration was a laminate film for the battery exterior, a laminated type for the electrode body, and silicon for the negative electrode active material. The separator has a heat of 7.5 μm (both sides: 15 μm) on one side made of alumina, which is an endothermic particle, and polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a resin material, on both sides of a 9 μm thick polyethylene microporous film. It was set as the structure which provided the absorption layer. Hereinafter, a method for assembling the laminated film type battery will be described.

[Assembly of laminated film type battery]
A rectangular positive electrode and a negative electrode and a separator having a heat adsorption layer formed on both surfaces were laminated in the order of the positive electrode, the separator, the negative electrode, and the separator to form a laminated electrode body. Next, the laminated electrode body is covered with a laminate film having a soft aluminum layer, and the lead-out side of the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal around the laminated electrode body and the other two sides are heat-sealed to form a laminate film into a bag shape did. Subsequently, after injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte from an opening that was not heat-sealed, one side that was not heat-sealed under reduced pressure was heat-sealed and sealed, and sealed. Thus, a laminated film type battery shown in FIG. 9 having a battery shape of 5.2 mm in thickness, 34 mm in width, 36 mm in height (523436 size), and a battery capacity of 1000 mAh was produced.

<Example 6-26> to <Example 6-36>
The laminate film type of Example 6-26 to Example 6-26 is the same as Example 6-2 to Example 6-12 except that the battery configuration is the same as the laminate film type battery as in Example 6-25. Each battery was produced.

<Example 6-37>
The configuration of each of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte is the same as that of Example 6-1, and a laminate film type battery in which a gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte and a wound electrode body are packaged with a soft laminate film is produced. did. That is, the battery configuration was a laminate film for the battery exterior, a laminated type for the electrode body, and silicon for the negative electrode active material. The separator has a heat of 7.5 μm (both sides: 15 μm) on one side made of alumina, which is an endothermic particle, and polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a resin material, on both sides of a 9 μm thick polyethylene microporous film. It was set as the structure which provided the absorption layer. Hereinafter, a method for assembling the laminated film type battery will be described.

[Formation of gel electrolyte layer]
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆ ) as an electrolyte salt with respect to a non-aqueous solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and vinylene carbonate (VC) are mixed at a mass ratio of 49: 49: 2. Was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / dm ³ to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte. Subsequently, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) is used as the polymer compound that holds the non-aqueous electrolyte, similarly to the resin material constituting the heat absorption layer of the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte, polyvinylidene fluoride, and the plasticizer are used. A sol precursor solution was prepared by mixing with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Subsequently, the precursor solution was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and dried to remove the plasticizer. Thereby, a gel electrolyte layer was formed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[Assembly of laminated film type battery]
A positive electrode and a negative electrode on which both sides of the gel electrolyte layer are formed and a separator on which the heat-adsorbing layer is formed on both sides are laminated in the order of the positive electrode, the separator, the negative electrode, and the separator. Then, the wound electrode body was formed by fixing the winding end portion with an adhesive tape.

  Next, the wound electrode body is covered with a laminate film having a soft aluminum layer, and the lead-out side of the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal around the wound electrode body and the other two sides are heat-sealed under reduced pressure and sealed. Stopped and sealed. As a result, a laminated film type battery shown in FIG. 7 having a battery shape of 5.2 mm in thickness, 34 mm in width, 36 mm in height (523436 size), and a battery capacity of 1000 mAh was produced.

<Example 6-38> to <Example 6-48>
The laminated film type of Examples 6-38 to 6-48 is the same as Example 6-2 to Example 6-12, except that the battery configuration is the same as the laminated film type battery as in Example 6-25. Each battery was produced.

<Example 6-49>
The configuration of each of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte is the same as that of Example 6-1, and a laminate film type battery in which a gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte and a wound electrode body are packaged with a soft laminate film is produced. did. That is, the battery configuration was a laminate film for the battery exterior, a flat wound type for the electrode body, and silicon for the negative electrode active material. The separator has a heat of 7.5 μm (both sides: 15 μm) on one side made of alumina, which is an endothermic particle, and polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a resin material, on both sides of a 9 μm thick polyethylene microporous film. It was set as the structure which provided the absorption layer. Hereinafter, a method for assembling the laminated film type battery will be described.

[Assembly of laminated film type battery]
A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator with a heat-adsorbing layer formed on both sides are laminated in the order of the positive electrode, separator, negative electrode, and separator, wound in a flat shape many times in the longitudinal direction, and then the end of winding is adhered. A wound electrode body was formed by fixing with a tape. At this time, the both surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode were coated with a nonaqueous electrolyte formed into a gel by holding a nonaqueous electrolyte in a polymer material.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the wound electrode body is covered with a soft laminate film having a soft aluminum layer and a hard laminate film having a hard aluminum layer, and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal around the wound electrode body are covered. The lead-out side and the other three sides were heat-sealed under reduced pressure and sealed and sealed. After that, both ends of the hard laminate film are molded into an elliptical cross section so that the short sides of the hard laminate film are in contact with each other, and the opposing portions of the hard laminate film and the soft laminate film are attached to the battery cell. did. Subsequently, the positive electrode lead connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode lead connected to the negative electrode were connected to the circuit board, and the circuit board was accommodated in the top cover. Finally, the top cover and the bottom cover are respectively inserted and adhered to the battery cell, and the battery shape is 5.2 mm thick, 34 mm wide, 36 mm high (523436 size), and the battery capacity is 1000 mAh, as shown in FIG. A laminate film type battery was produced.

<Example 6-50> to <Example 6-60>
The laminated film type of Example 6-50 to Example 6-60 is the same as Example 6-2 to Example 6-12, except that the battery configuration is the same as the laminated film type battery as in Example 6-25. Each battery was produced.

[Battery evaluation: Short circuit test]
About the produced battery of each Example and each comparative example, the short circuit test was done like Example 1-1.

  The evaluation results are shown in Table 11 and Table 12 below.

As can be seen from Tables 11 and 12, the heat absorption layer was prepared so that the total heat capacity per unit area was 0.0006 J / Kcm ² and the total heat capacity per unit volume was 0.4 J / Kcm ^3. When the separator was used, the heat generation temperature in the short-circuit test was as low as less than 80 ° C. and the safety was high regardless of the battery configuration.

  In particular, from Example 6-1 to Example 6-3, the battery using the separator provided with the heat absorption layer on both surfaces of the base material has the highest safety, and the heat absorption layer is provided on one surface of the base material. In this case, it was found that it is more effective to provide the heat absorption layer on the negative electrode side surface of the substrate than to provide the heat absorption layer on the positive electrode side surface of the substrate.

  As mentioned above, although this technique was demonstrated by each embodiment and an Example, this technique is not limited to these, A various deformation | transformation is possible within the range of the summary of this technique. For example, what is necessary is just to set the thickness of a base material, and the composition of each material according to the structure of a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery may be a primary battery.

  In each embodiment, a separator provided with a heat absorption layer on the surface of the substrate is used. However, the heat absorption layer may be present at the boundary between the substrate and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. For this reason, the separator may have a conventional configuration, and a heat absorption layer may be formed on at least one of the positive electrode surface or the negative electrode surface. In this case, a predetermined amount of a resin solution in which inorganic particles and a resin material are dissolved is applied to the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surface so that the heat capacity per area is within the range of the present technology. The heat absorption layer may be formed by adjusting the energy of ultrasonic waves so as to be within the technical range.

  In addition, this technique can also take the following structures.

[1]
A substrate made of a porous membrane;
A porous heat absorption layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less. A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
[2]
The separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption layer contains inorganic particles and a resin material, and the inorganic particles are dispersed in the heat absorption layer.
[3]
The separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption layer contains inorganic particles and a resin material, and the inorganic particles are dispersed and supported on the resin material formed in a three-dimensional network structure. .
[4]
The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [1] or [2], wherein the specific heat of the inorganic particles is 0.5 J / gK or more.
[5]
The separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to [4], wherein the inorganic particles contain at least alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ).
[6]
The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein at least one of a melting point and a glass transition temperature of the resin material is 180 ° C. or higher.
[7]
The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [6], wherein the resin material is polyvinylidene fluoride.
[8]
The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the porosity of the heat absorption layer is larger than the porosity of the substrate and is 75% or less.
[9]
The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [1], wherein the resin material constituting the substrate includes a polyolefin resin.
[10]
The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [1], wherein the porosity of the substrate is 25% or more and 40% or less.
[11]
An electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other with a separator interposed therebetween;
With a non-aqueous electrolyte,
The separator is
A substrate made of a porous membrane;
A porous heat absorption layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery consisting of
[12]
The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [11], wherein the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode is made of a material containing at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element.
[13]
An electrode body facing a positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator made of a porous film;
Between the nonaqueous electrolyte, the separator, and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode facing each other through the separator, the heat capacity per unit area is 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more, and the heat capacity per unit volume A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a porous heat absorption layer having a JF of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less.
[14]
An electrode body facing a positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator made of a porous film;
A heat capacity per unit area provided between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode opposed via the separator is 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more, and a heat capacity per unit volume is 1 A gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte in which a non-aqueous electrolyte is held in a porous layer containing a resin material that is 0.5 J / Kcm ³ or less;
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
[15]
[11] or the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [13],
A control unit for controlling the non-aqueous electrolyte battery;
A battery pack having an exterior enclosing the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
[16]
[11] having the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [13],
An electronic device that receives power from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
[17]
[11] or the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [13],
A conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing relating to vehicle control based on information relating to the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
[18]
[11] having the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [13],
A power storage device that supplies electric power to an electronic device connected to the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
[19]
The power storage device according to [18], further including a power information control device that transmits and receives signals to and from other devices via a network, and performing charge / discharge control of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery based on information received by the power information control device.
[20]
[11] A power system that receives supply of power from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to [13], or that supplies power to the nonaqueous electrolyte battery from a power generation device or a power network.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Battery can, 12a, 12b ... Insulation board, 13 ... Battery cover, 14 ... Safety valve, 14a ... Convex part, 15 ... Disc holder, 16 ... Shut-off disc, 16a ... Hole part, 17 ... Heat sensitive resistance element, 18 ... Gasket, 19 ... sub disk, 20 ... wound electrode body, 21 ... positive electrode, 21A ... positive electrode current collector, 21B ... positive electrode active material layer, 22 ... negative electrode, 22A ... negative electrode current collector, 22B ... negative electrode active material layer, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 23 ... Separator, 24 ... Center pin, 25 ... Positive electrode lead, 26 ... Negative electrode lead, 30 ... Nonaqueous electrolyte battery, 31 ... Exterior can, 32 ... Battery cover, 33 ... Electrode pin, 34 ... Insulator, 35 ... Through-hole 36 ... Internal pressure release mechanism, 36a ... 1st opening groove, 36b ... 2nd opening groove, 37 ... Electrolyte injection port, 38 ... Sealing member, 40 ... Winding electrode body, 41 ... Positive electrode terminal, 50 ... Winding electrode body, 51 ... positive electrode lead, 52 ... negative Lead, 53 ... positive electrode, 53A ... positive electrode current collector, 53B ... positive electrode active material layer, 54 ... negative electrode, 54A ... negative electrode current collector, 54B ... negative electrode active material layer, 55 ... separator, 56 ... non-aqueous electrolyte, 57 ... Protective tape, 60 ... exterior member, 61 ... adhesion film, 70 ... laminated electrode body, 71 ... positive electrode lead, 72 ... negative electrode lead, 73 ... positive electrode, 74 ... negative electrode, 75 ... separator, 76 ... fixing member, 80 ... cell, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 81 ... Circuit board, 82a ... Top cover, 82b ... Bottom cover, 83 ... Hard laminate film, 84 ... Notch part, 85 ... Soft laminate film, 86 ... Recessed part, 87 ... Adhesive film, 90 ... Battery pack, 100 ... Electric storage System, 101 ... Housing, 102a ... Thermal power generation, 102b ... Nuclear power generation, 102c ... Hydroelectric power generation, 102 ... Centralized power system, 103 ... Power storage device, 104 Home power generation device, 105 ... Electric power consumption device, 105a ... Refrigerator, 105b ... Air conditioning device, 105c ... Television receiver, 105d ... Bath, 106 ... Electric vehicle, 106a ... Electric vehicle, 106b ... Hybrid car, 106c ... Electric motorcycle DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 107 ... Smart meter 108 ... Power hub 109 ... Power network 110 ... Control device 111 ... Sensor 112 ... Information network 113 ... Server 200 ... Hybrid vehicle 201 ... Engine 202 ... Generator 203 ... Power drive Force conversion device, 204a, 204b ... drive wheel, 205a, 205b ... wheel, 208 ... battery, 209 ... vehicle control device, 210 ... various sensors, 211 ... charging port, 301 ... assembled battery, 301a ... secondary battery, 302a ... Charge control switch, 302b ... Diode, 303a ... Discharge control switch 303b ... Diode, 304 ... Switch unit, 307 ... Current detection resistor, 308 ... Temperature detection element, 310 ... Control unit, 311 ... Voltage detection unit, 313 ... Current measurement unit, 314 ... Switch control unit, 317 ... Memory 318: Temperature detection unit, 321: Positive terminal, 322: Negative terminal

Claims (20)

A substrate made of a porous membrane;
A porous heat absorption layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less. A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption layer contains inorganic particles and a resin material, and the inorganic particles are dispersed in the heat absorption layer. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption layer contains inorganic particles and a resin material, and the inorganic particles are dispersed and supported on the resin material formed in a three-dimensional network structure. Separator. The separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to claim 1, wherein the specific heat of the inorganic particles is 0.5 J / gK or more. The separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic particles include at least alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ). The separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the melting point and the glass transition temperature of the resin material is 180 ° C or higher. The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 6, wherein the resin material is polyvinylidene fluoride. The separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the heat absorption layer is larger than the porosity of the substrate and is 95% or less. The separator for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries according to claim 1, wherein the resin material constituting the substrate includes a polyolefin resin. The separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the substrate is 25% or more and 40% or less. An electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other with a separator interposed therebetween;
With a non-aqueous electrolyte,
The separator is
A substrate made of a porous membrane;
A porous heat absorption layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, having a heat capacity per unit area of 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and a heat capacity per unit volume of 1.5 J / Kcm ³ or less. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery consisting of The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 11, wherein the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode is made of a material containing at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element as a constituent element. An electrode body facing a positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator made of a porous film;
A non-aqueous electrolyte,
Between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode facing each other through the separator, the heat capacity per unit area is 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more and the heat capacity per unit volume is 1.5 J. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery provided with a porous heat absorption layer of / Kcm ³ or less. An electrode body facing a positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator made of a porous film;
A heat capacity per unit area provided between the separator and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode opposed via the separator is 0.0002 J / Kcm ² or more, and a heat capacity per unit volume is 1 A gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte in which a non-aqueous electrolyte is held in a porous layer containing a resin material that is 0.5 J / Kcm ³ or less;
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 11,
A control unit for controlling the non-aqueous electrolyte battery;
A battery pack having an exterior enclosing the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 11,
An electronic device that receives power from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 11,
A conversion device that receives supply of electric power from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery and converts it into driving force of a vehicle;
An electric vehicle comprising: a control device that performs information processing relating to vehicle control based on information relating to the nonaqueous electrolyte battery. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 11,
A power storage device that supplies electric power to an electronic device connected to the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The power storage device according to claim 18, further comprising a power information control device that transmits and receives signals to and from other devices via a network, and performing charge / discharge control of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery based on information received by the power information control device. The electric power system which receives supply of electric power from the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of Claim 11, or supplies electric power to the said nonaqueous electrolyte battery from an electric power generating apparatus or an electric power network.