JP2013022580A - Nf membrane, and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Nf membrane, and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP2013022580A
JP2013022580A JP2011163292A JP2011163292A JP2013022580A JP 2013022580 A JP2013022580 A JP 2013022580A JP 2011163292 A JP2011163292 A JP 2011163292A JP 2011163292 A JP2011163292 A JP 2011163292A JP 2013022580 A JP2013022580 A JP 2013022580A
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membrane
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chlorine
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JP5823761B2 (en
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Tomokazu Watabe
智一 綿部
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Daicen Membrane Systems Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an NF membrane with high salt rejection.SOLUTION: The NF membrane is composed of a dehydrochlorination condensate of a chlorine-contained polymer and a multivalent amino group-contained compound. Zeta potential of the surface is positive in a range that a pH is 6 to 7. A Ca removal rate obtained by the following formula is equal to or larger than 70%. Ca removal rate=[1-(Ca amount in permeate)/{(Ca amount in feeding liquid+Ca amount in concentrate)/2}].

Description

本発明は、水道水、天然水中の硬度成分を除去するためのNF膜とその製造方法、NF膜を用いた膜モジュール、前記膜モジュールを備えた水処理装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an NF membrane for removing hardness components in tap water and natural water, a method for producing the same, a membrane module using the NF membrane, and a water treatment apparatus including the membrane module.

水道水等の原水から、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン等の硬度成分を除去する方法としては、イオン交換樹脂を用いる軟水化方法、水酸化カルシウム等の凝結剤を用いる方法、逆浸透膜やナノ濾過膜を用いる方法が知られている。   Methods for removing hardness components such as calcium ions and magnesium ions from raw water such as tap water include softening methods using ion exchange resins, methods using coagulants such as calcium hydroxide, reverse osmosis membranes and nanofiltration membranes A method of using is known.

イオン交換樹脂を用いる軟水化方法では、イオン交換樹脂に硬度成分が吸着して飽和すると、食塩を用いてイオン交換樹脂を再生する必要がある。このため、硬度成分の濃度が高くなると、再生頻度が高くなり、手間と費用がかかることになる。   In the water softening method using an ion exchange resin, when the hardness component is adsorbed and saturated on the ion exchange resin, it is necessary to regenerate the ion exchange resin using salt. For this reason, when the density | concentration of a hardness component becomes high, the reproduction frequency will become high and will require an effort and expense.

水酸化カルシウム等の凝結剤を用いる方法では、硬度成分の除去率を上げるためには凝結剤の添加量が増加することから、前記除去率を高めることが困難である。   In the method using a coagulant such as calcium hydroxide, it is difficult to increase the removal rate because the addition amount of the coagulant increases in order to increase the removal rate of the hardness component.

逆浸透膜やナノ濾過膜(NF膜)を用いる方法では、従来の逆浸透膜やナノ濾過膜は原水側に高い圧力を作用させて硬度成分を除去しなければならず、処理水量当たりの運転動力が多くなり、エネルギー効率が悪かった。また、従来の逆浸透膜やナノ濾過膜はスパイラル形状が一般的であり、物理的洗浄が困難である。このため、原水に含まれる懸濁成分、細菌及び有機物質等が多い場合には、これらを予め限外濾過膜や精密濾過膜等で除去するなどの高度な前処理をしないと膜の目詰まりが起こり易くなる。   In the method using a reverse osmosis membrane or a nanofiltration membrane (NF membrane), the conventional reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration membrane must remove high hardness components by applying a high pressure to the raw water side. Power was increased and energy efficiency was poor. Further, conventional reverse osmosis membranes and nanofiltration membranes generally have a spiral shape and are difficult to physically wash. For this reason, when there are a lot of suspended components, bacteria, organic substances, etc. contained in the raw water, the membrane is clogged unless advanced pretreatment such as removal with an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane is performed beforehand. Is likely to occur.

特許文献1は、液体分離膜に関する発明である。請求項6、段落0024には、支持体上に多官能アミン水溶液を塗布した後、さらに多官能ハロゲン化合物を含有する有機溶媒溶液を塗布し、支持体上で多官能アミンと多官能ハロゲン化合物を重縮合反応させて液体分離膜を製造することが記載されている。
段落0021には、液体分離膜の表面のゼータ電位(pH6−8)は負であることが好ましいと記載されている。
Patent Document 1 is an invention related to a liquid separation membrane. In claim 6, paragraph 0024, after applying a polyfunctional amine aqueous solution on the support, an organic solvent solution containing a polyfunctional halogen compound is further applied, and the polyfunctional amine and the polyfunctional halogen compound are applied on the support. It describes that a liquid separation membrane is produced by a polycondensation reaction.
Paragraph 0021 describes that the zeta potential (pH 6-8) on the surface of the liquid separation membrane is preferably negative.

特開2005−46659号公報JP 2005-46659 A

本発明は、硬質成分、特に2価イオンの除去率が高く、軟水化用として好適な中空糸型NF膜とその製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
さらに本発明は、前記NF膜を有する膜モジュール、前記NF膜を有する膜モジュールを備えた水処理装置を提供することを課題とする。
An object of the present invention is to provide a hollow fiber type NF membrane having a high removal rate of hard components, particularly divalent ions, and suitable for softening water, and a method for producing the same.
Furthermore, this invention makes it a subject to provide the water module provided with the membrane module which has the said NF membrane, and the membrane module which has the said NF membrane.

本発明は、課題の解決手段として、
塩素含有ポリマーと多価アミノ基含有化合物の脱塩化水素縮合体からなり、pH=6〜7における表面のゼータ電位が+であり、下記式から求められるCa除去率が70%以上である、NF膜を提供する。
Ca除去率
=〔1−(透過液中のCa量)/{(供給液中のCa量+濃縮液中のCa量)/2}〕
As a means for solving the problems,
NF comprising a dehydrochlorination condensate of a chlorine-containing polymer and a polyvalent amino group-containing compound, the surface zeta potential at pH = 6-7 is +, and the Ca removal rate obtained from the following formula is 70% or more. Providing a membrane.
Ca removal rate = [1- (Ca amount in permeate) / {(Ca amount in supply liquid + Ca amount in concentrate) / 2}]

また本発明は、他の課題の解決手段として、
上記のNF膜の製造方法であって、
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のNF膜の製造方法であって、
塩素含有ポリマーからなり、pH=6〜7における表面のゼータ電位が−である膜を製造する工程と、
前記工程で得られた膜と多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液を接触させる工程と、その後、加熱する工程を有している、NF膜の製造方法を提供する。
The present invention also provides a solution to other problems.
A manufacturing method of the above NF film,
A method for producing an NF film according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A step of producing a film comprising a chlorine-containing polymer and having a surface zeta potential of-at pH = 6-7;
Provided is a method for producing an NF film, which comprises a step of bringing the membrane obtained in the above step into contact with an aqueous solution of a polyvalent amino group-containing compound and a step of heating.

さらに本発明は、別の課題の解決手段として、前記NF膜を有する膜モジュール、前記NF膜を有する膜モジュールを備えた水処理装置を提供する。   Furthermore, this invention provides the water treatment apparatus provided with the membrane module which has the said NF membrane, and the membrane module which has the said NF membrane as a solution of another subject.

本発明のNF膜は、膜表面のゼータ電位がプラスであることから、2価イオンの除去率が高められるため、高い脱塩率を有するものとなる。   Since the NF membrane of the present invention has a positive zeta potential on the membrane surface, the removal rate of divalent ions is increased, and therefore has a high desalting rate.

<NF膜>
本発明のNF膜は、塩素含有ポリマーと多価アミノ基含有化合物の脱塩化水素縮合体からなるものである。
<NF film>
The NF membrane of the present invention comprises a dehydrochlorination condensate of a chlorine-containing polymer and a polyvalent amino group-containing compound.

塩素含有ポリマーとしては、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、塩素化ポリ塩化ビニルから選ばれるものを挙げることができる。
多価アミノ基含有化合物としては、ポリエチレンイミン、ヒドロキシエチルポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリルアミンから選ばれるものを挙げることができる。ポリエチレンイミンとしては、(株)日本触媒のエポミン(登録商標)の品番SP−003(分子量300)、SP−006(分子量600)、SP−012(分子量1200)、SP−018(分子量1800)、SP−200(分子量10、000)、P-1000(分子量70、000)等を使用することができる。
Examples of the chlorine-containing polymer include those selected from polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
Examples of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound include those selected from polyethyleneimine, hydroxyethyl polyethyleneimine, and polyallylamine. As polyethyleneimine, Epomin (registered trademark) product number SP-003 (molecular weight 300), SP-006 (molecular weight 600), SP-012 (molecular weight 1200), SP-018 (molecular weight 1800) of Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. SP-200 (molecular weight 10,000), P-1000 (molecular weight 70,000), etc. can be used.

本発明のNF膜は、実施例に記載の方法により測定される表面のゼータ電位が+のものであり、好ましくは+5mV以上のものであり、より好ましくは+10mV〜+30mVのものである。
このようにNF膜表面の電位がプラスに制御されていることから、特にカルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン等の2価イオンの除去率が高められる。
詳しい除去メカニズムは不明であるが、膜表面のゼータ電位がプラスであることにより、水中のカチオンが荷電反撥により膜透過性が減少し、特にカルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオンなどの2価カチオンの除去率が高められるものと考えられる。
The NF film of the present invention has a surface zeta potential measured by the method described in Examples of +, preferably +5 mV or more, more preferably +10 mV to +30 mV.
As described above, since the potential of the NF film surface is controlled to be positive, the removal rate of divalent ions such as calcium ions and magnesium ions is particularly increased.
Although the detailed removal mechanism is unclear, the positive zeta potential of the membrane surface reduces the membrane permeability due to charge repulsion of cations in water, and the removal rate of divalent cations such as calcium ions and magnesium ions in particular is reduced. It is thought that it can be raised.

本発明のNF膜の形態は特に制限されるものではないが、本発明では中空糸型又は平膜型であるものが好ましく、特に中空糸膜型が好ましい。   The form of the NF membrane of the present invention is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, a hollow fiber type or a flat membrane type is preferable, and a hollow fiber membrane type is particularly preferable.

本発明のNF膜が中空糸型であるときの内径及び外径は特に制限されるものはないが、好ましくは内径が0.2〜1.0mm、より好ましくは0.3〜0.7mmであり、好ましくは外径が内径の1.3〜1.8倍、より好ましくは1.4〜1.7倍である。内径と外径を前記範囲内にすることにより、逆圧洗浄したときにも膜が損傷することなく、洗浄性も高めることができるので好ましい。   The inner diameter and outer diameter when the NF membrane of the present invention is a hollow fiber type are not particularly limited, but the inner diameter is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 0.7 mm. Yes, preferably the outer diameter is 1.3 to 1.8 times, more preferably 1.4 to 1.7 times the inner diameter. By setting the inner diameter and the outer diameter within the above ranges, it is preferable because the cleaning performance can be improved without damaging the membrane even when back-pressure cleaning is performed.

本発明のNF膜が平膜型であるときの厚みは特に制限されるものではないが、分離機能層の厚みは0.1〜0.5mmが好ましく、0.01〜0.30mmがより好ましい。   The thickness when the NF membrane of the present invention is a flat membrane type is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the separation functional layer is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.01 to 0.30 mm. .

本発明のNF膜は、実施例に記載の方法により測定され、下記式から求められるCa(塩化カルシウム)の除去率(脱塩率)が70%以上のものであり、好ましくは80%以上、さらに好ましくは90%以上のものである。
Ca除去率
=〔1−(透過液中のCa量)/{(供給液中のCa量+濃縮液中のCa量)/2}〕
The NF membrane of the present invention has a Ca (calcium chloride) removal rate (desalting rate) of 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, which is measured by the method described in the Examples and obtained from the following formula. More preferably, it is 90% or more.
Ca removal rate = [1- (Ca amount in permeate) / {(Ca amount in supply liquid + Ca amount in concentrate) / 2}]

なお、本発明のNF膜は、マグネシウムイオンの除去率も、塩化カルシウム(カルシウムイオン)の除去率と同程度の数値を達成できる。
また、本発明のNF膜は、塩化ナトリウム(ナトリウムイオン及び塩素イオン)は、10〜50%程度除去できる。
In addition, the NF film | membrane of this invention can also achieve the numerical value comparable as the removal rate of a magnesium ion (calcium ion) removal rate of magnesium ion.
In addition, the NF membrane of the present invention can remove about 10 to 50% of sodium chloride (sodium ions and chlorine ions).

本発明のNF膜が中空糸型の場合には、純水透過係数が5L/m2h・0.1MPa以上であり、好ましくは10L/m2h・0.1MPa以上、より好ましくは20L/m2h・0.1MPa以上である。
本発明のNF膜が平膜型の場合には、5L/m2h・0.1MPa以上であり、好ましくは10L/m2h・0.1MPa以上、より好ましくは20L/m2・0.1MPa以上である。
When the NF membrane of the present invention is a hollow fiber type, the pure water permeability coefficient is 5 L / m 2 h · 0.1 MPa or more, preferably 10 L / m 2 h · 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 20 L / m. m 2 h · 0.1 MPa or more.
When the NF membrane of the present invention is a flat membrane type, it is 5 L / m 2 h · 0.1 MPa or more, preferably 10 L / m 2 h · 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 20 L / m 2 .0. 1 MPa or more.

本発明のNF膜は、水道水、河川水、湖沼水、海水等から硬度成分等を除去して軟水を製造するための膜として好適である。
本発明のNF膜は、軟水製造器、海水淡水化の前処理装置、人工透析用等の医療用精製水製造の前処理装置、浄水器等に適用することができる。
The NF membrane of the present invention is suitable as a membrane for producing soft water by removing hardness components from tap water, river water, lake water, seawater and the like.
The NF membrane of the present invention can be applied to a soft water producing device, a pretreatment device for seawater desalination, a pretreatment device for producing purified water for medical use such as artificial dialysis, a water purifier, and the like.

<NF膜の製造方法>
本発明のNF膜の製造方法は、塩素含有ポリマーからなり、pH=6〜7における表面のゼータ電位が−である膜(以下、単に「塩素含有ポリマー膜」という)の製造工程(製膜工程)、接触工程及び加熱工程を有しており、さらに水洗工程や乾燥工程を付加することができる。
<Method for producing NF membrane>
The method for producing an NF film of the present invention comprises a production process (film formation process) of a film comprising a chlorine-containing polymer and having a surface zeta potential of − at pH = 6 to 7 (hereinafter simply referred to as “chlorine-containing polymer film”). ), A contact step and a heating step, and further a washing step and a drying step can be added.

塩素含有ポリマー膜の製造工程(製膜工程)は、製膜溶液を使用した周知の湿式紡糸法を適用することができる。
製膜溶液は、塩素含有ポリマーと溶媒を含むものであり、塩素含有ポリマーの含有割合は10〜40質量%が好ましく、15〜30質量%がより好ましい。
溶媒は、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N、N・ジメチルホルムアミド等を使用することができる。
A well-known wet spinning method using a film forming solution can be applied to the manufacturing process (film forming process) of the chlorine-containing polymer film.
The film-forming solution contains a chlorine-containing polymer and a solvent, and the content ratio of the chlorine-containing polymer is preferably 10 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 15 to 30% by mass.
As the solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, N, N · dimethylformamide and the like can be used.

接触工程は、前工程で得られた塩素含有ポリマー膜と、多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液を接触させる工程である。   The contacting step is a step of bringing the chlorine-containing polymer film obtained in the previous step into contact with the aqueous solution of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound.

この工程で使用する塩素含有ポリマー膜は、目的とする最終的な膜形態のものであり、本発明では中空糸膜型又は平膜型であるものが好ましい。
多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液中の多価アミノ基含有化合物濃度は、5〜50質量%の範囲にすることができる。
The chlorine-containing polymer membrane used in this step has a final desired membrane form. In the present invention, a hollow fiber membrane type or a flat membrane type is preferable.
The concentration of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound in the aqueous solution of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound can be in the range of 5 to 50% by mass.

接触工程は、塩素含有ポリマー膜と多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液が十分に接触できる方法であれば特に制限されるものではないが、本発明では、
(I)塩素含有ポリマー膜をアミノ基含有化合物の水溶液中に浸漬する方法、
(II)アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液を塩素含有ポリマー膜で濾過する方法、
のいずれかの接触方法を適用することが好ましい。
The contacting step is not particularly limited as long as the chlorine-containing polymer film and the aqueous solution of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound can sufficiently come into contact with each other.
(I) a method of immersing a chlorine-containing polymer film in an aqueous solution of an amino group-containing compound,
(II) a method of filtering an aqueous solution of an amino group-containing compound with a chlorine-containing polymer membrane,
It is preferable to apply any one of the contact methods.

(I)の接触方法は、室温雰囲気(例えば5〜35℃)において、塩素含有ポリマー膜の体積に対して2〜20倍量程度のアミノ基含有化合物の水溶液中に、塩素含有ポリマー膜を1〜60分間浸漬する方法を適用することができる。
前記水溶液中のアミノ基含有化合物濃度が高い場合と低い場合では、濃度が高いほど接触時間を短くすることができる。
浸漬中は静置すればよいが、塩素含有ポリマー膜とアミノ基含有化合物の接触状態を高めるため、浸漬中において継続して撹拌するようにしてもよいし、浸漬開始から浸漬時間全体の10〜20%程度の時間だけ撹拌して、その後は静置するようにしてもよい。
また膜内部に含まれる空気を除くための減圧による脱泡処理をすることもできる。
In the contact method of (I), a chlorine-containing polymer film is placed in an aqueous solution of an amino group-containing compound in an amount of about 2 to 20 times the volume of the chlorine-containing polymer film in a room temperature atmosphere (for example, 5 to 35 ° C.). A method of immersing for ˜60 minutes can be applied.
When the concentration of the amino group-containing compound in the aqueous solution is high and low, the contact time can be shortened as the concentration increases.
It may be allowed to stand during the dipping, but in order to increase the contact state between the chlorine-containing polymer film and the amino group-containing compound, it may be continuously stirred during the dipping. It is possible to stir for about 20% of time, and then let it stand still.
Moreover, the defoaming process by the pressure reduction for removing the air contained in the inside of a film | membrane can also be performed.

(II)の接触方法は、例えば、中空糸膜型の塩素含有ポリマー膜の多数本を束ねて端部をポリウレタンあるいはエポキシ樹脂等で中空糸膜間を接着した通常の膜モジュールとした状態で、通常の濾過運転条件にて多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液を濾過する方法を適用することができる。平膜型の塩素含有ポリマー膜を使用した場合も、公知の濾過条件にて濾過すればよい。   The contact method of (II) is, for example, in a state where a normal membrane module in which a large number of hollow fiber membrane type chlorine-containing polymer membranes are bundled and the end portions are bonded with polyurethane or epoxy resin between the hollow fiber membranes, A method of filtering an aqueous solution of a polyvalent amino group-containing compound under normal filtration operation conditions can be applied. Even when a flat membrane type chlorine-containing polymer membrane is used, it may be filtered under known filtration conditions.

接触工程の後、十分に多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液が付着した状態の塩素含有ポリマー膜を加熱する。
加熱工程は、浸漬した塩素含有ポリマー膜を取り出した後に加熱する方法と、浸漬した状態のまま加熱する方法のいずれの方法でも適用できるが、浸漬した状態のまま加熱する方法の方が好ましい。(II)の接触方法を採った場合でもモジュール内に多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液を充填した状態のまま、加熱する方法が好ましい。
この加熱工程により縮合反応(付加脱離反応)が進行して塩化水素が脱離し、塩素含有ポリマー膜とアミノ基含有化合物が化学的に結合される。
また、前記塩化水素の脱離を促進させるために、水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリ触媒を接触工程における多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液に添加し、接触工程・加熱工程を行うこともできる。
After the contacting step, the chlorine-containing polymer film in a state where the aqueous solution of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound is sufficiently attached is heated.
The heating step can be applied by either a method of heating after removing the immersed chlorine-containing polymer film or a method of heating while immersed, but the method of heating while immersed is more preferable. Even when the contacting method of (II) is adopted, a method of heating the module while filling the aqueous solution of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound in the module is preferable.
By this heating step, a condensation reaction (addition / elimination reaction) proceeds, hydrogen chloride is eliminated, and the chlorine-containing polymer film and the amino group-containing compound are chemically bonded.
Further, in order to promote the elimination of hydrogen chloride, an alkali catalyst such as sodium hydroxide can be added to the aqueous solution of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound in the contacting step, and the contacting step / heating step can be performed.

加熱工程は60〜120℃で0.5〜60時間加熱することが好ましい。ここで、浸漬した塩素含有ポリマー膜を取り出した後に加熱する方法の場合には、樹脂成形体が置かれた雰囲気の温度(気温)であり、浸漬した状態のまま加熱する方法の場合には、アミノ基含有ポリマーの水溶液の温度(液温)である。
なお、室温雰囲気(例えば5〜35℃)で接触させた後、そのままの状態で加熱工程(60〜120℃)に移行するときは、所定の加熱温度になるまでの時間は、実質的に接触工程となる。
加熱工程における加熱温度と加熱時間は、目的とするゼータ電位及び脱塩率(いずれも実施例に記載の方法により測定する)を考慮して調整する。
同じ塩素含有ポリマー膜とアミノ基含有化合物を使用するときには、
加熱温度を上げ、加熱時間を長くすることで、ゼータ電位が高くなり、脱塩率が上がる傾向がある。
このため、加熱温度と加熱時間を変えた組み合わせを複数実施してデータを蓄積することで、好適な範囲の加熱温度と加熱時間を容易に求めることができる。アルカリ触媒を使用する場合も同様である。
The heating step is preferably performed at 60 to 120 ° C. for 0.5 to 60 hours. Here, in the case of the method of heating after taking out the immersed chlorine-containing polymer film, it is the temperature (air temperature) of the atmosphere in which the resin molded body is placed, and in the case of the method of heating while being immersed, It is the temperature (liquid temperature) of the aqueous solution of an amino group-containing polymer.
In addition, after making it contact in room temperature atmosphere (for example, 5-35 degreeC), when transfering to a heating process (60-120 degreeC) as it is, the time until it becomes a predetermined heating temperature is substantially in contact. It becomes a process.
The heating temperature and heating time in the heating step are adjusted in consideration of the target zeta potential and the desalting rate (both measured by the methods described in the examples).
When using the same chlorine-containing polymer film and amino group-containing compound,
Increasing the heating temperature and lengthening the heating time tends to increase the zeta potential and increase the desalination rate.
For this reason, by implementing a plurality of combinations in which the heating temperature and the heating time are changed and accumulating data, it is possible to easily obtain a suitable range of heating temperature and heating time. The same applies when an alkali catalyst is used.

加熱温度及び時間は、使用する多価アミノ基含有化合物の分子量との関連においても調整することができる。
多価アミノ基含有化合物の分子量が小さい場合には分子量が大きい場合と比べて、加熱温度を高く、加熱時間を長くする。
多価アミノ基含有化合物の分子量が大きい場合には分子量が小さい場合と比べて、加熱温度を低く、加熱時間を短くする。
例えば、多価アミノ基含有化合物として分子量が1万のポリエチレンイミンを使用したとき、80〜100℃で20〜30時間程度加熱することで、ゼータ電位を+にして、かつ脱塩率を70%以上にすることができる。
The heating temperature and time can also be adjusted in relation to the molecular weight of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound used.
When the molecular weight of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound is small, the heating temperature is increased and the heating time is lengthened as compared with the case where the molecular weight is large.
When the molecular weight of the polyvalent amino group-containing compound is large, the heating temperature is lowered and the heating time is shortened as compared with the case where the molecular weight is small.
For example, when polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 10,000 is used as the polyvalent amino group-containing compound, heating at 80 to 100 ° C. for about 20 to 30 hours makes the zeta potential + and the desalination rate is 70%. This can be done.

水洗工程は、加熱工程後の塩素含有ポリマーからなる膜を水洗して、未反応の多価アミノ基含有化合物等を除去する工程である。
水洗方法は特に制限されるものではなく、流水洗浄、洗浄水を循環させる流水循環洗浄、浸漬洗浄、浸漬撹拌洗浄等を適用することができる。
浸漬洗浄を適用するときには、塩素含有ポリマーからなる膜の体積に対して30〜300倍量程度の水(水道水、イオン交換水等)中に、前記塩素含有ポリマーからなる膜を3〜24時間浸漬する方法を適用することができる。
The water washing step is a step of washing the film made of the chlorine-containing polymer after the heating step to remove unreacted polyvalent amino group-containing compounds and the like.
The washing method is not particularly limited, and running water washing, running water circulation washing for circulating washing water, immersion washing, immersion stirring washing, and the like can be applied.
When the immersion cleaning is applied, the film made of the chlorine-containing polymer is placed in water (tap water, ion-exchanged water, etc.) about 30 to 300 times the volume of the film made of the chlorine-containing polymer for 3 to 24 hours. A dipping method can be applied.

得られたNF膜は、上記したとおり、表面のゼータ電位が+のものであり、好ましくは+5mV以上のものであり、より好ましくは+10mV〜+30mVのものである。   As described above, the obtained NF film has a surface zeta potential of +, preferably +5 mV or more, more preferably +10 mV to +30 mV.

得られたNF膜は、脱塩率が70%以上のものが好ましく、75%以上のものがより好ましく、80%以上のものがさらに好ましい。   The obtained NF membrane preferably has a desalting rate of 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, and still more preferably 80% or more.

<膜モジュール>
本発明の膜モジュールは、上記したNF膜を有するものである。
NF膜を中空糸膜型にしたときは、例えば、液出入り口を備えたケースハウジング内に多数本の中空糸膜型NF膜を充填したものにすることができる。具体的には、特開平11−333261号公報の図1に示されたもの、特開2004−330081号公報の図1に示されたものにすることができる。
NF膜を平膜型にしたときには、例えば、支持枠や支持板に平膜型のNF膜を固定したものにすることができる。具体的には、特開平10−109020号公報の図1〜4に示されたもの、特開2006−281125号公報の図1に示されたものにすることができる。
<Membrane module>
The membrane module of the present invention has the above-described NF membrane.
When the NF membrane is a hollow fiber membrane type, for example, a case housing having a liquid inlet / outlet can be filled with a number of hollow fiber membrane type NF membranes. Specifically, it can be the one shown in FIG. 1 of JP-A-11-333261 and the one shown in FIG. 1 of JP-A-2004-330081.
When the NF film is a flat film type, for example, the flat film type NF film can be fixed to a support frame or a support plate. Specifically, those shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 of JP-A-10-109020 and those shown in FIG. 1 of JP-A-2006-281125 can be used.

<水処理装置>
本発明の水処理装置は、本発明のNF膜を有する膜モジュールを備えた装置であり、前記膜モジュールと共に、他の膜装置(RO膜装置、UF膜装置等)、活性炭処理装置、プレフィルター、UV装置、凝集装置等の公知の水処理用の各種装置と組み合わせることができる。
例えば、特開2010−58101号公報に記載の低濃度海水の製造方法の発明を実施するための図1に示された装置、特開2002−292248号公報に記載のミネラル液の製造方法を実施するための図1〜図4に示された装置、特開2009−39696の医療用精製水の製造方法を実施するための図1に示された装置、特表平11−504564号公報に記載の水性溶液のナノ濾過方法を実施するための図1に示された装置のNF膜モジュールとして本願発明のNF膜モジュールを使用することができる。
<Water treatment device>
The water treatment device of the present invention is a device provided with the membrane module having the NF membrane of the present invention, and together with the membrane module, other membrane devices (RO membrane device, UF membrane device, etc.), activated carbon treatment device, prefilter , UV devices, aggregating devices, and other known water treatment devices can be combined.
For example, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 for carrying out the invention of the method for producing low-concentration seawater described in JP 2010-58101 A, and the method for producing mineral liquid described in JP 2002-292248 are implemented. 1 to 4 for carrying out, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 for carrying out the method for producing purified water for medical use disclosed in JP2009-39696, described in JP-T-11-504564 The NF membrane module of the present invention can be used as the NF membrane module of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 for carrying out the nanofiltration method of the aqueous solution.

〔ゼータ電位の測定方法〕
膜のゼータ電位は、ゼータ電位測定システムELSZ(大塚電子株式会社製)を用いて、電気泳動光散乱法により測定した。
具体的には,平板試料用セルユニット(大塚電子株式会社製)に膜を設置し、モニター粒子(大塚電子製)を分散させたpH=6〜7、10mMNaCI水溶液でセルを満たし電気泳動測定を行い,ゼータ電位を算出した。
[Method for measuring zeta potential]
The zeta potential of the film was measured by an electrophoretic light scattering method using a zeta potential measurement system ELSZ (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
Specifically, a membrane is placed on a flat plate cell unit (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.), and the electrophoretic measurement is performed by filling the cell with pH = 6-7, 10 mM NaCI aqueous solution in which monitor particles (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) are dispersed. The zeta potential was calculated.

(Caの除去率:脱塩率)
実施例及び比較例で得た中空糸膜の両端を開口させたもの5本を用い、両端側をエポキシ樹脂で封止したものをケースハウジングに収容して、試験用中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。
この試験用中空糸膜モジュールの一端側から、中空糸膜の内側に100mg/Lの塩化カルシウム水溶液を0.5MPaの圧力を加えて供給しながら、他端側から濃縮水を排出する内圧クロスフロー濾過を行った。中空糸内の塩化カルシウム水溶液の線速は0.5m/sであった。
安定状態の下、供給液、透過液及び濃縮液を採取し、ドロップテスト(共立理化学研究所社製のWAD−TH)を用いて、それぞれの硬度を測定し、下記式からCa除去率(%)を求めた。
Ca除去率
=〔1−(透過液中のCa量)/{(供給液中のCa量+濃縮液中のCa量)/2}〕
(Ca removal rate: Desalination rate)
A hollow fiber membrane module for testing was manufactured by using five hollow fiber membranes obtained by opening the both ends of the hollow fiber membranes obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, and sealing both ends with an epoxy resin in a case housing. .
An internal pressure cross flow for discharging concentrated water from the other end side while supplying a 100 mg / L calcium chloride aqueous solution to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane by applying a pressure of 0.5 MPa from one end side of the test hollow fiber membrane module. Filtration was performed. The linear velocity of the aqueous calcium chloride solution in the hollow fiber was 0.5 m / s.
Under a stable condition, a feed solution, a permeate, and a concentrated solution are collected, and each drop is measured using a drop test (WAD-TH manufactured by Kyoritsu Riken). The Ca removal rate (% )
Ca removal rate = [1- (Ca amount in permeate) / {(Ca amount in supply liquid + Ca amount in concentrate) / 2}]

〔純水透過係数:PWP〕
上記の試験用中空糸膜モジュールの一端側を閉じた状態で、他端側から純水を0.5MPaで供給し、中空糸膜から一定時間に透過する純水の質量を測定した。この質量を採取時間(h)、中空糸膜内表面の膜面積(m2)、圧力(0.5MPa)で除して、純水透過係数〔L/m2h・0.1MPa〕を求めた。
[Pure water permeability coefficient: PWP]
With one end side of the test hollow fiber membrane module closed, pure water was supplied from the other end side at 0.5 MPa, and the mass of pure water permeating from the hollow fiber membrane for a predetermined time was measured. Divide this mass by sampling time (h), membrane area (m 2 ) on the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and pressure (0.5 MPa) to obtain a pure water permeability coefficient [L / m 2 h · 0.1 MPa]. It was.

実施例1、2、比較例1、2
〔製膜工程〕
N−メチル−2−ピロリドン83質量%量にPVC(ポリ塩化ビニル)17質量%量を加え、80℃で5時間加熱溶解して、製膜溶液を得た。その後、製膜溶液を60℃で15時間かけて脱泡した。
脱泡した製膜溶液を用い、二重紡糸ノズルにより40℃で紡糸した。内部凝固液として20℃の水を用いた。
二重紡糸ノズルから吐出させた後、距離100mmの乾燥空間(40℃)を通して乾燥させた後、40℃の水が入った凝固槽を通過させた。
その後、さらに40℃の水が入った水洗槽を通過させてPVC中空糸膜を巻き取った。
Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
[Film forming process]
17% by mass of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) was added to 83% by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dissolved by heating at 80 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a film forming solution. Thereafter, the film forming solution was degassed at 60 ° C. for 15 hours.
Using the defoamed membrane-forming solution, spinning was performed at 40 ° C. with a double spinning nozzle. 20 ° C. water was used as the internal coagulation liquid.
After discharging from the double spinning nozzle, it was dried through a drying space (40 ° C.) at a distance of 100 mm, and then passed through a coagulation tank containing 40 ° C. water.
Thereafter, the PVC hollow fiber membrane was wound up by passing through a washing tank containing 40 ° C. water.

〔接触工程〕
PVC中空糸膜(内径0.5mm、外径0.8mm、長さ1000mmのもの)を表1に示すPEIの水溶液(25℃)中に3分間浸漬した状態で、減圧脱泡を行った。
[Contact process]
The PVC hollow fiber membrane (with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm, an outer diameter of 0.8 mm, and a length of 1000 mm) was degassed under reduced pressure in a state where it was immersed in an aqueous solution of PEI shown in Table 1 (25 ° C.) for 3 minutes.

〔加熱工程〕
PVC中空糸膜をPEI水溶液に接触させた状態のまま、乾燥機内で表1に示す条件で加熱処理した。
[Heating process]
While the PVC hollow fiber membrane was in contact with the PEI aqueous solution, heat treatment was performed in the dryer under the conditions shown in Table 1.

Figure 2013022580
Figure 2013022580

PVC:シグマアルドリッチジャパン(株)製(Mn233、000、Mw99、000)
PEI:(株)日本触媒のエポミン(登録商標)SP−006(分子量600)、SP−200(分子量10、000)
PVC: Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd. (Mn233, 000, Mw99, 000)
PEI: Nippon Shokubai Epomin (registered trademark) SP-006 (molecular weight 600), SP-200 (molecular weight 10,000)

実施例3、4、比較例3、4
PVC中空糸膜に代えて、表2に示す塩素化PVC(塩素化ポリ塩化ビニル)を用いたほかは、実施例1と同様にしてNF膜を得た。但し、加熱条件は表2に示す条件で行った。
Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4
An NF membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that chlorinated PVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) shown in Table 2 was used instead of the PVC hollow fiber membrane. However, the heating conditions were as shown in Table 2.

Figure 2013022580
Figure 2013022580

塩素化PVC:(株)カネカの塩素化ポリ塩化ビニル、品名カネカCPVCH516
PEI:(株)日本触媒のエポミン(登録商標)SP−006(分子量600)、SP−200(分子量10、000)
Chlorinated PVC: Kaneka Corporation's chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, product name Kaneka CPVCH516
PEI: Nippon Shokubai Epomin (registered trademark) SP-006 (molecular weight 600), SP-200 (molecular weight 10,000)

Claims (8)

塩素含有ポリマーと多価アミノ基含有化合物の脱塩化水素縮合体からなり、pH=6〜7における表面のゼータ電位が+であり、下記式から求められるCa除去率が70%以上である、NF膜。
Ca除去率
=〔1−(透過液中のCa量)/{(供給液中のCa量+濃縮液中のCa量)/2}〕
NF comprising a dehydrochlorination condensate of a chlorine-containing polymer and a polyvalent amino group-containing compound, the surface zeta potential at pH = 6-7 is +, and the Ca removal rate obtained from the following formula is 70% or more. film.
Ca removal rate = [1- (Ca amount in permeate) / {(Ca amount in supply liquid + Ca amount in concentrate) / 2}]
塩素含有ポリマーが、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、塩素化ポリ塩化ビニルから選ばれるものであり、
多価アミノ基含有化合物が、ポリエチレンイミン、ヒドロキシエチルポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリルアミンから選ばれるものである、請求項1記載のNF膜。
The chlorine-containing polymer is selected from polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride,
The NF membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyvalent amino group-containing compound is selected from polyethyleneimine, hydroxyethyl polyethyleneimine, and polyallylamine.
中空糸型又は平膜型である、請求項1又は2記載のNF膜。   The NF membrane according to claim 1 or 2, which is a hollow fiber type or a flat membrane type. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のNF膜の製造方法であって、
塩素含有ポリマーからなり、pH=6〜7における表面のゼータ電位が−である膜を製造する工程と、
前記工程で得られた膜と多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液を接触させる工程と、その後、加熱する工程を有している、NF膜の製造方法。
A method for producing an NF film according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A step of producing a film comprising a chlorine-containing polymer and having a surface zeta potential of-at pH = 6-7;
The manufacturing method of NF film | membrane which has the process of making the film | membrane obtained at the said process and the aqueous solution of a polyvalent amino group containing compound contact, and a heating process after that.
前記接触工程が、塩素含有ポリマーからなる膜を多価アミノ基含有化合物の水溶液中に浸漬する方法である、請求項4記載のNF膜の製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the NF film | membrane of Claim 4 whose said contact process is a method of immersing the film | membrane consisting of a chlorine containing polymer in the aqueous solution of a polyvalent amino group containing compound. 加熱工程が60〜95℃で0.5〜60時間加熱する工程である、請求項4又は5記載のNF膜の製造方法。   The method for producing an NF film according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the heating step is a step of heating at 60 to 95 ° C for 0.5 to 60 hours. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のNF膜を有する膜モジュール。   The membrane module which has NF membrane of any one of Claims 1-3. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のNF膜を有する膜モジュールを備えた水処理装置。   The water treatment apparatus provided with the membrane module which has NF membrane of any one of Claims 1-3.
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