JP2013024045A - Tower type solar thermal power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tower type solar thermal power generation device comprising a large number of solar heat receivers.SOLUTION: In the tower type solar thermal power generation device utilizing solar thermal energy, multiple solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4), ..., (n) are provided in multistages in the vertical direction with a predetermined spacing, in a support tower arranged in a standing condition, and are connected to the power generation system using a pressure fluid (W) circulating in the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4), ..., (n) from the base part (53) of the supporting tower.

Description

The present invention relates to a tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus in which a large number of solar thermal receivers are provided in multiple stages in order to receive solar thermal energy in a limited site space.

Conventional power generation using solar thermal energy is a large-scale facility that collects heat by setting up a heat collection tower in the center and arranging a number of mirrors (plane mirrors = heliostats) around it on a large site as a power plant. There is a heat collection system (see Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-198120).
In this heat collection system, only one solar heat receiver (heat receiver) is installed for the heliostat group.
In this system, it is necessary to construct a vast site and a huge tower suitable for high temperature collection.

The idea of a large-scale heat collection system is a concept in which water is boiled and vaporized with the collected heat to generate electricity by rotating a generator using the pressure fluid (pressure gas).

In addition, there are various ideas for a solar power generation condensing device, but basically condensing by a mirror, such as a trough type and a dish type.

In addition, the solar heat receiver (receiver) for efficiently using the collected light heat has a volumetric
There is a positive displacement solar receiver (heat receiver) called Soalar.

Small-scale solar heat utilization systems are related to the use of solar heat energy in ordinary houses, and are often used by installing panel-type solar water heaters on the roof.
In order to collect solar thermal energy on a relatively small scale, in addition to panel-type heat collection, a curved mirror system that collects heat with a curved mirror, heat collection glass or acrylic resin lens optical heat collection, lens and optical fiber There is a method of collecting heat at the focal point using the internal reflection of a light receiver (inner surface reflection cylinder) as in Patent Document 2.

JP 2009-198120 A Japanese Patent No. 3184660 Utility Model Registration No. 3156344

In the conventional heat collection system using solar thermal energy disclosed in Patent Document 1, heat recovery technology and high-efficiency steam generation are achieved, but the installation location is limited due to the arrangement of many mirrors. It is not efficient in terms of land space use due to the increase in the two-dimensional scale.
In addition, there is a problem that the amount of energy that can be extracted is smaller than the land area and scale of the power generation facility.
Although it is suitable for the plains of the Asian Sunbelt area, it is not suitable for areas without plains or plains.
For example, there are risk maintenance such as light diffusion and ultraviolet radiation on land where the residential area is close, and there is a problem that economic profit is not suitable from the viewpoint of land use.
Furthermore, in power generation using the collected heat as heat storage, it is necessary to provide a special cooling device for treating excess heat and bringing it to room temperature, which causes a problem that the power generation system becomes expensive.

The present invention has been made to solve such problems.
First, in order to use solar thermal energy on land in a narrow country, it is a historical requirement that the power plant can have a relatively small site area.
Urban solar thermal energy usage has limited installation locations and cannot secure a vast land and area.
Second, even if the light-receiving efficiency is somewhat reduced, the light-receiving surface should not be expanded horizontally, but a vertical structure that requires the light-receiving surface within the scope of land use right even in a small land.
Third, if possible, it should be possible to borrow the location of existing structures and tower-type structures (emergency staircases of high-rise towers, etc.).
Fourthly, there is a pressure fluid cooling process in the process of the power generation system, and the installation of the apparatus is also an element that is subject to location restrictions. Therefore, do not install a special device for cooling the pressure fluid.
As a challenge, we developed a system that reduces the number of sites for power plant structures as much as possible and uses land efficiently, and is a mechanism device suitable for a power generation system using solar heat that can achieve high power generation efficiency. The purpose is to provide.

In the power generation apparatus using solar thermal energy, the present invention provides a large number of solar heat receivers in vertical columns at predetermined intervals on a standing support tower, and from the base of the support tower. It is a tower type solar thermal power generation device connected to a power generation system using a pressure fluid (W) circulating through the solar thermal receiver.
Many solar heat receivers (receivers) are installed instead of one.
The standing support tower refers to a tower structure to which a large number of solar heat receivers are attached.
Here, an example is a tower erected by a central tube tower, which will be described later, four columns at the corner, and an auxiliary frame that connects the columns with a rigid joint structure.
Although the tower of the tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus is a self-supporting type, if the existing structure has a vertical space, it can be incorporated into the space.
For example, an existing structure can be used, for example, by incorporating a column of a power transmission tower, and the tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus can be incorporated into a column or a side wall of the existing structure.

The tube tower is constructed as a support tower vertically with support columns and auxiliary frames, and a power generation building with a power generation system is provided at the foundation.
A pipe for circulating the pressure fluid (W) passes through the inside of the tube tower.

The solar heat receiver equipped in the present invention presents a positive displacement type, and is a hollow conical cylinder having a large number of lenses arranged in a dome shape or substantially hemisphere on the surface and provided with a reflecting surface inside, and is indicated by a one-dot chain line. A heat storage body is provided at the internal condensing position from the reflecting surface and the lens facing the sunlight (R) shown in 1., and a spiral heat supply pipe is connected to the circulating pipe around the heat storage body It is.
Each solar heat receiver has the same shape and the same size, and has a hollow conical cylinder with a thin external appearance.

The uppermost solar heat receiver is provided at the tip of the tube tower, but the solar heat receiver underneath is a form in which the tube tower penetrates.
As a result, the lower solar heat receiver has slightly less light receiving surface.
In order to increase the amount of light received, there are a configuration in which the number of solar heat receivers is increased in a column, and a configuration in which several towers having a large number of solar heat receivers are erected and constructed.

A heat supply pipe is a pipe that circulates pressure fluid (W) such as water, liquid air, liquid nitrogen, etc., and is a pipe that receives heat by spirally winding one solar heat receiver or several solar heat receivers. It is a circuit.

The heat supply pipe around the heat accumulator is connected to a pipe vertically descending from the solar heat receiver, and circulates the pressure fluid.

As a power generation system, a generator coupled to a turbine is provided.
The pressurized fluid (W) heated to high temperature and pressure is sent to the turbine and driven by pressure, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electricity.
The generated electric power is stored in a storage battery or transmitted.

The pressure fluid (W) discharged from the turbine is cooled by a heat exchanger, and the cooled pressure fluid (W) is collected in a tank.
The pressure fluid (W) from the tank is sent to the piping and circulated by driving the pump.
A pump drives the motor to equip with the electric power feeding from a generator, and transfers a pressure fluid (W).

The pressure fluid (W) is cooled by a heat exchanger, but the cooling is assisted by a geothermal cooling pipe.

The geothermal cooling pipe is a vertical hollow tube that is buried in the ground that has been bored in the vertical direction in the facility land and is deeply formed when a tower or tower of a tower is constructed.
It detects the high temperature and high pressure of the pressure fluid (W) with a sensor and sucks the underground cooling temperature to assist the cooling function of the heat exchanger.
Heat exchange is performed with the pressure fluid (W) heated by one or several solar heat receivers, and the pressure fluid (W) is cooled to a predetermined level.

The pressurized fluid (W) having a high temperature drives the turbine at the pressure, but the high temperature may not be stable depending on sunshine conditions.
As an auxiliary device in such a case, there is a configuration in which a heater is arranged immediately before the inlet of the turbine in order to further heat the heated pressure fluid (W) and send it to the turbine.

The tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus using solar thermal energy according to the present invention is configured as described above and has the following technical effects.
(A) Even if the facility land area is small, if the top and bottom of the land can be used, by increasing the number of solar heat receivers in the column, the sun rays with an area almost lying side by side with the tower height compared to the facility area (R) can be irradiated.
(B) Developed positive displacement solar heat receivers that are arranged in multiple columns at intervals in the vertical direction, and this solar heat receiver absorbs so-called light heat, so there is no light reflection to the surroundings and The problem is less likely to occur.
(C) Since the facility for receiving heat in the vertical direction is the main one, it is a power plant that can relatively reduce the site area, and local production and consumption of natural energy is possible.
(D) Even if the light-receiving efficiency is reduced due to the multi-stage type, it can be implemented by borrowing the location of existing structures and tower type structures (emergency staircases of high-rise buildings such as transmission towers).
(E) As a device for heating and cooling the pressure fluid, since the geothermal cooling pipe is provided in the vertical direction in the area of the facility land, it is compact and the facility operation is economical.
(F) The circulation path of the positive displacement solar heat receivers arranged in a column is one, and the circulation management can be simplified.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows the system configuration | structure and apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the schematic of the tower-type structure which shows the solar heat receiver (1) (2) (3) arrange | positioned in the multistage type which is embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the solar heat receiver (1) (2) (3) of embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective schematic diagram of a solar heat receiver of an embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the cross-sectional structure of the solar heat receiver of embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the structure integrated in the inside of the existing power transmission line tower in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 of the tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus using the solar thermal energy which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a system apparatus according to the first embodiment.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, four solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) that receive solar thermal energy are arranged at a predetermined interval (Q ), And a tower-type power generator provided with heat collecting devices in multiple stages in the vertical direction.
Although the tower of the tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus is a self-supporting type, if the existing structure has a vertical space, it can be incorporated into the space.

The solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) are not limited to four units and can be installed as many as a dozen units if risk maintenance of the tube tower (5) permits.
Each solar heat receiver has the same shape and the same size, and has a hollow conical cylinder with a thin external appearance.

As shown in Embodiment 2 in FIG. 2, the tube tower (5) is a tube provided at the center of the tower.
The tube tower (5) is vertically constructed with four columns (51) and an auxiliary frame (52) connecting the columns (41) with a ramen structure.
The whole is a tower structure and is self-supporting at its foundation (53). This tower structure becomes a tower-type support tower.
In the first embodiment, the design is made assuming a height of 27 m in total length.
The support tower is for attaching a large number of solar heat receivers, and is a tower structure that is erected by a central tube tower as shown in FIG. 2, four pillars, and an auxiliary frame that connects the pillars with a rigid joint structure. Take the body as an example.
The foundation (53) is provided with a power generation building (54) in which a power generation system is constructed.

Pipes (15) and (16) for circulating the pressure fluid (W) pass through the inside of the tube tower (5).
Solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) are attached to the tube tower (5) at a predetermined interval.
The predetermined interval refers to the interval at which the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) are uniformly irradiated when sunlight is irradiated at a normal angle in the four seasons.
In Embodiment 2 to be described later, the distance is 10.5 m.

The solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) present a positive displacement type, and a large number of lenses (6) are arranged in a substantially hemispherical shape on the surface, and a reflective surface (7 ) Provided with a hollow conical cylinder (8), and a heat storage body (9) at the internal condensing position from the reflecting surface (7) and the lens (6) facing the sunlight (R) indicated by a one-dot chain line. A spiral heat supply pipe (10) is connected to the circulating pipes (15) and (16) around the heat storage body (9).

In FIG. 1, the spiral shape of the heat supply pipe (10) is not shown for conceptual explanation, but the heat supply pipe (10) is shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. ) The heat storage body (9) of (4) is wound around and touched in a spiral shape so as to receive heat.

The uppermost solar heat receiver (1) is provided at the tip of the tube tower (5), but the solar heat receivers (2), (3), and (4) below it are in a form that the tube tower (5) penetrates. All three units are attached at the same interval (Q).

The solar heat receivers (2), (3), and (4) that are not located at the top are shielded from sunlight when the sun is directly above in relation to the top solar heat receiver (1) that is located directly above. It becomes a position.

However, in actuality, it is instantaneously located immediately above, and all of the substantially spherical lenses (6) other than just above are positions where they can receive sunlight.
In other words, if there is a predetermined interval, the amount of light received can be ensured even in multiple stages in a column if it has a dome-shaped or hemispherical light-receiving surface.

In the first embodiment, the solar heat receivers (2), (3), and (4) that are not located at the uppermost part have a structure in which the tube tower (5) penetrates in the center, and therefore a lens (6 ) And there is no light receiving surface in that portion as compared with the uppermost solar heat receiver (1).

The tube tower (5) is located at the center for the efficiency of piping and high temperature.
The circulation path constituting the heat supply pipe (10) and the pipes (15) and (16) contacts the heat storage bodies (9) of all the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) and is sequentially heated. .

When it is disadvantageous to form through holes in the solar heat receivers (2), (3), and (4) to reduce the light receiving surface, do not provide the tube tower (5) to penetrate, It is also possible to construct 51) firmly and support it by providing each solar heat receiver (1) (2) (3) (4)... (N) in multiple stages.

Even in this case, sunlight from directly above creates a shadow on the next solar heat receiver (2) (3) (4).

The positioning of the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) in the columns that cause shadows in this way is a disadvantageous arrangement at first glance. However, there is an advantage of reducing the facility use area exceeding the disadvantage.

In the first embodiment, the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) have the same diameter and the same dimensions. The reason for adopting the diameter of the same size is that the size is appropriate for the facility (the critical size in terms of design).
Therefore, the solar heat receiver (3) on the lowermost solar heat receiver (4) manufactured to the appropriate size diameter is made a slightly smaller size solar heat receiver (3), and the solar heat receiver (3) is sequentially disposed on the upper part. Even when light is irradiated from directly above, it can be configured to irradiate the peripheral edge of the lower solar heat receiver.
Arranging the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4) in a free position (other than the vertical column) in the position where the sunlight hits is incompatible with the idea of the present invention of a compact multi-stage column.

The heat supply pipe (10) is a tubular body that circulates a pressure fluid (W) such as water, liquid air, helium, liquid nitrogen, etc., and one solar heat receiver (1) or several solar heat receivers (1) (2) ( 3) Circulation system piping that spirally passes through the heat storage body (9) of (4)... (N) and sends the heated pressure fluid (W) to the turbine (11).
The heat supply pipe (10) around the heat storage body (9) is connected to the pipes (15) and (16) that descend vertically from the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), and (4), and the pressure fluid ( W)
Is circulating.

The pressure fluid (W) is sent and pressurized from the tank (18) by the pump (19), and the pressure fluid (W) having reached a high temperature is further sent to the solar heat receiver (4), and the solar heat receiver (3). The solar heat receiver (2) passes through the solar heat receiver (1) sequentially and further, and reaches a high temperature of around 1000 ° C.

The gas that has become a high-temperature, high-pressure fluid (W) in the solar heat receiver (1) drives the turbine 4 to generate power.

The pressure fluid (W) is discharged from the turbine (11), cooled to a predetermined level by the heat exchanger (17), and the cooled pressure fluid (W) is recovered in the tank (18). The pressure fluid (W) from is connected to the pipe (16) again by the power of the pump (19) and circulated.
The heat exchanger (17) is performed between the pipe (16) from the tank (18) and the pipe (15) through which the heated pressurized fluid (W) is sent.

The pressure fluid (W) from the pipe (15) is cooled by the heat exchanger (17), but the cooling is assisted by the geothermal cooling pipe (20).
The turbine (11), the pump (19), and the generator (12) may be mechanically connected, or the pump (19) may be driven by a motor using the power generation of the generator (12). .

The geothermal cooling pipe (20) is buried in the ground that has been bored in the vertical direction in the facility land, and is a vertical hollow pipe that is deeply formed during the construction of the tower tube tower (5) or the column (51). Is the body.
It supports the cooling function of the heat exchanger (17) in contact with cold or ground water in the soil, and is heated by one or several solar heat receivers (1) (2) (3) (4) ... The pressure fluid (W) is heat-exchanged to cool the pressure fluid (W) to a predetermined level.
The high temperature and high pressure of the pressure fluid (W) is detected by a sensor, and the underground cooling temperature is sucked in, and assists the cooling function of the heat exchanger (17).
The heat exchanger (17) is also connected to the geothermal cooling pipe (20).

Circulation paths such as pipes (15) and (16) in this tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus are provided in the above-mentioned tube tower (5) and the power generation building (54).
This is to avoid the cost risk of the process of embedding a circulation path such as pressure fluid (W) in the soil at the site and the site construction.

By the way, by combining the geothermal cooling pipe (20) with the process of cooling with the heat exchanger (17), the work of embedding in the soil can be omitted, and rather the same effect as when the heat exchanger is arranged deeply in the soil is obtained. It is also useful for making facilities compact.

On the other hand, the pressurized fluid (W) having a high temperature drives the turbine (11) with the pressure and generates power with the generator (12) connected to the turbine (11).

In order to further heat the heated pressure fluid (W) and send it to the turbine (11), the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4),. There are a configuration in which the number is increased in a column and a configuration in which a heater is disposed immediately before the turbine (11).

Thus, the pressure of the pressure fluid (W) rotates the turbine (11) and drives the generator (12) to generate electricity.
The generated electric power is transformed and transmitted (14) or stored in a storage battery (13).

The pressure fluid (W) can be water, liquid air, or a cryogenic fluid such as liquid nitrogen or liquid hydrogen.
It goes without saying that the circuit and the tank (18) are designed according to the substance of the pressure fluid (W).
The pressure fluid (W) is enclosed in the closed circulation path.

When the pressure fluid (W) circulates steam, the steam turbine inlet temperature needs to be close to the critical temperature, and the energy conversion efficiency is low when sunshine is unstable. In such a case, a combustion heater is installed as an auxiliary.

When liquid air is used, it is sent from the tank (18) to the circulation path by the pump (19) and converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3). , And the generator is driven, but a device for replenishing liquid air or a device for creating it is also provided.

2 and 6 show a second embodiment of a relatively small-scale apparatus in which three solar heat receivers (1), (2), and (3) are attached in multiple stages.
FIG. 2 shows a tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus in which a power generation building (54) equipped with a power generation system is provided on a tower including solar heat receivers (1), (2) and (3).
FIG. 6 shows a state where the tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus of the present invention is installed inside the existing power transmission tower (21).
Such integration can be retrofitted to the side walls of high-rise buildings or external escape stairs.

The present invention is a tower type solar thermal power generation apparatus in which a large number of solar heat receivers are provided in multiple columns, and is an apparatus in which a large number of solar heat receivers are vertically mounted in a column, and therefore has an advantage that the installation area is not limited. .
It is possible to make a huge tower, and it is also possible to configure a tower group in which several towers having solar heat receivers (1) (2) (3) (4). .
On the other hand, it may be small and can be used as a power generator using natural energy at any location.
It can be used as an urban power generator or as an emergency mobile power generator.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar heat receiver 2 ... Solar heat receiver 3 ... Solar heat receiver 4 ... Solar heat receiver n ... Solar heat receiver 5 ... Tube tower 51 Support column 52 Auxiliary frame 53 Base part 54 Power generation building 6 ... Lens 7 ... Reflecting surface 8 ... Hollow Conical tube 9 Heat storage body 10 Heat supply pipe [circulation path]
W Pressure fluid 11 Turbine 12 Generator 13 Storage battery 14 Transmission 15 ... Piping 16 Piping 17 Heat exchanger 18 ... Tank 19 Pump 20 Geothermal cooling pipe 21 Transmission tower R Solar ray Q Spacing between solar heat receiver and solar heat receiver

Claims (4)

In a power generation apparatus using solar thermal energy, a large number of solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4),. Power generation using a pressure fluid (W) circulating in the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4),. A tower type solar thermal power generation system characterized by connecting systems. The solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4),. In the provided hollow conical cylinder (8), a heat storage body (9) is provided at an internal condensing position from the lens (6) and the reflection surface (7) facing the sunlight (R), and the heat storage body (9 The tower type solar thermal power generator according to claim 1, wherein a heat supply pipe (10) wound in a spiral shape is provided around the surroundings. The heat supply pipe (10) is a pipe that circulates the pressure fluid (W) that receives heat from the heat storage body (9), and is coupled to the turbine (11) that is driven by the heated and pressurized pressure fluid (W). The generator (12) is provided, and the pressure fluid (W) discharged from the turbine (11) is cooled by the heat exchanger (17) connected to the geothermal cooling pipe (20), and the cooled pressure fluid ( W) is collected in a tank (18), and pressure fluid (W) from the tank (18) forms a circulation path of a power generation system that is circulated to the heat supply pipe (10) by driving a pump (19). The tower type solar thermal power generator according to claim 2 characterized by things. Each of the solar heat receivers (1), (2), (3), (4),... (N) has the same type and dimensions, and the uppermost solar heat receiver (2) is provided at the tip of the tube tower (5). The solar heat receivers (2), (3), (4),... (N) below are in a form in which the tube tower (5) penetrates the center. The tower type solar thermal power generator according to any one of the above.